Prevalence of intestinal helminths infections among school children in Igbo-Eze South Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria were studed between July and December 2005 Significantdifferences (P Keywords: Prevalence, Intestinal helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Trichuris trichiura , Helminthiasis Schooling children
{"title":"Prevalence Of Intestinal Helminths infections among schooling children in tropical semi urban communities","authors":"Ea Ekpenyong, E. Eyo","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V5I1.48715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V5I1.48715","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of intestinal helminths infections among school children in Igbo-Eze South Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria were studed between July and December 2005 Significantdifferences (P Keywords: Prevalence, Intestinal helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Trichuris trichiura , Helminthiasis Schooling children","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79247284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In West Africa, the foliage of both wild and cultivated varieties of Amarnathus species is used widely as vegetable and as fodder for cattle. This widely cultivated vegetable is severely attacked by the snouted beetle, Gastreoclisus rhomboidalis. A comprehensive study on some aspects of the biology of G. rhomboidalis has been carried out. The full life cycle of the beetle (from copulation and oviposition through the various immature stages to the emergence of adult beetles) was investigated. It took on the average 40 days for the adult beetle to emerge from the day of oviposition. Studies on the feeding habit of the beetles revealed that the beetles fed heavily on the leaves and can inflict an enormous destruction on the host plant over a short period of time. Generally; the studies have been able to confirm that the larva and adult beetles are the most potent destroyers of the host plant. While the adult beetle fed heavily on the leaves and tender plant stem, the larva when hatched in the plant stem, destroyed the host plant (particularly during the tender ages of between 2 - 3 weeks) with its boring activities causing the plant to wilt and die.
{"title":"Biological studies of Gasteroclisus rhomboidalis (Coleoptera: curculionidae) on Amaranthus species","authors":"N. Ekechukwu, M. Eluwa","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V5I3.48762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V5I3.48762","url":null,"abstract":"In West Africa, the foliage of both wild and cultivated varieties of Amarnathus species is used widely as vegetable and as fodder for cattle. This widely cultivated vegetable is severely attacked by the snouted beetle, Gastreoclisus rhomboidalis. A comprehensive study on some aspects of the biology of G. rhomboidalis has been carried out. The full life cycle of the beetle (from copulation and oviposition through the various immature stages to the emergence of adult beetles) was investigated. It took on the average 40 days for the adult beetle to emerge from the day of oviposition. Studies on the feeding habit of the beetles revealed that the beetles fed heavily on the leaves and can inflict an enormous destruction on the host plant over a short period of time. Generally; the studies have been able to confirm that the larva and adult beetles are the most potent destroyers of the host plant. While the adult beetle fed heavily on the leaves and tender plant stem, the larva when hatched in the plant stem, destroyed the host plant (particularly during the tender ages of between 2 - 3 weeks) with its boring activities causing the plant to wilt and die.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90372539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of Babesia canis and their tck vectors was investgated in Makurd 108 dogs were screened for Babesia canis and 208 dogs were examined for tick ectoparasites. 10.2 % o the dogswere positive for Babesia canis infecton. Chi square analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates in male and female dogs (X2 = 2.579, df = 1, P > 005). 75.9 % of dogs examined for ticks were infested with either Rhipicephalus, Boophilus and Amblyomma species or combination ofthe three. The paws were the most preferred site of attachmentfor the tcks. 126 (79.6 %) of the 158 inested dogs had ticks on the paw (X2 = 10.388, df = 4, P > 005). The publc health implications of these findings especially as relates to the increasing incidence and prevalence of dog borne zoonotic infections are discussed. Keywords : Babesia canis , Ticks, Public health risk
调查马库尔德市犬巴贝斯虫及其蜱虫媒介的流行情况，筛选犬巴贝斯虫108只，检查蜱虫外寄生208只。10.2%犬感染巴贝斯虫阳性。卡方分析显示，公犬和母犬的感染率差异无统计学意义(X2 = 2.579, df = 1, P < 0.05)。接受蜱虫检查的狗中，75.9%感染了鼻头虫、嗜乳虫和无足虫或三者的组合。爪子是乌鸦最喜欢的附着部位。158只犬中有126只(79.6%)爪上有蜱虫(X2 = 10.388, df = 4, P < 0.05)。这些发现对公共卫生的影响，特别是与狗传播的人畜共患感染的发病率和流行率增加有关。关键词:犬巴贝斯虫，蜱虫，公共卫生风险
{"title":"Epidemiological survey of canine babesiosis in Makurdi, Nigeria","authors":"E. Omudu, B. Atu, Jason Gbushum Ayashar","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V4I3.48685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V4I3.48685","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of Babesia canis and their tck vectors was investgated in Makurd 108 dogs were screened for Babesia canis and 208 dogs were examined for tick ectoparasites. 10.2 % o the dogswere positive for Babesia canis infecton. Chi square analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates in male and female dogs (X2 = 2.579, df = 1, P > 005). 75.9 % of dogs examined for ticks were infested with either Rhipicephalus, Boophilus and Amblyomma species or combination ofthe three. The paws were the most preferred site of attachmentfor the tcks. 126 (79.6 %) of the 158 inested dogs had ticks on the paw (X2 = 10.388, df = 4, P > 005). The publc health implications of these findings especially as relates to the increasing incidence and prevalence of dog borne zoonotic infections are discussed. Keywords : Babesia canis , Ticks, Public health risk","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90099404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipase activity was monitored on germinating Hura crepitans seeds for 16 days in the dark with olive oil as substrate. The enzyme actvity increases from 45 units on day zero to 120 units on the12th day and later fell to 105 units on the 16th day of germination. The efect of pH on lipase activity was determined with two diferent peaks at 6.0 and 8.0 respectvely. This suggests that there are both acidic and alkaline lipases in the seeds of Hura crepitans. Inhibition showed that EDTA is an activator at concentration below 0.18M. It is also an activator at concentration above 0.5M. The enzyme has a Km of 0.18M with a Vmax of 0.69. Keywords: Hura crepians, Lipase, Inhibition, Activation, Km and Vmax
{"title":"Studies on lipase [EC 3.1.1.3] from germinating Hura crepitans seeds","authors":"S. Eze","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V4I3.48678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V4I3.48678","url":null,"abstract":"Lipase activity was monitored on germinating Hura crepitans seeds for 16 days in the dark with olive oil as substrate. The enzyme actvity increases from 45 units on day zero to 120 units on the12th day and later fell to 105 units on the 16th day of germination. The efect of pH on lipase activity was determined with two diferent peaks at 6.0 and 8.0 respectvely. This suggests that there are both acidic and alkaline lipases in the seeds of Hura crepitans. Inhibition showed that EDTA is an activator at concentration below 0.18M. It is also an activator at concentration above 0.5M. The enzyme has a Km of 0.18M with a Vmax of 0.69. Keywords: Hura crepians, Lipase, Inhibition, Activation, Km and Vmax","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88591548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For decades, elephants’ invasion is known to be associated with severe environmental consequences leading to escalated depletion o environmental resources (plants, water, wildlife and soil). This paper examined the effects of elephants’ activity on the environmental resources inHong and Gombi Local Government areas of Adamawa State, considering the damage they usually cause. Data collection was by personal observation, oral interview and semi-structural questionnaires using 400 respondents The data collected was analysed using chi-square (x 2 ) and descriptive statistics. Results showedthat the extentof damage was highly sgnificant (P Keywords: Escalated, Ecosystem, Horticultural crops, Depletion, Extinction, Management
{"title":"ELEPHANT INVASION AND ESCALATED DEPLETION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES IN A SEMI ARID TROPICAL ECOSYSTEM","authors":"M. Awi","doi":"10.4314/ari.v4i3.48690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ari.v4i3.48690","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, elephants’ invasion is known to be associated with severe environmental consequences leading to escalated depletion o environmental resources (plants, water, wildlife and soil). This paper examined the effects of elephants’ activity on the environmental resources inHong and Gombi Local Government areas of Adamawa State, considering the damage they usually cause. Data collection was by personal observation, oral interview and semi-structural questionnaires using 400 respondents The data collected was analysed using chi-square (x 2 ) and descriptive statistics. Results showedthat the extentof damage was highly sgnificant (P Keywords: Escalated, Ecosystem, Horticultural crops, Depletion, Extinction, Management","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86942038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hydrophile-Lipophile balance (HLB) of bovine mucin was evaluated. Mucin was processed from the small intestine of freshly slaughtered cow via precipitation with chilled acetone, air-drying and pulverization. Series of emulsion were formed with bovine mucin and paraffin oil, in varying ratios, the most stable emulsion with the least creaming level was found to be mucin-oil ratio of 1:9, after a period of 7 days and the HLB value of mucin calculated according to standard methods. The HLB value of mucin was 8.4. These HLB value fell within the range of 8 – 18, that is characteristics of oil-in-water (o/w) emulgents.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF HYDROPHILE-LIPOPHILE BALANCE (HLB) OF BOVINE MUCIN FOR POSSIBLE EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES","authors":"M. Momoh, M. U. Adikwu","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V5I2.48727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V5I2.48727","url":null,"abstract":"The Hydrophile-Lipophile balance (HLB) of bovine mucin was evaluated. Mucin was processed from the small intestine of freshly slaughtered cow via precipitation with chilled acetone, air-drying and pulverization. Series of emulsion were formed with bovine mucin and paraffin oil, in varying ratios, the most stable emulsion with the least creaming level was found to be mucin-oil ratio of 1:9, after a period of 7 days and the HLB value of mucin calculated according to standard methods. The HLB value of mucin was 8.4. These HLB value fell within the range of 8 – 18, that is characteristics of oil-in-water (o/w) emulgents.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82829807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles Ononuju Nwokoye, L. A. Nwuba, Joseph Effiong Eyo
Artificial induce breeding of gravid Heterobranchus bidorsalis was carried out using two hormonal materials – homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones. The study which involved 10 trials was carried out with 60 gravid female and 20 mature male. The broodfish used for the study were 18 months hatchery produced H. bidorsalis. The hormonal treatments led to the following results in terms of percentage weight loss (3.16 and 306%); fertilization rate (9522.77 ± 34813 and 8,857.93± 25557); and hatchability (9,18013± 34337 and 8,476.83 ± 34595) for homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones respectively. The mean numbers of dead eggs were 396.10± 19.15 forhomoplastic hormone injected catfish and 425.53 ± 17.09 for those injected heteroplastic hormone. Recorded deormed of larva were low (35.80 ± 1.11 and 34.27 ± 1.43) respectively for catfish injected homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones. Survival of hatchlings was high (99.61 and 9959 %) for gravid catfish inected homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones respectively. There was no significant difference (P Keywords: Homoplastic and Heteroplastic hormones, Induced spawning, Hatchability, Heterobranchus bidorsalis
{"title":"Studies on the reproductive potential of homoplastic and heteroplastic pituitary hormones in Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1809)","authors":"Charles Ononuju Nwokoye, L. A. Nwuba, Joseph Effiong Eyo","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V5I2.48747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V5I2.48747","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial induce breeding of gravid Heterobranchus bidorsalis was carried out using two hormonal materials – homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones. The study which involved 10 trials was carried out with 60 gravid female and 20 mature male. The broodfish used for the study were 18 months hatchery produced H. bidorsalis. The hormonal treatments led to the following results in terms of percentage weight loss (3.16 and 306%); fertilization rate (9522.77 ± 34813 and 8,857.93± 25557); and hatchability (9,18013± 34337 and 8,476.83 ± 34595) for homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones respectively. The mean numbers of dead eggs were 396.10± 19.15 forhomoplastic hormone injected catfish and 425.53 ± 17.09 for those injected heteroplastic hormone. Recorded deormed of larva were low (35.80 ± 1.11 and 34.27 ± 1.43) respectively for catfish injected homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones. Survival of hatchlings was high (99.61 and 9959 %) for gravid catfish inected homoplastic and heteroplastic hormones respectively. There was no significant difference (P Keywords: Homoplastic and Heteroplastic hormones, Induced spawning, Hatchability, Heterobranchus bidorsalis","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88509472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study of ants associated with two synanthropic environments in Awka was carried out in 2008 using pitfall and bait traps. The study yielded a total of 561 ants with 409 obtained from the hemisynanthrophic environment while 192 ants were collected from the endophilic environment. The percentage occurrence, total distribution and average numbers of trapped individual species of Paratrechina, Acantholepis, Pheidole and Camponotus in the hemisynanthrophic environment are (16.9%, 2,6), (35.3%, 150, 12.5), (40.1%, 170, 14.2) and (7.6%, 23, 2.7) respectively. The percentage occurrence, total ant distribution and average number of trapped species of Acantholepis and Pheidole sp. using honey as bait are (47.19%, 49, 2.3) and (52.9%, 55, 13.8) respectively whereas Paratrechina, Acantholepis and Pheidole sp. shows (43.8%, 21.5, 3), (31.40%, 15, 3.8) and (25%, 12, 3) respectively when sugar was used as bait. The study further reveals different dispersion patterns and degree of variability between species in the hemisynanthrophic environment. Pheidole sp. and Acantholepis were also trapped in high numbers. The paucity in the collection of Paratrechina and Camponotus is possibly suggestive that these species are not attracted to honey baits. The attraction of more Paratrechina species to sugar bait indicated that these species are sugar loving ants.
{"title":"Studies on the environmental implications of ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) associated with two synanthropic environments in Awka, Nigeria","authors":"S. C. Ewuim, Anulika Osondu","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V5I3.48760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V5I3.48760","url":null,"abstract":"A study of ants associated with two synanthropic environments in Awka was carried out in 2008 using pitfall and bait traps. The study yielded a total of 561 ants with 409 obtained from the hemisynanthrophic environment while 192 ants were collected from the endophilic environment. The percentage occurrence, total distribution and average numbers of trapped individual species of Paratrechina, Acantholepis, Pheidole and Camponotus in the hemisynanthrophic environment are (16.9%, 2,6), (35.3%, 150, 12.5), (40.1%, 170, 14.2) and (7.6%, 23, 2.7) respectively. The percentage occurrence, total ant distribution and average number of trapped species of Acantholepis and Pheidole sp. using honey as bait are (47.19%, 49, 2.3) and (52.9%, 55, 13.8) respectively whereas Paratrechina, Acantholepis and Pheidole sp. shows (43.8%, 21.5, 3), (31.40%, 15, 3.8) and (25%, 12, 3) respectively when sugar was used as bait. The study further reveals different dispersion patterns and degree of variability between species in the hemisynanthrophic environment. Pheidole sp. and Acantholepis were also trapped in high numbers. The paucity in the collection of Paratrechina and Camponotus is possibly suggestive that these species are not attracted to honey baits. The attraction of more Paratrechina species to sugar bait indicated that these species are sugar loving ants.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72759849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance response and egg qualities of laying birds fed enzyme supplemented PKC diets as replacement for maize was investigated with 210, 20 week old laying pullets of Dominant Black strain at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria. The birds which just come into lay were randomly allotted into seven dietary groups of 30 each in three replicates. The experiment was conducted for 11 weeks. Dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) affected feed intake, Hen day percent, Egg weight, Feed efficiency (Kg feed: Kg eggs) and cost of feed per egg. Final live weight and body weight gains at end of the experiment were similar (p<0.05) among treatments. On egg qualities, only Haugh unit was significantly (p<0.05) improved with increased level of PKC which appeared to be better as rate of enzyme supplementation increases. The differences observed in the experiment on performance parameters appeared not to have established a consistence trend to strongly assert a conclusion but are indicative of the possibility of replacing maize with PKC in a laying birds diet up to 40 % when supplemented with Hemicell ® enzyme. Other enzyme application methods may be investigated to see if better performance response trend can be achieved.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE RESPONSE AND EGG QUALITIES OF LAYING BIRDS FED ENZYME SUPPLEMENTED PALM KERNEL CAKE (PKC) BASED DIETS","authors":"O. J. Akpodiete","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V5I1.48721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V5I1.48721","url":null,"abstract":"The performance response and egg qualities of laying birds fed enzyme supplemented PKC diets as replacement for maize was investigated with 210, 20 week old laying pullets of Dominant Black strain at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria. The birds which just come into lay were randomly allotted into seven dietary groups of 30 each in three replicates. The experiment was conducted for 11 weeks. Dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) affected feed intake, Hen day percent, Egg weight, Feed efficiency (Kg feed: Kg eggs) and cost of feed per egg. Final live weight and body weight gains at end of the experiment were similar (p<0.05) among treatments. On egg qualities, only Haugh unit was significantly (p<0.05) improved with increased level of PKC which appeared to be better as rate of enzyme supplementation increases. The differences observed in the experiment on performance parameters appeared not to have established a consistence trend to strongly assert a conclusion but are indicative of the possibility of replacing maize with PKC in a laying birds diet up to 40 % when supplemented with Hemicell ® enzyme. Other enzyme application methods may be investigated to see if better performance response trend can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84191693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was conducted in Nsukka senatorial zone of Nigeria to evaluate the use of specific clinical signs/symptoms in the assessment of the endemicity, prevalence and morbidity of Loa loa infection in areas meso-endemic for onchocerciasis, and to evaluate the results in respect of the probability of occurrence of adverse reactions, post-treatment with ivermectin in areas presumed to be hypo-, meso-, and hyper endemic for Loa loa infection and morbidity. Standard questionnaire based on the key clinical manifestations of loiasis were administered and the microfilaraemic levels of respondents determined at both community and individual levels. The results showed that the clinical symptoms/signs were known in all the study communities. Altogether 22.0% of respondents (n=1600) positively indicated having experienced either Loa loa infection and/ or Calabar swelling. Based on the questionnaire indices, an intercommunity prevalence of 21.9% (range 17.50 - 27.50%) was established. An overall community median microfilaraemia (mf) prevalence of 19.4% (range 15.0 - 26.3%) was also recorded. A microfilaraemia prevalence >20% was however established in >35% of the study communities indicating the possibility of adverse reaction after ivermectin administration. More males (n=203, 12.7%) than females (n=109, 6.8%) were microfilaraemic. Linear logistic regression indicated that Loa loa infection was significantly associated with age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.14, p<0.001). The intercommunity mean intensity of microfilarial load varied (range 112 ± 25 – 205 ± 30).The best diagnostic performance was obtained for reported history of L. loa with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.6%.
{"title":"HUMAN LOA LOA (COBBOLD, 1864) (FILAROIDEA: ONCHOCERCIDAE) MORBIDITY DISTRIBUTION IN NORTHERN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL","authors":"N. Ivoke","doi":"10.4314/ARI.V5I1.48711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ARI.V5I1.48711","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was conducted in Nsukka senatorial zone of Nigeria to evaluate the use of specific clinical signs/symptoms in the assessment of the endemicity, prevalence and morbidity of Loa loa infection in areas meso-endemic for onchocerciasis, and to evaluate the results in respect of the probability of occurrence of adverse reactions, post-treatment with ivermectin in areas presumed to be hypo-, meso-, and hyper endemic for Loa loa infection and morbidity. Standard questionnaire based on the key clinical manifestations of loiasis were administered and the microfilaraemic levels of respondents determined at both community and individual levels. The results showed that the clinical symptoms/signs were known in all the study communities. Altogether 22.0% of respondents (n=1600) positively indicated having experienced either Loa loa infection and/ or Calabar swelling. Based on the questionnaire indices, an intercommunity prevalence of 21.9% (range 17.50 - 27.50%) was established. An overall community median microfilaraemia (mf) prevalence of 19.4% (range 15.0 - 26.3%) was also recorded. A microfilaraemia prevalence >20% was however established in >35% of the study communities indicating the possibility of adverse reaction after ivermectin administration. More males (n=203, 12.7%) than females (n=109, 6.8%) were microfilaraemic. Linear logistic regression indicated that Loa loa infection was significantly associated with age (adjusted odds ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.14, p<0.001). The intercommunity mean intensity of microfilarial load varied (range 112 ± 25 – 205 ± 30).The best diagnostic performance was obtained for reported history of L. loa with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.6%.","PeriodicalId":7872,"journal":{"name":"Animal Research International","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88850824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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