Pub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107992
Camilo A.G. González , Ricardo J.G. Pereira , Allana Lais Alves Lima , Regiane F. Feitosa , Bruno S. Godoy , Sheyla F.S. Domingues
Effective captive breeding programs are essential for conserving threatened avian species. This study aimed to describe the breeding performance of a captive population of scarlet ibis over a three-year period (2022, 2023, and 2024). The breeding season varied between July and January over the three years. Both males and females began forming breeding pairs as early as two years old, with the oldest pairing ages being 20 years for males and 12 years for females. Higher enclosure densities appeared to improve laying rates and encourage earlier laying, while a 1:1 male-to-female ratio facilitated effective pair formation with minimal aggression. Egg removal led to an average of 7.6 ± 2.7 replacement lays per female. Advancement of the laying season was significantly associated with increased initial egg weight for Dezember (p < 0.01). The median daily weight loss during incubation was 0.7 % (tau = 0.5), while the mean weight loss on day 21 was 19 ± 2 %. The findings from this study are relevant to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs for the species and may inform breeding strategies for other species within the Threskiornithidae family.
{"title":"Management and reproductive parameters of a captive scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber) population at low latitude","authors":"Camilo A.G. González , Ricardo J.G. Pereira , Allana Lais Alves Lima , Regiane F. Feitosa , Bruno S. Godoy , Sheyla F.S. Domingues","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective captive breeding programs are essential for conserving threatened avian species. This study aimed to describe the breeding performance of a captive population of scarlet ibis over a three-year period (2022, 2023, and 2024). The breeding season varied between July and January over the three years. Both males and females began forming breeding pairs as early as two years old, with the oldest pairing ages being 20 years for males and 12 years for females. Higher enclosure densities appeared to improve laying rates and encourage earlier laying, while a 1:1 male-to-female ratio facilitated effective pair formation with minimal aggression. Egg removal led to an average of 7.6 ± 2.7 replacement lays per female. Advancement of the laying season was significantly associated with increased initial egg weight for Dezember (p < 0.01). The median daily weight loss during incubation was 0.7 % (tau = 0.5), while the mean weight loss on day 21 was 19 ± 2 %. The findings from this study are relevant to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs for the species and may inform breeding strategies for other species within the Threskiornithidae family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107991
Xin Wang , Xinqi Zhou , Tongtong Tu , Shuangshuang Cui , Xiang Meng , Yunhai Zhang , Hongyu Liu , Ning Song
Testicular development is crucial for spermatogenesis and reproductive capacity of bulls. The synthesis and secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells influence testicular physiological functions. The protamine 1 (PRM1) gene is highly expressed in adult bull testes; however, its effects on bovine Leydig cells remain unclear. In this study, bovine Leydig cells were isolated and cultured, followed by overexpression and knockdown of PRM1. The effects of PRM1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone synthesis were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Overexpression of PRM1 enhanced cell viability, increased the proportion of cells in the S phase, and upregulated the expression of proliferation-related genes proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) (P < 0.01); reduced the number of apoptotic cells and downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes BAX and Caspase3 (P < 0.05); and promoted testosterone secretion as well as the expression of testosterone synthesis-related genes cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (CYP17A1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (HSD17B3), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) (P < 0.05). Conversely, PRM1 knockdown decreased cell viability, reduced the proportion of cells in the S phase, and downregulated the expression of PCNA and CDK2 (P < 0.01); increased the number of apoptotic cells and upregulated the expression of BAX and Caspase3 (P < 0.05); suppressed testosterone secretion along with the expression of CYP17A1, HSD17B3, and STAR (P < 0.05). Overall, PRM1 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in bovine Leydig cells, while enhancing testosterone synthesis and secretion. This study provides a theoretical foundation and potential applications for improving semen quality in bulls.
{"title":"PRM1 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone synthesis in bovine Leydig cells","authors":"Xin Wang , Xinqi Zhou , Tongtong Tu , Shuangshuang Cui , Xiang Meng , Yunhai Zhang , Hongyu Liu , Ning Song","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Testicular development is crucial for spermatogenesis and reproductive capacity of bulls. The synthesis and secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells influence testicular physiological functions. The protamine 1 (<em>PRM1</em>) gene is highly expressed in adult bull testes; however, its effects on bovine Leydig cells remain unclear. In this study, bovine Leydig cells were isolated and cultured, followed by overexpression and knockdown of <em>PRM1</em>. The effects of <em>PRM1</em> on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone synthesis were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Overexpression of <em>PRM1</em> enhanced cell viability, increased the proportion of cells in the S phase, and upregulated the expression of proliferation-related genes proliferating cell nuclear antigen (<em>PCNA</em>) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (<em>CDK2</em>) (<em>P</em> < 0.01); reduced the number of apoptotic cells and downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes <em>BAX</em> and <em>Caspase3</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05); and promoted testosterone secretion as well as the expression of testosterone synthesis-related genes cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (<em>CYP17A1</em>), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (<em>HSD17B3</em>), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (<em>STAR</em>) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Conversely, <em>PRM1</em> knockdown decreased cell viability, reduced the proportion of cells in the S phase, and downregulated the expression of <em>PCNA</em> and <em>CDK2</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.01); increased the number of apoptotic cells and upregulated the expression of <em>BAX</em> and <em>Caspase3</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05); suppressed testosterone secretion along with the expression of <em>CYP17A1</em>, <em>HSD17B3</em>, and <em>STAR</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Overall, <em>PRM1</em> promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis in bovine Leydig cells, while enhancing testosterone synthesis and secretion. This study provides a theoretical foundation and potential applications for improving semen quality in bulls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107991"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107989
Lenita C. Verdurico , Caio S. Takiya , Alanne T. Nunes , Tiago A. Del Valle , Filipe Zanferari , Rodrigo Gardinal , Gustavo D. Calomeni , Elmeson Ferreira de Jesus , Guilherme G. Silva , Larissa Vitória Franco da Cruz , Francisco P. Rennó
This study evaluated the effects of a 120-d dietary supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids from soybean grain and flaxseed on oocyte quality, in vitro embryo quality and production, and the metabolic profiles of blood and follicular fluid in Holstein heifers. Twenty-four heifers were assigned to the following treatments: a control diet (CON) and diets supplemented with whole raw soybeans (WRS) or flaxseed (FLX), both formulated to increase ether extract content to approximately 4.5 % dry matter (DM). Growth performance, serum metabolites, follicular fluid composition, and in vitro embryo production were assessed. Data were analyzed as repeated measures modeling the fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction. Treatment means were compared through orthogonal contrasts (CON vs. WRS+FLX and WRS vs. FLX). Heifers in the supplemented groups exhibited reduced average daily gain compared to the control group. Serum glucose concentrations were lower, while total cholesterol tended to be lower and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to be higher in supplemented groups, indicating shifts in lipid metabolism. Follicular fluid analyses revealed decreased triglyceride and a tendency to decreased urea levels in supplemented groups. Oocyte quality improved in heifers receiving fat supplementation, as indicated by a higher proportion of viable oocytes, while no differences were observed in the cleavage rates and embryo production. These findings suggest that unsaturated fatty acids can modulate metabolic parameters and enhance oocyte viability in Holstein heifers, although their effects on embryo production remain inconsistent. Further research is needed to optimize fatty acid supplementation strategies for improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle.
本研究评估了饲粮中添加大豆籽粒和亚麻籽不饱和脂肪酸120 d对荷斯坦母牛卵母细胞质量、体外胚胎质量和产量以及血液和卵泡液代谢谱的影响。选取24头小母牛，分别饲喂对照饲粮（CON）和添加全生大豆（WRS）或亚麻籽（FLX）的饲粮，以提高粗脂肪含量至约4.5% %干物质（DM）。评估生长性能、血清代谢物、卵泡液成分和体外胚胎产量。对数据进行重复测量分析，模拟治疗、时间及其相互作用的固定效果。通过正交对比（CON vs WRS+FLX和WRS vs FLX）比较治疗方法。与对照组相比，添加组的小母牛平均日增重降低。补充组血清葡萄糖浓度降低，总胆固醇趋于降低，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇趋于升高，表明脂质代谢发生了变化。卵泡液分析显示，补充组甘油三酯降低，尿素水平也有降低的趋势。在补充脂肪的小母牛中，卵母细胞质量得到改善，这表明活卵母细胞的比例更高，但在卵裂率和胚胎产量方面没有观察到差异。这些发现表明，不饱和脂肪酸可以调节荷斯坦小母牛的代谢参数，提高卵母细胞活力，尽管它们对胚胎生产的影响尚不一致。为了提高奶牛的繁殖效率，需要进一步优化脂肪酸补充策略。
{"title":"Effects of prolonged unsaturated fatty acid supplementation on reproductive competence and metabolic profiles in serum and follicular fluid of Holstein heifers","authors":"Lenita C. Verdurico , Caio S. Takiya , Alanne T. Nunes , Tiago A. Del Valle , Filipe Zanferari , Rodrigo Gardinal , Gustavo D. Calomeni , Elmeson Ferreira de Jesus , Guilherme G. Silva , Larissa Vitória Franco da Cruz , Francisco P. Rennó","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of a 120-d dietary supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids from soybean grain and flaxseed on oocyte quality, <em>in vitro</em> embryo quality and production, and the metabolic profiles of blood and follicular fluid in Holstein heifers. Twenty-four heifers were assigned to the following treatments: a control diet (CON) and diets supplemented with whole raw soybeans (WRS) or flaxseed (FLX), both formulated to increase ether extract content to approximately 4.5 % dry matter (DM). Growth performance, serum metabolites, follicular fluid composition, and in vitro embryo production were assessed. Data were analyzed as repeated measures modeling the fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction. Treatment means were compared through orthogonal contrasts (CON vs. WRS+FLX and WRS vs. FLX). Heifers in the supplemented groups exhibited reduced average daily gain compared to the control group. Serum glucose concentrations were lower, while total cholesterol tended to be lower and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol tended to be higher in supplemented groups, indicating shifts in lipid metabolism. Follicular fluid analyses revealed decreased triglyceride and a tendency to decreased urea levels in supplemented groups. Oocyte quality improved in heifers receiving fat supplementation, as indicated by a higher proportion of viable oocytes, while no differences were observed in the cleavage rates and embryo production. These findings suggest that unsaturated fatty acids can modulate metabolic parameters and enhance oocyte viability in Holstein heifers, although their effects on embryo production remain inconsistent. Further research is needed to optimize fatty acid supplementation strategies for improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107988
Cristina A. Martinez-Serrano , Josep M. Cambra , Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez , Inmaculada Parrilla , Cristina Cuello , Maria A. Gil , Emilio A. Martinez , Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Embryo transfer (ET) is a valuable reproductive technology in pigs, albeit its efficiency remains significantly lower than that of natural mating or artificial insemination (AI), owing to high embryonic death rates. Critical for embryo survival and pregnancy success is the placenta, which supports conceptus development through nutrient exchange, hormone production, and immune modulation. Alterations in placental development and function may therefore underlie the reduced efficiency of ET. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction, crossbred (Landrace × Large White) recipient sows were hormonally synchronized and either inseminated on the onset of estrus (Day 0), (Control group; n = 8) or surgically transferred 23 morulae on Day 5 post-estrus (Allogeneic group; n = 8). Placental samples were collected from four sows per group on Day 18 (attachment phase) and Day 24 (early placentation) of pregnancy. Libraries were prepared using the TruSeq Stranded mRNA kit (Illumina). Sequencing was performed on a NextSeq 550 platform (2 ×75 bp paired-end), and reads were aligned to the Sus scrofa 11.1 genome. Differential gene expression analysis (FC>2/<-2, P < 0.05) revealed significant downregulation of key angiogenic and immune-regulatory genes in allogeneic placentas. On Day 18, VEGFA, NOS3, FGF9, HIF1A, STAT1, STAT3, SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5, and ETS1 were markedly reduced, indicating impaired vascular remodeling and immune modulation. By Day 24, SMAD2 and additional immune-related genes remained dysregulated. Conversely, ANGPTL2 was upregulated on Day 24, possibly due to a compensatory angiogenic response. The data suggest that full allogeneicity disrupts placental transcriptomic programs crucial for angiogenesis and immune tolerance, contributing to the high embryonic mortality observed after ET in swine.
{"title":"Gene dysregulation impairs placental angiogenesis in allogeneic pig pregnancies","authors":"Cristina A. Martinez-Serrano , Josep M. Cambra , Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez , Inmaculada Parrilla , Cristina Cuello , Maria A. Gil , Emilio A. Martinez , Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Embryo transfer (ET) is a valuable reproductive technology in pigs, albeit its efficiency remains significantly lower than that of natural mating or artificial insemination (AI), owing to high embryonic death rates. Critical for embryo survival and pregnancy success is the placenta, which supports conceptus development through nutrient exchange, hormone production, and immune modulation. Alterations in placental development and function may therefore underlie the reduced efficiency of ET. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysfunction, crossbred (Landrace × Large White) recipient sows were hormonally synchronized and either inseminated on the onset of estrus (Day 0), (Control group; n = 8) or surgically transferred 23 morulae on Day 5 post-estrus (Allogeneic group; n = 8). Placental samples were collected from four sows per group on Day 18 (attachment phase) and Day 24 (early placentation) of pregnancy. Libraries were prepared using the TruSeq Stranded mRNA kit (Illumina). Sequencing was performed on a NextSeq 550 platform (2 ×75 bp paired-end), and reads were aligned to the Sus scrofa 11.1 genome. Differential gene expression analysis (FC>2/<-2, <em>P</em> < 0.05) revealed significant downregulation of key angiogenic and immune-regulatory genes in allogeneic placentas. On Day 18, <em>VEGFA</em>, <em>NOS3</em>, <em>FGF9</em>, <em>HIF1A</em>, <em>STAT1</em>, <em>STAT3</em>, <em>SMAD1</em>, <em>SMAD4</em>, <em>SMAD5</em>, and <em>ETS1</em> were markedly reduced, indicating impaired vascular remodeling and immune modulation. By Day 24, <em>SMAD2</em> and additional immune-related genes remained dysregulated. Conversely, <em>ANGPTL2</em> was upregulated on Day 24, possibly due to a compensatory angiogenic response. The data suggest that full allogeneicity disrupts placental transcriptomic programs crucial for angiogenesis and immune tolerance, contributing to the high embryonic mortality observed after ET in swine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107990
Mariângela Bueno Cordeiro Maldonado , Dayane Colhados Cabrini , Lucas de Oliveira Bezerra , Laura Chuba Machado Rolniche , Valeska de Castro Lourenço , Isabella Rio Feltrin , Karine Galhego Morelli , Adriano Felipe Mendes , Cecilia Constantino Rocha , Alessandra Bridi , Guilherme Pugliesi , Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira , Claudia Maria Bertan Membrive
Modulation of prostaglandin synthesis, specifically, decreasing prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and increasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interferon-tau (IFNT), can support maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in cattle. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known to influence prostaglandins (PG) synthesis in cell cultures; however, its effect on in vitro-cultured bovine oocytes and embryos remain unclear. We hypothesized that CLA supplementation in oocytes and embryo culture media would reduce PGF2α synthesis, increases PGE2 synthesis and PGE2:PGF2α ratio in embryos, modulate the expression of genes involved in PG and IFNT synthesis, and enhance embryo development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different CLA (a mixture of cis- and trans-9,11- and −10,12-octadecadienoic acids) concentrations (50–150 μM) added during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or in vitro culture (IVC) on in vitro embryo production, PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis, and the expression of genes related to PG synthesis (AKR1B1, PTGS2, PTGES) and MPR (IFNT) in embryos. Oocytes and embryos were treated with CLA (50, 100, and 150 μM) during IVM or during both IVM and IVC. PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations were quantified by ELISA, and transcript abundance in embryos at the end of IVC was assessed by qPCR. CLA supplementation at all tested concentrations during IVM and/or IVC reduced both PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis in embryos, without affecting the PGE2:PGF2α ratio, or the relative expression of the evaluated genes. These findings suggest that CLA modulates PG synthesis in bovine embryos and underscore the importance of PG regulation for the successful establishment of MRP.
{"title":"Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation: Insights into prostaglandin synthesis and in vitro embryonic development","authors":"Mariângela Bueno Cordeiro Maldonado , Dayane Colhados Cabrini , Lucas de Oliveira Bezerra , Laura Chuba Machado Rolniche , Valeska de Castro Lourenço , Isabella Rio Feltrin , Karine Galhego Morelli , Adriano Felipe Mendes , Cecilia Constantino Rocha , Alessandra Bridi , Guilherme Pugliesi , Marcelo Fábio Gouveia Nogueira , Claudia Maria Bertan Membrive","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modulation of prostaglandin synthesis, specifically, decreasing prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> (PGF<sub>2α</sub>) and increasing prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and interferon<em>-</em>tau (IFNT), can support maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in cattle. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known to influence prostaglandins (PG) synthesis in cell cultures; however, its effect on <em>in vitro</em>-cultured bovine oocytes and embryos remain unclear. We hypothesized that CLA supplementation in oocytes and embryo culture media would reduce PGF<sub>2α</sub> synthesis, increases PGE<sub>2</sub> synthesis and PGE<sub>2</sub>:PGF<sub>2α</sub> ratio in embryos, modulate the expression of genes involved in PG and IFNT synthesis, and enhance embryo development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different CLA (a mixture of cis- and trans-9,11- and −10,12-octadecadienoic acids) concentrations (50–150 μM) added during <em>in vitro</em> maturation (IVM) and/or <em>in vitro</em> culture (IVC) on <em>in vitro</em> embryo production, PGE<sub>2</sub> and PGF<sub>2α</sub> synthesis, and the expression of genes related to PG synthesis (<em>AKR1B1</em>, <em>PTGS2</em>, <em>PTGES</em>) and MPR (<em>IFNT)</em> in embryos. Oocytes and embryos were treated with CLA (50, 100, and 150 μM) during IVM or during both IVM and IVC. PGE<sub>2</sub> and PGF<sub>2α</sub> concentrations were quantified by ELISA, and transcript abundance in embryos at the end of IVC was assessed by qPCR. CLA supplementation at all tested concentrations during IVM and/or IVC reduced both PGE<sub>2</sub> and PGF<sub>2α</sub> synthesis in embryos, without affecting the PGE<sub>2</sub>:PGF<sub>2α</sub> ratio, or the relative expression of the evaluated genes. These findings suggest that CLA modulates PG synthesis in bovine embryos and underscore the importance of PG regulation for the successful establishment of MRP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107986
Dorota Katarzyńska-Banasik, Anna Kozubek, Kinga Kowalik-Chanek, Andrzej Sechman
Irisin, a myokine/adipokine released during physical activity, has attracted attention for its regulatory effects on various physiological processes, including metabolism and reproduction. This study was performed to investigate the presence of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in chicken granulosa cells (GCs) using immunocytochemistry and to assess the effect of irisin, the extracellular fragment of FNDC5, on these cells, which play a crucial role in progesterone (P4) production and follicle maturation. We measured cell viability, mRNA expression of the luteinising hormone receptor (LHR), the expression of steroidogenic genes (StAR, CYP11A1, and 3BHSD), and P4 secretion in GCs of chicken ovarian follicles. The results showed that irisin reduced the viability of all cultured GCs at different concentrations (0.5, 2.5, and 5 ng/mL). Real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR demonstrated decreased expression of LHR and 3BHSD at 0.5 ng/mL irisin across GCs from preovulatory follicles of all stages (F3, F2 and F1), and elevated expression of StAR, 3BHSD, and LHR at 5 ng/mL in GCs from F1 follicles. Furthermore, irisin decreased P4 secretion from GCs isolated from F3 and F2 follicles, but increased the release of this hormone from F1 follicles at a 5 ng/mL concentration. These findings suggest that irisin may play a modulatory role in the maturation and ovulation of chicken ovarian follicles by influencing cell proliferation, gene expression, and hormone production depending on the dose and stage of follicle development.
{"title":"Irisin modulates granulosa cell function in chicken ovarian follicles: Effects on viability, gene expression, and progesterone secretion","authors":"Dorota Katarzyńska-Banasik, Anna Kozubek, Kinga Kowalik-Chanek, Andrzej Sechman","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Irisin, a myokine/adipokine released during physical activity, has attracted attention for its regulatory effects on various physiological processes, including metabolism and reproduction. This study was performed to investigate the presence of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in chicken granulosa cells (GCs) using immunocytochemistry and to assess the effect of irisin, the extracellular fragment of FNDC5, on these cells, which play a crucial role in progesterone (P4) production and follicle maturation. We measured cell viability, mRNA expression of the luteinising hormone receptor (LHR), the expression of steroidogenic genes (<em>StAR</em>, <em>CYP11A1</em>, and <em>3BHSD</em>), and P4 secretion in GCs of chicken ovarian follicles. The results showed that irisin reduced the viability of all cultured GCs at different concentrations (0.5, 2.5, and 5 ng/mL). Real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR demonstrated decreased expression of <em>LHR</em> and <em>3BHSD</em> at 0.5 ng/mL irisin across GCs from preovulatory follicles of all stages (F3, F2 and F1), and elevated expression of <em>StAR</em>, <em>3BHSD</em>, and <em>LHR</em> at 5 ng/mL in GCs from F1 follicles. Furthermore, irisin decreased P4 secretion from GCs isolated from F3 and F2 follicles, but increased the release of this hormone from F1 follicles at a 5 ng/mL concentration. These findings suggest that irisin may play a modulatory role in the maturation and ovulation of chicken ovarian follicles by influencing cell proliferation, gene expression, and hormone production depending on the dose and stage of follicle development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107985
Hongyan Zhang , Shanpeng Wang , Qi Wang , Lingjiang Min , Eslam M. Bastaw , Zhendong Zhu
Due to the current limitations of boar semen cryopreservation systems, the effective restoration of sperm quality following thawing remains a significant challenge. This study investigates whether post-thaw boar sperm can uptake exogenous long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and utilize them for ATP generation, thereby sustaining linear motility and enhancing sperm vitality. Boar semen was diluted in extender solutions supplemented with varying concentrations of a lipid mixture (0, 0.01 %, 0.1 %, and 1 % LM). Following cryopreservation and subsequent thawing, key sperm parameters were assessed, including motility, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP levels, as well as the enzymatic activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1). Compared to the control group, supplementation with 0.1 % LM significantly enhanced post-thaw sperm motility and improved viability and acrosomal integrity (P < 0.05). This concentration also led to increased MMP, elevated ATP levels, as well as enhanced activities of MDH, SDH, and CPT1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, to further verify that post-thaw boar sperm utilize LCFAs to generate ATP through mitochondrial β-oxidation. It was found that adding 100 μM mitochondrial β-oxidation inhibitor etomoxir to the extender, significantly reduced post-thaw boar sperm progressive motility, MMP, ATP levels, and CPT1 activity (P < 0.05), thereby attenuating the beneficial effects of exogenous LCFAs supplementation. These findings suggest that post-thaw boar sperm are capable of assimilating exogenous LFCAs, which subsequently promote mitochondrial β-oxidation, increasing TCA cycle activity and ATP production, therefore improving the quality of post-thaw boar sperm.
{"title":"Long-chain fatty acids promote ATP production in post-thaw boar sperm through mitochondrial β-oxidation","authors":"Hongyan Zhang , Shanpeng Wang , Qi Wang , Lingjiang Min , Eslam M. Bastaw , Zhendong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the current limitations of boar semen cryopreservation systems, the effective restoration of sperm quality following thawing remains a significant challenge. This study investigates whether post-thaw boar sperm can uptake exogenous long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and utilize them for ATP generation, thereby sustaining linear motility and enhancing sperm vitality. Boar semen was diluted in extender solutions supplemented with varying concentrations of a lipid mixture (0, 0.01 %, 0.1 %, and 1 % LM). Following cryopreservation and subsequent thawing, key sperm parameters were assessed, including motility, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP levels, as well as the enzymatic activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1). Compared to the control group, supplementation with 0.1 % LM significantly enhanced post-thaw sperm motility and improved viability and acrosomal integrity (<em>P</em> < 0.05). This concentration also led to increased MMP, elevated ATP levels, as well as enhanced activities of MDH, SDH, and CPT1 (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, to further verify that post-thaw boar sperm utilize LCFAs to generate ATP through mitochondrial β-oxidation. It was found that adding 100 μM mitochondrial β-oxidation inhibitor etomoxir to the extender, significantly reduced post-thaw boar sperm progressive motility, MMP, ATP levels, and CPT1 activity (<em>P</em> < 0.05), thereby attenuating the beneficial effects of exogenous LCFAs supplementation. These findings suggest that post-thaw boar sperm are capable of assimilating exogenous LFCAs, which subsequently promote mitochondrial β-oxidation, increasing TCA cycle activity and ATP production, therefore improving the quality of post-thaw boar sperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107987
Muloongo C. Sitali , Limbikani Matumba , Madalitso Chelenga
Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), fertilization failure remains a major bottleneck in both clinical and animal reproduction, often due to suboptimal sperm selection and premature capacitation processes. One critical but underutilized biological system in sperm selection is the functional sperm reservoir formed in the oviduct after insemination. In this context, spermatozoa bind to epithelial cells in the isthmic region of the oviduct to maintain viability while acquiring fertilization competence until ovulation signals trigger their release from the functional reservoir. While the role of steroid hormones in the sperm-oviductal epithelial cell interaction has been well elaborated, evidence gathered over the years shows that biomolecular factors play a complementary but equally important role in sperm binding to and release from oviductal cells. This review systematically synthesizes evidence from studies investigating interactive biomolecules influencing sperm binding to and release from oviductal epithelial cells (OEC) using in vitro models. Overall, studies reviewed indicate that sperm binding to and release from the OEC, as well as the fertilizing competency of the released spermatozoa, are influenced by specific carbohydrates, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, seminal plasma proteins, and endocannabinoids. Tyrosine phosphorylation states of sperm and the effects of cryopreservation and sex-sorting, also play a role in sperm fertilization competence. Since the interaction between sperm and OEC is crucial for successful fertilization in vivo, these biomolecules, and sperm physiological states also represent a promising target for improving IVF outcomes using cryopreserved or fresh and sex-sorted or non-sorted semen in mammalian species.
{"title":"Molecules regulating sperm adhesion to and release from the oviduct across species: A systematic review","authors":"Muloongo C. Sitali , Limbikani Matumba , Madalitso Chelenga","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), fertilization failure remains a major bottleneck in both clinical and animal reproduction, often due to suboptimal sperm selection and premature capacitation processes. One critical but underutilized biological system in sperm selection is the functional sperm reservoir formed in the oviduct after insemination. In this context, spermatozoa bind to epithelial cells in the isthmic region of the oviduct to maintain viability while acquiring fertilization competence until ovulation signals trigger their release from the functional reservoir. While the role of steroid hormones in the sperm-oviductal epithelial cell interaction has been well elaborated, evidence gathered over the years shows that biomolecular factors play a complementary but equally important role in sperm binding to and release from oviductal cells. This review systematically synthesizes evidence from studies investigating interactive biomolecules influencing sperm binding to and release from oviductal epithelial cells (OEC) using in vitro models<strong>.</strong> Overall, studies reviewed indicate that sperm binding to and release from the OEC, as well as the fertilizing competency of the released spermatozoa, are influenced by specific carbohydrates, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, seminal plasma proteins, and endocannabinoids. Tyrosine phosphorylation states of sperm and the effects of cryopreservation and sex-sorting, also play a role in sperm fertilization competence. Since the interaction between sperm and OEC is crucial for successful fertilization in vivo, these biomolecules, and sperm physiological states also represent a promising target for improving IVF outcomes using cryopreserved or fresh and sex-sorted or non-sorted semen in mammalian species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domesticating Betta splendens has yielded extensive insights into reproductive biology, breeding requirements, and parental care behaviors while also providing essential guidance for conserving endangered Indonesian wild Betta species. Adapted to fragile, acidic blackwater habitats, wild Betta species exhibit unique reproductive strategies, notably bubble nest building and mouthbrooding, which share both similarities and differences with domesticated strains. These distinct behaviors create both opportunities and challenges when applying breeding techniques developed for domesticated species to their wild counterparts, necessitating careful consideration of ecological requirements, genetic diversity, and reproductive dynamics. This review synthesizes findings on domestic B. splendens reproduction, emphasizing their relevance for developing effective ex-situ breeding protocols for wild Betta species. Additionally, it explores key factors, including habitat simulation, environmental enrichment, species-specific breeding system design, and genetic management, all essential for ensuring reproductive success while maintaining ecological and genetic integrity. Furthermore, community engagement and aquarist contributions are highlighted as vital components of sustainable conservation efforts. Integrating these approaches is crucial for safeguarding the rich Betta population biodiversity in Indonesia via responsible captive breeding and habitat restoration.
{"title":"Reproductive strategies of domestic Betta splendens as a foundation for developing breeding programs for Indonesia’s endangered wild species","authors":"Darmawan Setia Budi , Agus Priyadi , Asep Permana , Gunawan , Fabrice Teletchea , Ahmad Shofy Mubarak , Imam Mustofa","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domesticating <em>Betta splendens</em> has yielded extensive insights into reproductive biology, breeding requirements, and parental care behaviors while also providing essential guidance for conserving endangered Indonesian wild <em>Betta</em> species. Adapted to fragile, acidic blackwater habitats, wild <em>Betta</em> species exhibit unique reproductive strategies, notably bubble nest building and mouthbrooding, which share both similarities and differences with domesticated strains. These distinct behaviors create both opportunities and challenges when applying breeding techniques developed for domesticated species to their wild counterparts, necessitating careful consideration of ecological requirements, genetic diversity, and reproductive dynamics. This review synthesizes findings on domestic <em>B. splendens</em> reproduction, emphasizing their relevance for developing effective <em>ex-situ</em> breeding protocols for wild <em>Betta</em> species. Additionally, it explores key factors, including habitat simulation, environmental enrichment, species-specific breeding system design, and genetic management, all essential for ensuring reproductive success while maintaining ecological and genetic integrity. Furthermore, community engagement and aquarist contributions are highlighted as vital components of sustainable conservation efforts. Integrating these approaches is crucial for safeguarding the rich <em>Betta</em> population biodiversity in Indonesia via responsible captive breeding and habitat restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144919965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107981
Yasmim Carla da Silva Cavalcante , Pierre Comizzoli , Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
The study of microbiomes has significantly advanced, revealing their profound influence on host health and reproduction. Despite progress in human and domestic animal research, a substantial knowledge gap persists regarding reproductive microbiomes in wild mammals, particularly their impact on fertility and gamete viability. Characterizing these microbial communities is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. This narrative review focuses on current research about reproductive microbiomes in wild mammals, detailing identification techniques (16S rRNA gene sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS) and distinguishing "microbiome" from "microbiota." It examines reproductive microbiota in both genders, including semino-vaginal interactions, highlighting their roles in reproductive health and drawing from cross-species comparisons. The review also addresses critical research gaps, such as the functional roles of specific microbial taxa, host-microbe specificity, longitudinal dynamics, and limited data on male reproductive health in species like elephants and marine mammals. Furthermore, this work explores microbiome-based diagnostics and treatments (e.g., probiotics, microbiota transfers) to improve reproductive outcomes and mitigate threats like dysbiosis. We also acknowledge unique logistical and ethical challenges in wild species sampling and manipulation, including contamination and inter-individual variability. By integrating these insights, the review offers a novel, microbial perspective for preserving wildlife and fostering healthier wild populations.
{"title":"How deciphering the reproductive microbiomes can contribute to the conservation of wild mammalian species – A review","authors":"Yasmim Carla da Silva Cavalcante , Pierre Comizzoli , Alexandre Rodrigues Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.107981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of microbiomes has significantly advanced, revealing their profound influence on host health and reproduction. Despite progress in human and domestic animal research, a substantial knowledge gap persists regarding reproductive microbiomes in wild mammals, particularly their impact on fertility and gamete viability. Characterizing these microbial communities is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. This narrative review focuses on current research about reproductive microbiomes in wild mammals, detailing identification techniques (16S rRNA gene sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS) and distinguishing \"microbiome\" from \"microbiota.\" It examines reproductive microbiota in both genders, including semino-vaginal interactions, highlighting their roles in reproductive health and drawing from cross-species comparisons. The review also addresses critical research gaps, such as the functional roles of specific microbial taxa, host-microbe specificity, longitudinal dynamics, and limited data on male reproductive health in species like elephants and marine mammals. Furthermore, this work explores microbiome-based diagnostics and treatments (e.g., probiotics, microbiota transfers) to improve reproductive outcomes and mitigate threats like dysbiosis. We also acknowledge unique logistical and ethical challenges in wild species sampling and manipulation, including contamination and inter-individual variability. By integrating these insights, the review offers a novel, microbial perspective for preserving wildlife and fostering healthier wild populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7880,"journal":{"name":"Animal Reproduction Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 107981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号