Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10104
Neha Kunjwal, Mohammad Sarfraz Khan
Studies conducted on the fitness of types of trap nests for Megachile bees showed that six species, viz. Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes, Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata, Megachile (Callomegachile) relata, Megachile (Eutricharaea) studiosella and Megachile (Callomegachile) umbripennis nested in tunnels (5-10 mm diameter), provided in different forms (drilled tunnels in bee nesting posts and wooden logs, and hollowed tunnels in bamboo sticks and reed stems). Nesting biology studies for three callomegachid bees, M. cephalotes, M. disjuncta and M. umbripennis, revealed that they nest in tunnels of similar length (; ) and diameter (; ). The cell walls and cell partitions were significantly different among the three species. The M. cephalotes females used resin to build their brood cells leaving an empty space. Megachile disjuncta females constructed their brood cells without leaving any basal space using resin as well as other materials in different combinations. In M. umbripennis, we recognized two distinct types of nests. One, similar to those of the two other resin bees usually having cylindrical or tubiform brood cells, and a second having only oval cells scattered all over in the nesting tunnel. The structural details of their nests exhibited several common features but also showed intraspecific and interspecific variations. This study provides new information on nesting details for these bees including their nest structure, brood development and adult emergence pattern for two different generations, which would be valuable in understanding the ecology of the diverse group of Megachile bees.
{"title":"Trap nesting bees of genus Megachile and nesting biology of three species of subgenus Callomegachile (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae) from North India","authors":"Neha Kunjwal, Mohammad Sarfraz Khan","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Studies conducted on the fitness of types of trap nests for Megachile bees showed that six species, viz. Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes, Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata, Megachile (Callomegachile) relata, Megachile (Eutricharaea) studiosella and Megachile (Callomegachile) umbripennis nested in tunnels (5-10 mm diameter), provided in different forms (drilled tunnels in bee nesting posts and wooden logs, and hollowed tunnels in bamboo sticks and reed stems). Nesting biology studies for three callomegachid bees, M. cephalotes, M. disjuncta and M. umbripennis, revealed that they nest in tunnels of similar length (; ) and diameter (; ). The cell walls and cell partitions were significantly different among the three species. The M. cephalotes females used resin to build their brood cells leaving an empty space. Megachile disjuncta females constructed their brood cells without leaving any basal space using resin as well as other materials in different combinations. In M. umbripennis, we recognized two distinct types of nests. One, similar to those of the two other resin bees usually having cylindrical or tubiform brood cells, and a second having only oval cells scattered all over in the nesting tunnel. The structural details of their nests exhibited several common features but also showed intraspecific and interspecific variations. This study provides new information on nesting details for these bees including their nest structure, brood development and adult emergence pattern for two different generations, which would be valuable in understanding the ecology of the diverse group of Megachile bees.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48953489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-20DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10102
D. Nandhini, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh, C. Kalleshwaraswamy, K. Satish, H. G. Sannathimmappa
The biology of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on various plant parts was studied under laboratory conditions. The hosts used were maize cob, maize leaves, sorghum leaves, cowpea leaves, castor leaves, banana leaves and marigold flowers. Differences were observed across the hosts with respect to the growth and development of FAW. The shortest larval duration was found in larvae that consumed maize cob, but marigold flowers increased the larval duration. The pupal duration did not differ between hosts, but the pupal weight was greatest when reared on castor leaves. Fecundity, hatchability and survivability were recorded highest when reared on maize leaves, followed by maize cob. Therefore, maize cob was the best suited host of FAW, helping in the completion of the life cycle within a short duration with higher fecundity.
{"title":"Effect of host plants on the biology and nutritional indices of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"D. Nandhini, Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh, C. Kalleshwaraswamy, K. Satish, H. G. Sannathimmappa","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The biology of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on various plant parts was studied under laboratory conditions. The hosts used were maize cob, maize leaves, sorghum leaves, cowpea leaves, castor leaves, banana leaves and marigold flowers. Differences were observed across the hosts with respect to the growth and development of FAW. The shortest larval duration was found in larvae that consumed maize cob, but marigold flowers increased the larval duration. The pupal duration did not differ between hosts, but the pupal weight was greatest when reared on castor leaves. Fecundity, hatchability and survivability were recorded highest when reared on maize leaves, followed by maize cob. Therefore, maize cob was the best suited host of FAW, helping in the completion of the life cycle within a short duration with higher fecundity.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10103
V. Shah, R. Pande, P. Verma, T. Prabhulinga, T. Madhu, N. Gokte-Narkhedkar, V. N. Waghmare
Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) originates from South Asia and has spread across major cotton-growing regions. The pest is considered to be the most destructive and of economic concern across the globe. In India, the pest has developed resistance to dual Bt toxins and its concealed feeding nature makes the target sites almost inaccessible for the insecticide. In view of this issue, there is need to identify a suitable alternative for its management. In this context, semiochemicals serve as one of the best eco-friendly options. These chemical substances or mixtures broadcast messages for the purpose of communication. Semiochemicals may be released from eggs, faecal pellets, tarsal segments, scales, anal tufts and/or any insect components that reduce the intra/interspecific competition for shared resources such as food, mating, oviposition site etc. Accurate identification of the semiochemical compounds and their proportion in natural blends that arouse a strong behavioural response in insects, requires a thorough knowledge. Therefore in the present study, we tried to explore the chemicals present in eggs, faecal pellets and whole-body wash extracts of mated female. Seven compounds were identified from a methanolic extract of faecal-pellet samples, namely hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and their methyl esters along with methyl stearate. However, only four methyl-esterified forms were found in common in eggs and female body wash extract. This clearly shows that the compounds remain constant and conserved for the species but the role of these compounds needs to be demonstrated.
{"title":"Fatty acids for insect species remain constant: A case study of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)","authors":"V. Shah, R. Pande, P. Verma, T. Prabhulinga, T. Madhu, N. Gokte-Narkhedkar, V. N. Waghmare","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) originates from South Asia and has spread across major cotton-growing regions. The pest is considered to be the most destructive and of economic concern across the globe. In India, the pest has developed resistance to dual Bt toxins and its concealed feeding nature makes the target sites almost inaccessible for the insecticide. In view of this issue, there is need to identify a suitable alternative for its management. In this context, semiochemicals serve as one of the best eco-friendly options. These chemical substances or mixtures broadcast messages for the purpose of communication. Semiochemicals may be released from eggs, faecal pellets, tarsal segments, scales, anal tufts and/or any insect components that reduce the intra/interspecific competition for shared resources such as food, mating, oviposition site etc. Accurate identification of the semiochemical compounds and their proportion in natural blends that arouse a strong behavioural response in insects, requires a thorough knowledge. Therefore in the present study, we tried to explore the chemicals present in eggs, faecal pellets and whole-body wash extracts of mated female. Seven compounds were identified from a methanolic extract of faecal-pellet samples, namely hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid and their methyl esters along with methyl stearate. However, only four methyl-esterified forms were found in common in eggs and female body wash extract. This clearly shows that the compounds remain constant and conserved for the species but the role of these compounds needs to be demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43076173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10100
Angie Carolina Campos-Rentería, A. Rodríguez-Tobón, A. Salame-Méndez, M. León-Galván, E. Arenas-Ríos
Female Corynorhinus mexicanus bats store sperm for three months. One cause of the death of sperm is the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Three antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) – regulate the REDOX state of the environment in which gametes are stored. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant enzymatic activity in female genital fluid during the period of sperm storage (October-December). The activity of the enzymes in the female bats’ genital fluid was determined by spectrophotometry. SOD activity was 20 USOD/ml/min in each month. Total GPX activity was 70 UGPX/ml/min in October, but increased in November and December to 145 UGPX/ml/min. Specific CAT activity was 2000 UK/ml/min in October, but in November it increased to 16 000 UK/ml/min, then to 32 000 UK/ml/min in December. The ROS fluorescence indices in the sperm ranged from 3000 to 8000 with no significant differences. These data show that antioxidant enzymes participate in the maintenance of sperm viability in the female reproductive tract of C. mexicanus.
{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes in the female genital fluid of the bat Corynorhinus mexicanus during sperm storage","authors":"Angie Carolina Campos-Rentería, A. Rodríguez-Tobón, A. Salame-Méndez, M. León-Galván, E. Arenas-Ríos","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Female Corynorhinus mexicanus bats store sperm for three months. One cause of the death of sperm is the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Three antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) – regulate the REDOX state of the environment in which gametes are stored. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant enzymatic activity in female genital fluid during the period of sperm storage (October-December). The activity of the enzymes in the female bats’ genital fluid was determined by spectrophotometry. SOD activity was 20 USOD/ml/min in each month. Total GPX activity was 70 UGPX/ml/min in October, but increased in November and December to 145 UGPX/ml/min. Specific CAT activity was 2000 UK/ml/min in October, but in November it increased to 16 000 UK/ml/min, then to 32 000 UK/ml/min in December. The ROS fluorescence indices in the sperm ranged from 3000 to 8000 with no significant differences. These data show that antioxidant enzymes participate in the maintenance of sperm viability in the female reproductive tract of C. mexicanus.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43331640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10101
Glaucilane dos Santos Cruz, V. W. Teixeira, Maria Clara da Nóbrega Ferreira, H. N. da Costa, Ismaela Maria Ferreira de Melo, C. Guedes, L. D. V. Filho, C. J. Neto, Á. Teixeira
Growth-regulating insecticides are used for several cotton pests when immature, and although not registered for Anthonomus grandis, their use causes a satisfactory population reduction in adults. However, it is not known which mechanisms are involved in this reduction. Thus, we studied which tissue and cellular changes may be involved in this process. Adults were fed with flower buds treated with lufenuron (4 ml commercial product /l) for 24 h. Then, the histology of the gonads, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated after periods of 24 h and 48 h. Our study revealed that lufenuron activates the oxidative stress pathway in A. grandis, causing significant changes at the cellular level. These changes may have been caused by stimulation of the production of oxygen ions, free radicals and hydrogen peroxides, resulting in an increase in lipid peroxidation 48 h after treatment. These effects were confirmed by the presence of histopathologies in the gonads of this pest such as disorganization of the follicular cell epithelium, reduction of the yolk, disappearance of the germinal vesicle, reduction of sperm bundles and cysts. Such alterations injured the gonads and impaired tissue homeostasis. It is concluded that together these factors lead to a desirable population reduction when it comes to managing the pest in the field, because the aim is to keep it below the control level. In addition to this desired effect, it is worth noting that lufenuron is safer when compared to other commonly used products, another feature that makes its use quite interesting.
{"title":"Cellular mechanisms of the lufenuron growth regulator in adults of Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","authors":"Glaucilane dos Santos Cruz, V. W. Teixeira, Maria Clara da Nóbrega Ferreira, H. N. da Costa, Ismaela Maria Ferreira de Melo, C. Guedes, L. D. V. Filho, C. J. Neto, Á. Teixeira","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Growth-regulating insecticides are used for several cotton pests when immature, and although not registered for Anthonomus grandis, their use causes a satisfactory population reduction in adults. However, it is not known which mechanisms are involved in this reduction. Thus, we studied which tissue and cellular changes may be involved in this process. Adults were fed with flower buds treated with lufenuron (4 ml commercial product /l) for 24 h. Then, the histology of the gonads, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated after periods of 24 h and 48 h. Our study revealed that lufenuron activates the oxidative stress pathway in A. grandis, causing significant changes at the cellular level. These changes may have been caused by stimulation of the production of oxygen ions, free radicals and hydrogen peroxides, resulting in an increase in lipid peroxidation 48 h after treatment. These effects were confirmed by the presence of histopathologies in the gonads of this pest such as disorganization of the follicular cell epithelium, reduction of the yolk, disappearance of the germinal vesicle, reduction of sperm bundles and cysts. Such alterations injured the gonads and impaired tissue homeostasis. It is concluded that together these factors lead to a desirable population reduction when it comes to managing the pest in the field, because the aim is to keep it below the control level. In addition to this desired effect, it is worth noting that lufenuron is safer when compared to other commonly used products, another feature that makes its use quite interesting.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43597455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10098
Kubilay Duymaz, V. Aksoy
In the present study, we tested associative olfactory learning performance of the ant Formica clara in laboratory conditions based on their MaLER responses. Ants were harnessed with the help of a paper-made holder and conditioned in two groups by forward pairing either limonene or eugenol (conditioned stimuli – CS) with a reward (unconditioned stimulus – US). After conditioning, memory tests were performed for each CS 15, 60 and 90 minutes following the conditioning in the absence of US. A further test was performed for each group with the CS of the other group to see if the ants showed an odor generalization. The frequencies of MaLER-positive responses during tests were used as indication of learning performance. Ants learned the association between the CS and US during conditioning for both odors and showed initially significant and gradually decreasing MaLER-positive responses during tests. The results showed that conditioning to the odors was absolute and no generalization was observed. We conclude that associative learning is a universal strategy for ants to adjust their behaviors to environmental changes around them and the MaLER technique is a powerful and easy to apply technique to test learning and memory capacities in ants.
{"title":"A test of associative olfactory learning in the ant Formica clara (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); the power of a MaLER-based conditioning protocol","authors":"Kubilay Duymaz, V. Aksoy","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In the present study, we tested associative olfactory learning performance of the ant Formica clara in laboratory conditions based on their MaLER responses. Ants were harnessed with the help of a paper-made holder and conditioned in two groups by forward pairing either limonene or eugenol (conditioned stimuli – CS) with a reward (unconditioned stimulus – US). After conditioning, memory tests were performed for each CS 15, 60 and 90 minutes following the conditioning in the absence of US. A further test was performed for each group with the CS of the other group to see if the ants showed an odor generalization. The frequencies of MaLER-positive responses during tests were used as indication of learning performance. Ants learned the association between the CS and US during conditioning for both odors and showed initially significant and gradually decreasing MaLER-positive responses during tests. The results showed that conditioning to the odors was absolute and no generalization was observed. We conclude that associative learning is a universal strategy for ants to adjust their behaviors to environmental changes around them and the MaLER technique is a powerful and easy to apply technique to test learning and memory capacities in ants.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44692754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10099
P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante, C. Esse, C. Stella, P. Adikesavan, O. Zúñiga
The intertidal invertebrate community on rocky shores in northern Chile is characterised by a high species richness resulting from the high productivity of this ecosystem. The present study aims to do the first characterisation of invertebrate communities on rocky shores in Antofagasta town and surroundings (23°S), using species co-occurrence and niche-sharing null models, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The null model results revealed that species associations are not structured, that the existing species do not have the same ecology, which would result in many repeated species by site, and that specificity in their ecological niches exists. The ANOSIM and NMDS revealed the absence of significant differences between sites with human intervention and without human intervention. The obtained results agree with the literature for northern and central Chilean and southern Peruvian rocky shores, and other coastal marine ecosystems with high productivity.
{"title":"Null and neutral models for explaining spatial variations in intertidal invertebrate species diversity on rocky shores in Antofagasta town (23°S, Chile)","authors":"P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante, C. Esse, C. Stella, P. Adikesavan, O. Zúñiga","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The intertidal invertebrate community on rocky shores in northern Chile is characterised by a high species richness resulting from the high productivity of this ecosystem. The present study aims to do the first characterisation of invertebrate communities on rocky shores in Antofagasta town and surroundings (23°S), using species co-occurrence and niche-sharing null models, analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The null model results revealed that species associations are not structured, that the existing species do not have the same ecology, which would result in many repeated species by site, and that specificity in their ecological niches exists. The ANOSIM and NMDS revealed the absence of significant differences between sites with human intervention and without human intervention. The obtained results agree with the literature for northern and central Chilean and southern Peruvian rocky shores, and other coastal marine ecosystems with high productivity.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47335513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10097
P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante, Á. Contreras, G. Lara, M. Latsague, C. Esse
The Chilean north Patagonian lakes are characterized by their marked oligotrophic or oligomesotrophic status and low abundance of zooplankton species; many of the lakes with oligomesotrophic status are associated with human intervention due to towns on their shores. The aim of the present study was to determine the relations between spectral properties (LANDSAT OLI), chlorophyll and plankton abundances in two north Patagonian lakes: Villarrica, which has two towns on its shores, and Lake Caburgua, which has native forest on its shores. The results revealed that Lake Villarrica has high reflectance in the near infrared, red and green bands, high concentrations of chlorophyll a, the absence of mixotrophic protozoa, and a high abundance of bacterial and plankton, mainly phytoplankton (Chlophyceae and diatoms) and zooplankton. Lake Caburgua, on the other hand, has low reflectance in the same bands, and low chlorophyll concentrations, low bacterial and zooplankton abundances, with the exception of high mixotrophic ciliates and small phytoplankton, and Volvox colonies. The obtained results agree with limnological observations on both lakes, and observations agrees with similar observations of the spectral properties of glacial north Patagonian lakes and of the zooplankton community, and in this scenario, the use of remote-sensing techniques would be a good tool to predict the plankton community in Patagonian lakes.
{"title":"Associations between spectral properties, bacteriological characteristics, chlorophyll and zooplankton communities in two north Patagonian lakes","authors":"P. R. De los Ríos-Escalante, Á. Contreras, G. Lara, M. Latsague, C. Esse","doi":"10.1163/15707563-bja10097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-bja10097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Chilean north Patagonian lakes are characterized by their marked oligotrophic or oligomesotrophic status and low abundance of zooplankton species; many of the lakes with oligomesotrophic status are associated with human intervention due to towns on their shores. The aim of the present study was to determine the relations between spectral properties (LANDSAT OLI), chlorophyll and plankton abundances in two north Patagonian lakes: Villarrica, which has two towns on its shores, and Lake Caburgua, which has native forest on its shores. The results revealed that Lake Villarrica has high reflectance in the near infrared, red and green bands, high concentrations of chlorophyll a, the absence of mixotrophic protozoa, and a high abundance of bacterial and plankton, mainly phytoplankton (Chlophyceae and diatoms) and zooplankton. Lake Caburgua, on the other hand, has low reflectance in the same bands, and low chlorophyll concentrations, low bacterial and zooplankton abundances, with the exception of high mixotrophic ciliates and small phytoplankton, and Volvox colonies. The obtained results agree with limnological observations on both lakes, and observations agrees with similar observations of the spectral properties of glacial north Patagonian lakes and of the zooplankton community, and in this scenario, the use of remote-sensing techniques would be a good tool to predict the plankton community in Patagonian lakes.","PeriodicalId":7876,"journal":{"name":"Animal Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10095
Madhu T N, Rishi Kumar, V. C. Naik, T. Prabhulinga, S. Santosh, N. Chandrashekar, P. Verma
Leaf hopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci are the most economical sucking pests of cotton (Gossypium spp.) causing stunting, shortening of internodes and transmitting plant pathogenic viruses. The management of these pests is primarily based on application of synthetic pesticides, which not only triggers resistance to insecticide molecules but also contributes to environmental pollution. We aimed to study the attraction of A. biguttula and B. tabaci toward six natural essential oils (NEOs) viz., sandalwood, basil, grapefruit, rose, clove and mint oils using yellow sticky traps under field conditions. The results showed that traps treated with sandalwood and basil oils attract significant numbers of A. biguttula and B. tabaci as compared to the other traps during the seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Further, the Attractive Index (AI) of sandalwood and basil oils to these pests were significantly higher (i.e., >1). In addition, the traps treated with sandalwood and basil oils caught relatively lower numbers of natural enemies. The GC-MS analysis specified the presence of vital attractive volatile compounds, viz., santalene, funebrene and pentadecane in sandalwood; and linalool, β-farnesene, caryophyllene and methyl eugenol in basil oil. Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that application of sandalwood and basil oils increased the attracting efficacy of sticky traps for the management of A. biguttula and B. tabaci in cotton.
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