Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10128
Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante, E. Ibáñez-Arancibia, F. Ghory, C. Esse
The decapod fauna of Chile’s intertidal shores in inner seas south of 40°S has relatively low diversity because of the presence of low-salinity waters due to river inputs and glacial smelts; nevertheless it is possible that the same decapods species are found as on the northern and central Chilean coast. The aim of the present study was to determine the spatial distribution patterns of lower intertidal decapods on Pelluhuín beach, a small beach south of Puerto Montt, northern Patagonia. Data were obtained by counting individuals from random quadrants in intertidal zones; to the obtained data the variance/mean ratio was applied to determine if the specimens have a random, aggregate or uniform distribution, which are associated with Poisson, negative binomial or positive binomial distributions respectively. Among four of the species observed, a uniform distribution (positive binomial) was reported, and one had an aggregated pattern (negative binomial). The sites correspond to rocky shores in semi-urban zones, and in a protected zone. Our results on the interpretative probabilistic models of aggregated distribution patterns agree with previously reported observations of decapods on the rocky shores of Northern and Central Chile, specifically in interpretative probabilistic models.
{"title":"Spatial distribution of lower intertidal decapods on the northern Patagonian coast (Pelluhuín beach, Puerto Montt, 41°29′S, Chile)","authors":"Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante, E. Ibáñez-Arancibia, F. Ghory, C. Esse","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The decapod fauna of Chile’s intertidal shores in inner seas south of 40°S has relatively low diversity because of the presence of low-salinity waters due to river inputs and glacial smelts; nevertheless it is possible that the same decapods species are found as on the northern and central Chilean coast. The aim of the present study was to determine the spatial distribution patterns of lower intertidal decapods on Pelluhuín beach, a small beach south of Puerto Montt, northern Patagonia. Data were obtained by counting individuals from random quadrants in intertidal zones; to the obtained data the variance/mean ratio was applied to determine if the specimens have a random, aggregate or uniform distribution, which are associated with Poisson, negative binomial or positive binomial distributions respectively. Among four of the species observed, a uniform distribution (positive binomial) was reported, and one had an aggregated pattern (negative binomial). The sites correspond to rocky shores in semi-urban zones, and in a protected zone. Our results on the interpretative probabilistic models of aggregated distribution patterns agree with previously reported observations of decapods on the rocky shores of Northern and Central Chile, specifically in interpretative probabilistic models.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10127
A. Siddiqui, Omkar, Jon Andreja Nuotcla, G. Mishra
Developmental plasticity is a well-known individual survival strategy. Organisms are usually limited in their ability to read environmental cues and to integrate present and past information for optimally adjusting their phenotype to the state of their environment. Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of experimental selection on the ontogenesis of developmental variants under standard laboratory conditions. Developmental plasticity of the ladybird Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is known but experimental evolution studies are still lacking. Our data revealed the effects of selection based on developmental rate over 15 generations. The selection resulted into two variants and showed an elevation of the adult body mass after 15 generations for fast developers. The ratio of the two developmental variants changes according to the applied selective pressure but is bimodal in both (F1 and F15) the generations.
{"title":"An experimental evolution study deciphers differences between the life attributes of developmental variants in Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"A. Siddiqui, Omkar, Jon Andreja Nuotcla, G. Mishra","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Developmental plasticity is a well-known individual survival strategy. Organisms are usually limited in their ability to read environmental cues and to integrate present and past information for optimally adjusting their phenotype to the state of their environment. Our study was designed to evaluate the effects of experimental selection on the ontogenesis of developmental variants under standard laboratory conditions. Developmental plasticity of the ladybird Propylea dissecta (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is known but experimental evolution studies are still lacking. Our data revealed the effects of selection based on developmental rate over 15 generations. The selection resulted into two variants and showed an elevation of the adult body mass after 15 generations for fast developers. The ratio of the two developmental variants changes according to the applied selective pressure but is bimodal in both (F1 and F15) the generations.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10126
Nidhi Garg, Neena Singla, A. Mahal
Urinary signals play an important role in communication between the individuals of the same species. The present study observed the response of mature male and female Rattus rattus towards conspecific natural urine of the same and the opposite sex. Responses to urine signals were determined based on food consumption on the treated and untreated sides of the cage. Mature male rats consumed significantly more food when treated with the urine of grouped mature female rats and female rats in the oestrous, pro-oestrous, di-oestrous, metoestrous, and lactation stages, while significantly low food consumption was observed in male rats in response to the urine of individual and grouped mature male rats, indicating strong attraction to the urine of the opposite sex and strong repulsion towards urine of the same sex. Similar observations were confirmed in bi-choice and multichoice maze experiments. Male rats did not show any significant response towards the urine of pregnant females. Under simulated store conditions, repulsion towards urine of the same sex was shown up to six days of exposure while the attraction towards the urine of the opposite sex was shown up to three days of exposure. Under simulated field conditions, the repulsive effect towards urine of the same sex remained for 9-13 days and the attractant effect to the urine of the opposite sex remained for all 15 days of the experiment. The study thus indicates that the reproductive condition of rats influences the communicative signals they produce as well as their own responses to conspecific signals of the same and the opposite sex.
{"title":"Repulsive and attractive response of mature Rattus rattus towards conspecific natural urinary signals of the same and the opposite sex","authors":"Nidhi Garg, Neena Singla, A. Mahal","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Urinary signals play an important role in communication between the individuals of the same species. The present study observed the response of mature male and female Rattus rattus towards conspecific natural urine of the same and the opposite sex. Responses to urine signals were determined based on food consumption on the treated and untreated sides of the cage. Mature male rats consumed significantly more food when treated with the urine of grouped mature female rats and female rats in the oestrous, pro-oestrous, di-oestrous, metoestrous, and lactation stages, while significantly low food consumption was observed in male rats in response to the urine of individual and grouped mature male rats, indicating strong attraction to the urine of the opposite sex and strong repulsion towards urine of the same sex. Similar observations were confirmed in bi-choice and multichoice maze experiments. Male rats did not show any significant response towards the urine of pregnant females. Under simulated store conditions, repulsion towards urine of the same sex was shown up to six days of exposure while the attraction towards the urine of the opposite sex was shown up to three days of exposure. Under simulated field conditions, the repulsive effect towards urine of the same sex remained for 9-13 days and the attractant effect to the urine of the opposite sex remained for all 15 days of the experiment. The study thus indicates that the reproductive condition of rats influences the communicative signals they produce as well as their own responses to conspecific signals of the same and the opposite sex.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10125
Vukica D. Vujić, Bojan S. Ilić, Z. Jovanović, Jelena Milovanović, B. Dudić, L. Lučić, S. Pavković‐Lučić
Foraging behaviour, determined by both internal and external factors, requires investment of time and energy. Optimizing the nutritional decisions also influences efficiency during the feeding process and fitness. Feeding behaviour has been poorly investigated in millipedes. Hence, the aims of this study were to test food choice and to explore intra- and interpopulation variability in several sequences of feeding behaviour in millipede Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 under laboratory conditions. Individuals of G. hexasticha and leaf litter were collected from three populations within Belgrade, Serbia. A feeding experiment was conducted using a cross-shaped experimental maze with oak leaves, small-leaved linden leaves, and moss as potential food sources. The individuals most often chose oak leaves, subsequently moss, while linden leaves were the least preferred. Sexual dimorphism was detected only for the average time spent in maze arms that contained food items in the Ada New Belgrade population and the Hyde Park population. Intrapopulation differences that depended on feeding status and interpopulation differences in some behavioural sequences were detected. We assume that sexual dimorphism in most of the analysed behavioural traits was not detected, because both sexes had to satisfy basic nutritive requirements after the same starvation period. However, research timing may be responsible, at least partially, for the obtained results. Repeating experiments in different periods of the year or using more fresh food or food sources in different phases of the decomposition may give different results. Further, in our experimental design, some unknown preference towards particular maze arms could not be completely excluded.
{"title":"Feeding behaviour and food choice in three populations of the millipede Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 (Diplopoda: Glomerida: Glomeridae): intra- and interpopulation laboratory study","authors":"Vukica D. Vujić, Bojan S. Ilić, Z. Jovanović, Jelena Milovanović, B. Dudić, L. Lučić, S. Pavković‐Lučić","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Foraging behaviour, determined by both internal and external factors, requires investment of time and energy. Optimizing the nutritional decisions also influences efficiency during the feeding process and fitness. Feeding behaviour has been poorly investigated in millipedes. Hence, the aims of this study were to test food choice and to explore intra- and interpopulation variability in several sequences of feeding behaviour in millipede Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833 under laboratory conditions. Individuals of G. hexasticha and leaf litter were collected from three populations within Belgrade, Serbia. A feeding experiment was conducted using a cross-shaped experimental maze with oak leaves, small-leaved linden leaves, and moss as potential food sources. The individuals most often chose oak leaves, subsequently moss, while linden leaves were the least preferred. Sexual dimorphism was detected only for the average time spent in maze arms that contained food items in the Ada New Belgrade population and the Hyde Park population. Intrapopulation differences that depended on feeding status and interpopulation differences in some behavioural sequences were detected. We assume that sexual dimorphism in most of the analysed behavioural traits was not detected, because both sexes had to satisfy basic nutritive requirements after the same starvation period. However, research timing may be responsible, at least partially, for the obtained results. Repeating experiments in different periods of the year or using more fresh food or food sources in different phases of the decomposition may give different results. Further, in our experimental design, some unknown preference towards particular maze arms could not be completely excluded.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10124
Kerstin B. Hikel, M. Peters, Jabu Linden, Birthe Linden
Seed dispersal influences the survival and distribution of plant species and is an important mechanism for maintaining floristic diversity. Bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) are large mammals of indigenous forests and well-wooded areas of eastern and southern Africa and may play an important role as seed dispersers. However, the diversity of fruits consumed and the effect of digestion on seeds remains poorly understood. This study was conducted from October 2018 to January 2019 and gives first insights into seed dispersal by bushpigs in the Soutpansberg Mountain range, South Africa. Here, we collected bushpig faeces and assessed the number of seeds and seed species found. Furthermore, germination experiments with digested and nondigested seeds and fruits were conducted. Our results show that bushpigs are omnivorous, consuming fruits and seeds of 126 different plant species. The proportion of seeds per plant species found in faeces was unhomogeneously distributed with a few hyperabundant species, in particular Searsia chirindensis (55%). The germination experiments showed that gut passage did, overall, not influence germination or seedling growth rates. However, seeds remaining within fruits showed reduced growth, pointing to a high importance of fruit consumption for seed fate. Our results suggest that bushpigs are major seed dispersers of a large variety of fruiting plant species in wooded areas of Africa.
{"title":"The role of bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) as seed dispersers in indigenous forests in the Soutpansberg Mountain range, South Africa","authors":"Kerstin B. Hikel, M. Peters, Jabu Linden, Birthe Linden","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Seed dispersal influences the survival and distribution of plant species and is an important mechanism for maintaining floristic diversity. Bushpigs (Potamochoerus larvatus) are large mammals of indigenous forests and well-wooded areas of eastern and southern Africa and may play an important role as seed dispersers. However, the diversity of fruits consumed and the effect of digestion on seeds remains poorly understood. This study was conducted from October 2018 to January 2019 and gives first insights into seed dispersal by bushpigs in the Soutpansberg Mountain range, South Africa. Here, we collected bushpig faeces and assessed the number of seeds and seed species found. Furthermore, germination experiments with digested and nondigested seeds and fruits were conducted. Our results show that bushpigs are omnivorous, consuming fruits and seeds of 126 different plant species. The proportion of seeds per plant species found in faeces was unhomogeneously distributed with a few hyperabundant species, in particular Searsia chirindensis (55%). The germination experiments showed that gut passage did, overall, not influence germination or seedling growth rates. However, seeds remaining within fruits showed reduced growth, pointing to a high importance of fruit consumption for seed fate. Our results suggest that bushpigs are major seed dispersers of a large variety of fruiting plant species in wooded areas of Africa.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10117
Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante, Rodolfo Wilson, Carlos Esse
Abstract The Andes mountains in northern Chile have numerous small permanent and intermittent streams that are poorly studied; among the most reported species are amphipods of the genus Hyalella , specifically H. fossamanchini and H. kochi . The aim of the present study was to do a first characterization of populations of both amphipod species in a small stream (Caspana, 23°S; 3200 m a.s.l.), that was visited in September 2022. The first results using a Kruskall-Wallis nonparametric test revealed that the abundances of both species and unidentified juveniles were not significantly different in a comparison of two sites, whereas a Mann-Wittney nonparametric U test gave similar results when each species and juveniles were compared between sites. The results of variance/mean ratio revealed the existence of an aggregated pattern, and a negative binomial distribution for all samples. The occurrence of an aggregated pattern and the consequent negative binomial distribution is a very frequent pattern for inland water invertebrates in Chilean rivers.
智利北部的安第斯山脉有许多小的永久性和间歇性溪流，研究很少;在报告最多的物种中，有片脚类的透明藻属，特别是H. fossamanchini和H. kochi。本研究的目的是首次对卡斯帕纳河(Caspana, 23°S;3200 m a.s.l.)，于2022年9月访问。采用Kruskall-Wallis非参数检验的第一个结果显示，在两个地点的比较中，物种和未确定的幼鱼的丰度没有显著差异，而Mann-Wittney非参数U检验在不同地点的比较中，每个物种和幼鱼的丰度结果相似。方差/平均比的结果显示，所有样本都存在聚集模式，并且所有样本都存在负二项分布。在智利的河流中，内陆水域无脊椎动物经常出现聚集模式和随之而来的负二项分布。
{"title":"Probabilistic models for understanding inland amphipods water population abundances in Andean stream (Caspana, 23°S, Antofagasta region, Chile)","authors":"Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante, Rodolfo Wilson, Carlos Esse","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Andes mountains in northern Chile have numerous small permanent and intermittent streams that are poorly studied; among the most reported species are amphipods of the genus Hyalella , specifically H. fossamanchini and H. kochi . The aim of the present study was to do a first characterization of populations of both amphipod species in a small stream (Caspana, 23°S; 3200 m a.s.l.), that was visited in September 2022. The first results using a Kruskall-Wallis nonparametric test revealed that the abundances of both species and unidentified juveniles were not significantly different in a comparison of two sites, whereas a Mann-Wittney nonparametric U test gave similar results when each species and juveniles were compared between sites. The results of variance/mean ratio revealed the existence of an aggregated pattern, and a negative binomial distribution for all samples. The occurrence of an aggregated pattern and the consequent negative binomial distribution is a very frequent pattern for inland water invertebrates in Chilean rivers.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10118
Jessica E. Rettig, Margaret Surace, Kyle D. Rose, Andrew J. Baird, Zachary D. Baker, Geoffrey R. Smith
Abstract Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis , have been introduced around the world, and can affect native fish through competition and predation. The diet of G. affinis may therefore determine the extent of their interactions with native species. We examined stomach contents of G. affinis from two ponds in central Ohio in 2010, 2015, and 2016. In Olde Minnow Pond, we collected diet data before and after the introduction of the native sunfish, Lepomis megalotis , in 2014. We also collected data for G. affinis for the same period in Wood Duck Pond that has contained G. affinis and Lepomis macrochirus for years prior to the study period. The most important prey were zooplankton, especially Chydorus sp. and Alona sp. Aquatic insects, especially chironomid larvae, were often found in stomachs, with their importance varying by year. The relative consumption of zooplankton increased dramatically in G. affinis , especially females, in Olde Minnow Pond from 2010 to 2015 but then dropped in 2016. In addition, the relative consumption of aquatic insects increased in Olde Minnow Pond after the arrival of L. megalotis compared to 2010. In contrast, the diets of G. affinis in Wood Duck Pond remained relatively similar across the study period. Male and female G. affinis in Olde Minnow Pond had different diets, whereas the diets of males and females in Wood Duck Pond were generally similar. In conclusion, the results of this natural experiment provide circumstantial evidence that the arrival of L. megalotis in Olde Minnow Pond affected the diet of G. affinis .
{"title":"Variation in the diets of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in two ponds: effects of time and coexistence with centrarchid fishes","authors":"Jessica E. Rettig, Margaret Surace, Kyle D. Rose, Andrew J. Baird, Zachary D. Baker, Geoffrey R. Smith","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis , have been introduced around the world, and can affect native fish through competition and predation. The diet of G. affinis may therefore determine the extent of their interactions with native species. We examined stomach contents of G. affinis from two ponds in central Ohio in 2010, 2015, and 2016. In Olde Minnow Pond, we collected diet data before and after the introduction of the native sunfish, Lepomis megalotis , in 2014. We also collected data for G. affinis for the same period in Wood Duck Pond that has contained G. affinis and Lepomis macrochirus for years prior to the study period. The most important prey were zooplankton, especially Chydorus sp. and Alona sp. Aquatic insects, especially chironomid larvae, were often found in stomachs, with their importance varying by year. The relative consumption of zooplankton increased dramatically in G. affinis , especially females, in Olde Minnow Pond from 2010 to 2015 but then dropped in 2016. In addition, the relative consumption of aquatic insects increased in Olde Minnow Pond after the arrival of L. megalotis compared to 2010. In contrast, the diets of G. affinis in Wood Duck Pond remained relatively similar across the study period. Male and female G. affinis in Olde Minnow Pond had different diets, whereas the diets of males and females in Wood Duck Pond were generally similar. In conclusion, the results of this natural experiment provide circumstantial evidence that the arrival of L. megalotis in Olde Minnow Pond affected the diet of G. affinis .","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10121
Ana Carla Soares-Silva, Erminda da Conceição Guerreiro Couto, Fabrício Lopes Carvalho
Abstract Individuals and populations can display variations in distinct aspects of their life histories, which could be reflected in their morphological characteristics. This study analyzed the mouthpart morphology of the crab Goniopsis cruentata in relation to environment, sex and stage of development. Our results indicate differences in the number of setae between developmental stages and environments, as well as the interaction between developmental stages and environments. There were no differences in setae types between stages, sexes or environments. There were differences in the shape of the ischium between adults and juveniles, with a more homogeneous ischium in juveniles than adults. We also found differences in food content between developmental stages, as well as an interaction between developmental stages and environment. Our results support an association between diet and morphology of mouthparts in G. cruentata , and that these apparatuses vary according to ontogenetic development and the environmental conditions that species are exposed to. These associations should be considered in studies that use these characteristics to verify morphological responses to environmental variations.
{"title":"Mouthparts of the crab Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille, 1803) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsidae): morphological variations associated with environment, sex and stage of development","authors":"Ana Carla Soares-Silva, Erminda da Conceição Guerreiro Couto, Fabrício Lopes Carvalho","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Individuals and populations can display variations in distinct aspects of their life histories, which could be reflected in their morphological characteristics. This study analyzed the mouthpart morphology of the crab Goniopsis cruentata in relation to environment, sex and stage of development. Our results indicate differences in the number of setae between developmental stages and environments, as well as the interaction between developmental stages and environments. There were no differences in setae types between stages, sexes or environments. There were differences in the shape of the ischium between adults and juveniles, with a more homogeneous ischium in juveniles than adults. We also found differences in food content between developmental stages, as well as an interaction between developmental stages and environment. Our results support an association between diet and morphology of mouthparts in G. cruentata , and that these apparatuses vary according to ontogenetic development and the environmental conditions that species are exposed to. These associations should be considered in studies that use these characteristics to verify morphological responses to environmental variations.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10123
Yusif Shukurlu, Madina Sharifova
Abstract The aim of this work is to use the biotechnological method of silkworm sex regulation as a breeding method. For this purpose, butterflies were mated immediately after their emergence in a chamber with a constant magnetic field for 4 h. By studying the natural fertilization of the Sheki-2 silkworm in a constant magnetic field, it was possible to change the natural sex ratio of the offspring from 1:1 to 1:3 in favour of males. A direct positive correlation was observed between the magnetic field strength and an increase in the number of males in the offspring, with the maximum number of males observed at a strength of 729.7 kA/m. The developed mathematical model made it possible to calculate the activation coefficient of magnetic fields influencing the cytogenetic process in the silkworm, which was 4.02 × 10 −3 kA/m. An attempt was also made to explain the mechanism behind the cytogenetic influence of a constant magnetic field on possible options for obtaining males during the natural fertilization of silkworm females. Implementation of the developed method in the breeding programme will enhance both the quantity and quality of silkworm productivity. This is achieved by increasing silk yield and improvement of the raw materials obtained from the males. If these positive outcomes are consistently observed in other silkworm breeds, this method has the potential to become widely adopted for large-scale breeding of the entire silkworm population in the country.
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