Pedigree yearling records from 1021 local Tuli calves born at Matopos Research Station were analyzed for non genetic factors, genetic parameers and trends on the yearling weight. It was found that sre year of brth, sex of calf age of dam had sgnfcant effect (p Keywords: Non genetic, Direct, Maternal trends, Yearling weight, Growth traits, Tuli cattle
{"title":"Systematic environmental influences and variances due to direct and maternal effects and trends for yearling weight in cattle","authors":"N. Assan, K. Nyoni","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55993","url":null,"abstract":"Pedigree yearling records from 1021 local Tuli calves born at Matopos Research Station were analyzed for non genetic factors, genetic parameers and trends on the yearling weight. It was found that sre year of brth, sex of calf age of dam had sgnfcant effect (p Keywords: Non genetic, Direct, Maternal trends, Yearling weight, Growth traits, Tuli cattle","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79018544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated whether strange males in Bruce and Whitten effec s also include males placed in the same cage with females. Forty albino mice (25 females and 15 males) were used for the study. The mice were divided into five groups (A - E) with five females each, and 5 4, 3 2 and 1 male(s) respectively. During both first and second rounds of matings, all the females conceived and littered successfully. In both rounds of matings, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean number of matings before conception, mean gestation length and mean weight of new-born among all the female groups. However, the second round of matings recorded a higher mean number of matings before conception, greater mean weight of new-born and slightly longer gestation length than the first round. In both rounds, group E females had a significantly (p 0.05) in both mean litter size and weight among all the five groups. Results showed that male mice placed in the same cage with female mice were not seen as strange by the females. Keywords: Bruce and Whitten effects, Albino mice, Strange, Pheromones
{"title":"MALES’ NON-ENHANCEMENT OF BRUCE AND WHITTEN EFFECTS IN FEMALE ALBINO MICE – Mus musculus","authors":"I. Ochiogu, C. Oguejiofor, A. Nwagbo","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55990","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether strange males in Bruce and Whitten effec s also include males placed in the same cage with females. Forty albino mice (25 females and 15 males) were used for the study. The mice were divided into five groups (A - E) with five females each, and 5 4, 3 2 and 1 male(s) respectively. During both first and second rounds of matings, all the females conceived and littered successfully. In both rounds of matings, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean number of matings before conception, mean gestation length and mean weight of new-born among all the female groups. However, the second round of matings recorded a higher mean number of matings before conception, greater mean weight of new-born and slightly longer gestation length than the first round. In both rounds, group E females had a significantly (p 0.05) in both mean litter size and weight among all the five groups. Results showed that male mice placed in the same cage with female mice were not seen as strange by the females. Keywords: Bruce and Whitten effects, Albino mice, Strange, Pheromones","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89028177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The larvicidal activities of ethanol extracts of leaves and fruits of Physalis angulata L. on the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes were investigated. Larval mortalities were recorded within 30 minutes of contact with the plant extracts. Leaf extracts of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations caused 61%, 80% 91% and 92% mortalities while the same concentrations o fruit extracts caused 38%, 47%, 72% and 83% mortalties respectively. A combination of leaf and fruit extracts exerted synergistic effects and caused higher mortality rates of 67%, 84%, 91% and 95% mortalties at the same concentrations and time. The results also showed that the larvicidal effects of the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts increased wth increase in concentration. Significant result was observed for the synergy with 20% extract causing 95% mortality. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid (2.0%), cyanide (0.30%), flavonoid (15.5%), phytate (0.02%), saponin (2.0%) and tannin (0.05%) in the leaf and 0.01%, 0.2%, 13.2%0.01%, 1% 0.03% respectivelyinthe fruit Keywords: Larvicidal, Effects, Physalis angulata , Anopheles, Synergy, Ebonyi State
研究了角Physalis叶片和果实乙醇提取物对按蚊幼虫的杀灭作用。幼虫在接触植物提取物30分钟内死亡。5%、10%、15%和20%浓度叶提取物的死亡率分别为61%、80%、91%和92%，而相同浓度果实提取物的死亡率分别为38%、47%、72%和83%。在相同浓度和时间下，叶和果提取物组合具有协同效应，死亡率分别为67%、84%、91%和95%。结果还表明，叶提取物、果实提取物和协同提取物的杀虫效果随浓度的增加而增强。20%提取物的协同作用效果显著，死亡率为95%。方差分析(ANOVA)表明，叶片、果实和协同提取物之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。初步植物化学分析结果显示，叶中生物碱(2.0%)、氰化物(0.30%)、类黄酮(15.5%)、植酸盐(0.02%)、皂苷(2.0%)和单宁(0.05%)的含量分别为0.01%、0.2%、13.2%、0.01%和1% 0.03%。关键词:杀幼虫，效果，角Physalis，按蚊，Synergy, Ebonyi State
{"title":"Larvicidal effects of ethanol extracts on leaves and fruits of Physalis angulata L. on the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes from Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"C. Nnamani, O. Ani, Gregory Belunwu","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55984","url":null,"abstract":"The larvicidal activities of ethanol extracts of leaves and fruits of Physalis angulata L. on the larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes were investigated. Larval mortalities were recorded within 30 minutes of contact with the plant extracts. Leaf extracts of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations caused 61%, 80% 91% and 92% mortalities while the same concentrations o fruit extracts caused 38%, 47%, 72% and 83% mortalties respectively. A combination of leaf and fruit extracts exerted synergistic effects and caused higher mortality rates of 67%, 84%, 91% and 95% mortalties at the same concentrations and time. The results also showed that the larvicidal effects of the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts increased wth increase in concentration. Significant result was observed for the synergy with 20% extract causing 95% mortality. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the leaf, fruit and synergy extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid (2.0%), cyanide (0.30%), flavonoid (15.5%), phytate (0.02%), saponin (2.0%) and tannin (0.05%) in the leaf and 0.01%, 0.2%, 13.2%0.01%, 1% 0.03% respectivelyinthe fruit Keywords: Larvicidal, Effects, Physalis angulata , Anopheles, Synergy, Ebonyi State","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77675122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
5 g of ethanol (20% w/v) per kg body weight was administered to ten rats weighing between 166 – 170 grams daily for 28 days along side with normal feeds and water ad libitum. The administration of ethanol was done orally using oral catheter. A control group o ten rats was set up for a proper experimental evaluation. Analysis at the end of the adminstration showed tha ethanol in a dose of 5g/kg body weight significantly modulates (P Keywords: Rats, Ethanol, Oral administration, Catheter, Liver, Hepatotoxicity, Antioxidant enzyme
{"title":"MODULATORY EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ETHANOL INGESTION ON HEPATOTOXICITY-RELATED PARAMETERS IN MALE RATS","authors":"O. Ighodaro, J. Omole","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55981","url":null,"abstract":"5 g of ethanol (20% w/v) per kg body weight was administered to ten rats weighing between 166 – 170 grams daily for 28 days along side with normal feeds and water ad libitum. The administration of ethanol was done orally using oral catheter. A control group o ten rats was set up for a proper experimental evaluation. Analysis at the end of the adminstration showed tha ethanol in a dose of 5g/kg body weight significantly modulates (P Keywords: Rats, Ethanol, Oral administration, Catheter, Liver, Hepatotoxicity, Antioxidant enzyme","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88008204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A twelve-month epizooic survey was conducted to evaluate the helminth fauna of the Ngerian strain of the black rat, Rattus rattus from six microecological habitats in Nsukka area of Nigeria andto assess the zoonotic and public health implications of the findings. Altogether 1458 rats (565 % males and 43.5 % females) were trapped and examined for helminths. A total of 1098 rats (55.7 % males and 44.3% females) harboured helminth parasites thus providing and overall prevalence o 75.3% and a mean worn burden of 1.3. The between-sex difference was statistically signiicant (x 2 =2.64, P Aspicularis tetrapera (17.5%), Syphacia muris 17.0 %), Angiostrongyus cantonensis 16.9%), Strongyloides ratti (16.0%) and Capiaria hepatca (12.8%). Also recovered from their rat hosts were the following six cestode species; Hymenolepis dimnua (22.7%), Taenia taeniaeformis (17.4%), T. muris (171%), T. hydatigera (166%) , H. nana (164%) and Raillietina muris (9.8%). Trematodes(n=9) belonging to 3 species, Plagiochis muris, Platynosomoides muris and Corrigia muris were also recovered from five infected rats. A total of 103 rat hoss harboured single infections of nematodes, 818 (98.9%) had combined nematode/cestode infections, 5 (6.0%) haboured a combination of nematode/trematode whereas 4 (0.5%) showed concurrent cestode/trematode infections. The influence of seasonal fluctuations on the parasite-host relationship, le cycle patterns of the parasites and immunological potentials of the rat hosts are discussed. Keywords: Epizootic, helminth, Rattus rattus, Nematode, Cestode, Trematode, Seasonal fluctuation
{"title":"Studies of the seasonal variations and prevalence of Helminth fauna on the black rat, Rattus rattus (Rodentia: Muridae) from different microhabitats in Nsukka, Nigeria","authors":"N. Ivoke","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55986","url":null,"abstract":"A twelve-month epizooic survey was conducted to evaluate the helminth fauna of the Ngerian strain of the black rat, Rattus rattus from six microecological habitats in Nsukka area of Nigeria andto assess the zoonotic and public health implications of the findings. Altogether 1458 rats (565 % males and 43.5 % females) were trapped and examined for helminths. A total of 1098 rats (55.7 % males and 44.3% females) harboured helminth parasites thus providing and overall prevalence o 75.3% and a mean worn burden of 1.3. The between-sex difference was statistically signiicant (x 2 =2.64, P Aspicularis tetrapera (17.5%), Syphacia muris 17.0 %), Angiostrongyus cantonensis 16.9%), Strongyloides ratti (16.0%) and Capiaria hepatca (12.8%). Also recovered from their rat hosts were the following six cestode species; Hymenolepis dimnua (22.7%), Taenia taeniaeformis (17.4%), T. muris (171%), T. hydatigera (166%) , H. nana (164%) and Raillietina muris (9.8%). Trematodes(n=9) belonging to 3 species, Plagiochis muris, Platynosomoides muris and Corrigia muris were also recovered from five infected rats. A total of 103 rat hoss harboured single infections of nematodes, 818 (98.9%) had combined nematode/cestode infections, 5 (6.0%) haboured a combination of nematode/trematode whereas 4 (0.5%) showed concurrent cestode/trematode infections. The influence of seasonal fluctuations on the parasite-host relationship, le cycle patterns of the parasites and immunological potentials of the rat hosts are discussed. Keywords: Epizootic, helminth, Rattus rattus, Nematode, Cestode, Trematode, Seasonal fluctuation","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88330054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An investigation of ecto and gut parastic fauna of African giant rat Cricetomys gambianu s was carried out to determine the composition and prevalence of ecto and gut parasites in the giant rat.Fifteen giant rats, C. gambianus were caught from different locations in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and some other villages in Nsukka. They were all examined for ecto and gut parasites. A total of 2503 gut parasites and 27 ectoparasites were recovered. Considering the gut parasitic worms, nematodes were the most prevalent (87.4%) and included species such as N ippostrongylus braziliensis, Capillaria columbae and Strongyloides ophidae. Hymenolepis dimnuta (cestode) (126%) was the least in prevalence. All recovered ectoparasites were fleas – Leptopsylla segnis . The health sgnificances of these parasites along with control and management measures are discussed. Keywords: Ectoparasite, Gut parasites, African giant rat, Cicetomys gambianus, Semi-urban tropical community
{"title":"Ecto and gut parasitic fauna of the African Giant Rat ( Cricetomy gambianus ) in a semi-urban tropical community","authors":"F. Ekeh, N. Ekechukwu","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55991","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation of ecto and gut parastic fauna of African giant rat Cricetomys gambianu s was carried out to determine the composition and prevalence of ecto and gut parasites in the giant rat.Fifteen giant rats, C. gambianus were caught from different locations in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and some other villages in Nsukka. They were all examined for ecto and gut parasites. A total of 2503 gut parasites and 27 ectoparasites were recovered. Considering the gut parasitic worms, nematodes were the most prevalent (87.4%) and included species such as N ippostrongylus braziliensis, Capillaria columbae and Strongyloides ophidae. Hymenolepis dimnuta (cestode) (126%) was the least in prevalence. All recovered ectoparasites were fleas – Leptopsylla segnis . The health sgnificances of these parasites along with control and management measures are discussed. Keywords: Ectoparasite, Gut parasites, African giant rat, Cicetomys gambianus, Semi-urban tropical community","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83400337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seventy-seven Bulinus snail species were fed for eight weeks with eleven diets consisting of different feed-formulations and vegetables. Snails reared exclusively on grower’s mash, corn fibre meal and fish meal did not survive for up to two weeks. The result from this investigation indicatesthat there isno signiicant difference in body growh gain between lettuce + blood meal, lettuce +groundnut fibre meal, blood meal, lettuce and cabbage. But they showed significant dfference withlettuce + corn fibre meal and lettuce + fish meal. It is therefore recommended that in a situation where lettuce which is well known as the snail’s food is not available as during the peak of rainy season, feeds like blood meal and cabbage can be used as viable substitutes for rearing experimental Bulinus snail species in the laboratory. Also, lettuce + blood meal has been shown bythis study as the best feed formulation for the optimal growth and development of Bulinus sp in thelaboratory. Keywords : Bulinus snail, Lettuce, Blood meal, Dietary formulations, Survival
{"title":"Formulated feed preference for survival and optimal growth of Bulinus species reared in the laboratory","authors":"I. Okoye, N. R. Obiezue, Us Mgbemena","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55995","url":null,"abstract":"Seventy-seven Bulinus snail species were fed for eight weeks with eleven diets consisting of different feed-formulations and vegetables. Snails reared exclusively on grower’s mash, corn fibre meal and fish meal did not survive for up to two weeks. The result from this investigation indicatesthat there isno signiicant difference in body growh gain between lettuce + blood meal, lettuce +groundnut fibre meal, blood meal, lettuce and cabbage. But they showed significant dfference withlettuce + corn fibre meal and lettuce + fish meal. It is therefore recommended that in a situation where lettuce which is well known as the snail’s food is not available as during the peak of rainy season, feeds like blood meal and cabbage can be used as viable substitutes for rearing experimental Bulinus snail species in the laboratory. Also, lettuce + blood meal has been shown bythis study as the best feed formulation for the optimal growth and development of Bulinus sp in thelaboratory. Keywords : Bulinus snail, Lettuce, Blood meal, Dietary formulations, Survival","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84194511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The comparative effect of exposing Clarias gariepinus juveniles (100.20 + 0.8g) to diferent concentrations of crude oil products and detergent were studied. Bonny Light Crude oil (BLCO), Premium motor spirit (PMS), Dual purpose kerosene (DPK) and Ariel Enzymax Detergent (AED) were respectively applied at three concentratons, 2.00, 4.00and 6.00mi/L as well as a control experiment 0.00ml/L with no toxicant for two hours (2 hours) toxicity period. Increased serum alkaline phosphatase and low degree of toxicity were recorded in the fish samples exposed to the various pollutants than in the fish control. The comparatively low toxicity noticed within the sample fish was attributed to the reduced length o exposure to the pollutants this probably lowered the pressure of the toxicant on organs of the fish. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus , Serum alkaline phosphatase, Bonny light crude oil, Premium motor spirit, Dual purpose kerosene, Ariel enzymax detergent
研究了100.20 + 0.8g加里平Clarias gariepinus幼鱼暴露于不同浓度的原油产品和洗涤剂的比较效果。Bonny轻质原油(BLCO)、Premium motor spirit (PMS)、Dual purpose煤油(DPK)和Ariel酶洁精(AED)分别以2.00、4.00和6.00mi/L三种浓度和对照实验0.00ml/L，无毒性2小时(2小时)毒性期。与对照鱼相比，暴露于各种污染物的鱼样本血清碱性磷酸酶升高，毒性程度低。在样本鱼中发现的相对较低的毒性是由于接触污染物的时间缩短了，这可能降低了有毒物质对鱼器官的压力。关键词:Clarias gariepinus，血清碱性磷酸酶，Bonny轻质原油，Premium motor spirit，两用煤油，Ariel酶清洁剂
{"title":"Toxicity of crude oil products and detergent on serum alkaline phosphatase concentration of Clarias gariepinus juveniles","authors":"H. Nwamba, I. Chidobem","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55979","url":null,"abstract":"The comparative effect of exposing Clarias gariepinus juveniles (100.20 + 0.8g) to diferent concentrations of crude oil products and detergent were studied. Bonny Light Crude oil (BLCO), Premium motor spirit (PMS), Dual purpose kerosene (DPK) and Ariel Enzymax Detergent (AED) were respectively applied at three concentratons, 2.00, 4.00and 6.00mi/L as well as a control experiment 0.00ml/L with no toxicant for two hours (2 hours) toxicity period. Increased serum alkaline phosphatase and low degree of toxicity were recorded in the fish samples exposed to the various pollutants than in the fish control. The comparatively low toxicity noticed within the sample fish was attributed to the reduced length o exposure to the pollutants this probably lowered the pressure of the toxicant on organs of the fish. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus , Serum alkaline phosphatase, Bonny light crude oil, Premium motor spirit, Dual purpose kerosene, Ariel enzymax detergent","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74749113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The occurrence o zoonoic helminths in house rats ( Rattus rattus ) constitute serious public healthrisks as these rats commonly cohabit with humans, and are known to be natural reservoirs of somehelminth inections of public health importance. This study surveyed the prevalence of the three major zoonotic helminths ( Capillaria hepatica, Hymenolepis spp and Trichinella spiralis ) in house rats in Nsukka, Eastern Ngeria. A total of 103 house rats were trapped and screened for the three zoonotic helminths. Whole liver of each R. rattus was sectioned into smallbits and examined for the presence of C. hepatica nodules/granuloma, while faecal samples collected from the rectum othe trapped rats were screened for worm eggs by the simple floatation technique, and diaphragmatic muscle sections were examined microscopically for the presence of T. spiralis larvae. Results showed that out of the 103 rats screened, 5.8% were infected with C. hepatca, 19.5% with Hymenolepis spp, and none (0%) with T. spiralis . The prevaence of C. hepatca in reaton to sex and age of the rats was found to be 29% for maes 7.4% for females, 0% for young rats and7.8% for adult rats, while that o Hymenolepis spp in relation to sex and age of R. rattus was 20%or males, 16.2% for females, 0% for young rats and 23.4% for adults. The prevalence obtanedin this study was compared with those reported in literature for other locations The occurrence of C.hepatica and Hymenolepis spp in R. rattus surveyed was considered to be of immense public healthsignificance because of the detrimental pathologies the helminths cause in humans who easily get infected as the rats cohabit the homes/houses where humans live. Keywords : Prevalence, Zoonotic helminths, Capillaria hepatica, Hymenolepis spp, Trichinella spiralis, Rattus rattus
{"title":"Prevalence of zoonotic helminths in local house rats ( Rattus rattus ) in Nsukka, Eastern Nigeria","authors":"I. Onyenwe, J. Ihedioha, Rita Ifeoma Ezeme","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V6I3.55977","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence o zoonoic helminths in house rats ( Rattus rattus ) constitute serious public healthrisks as these rats commonly cohabit with humans, and are known to be natural reservoirs of somehelminth inections of public health importance. This study surveyed the prevalence of the three major zoonotic helminths ( Capillaria hepatica, Hymenolepis spp and Trichinella spiralis ) in house rats in Nsukka, Eastern Ngeria. A total of 103 house rats were trapped and screened for the three zoonotic helminths. Whole liver of each R. rattus was sectioned into smallbits and examined for the presence of C. hepatica nodules/granuloma, while faecal samples collected from the rectum othe trapped rats were screened for worm eggs by the simple floatation technique, and diaphragmatic muscle sections were examined microscopically for the presence of T. spiralis larvae. Results showed that out of the 103 rats screened, 5.8% were infected with C. hepatca, 19.5% with Hymenolepis spp, and none (0%) with T. spiralis . The prevaence of C. hepatca in reaton to sex and age of the rats was found to be 29% for maes 7.4% for females, 0% for young rats and7.8% for adult rats, while that o Hymenolepis spp in relation to sex and age of R. rattus was 20%or males, 16.2% for females, 0% for young rats and 23.4% for adults. The prevalence obtanedin this study was compared with those reported in literature for other locations The occurrence of C.hepatica and Hymenolepis spp in R. rattus surveyed was considered to be of immense public healthsignificance because of the detrimental pathologies the helminths cause in humans who easily get infected as the rats cohabit the homes/houses where humans live. Keywords : Prevalence, Zoonotic helminths, Capillaria hepatica, Hymenolepis spp, Trichinella spiralis, Rattus rattus","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79933407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camels and cattle grazed in the native pasture of the Sahel savanna and presented for slaughter at the Maiduguri Municipal Abattoir were used to evaluate differences in forage selection, rumen content characteristics and forage organic matter digestibility. After evisceration, rumen contents were obtained and separated into solid digesta and twigs. The rumen fluid was examined for colour, pH and specific gravity. The faecal index method was used to determine the organic matter digestibility of the herbage eaten. The investigation showed that the camel rumen content was twiggy and greenish in colour, while that of cattle was mushy and brownish in colour. Camel rumen solid digesta contained leaves and twigs in contrast to cattle digesta which had grass remnants. Mean rumen pH values were 6.98 ± 0.03 and 7.14 ± 0.04 for camel and cattle respectively. Mean specific gravity values were 1.016 ± 0.005 and 1.005 ± 0.001 for camel and cattle respectively. Forage organic matter digestibility was significantly higher in camels than in cattle (P < 0.05).
{"title":"RUMEN CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS AND HERBAGE DIGESTIBILITY OF CATTLE AND CAMEL GRAZING NATIVE PASTURE IN A SAHEL SAVANNA ECOSYSTEM","authors":"T. Kamalu, G. Okpe, Arustus Williams","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V7I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V7I2","url":null,"abstract":"Camels and cattle grazed in the native pasture of the Sahel savanna and presented for slaughter at the Maiduguri Municipal Abattoir were used to evaluate differences in forage selection, rumen content characteristics and forage organic matter digestibility. After evisceration, rumen contents were obtained and separated into solid digesta and twigs. The rumen fluid was examined for colour, pH and specific gravity. The faecal index method was used to determine the organic matter digestibility of the herbage eaten. The investigation showed that the camel rumen content was twiggy and greenish in colour, while that of cattle was mushy and brownish in colour. Camel rumen solid digesta contained leaves and twigs in contrast to cattle digesta which had grass remnants. Mean rumen pH values were 6.98 ± 0.03 and 7.14 ± 0.04 for camel and cattle respectively. Mean specific gravity values were 1.016 ± 0.005 and 1.005 ± 0.001 for camel and cattle respectively. Forage organic matter digestibility was significantly higher in camels than in cattle (P < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"360 1","pages":"1194-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76420747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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