Animal Reproduction Science最新文献_第9页

Impact of early resynchronization in combination with color Doppler ultrasonography on cumulative pregnancy rates and calving distribution in postpartum beef cows 早期再同步联合彩色多普勒超声对产后肉牛累计妊娠率和产犊分布的影响。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108020

Samir Burato , Nicholas Wege Dias , Stefania Pancini , Lucas Melo-Gonçalves , Madison Blake Walker , Darren Dwayne Henry , Francine Messias Ciriaco , Kelsey Margaret Harvey , Vitor Rodrigues Gomes Mercadante , Pedro Levy Piza Fontes

This study evaluated the impact of a GnRH and progesterone-based early resynchronization strategy using color Doppler ultrasonography (CD) on the reproductive performance of Bos taurus beef cows. Postpartum cows (n = 419) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Natural Service (NS): Cows were exposed to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI1; day 0) followed by natural service breeding for the remainder of the breeding season, or 2) Early Resynchronization (ER): cows received an intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR) on day 15, which was removed on day 20. On the same day, CD was used to diagnose pregnancy based on luteal blood perfusion. Non-pregnant ER cows received prostaglandin F_2α and were artificially inseminated concurrently with a GnRH injection 60–66 h after CIDR removal as their second service (day 23). Natural service breeding occurred for the remainder of the breeding season. Pregnancy rates to FTAI1 were similar (P = 0.13) between treatments; however, pregnancy rates to the second service were greater in NS cows (P < 0.01). Consequently, ER decreased (P < 0.01) cumulative pregnancies within the first 23 days of the breeding season and delayed calving in the subsequent calving season (P < 0.01). Finally, cows that received a false positive based on CD calved later compared with cows that became pregnant to FTAI1 (P < 0.01) and cows that failed to become pregnant to FTAI1 (P < 0.01), regardless of treatment. In summary, the ER strategy utilized herein as a second service strategy decreased reproductive performance compared with natural service.

本研究利用彩色多普勒超声（CD）评估GnRH和孕激素早期再同步策略对牛牛繁殖性能的影响。产后奶牛（n = 419）被随机分配到两种处理中的一种：1)自然服务（NS）：奶牛接受固定时间人工授精（FTAI1，第0天），然后在剩余的繁殖季节进行自然服务繁殖；2)早期再同步（ER）：奶牛在第15天接受阴道内孕酮装置（CIDR），第20天取出。同日采用黄体血灌注CD诊断妊娠。未怀孕的ER奶牛在去除CIDR后60-66 h注射前列腺素F2α并人工授精，作为第二次服务（第23天）。在繁殖季节的剩余时间内进行自然服务繁殖。两组间FTAI1妊娠率相似（P = 0.13）；然而，第二次服务的怀孕率在NS奶牛中更高(P

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引用次数: 0

The follicular fluid regulates sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in the donkey while alleviating oxidative stress 卵泡液调节驴精子获能和顶体反应，同时减轻氧化应激。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108016

Jaime Catalán , Lorena Padilla , Carolina Maside , Jesús Martínez-Hernández , Jordi Miró , Marc Yeste

The follicular fluid (FF) is a complex and dynamic biological medium that surrounds the oocytes during their development and growth. This fluid provides the necessary nutrients to both the oocyte and the surrounding cells, enabling the proper maturation of the oocyte. Additionally, the FF is involved in key sperm function processes, such as capacitation, which occurs when sperm reach the oviduct and are exposed to this fluid. Nevertheless, how this happens in donkeys has not been investigated. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the FF on sperm capacitation in the donkey. Preovulatory FF was obtained from five different Catalan jennies (two follicles per animal), and nine ejaculates from fertile Catalan donkeys were collected. Sperm were resuspended in four different treatments: non-capacitating medium (TBM), non-capacitating medium supplemented with 20 % FF (TBM+FF), capacitating medium (TCM), and capacitating medium supplemented with 20 % FF (TCM+FF). Samples were incubated at 38 °C for 120 min, and at 60 min, progesterone was added to induce the acrosome reaction. After 0, 60, 70, and 120 min of incubation, sperm motility, membrane lipid disorder, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular concentrations of calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxides were evaluated. These results suggest that the preovulatory FF promotes sperm capacitation in donkeys, as it increases intracellular calcium, membrane lipid disorder, and acrosome exocytosis, while maintaining sperm motility and reducing ROS concentration. Although the results are not entirely conclusive and further tests are needed, this study supports that the FF modulates sperm capacitation and alleviates the oxidative stress associated with this process.

卵泡液（FF）是一种复杂而动态的生物培养基，在卵母细胞发育和生长过程中包围着它们。这种液体为卵母细胞和周围细胞提供必要的营养，使卵母细胞适当成熟。此外，FF还参与精子的关键功能过程，如获能，当精子到达输卵管并暴露于这种液体时发生。然而，这种情况是如何发生在驴子身上的还没有被研究过。因此，本研究旨在评价FF对驴精子获能的影响。从5只不同的加泰罗尼亚驴（每只驴2个卵泡）中获得排卵期前的FF，并收集了9只肥沃的加泰罗尼亚驴的射精。精子在4种不同处理下重悬：无能性培养基（TBM）、添加20% % FF的无能性培养基（TBM+FF）、能性培养基（TCM）和添加20% % FF的能性培养基（TCM+FF）。38℃孵育120 min， 60 min加入黄体酮诱导顶体反应。在0、60、70和120 min孵育后，检测精子活力、膜脂紊乱、顶体完整性、线粒体膜电位（MMP）以及细胞内钙、活性氧（ROS）和超氧化物浓度。这些结果表明，排卵前FF促进驴精子获能，因为它增加细胞内钙、膜脂紊乱和顶体胞吐，同时保持精子活力并降低ROS浓度。虽然结果不完全是结论性的，需要进一步的测试，但本研究支持FF调节精子获能并减轻与此过程相关的氧化应激。

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引用次数: 0

Seminal extracellular vesicles influence porcine spermatozoa physiology by modulating key functional parameters 精子细胞外囊泡通过调节关键功能参数影响猪精子生理。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108009

Ana Parra , Francisco E. Martín-Cano , Pablo Martínez-Díaz , Patricia Panales , Xiomara Lucas , Jordi Roca , Fernando J. Peña , Isabel Barranco

Seminal plasma (SP) contains a heterogeneous population of extracellular vesicles (EVs) recognized as key modulators of sperm function. However, the specific functional roles of each seminal EV (sEV) subset remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of two sized sEV subsets (small [S-sEVs] and large [L-sEVs]) with pig liquid-stored spermatozoa under different pH conditions and their effect on specific sperm functional parameters. Seminal EV subsets were isolated from SP samples using size exclusion chromatography and characterized following the MISEV2023 guidelines. Semen samples were incubated with each sEV subset or without sEVs (control) for 6 h at 37 ºC, 100 % humidity and 5 % CO₂ under different pH conditions (6.5, 7.0, or 7.5). Sperm functional parameters were assessed by flow cytometry (Cytoflex®S and LX, Beckman Coulter), under capacitating and non-capacitating conditions. Confocal microscopy revealed that both sEV subsets bound to and were internalized by spermatozoa as early as 30 min after incubation, regardless of pH. Flow cytometry revealed that both sEVs decreased reactive oxygen species production (P ≤ 0.0001), mitochondrial membrane potential (P ≤ 0.0001) and mitochondrial O₂^•⁻ levels (P ≤ 0.01) and increased apoptosis (active caspase-3) in viable spermatozoa (P ≤ 0.0001). However, the influence of sEV on acrosome integrity in viable sperm was time- and condition-dependent (P ≤ 0.05). This study showed that both S- and L-sEVs interact with porcine spermatozoa across a range of physiological pH conditions. This interaction is reflected by decreased oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity, as well as increased apoptosis in spermatozoa.

精浆（SP）含有异质性的细胞外囊泡（ev），被认为是精子功能的关键调节剂。然而，每个种子EV （sEV）子集的具体功能角色仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在评估两种大小的sEV亚群（小[s -sEV]和大[l -sEV]）在不同pH条件下与猪液体储存精子的相互作用及其对精子特定功能参数的影响。使用大小排除色谱法从SP样品中分离出种子EV亚群，并按照MISEV2023指南进行表征。精液样本在37ºC， 100 %湿度和5 % CO₂条件下（6.5,7.0或7.5）与每个sEV子集或不含sEV（对照）孵育6 h。通过流式细胞术（Cytoflex®S和LX， Beckman Coulter）评估精子在获能和非获能条件下的功能参数。共焦显微镜显示绑定到子集签订和内化的精子早在孵化后30 min,无论博士流式细胞术显示,股票减少活性氧生产(P ≤0.0001 ),线粒体膜电位(P ≤0.0001 )和线粒体O₂•⁻水平(P ≤0.01 )和增加细胞凋亡(活跃caspase-3)可行的精子(P ≤ 0.0001)。sEV对活精子顶体完整性的影响具有时间和条件依赖性（P ≤ 0.05）。这项研究表明，S- sev和l - sev在一系列生理pH条件下与猪精子相互作用。这种相互作用反映在氧化应激和线粒体活性降低，以及精子细胞凋亡增加。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of GnRH administration on pregnancy rate and litter size in ewes subjected to a fixed time insemination program during the breeding season GnRH给药对妊娠率和产仔数的影响，母羊在繁殖季节接受固定时间的授精程序。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108010

Baoyue Cui , Aibibaimu Hapaer , Xinglong Wu , Yiyong Liu , Xiangyun Li

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of GnRH administration at sponge insertion, insemination, and day 7 post-insemination on pregnancy rate and litter size in ewes subjected to a fixed time insemination program during the breeding season. Estrus was synchronized in 2740 adult ewes at four experimental sites. An intravaginal sponge impregnated with flurogestone acetate was left in the vagina for 12 days followed by an injection of 330 IU of eCG at sponge removal. Each ewe was in seminated twice at 52 h and 64 h after sponge removal. In the Insertion group, the Insemination group, and the Post-insemination group, ewes were given an intramuscular administration of 25 μg of the GnRH agonist triptorelin at sponge insertion, insemination, and day 7 post-insemination, respectively. No GnRH administration was given in the Control group. Pregnancy rates and litter size were calculated after all deliveries were completed. The results showed that the pregnancy rates in the Insertion group were significantly higher compared to those in the Control group, the Insemination group, and the Post-insemination group. The litter size in the Insertion group and the Insemination group were not significantly different and were significantly higher compared to those in the Control group and the Post-insemination group. In conclusion, the fixed time artificial insemination program, in combination with GnRH administration at sponge insertion, is a simple and potentially effective strategy for increasing fertility in estrus-synchronized ewes during the breeding season.

本研究的目的是比较GnRH在海绵植入、授精和授精后第7天对母羊妊娠率和产仔数的影响，母羊在繁殖季节接受固定时间授精。在四个试验点对2740只母羊进行了发情同步。将经醋酸氟孕酮浸渍的阴道内海绵留在阴道内12天，然后在海绵取出时注射330 IU eCG。每只母羊在去除海绵后分别于52 h和64 h进行两次授精。在插入组、授精组和授精后组，母羊分别在海绵插入、授精和授精后第7天肌肉注射GnRH激动剂triptorelin 25 μg。对照组未给予GnRH治疗。在所有分娩完成后计算怀孕率和产仔数。结果显示，插入组的妊娠率明显高于对照组、人工授精组和人工授精后组。插入组和授精组产仔数差异不显著，显著高于对照组和授精后组。综上所述，固定时间人工授精，结合海绵植入时给药GnRH，是一种在繁殖季节提高发情同步母羊生育力的简单而有效的策略。

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引用次数: 0

FNDC4 modulates in vitro bovine granulosa and theca cell metabolism and alters follicle development in vivo FNDC4在体外调节牛颗粒和卵泡细胞代谢，并改变体内卵泡发育

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108014

Mathilde Daudon , Christelle Ramé , Marcos H. Barreta , Alfredo Q. Antoniazzi , Valério M. Portela , Joëlle Dupont , Christopher A. Price

Metabolism has long been linked to fertility in mammals, and animals such as dairy cattle experience periods of energy stress, particularly post-partum. To meet the energy demands of early lactation, cattle mobilize adipose reserves, which results in altered secretion of adipokines, such as adiponectin and irisin, hormones that have direct actions on ovarian follicle function. Irisin belongs to the fibronectin domain containing (FNDC) family of proteins, and has been shown to decrease granulosa and theca cell steroidogenesis and inhibit follicle growth. A second member of this protein family, FNDC4, is also considered a secreted adipokine, but its role in the ovarian follicle is unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that FNDC4 affects granulosa and theca cell function in vitro and causes follicle regression in cattle in vivo. Ultrasound-guided injection of FNDC4 directly into the first-wave growing follicle in vivo caused follicle regression whereas follicles injected with vehicle continued to grow and ovulated. To assess the mechanisms of FNDC4 action, we used well-established serum-free culture models of bovine granulosa and theca cells. Addition of FNDC4 to granulosa cells increased glucose uptake and GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 mRNA abundance, but did not modulate steroid secretion, cell viability, cell proliferation or lipid content. Addition of recombinant FNDC4 to theca cells decreased lipid content but did not alter steroidogenesis, cell proliferation or glucose uptake. In summary, FNDC4 modulates bovine granulosa and theca cell metabolism, and this may lead to disturbed follicle development.

长期以来，哺乳动物的新陈代谢一直与生育能力有关，奶牛等动物经历了一段时间的能量压力，尤其是产后。为了满足泌乳早期的能量需求，牛动员脂肪储备，从而改变脂肪因子的分泌，如脂联素和鸢尾素，这些激素对卵巢卵泡功能有直接作用。鸢尾素属于含有纤维连接蛋白结构域（FNDC）的蛋白家族，并已被证明可以减少颗粒和卵泡细胞的类固醇生成并抑制卵泡生长。该蛋白家族的第二个成员FNDC4也被认为是一种分泌脂肪因子，但其在卵巢卵泡中的作用尚不清楚。因此，我们假设FNDC4在体外影响颗粒和卵泡细胞功能，并导致牛体内卵泡退化。超声引导下将FNDC4直接注射到体内第一波生长卵泡中，导致卵泡退化，而注射了载体的卵泡继续生长和排卵。为了评估FNDC4的作用机制，我们使用了牛颗粒和卵泡细胞的无血清培养模型。在颗粒细胞中添加FNDC4增加了葡萄糖摄取和GLUT1、GLUT3和GLUT4 mRNA丰度，但不调节类固醇分泌、细胞活力、细胞增殖或脂质含量。向卵泡细胞中添加重组FNDC4可降低脂质含量，但不改变类固醇生成、细胞增殖或葡萄糖摄取。综上所述，FNDC4调节牛颗粒和卵泡细胞的代谢，这可能导致卵泡发育受到干扰。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of seminal plasma cholesterol and androgen levels on breeding rooster sperm motility in vitro 精浆胆固醇和雄激素水平对公鸡精子活力的影响。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108023

Jiwei Li , Lijuan Yang , Juan Zhang , Yadong Tian , Donghua Li , Yaling Gu , Guirong Sun , Xiangtao Kang

Cholesterol and androgens play key roles in sperm maturation, capacitation, and fertilization ability. Thus, they influence sperm motility and stability, which are important indicators of male fertility. Their effects on the reproductive ability of roosters, however, remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of seminal plasma cholesterol and steroid hormone levels on sperm motility in breeding roosters and clarify the associated mechanisms. Using semen from Yufen 1 rooster breeders, high motility group (HMG) and low motility group (LMG) models were established and thereafter their sperm characteristics were examined. The results obtained showed normal morphological structures, with intact heads and plasma membranes for sperms from HMG individuals, while those from LMG individuals had swollen heads and ruptured plasma membranes. Further, compared to HMG individuals, LMG individuals showed significantly higher seminal plasma cholesterol, testosterone, and follicle stimulating hormone levels. Possibly, at high concentrations, cholesterol crossed the blood-testis and blood-epididymal barriers and thereafter, disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in the sperm membrane, leading to the low sperm motility observed for LMG individuals. Additionally, plasma membrane and DNA integrity rates were significantly higher for HMG individuals than for LMG individuals, suggesting that plasma membrane and DNA integrity are critical for maintaining sperm motility. Taken together, these findings may be employed to improve fertilization rates in poultry production and may also serve as a foundation for further studies on breeding rooster utilization rates.

胆固醇和雄激素在精子成熟、获能和受精能力中起关键作用。因此，它们影响精子活力和稳定性，而精子活力和稳定性是男性生育能力的重要指标。然而，它们对公鸡繁殖能力的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们旨在研究种公鸡精浆胆固醇和类固醇激素水平对精子活力的影响，并阐明相关机制。选用育粉1号种鸡精液，分别建立高活力组（HMG）和低活力组（LMG）模型，并对其精子特性进行检测。结果显示，HMG个体精子形态结构正常，头部和质膜完整，而LMG个体精子头部肿胀，质膜破裂。此外，与HMG个体相比，LMG个体表现出明显更高的精浆胆固醇、睾酮和促卵泡激素水平。可能，在高浓度情况下，胆固醇穿过血睾丸和血附睾屏障，随后破坏了精子膜中的胆固醇稳态，导致LMG个体的精子活力低。此外，HMG个体的质膜和DNA完整性率显著高于LMG个体，这表明质膜和DNA完整性对维持精子活力至关重要。综上所述，这些发现可用于提高家禽生产中的受精率，也可为进一步研究种鸡利用率奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Rheb ubiquitination drives LC3 lipidation via non-canonical autophagy to promote porcine sperm acrosome reaction Rheb泛素化通过非规范自噬驱动LC3脂化，促进猪精子顶体反应

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108022

Jie Wang , Zhiwei Yao , Yuyang Zhang, Junzheng Zhang, Hao Li, Kun Zhao, Yang An, Shuangshuang Li, Ziyu Jiang, Xuan Chen, Yi Jin

The coordinated interaction between ubiquitination and autophagy is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis; however, their precise roles in regulating the acrosome reaction (AR) remain unclear. To determine whether Rheb ubiquitination modulates LC3 lipidation through the mTORC1/ULK1–Beclin 1 signaling axis during sperm capacitation and thereby influences the AR, we conducted a series of molecular analyses in porcine sperm samples. These included quantitative ubiquitin proteomics, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP), Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence. Our results revealed that capacitation markedly increased Rheb ubiquitination (P < 0.01), accompanied by a switch from degradative K48-linked to non-degradative K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Upregulation of Rheb ubiquitination suppressed mTORC1 activity, thereby activating the ULK1–Beclin 1 signaling cascade and promoting LC3 lipidation (conversion to LC3-II). Lipidated LC3 accumulated at the acrosomal membrane and showed enhanced interaction with the vesicle-associated protein VAMP3 during AR (P < 0.01). Inhibition of LC3 lipidation reduced AR incidence (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that Rheb ubiquitination facilitates AR via a non-canonical autophagy pathway, likely through LC3 acrosomal localization and its interaction with VAMP3, offering new mechanistic insights into sperm function and male infertility.

泛素化和自噬之间的协调相互作用对维持细胞稳态至关重要；然而，它们在调节顶体反应（AR）中的确切作用尚不清楚。为了确定Rheb泛素化是否在精子获能过程中通过mTORC1/ ULK1-Beclin 1信号轴调节LC3脂化，从而影响AR，我们对猪精子样本进行了一系列分子分析。这些方法包括定量泛素蛋白质组学、共免疫沉淀（CO-IP）、免疫印迹（WB）和免疫荧光。我们的研究结果显示，获能显著增加Rheb泛素化（P <； 0.01），伴随着从可降解的k48连接到不可降解的k63连接的多泛素链的转换。Rheb泛素化上调抑制mTORC1活性，从而激活ULK1-Beclin 1信号级联，促进LC3脂化（向LC3- ii转化）。脂化LC3积聚在顶体膜上，并在AR期间与囊泡相关蛋白VAMP3的相互作用增强（P <； 0.01）。抑制LC3脂化可降低AR发生率（P <； 0.05）。这些发现表明Rheb泛素化通过非典型自噬途径促进AR，可能通过LC3顶体定位及其与VAMP3的相互作用，为精子功能和男性不育提供了新的机制见解。

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引用次数: 0

Programmed cell death ligands 1 and 2 and their receptor programmed cell death 1: Expression, regulation, and function at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs 程序性细胞死亡配体1和2及其受体程序性细胞死亡1：猪母胎界面的表达、调控和功能。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108013

Inkyu Yoo , Yugyeong Cheon , Eunhyeok Choi , Seonghyun Kim , Tae Sub Park , Hakhyun Ka

Programmed cell death (PD) ligand 1 (PDL1) and PDL2 and their receptor PD1 play critical roles in immunity, and an involvement of the PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling system in the immune tolerance during pregnancy has been suggested in humans. However, the role of the PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling system at the maternal-conceptus interface has not been studied in pigs. Thus, this study determined the expression, regulation, and function of the PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling pathway at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. The endometrium expressed PDL1, PDL2, and PD1 mRNAs in a pregnancy stage-specific manner with greater levels of expression on Day 15 of pregnancy than on Day 15 of the estrous cycle. PDL1 protein was localized to some stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, PDL2 protein to luminal (LE) and glandular epithelial (GE) and endothelial cells, and PD1 protein to LE, GE, and some stromal cells, but not in T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. The conceptus tissues during early pregnancy and chorioallantoic tissues during mid- to late pregnancy expressed PD1, PDL1, and PDL2. Interferon-γ (IFNG) increased the expression of PDL1 and PDL2, but not PD1, in endometrial explants. PDL1 and PDL2 increased the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis in porcine uterine epithelial cells overexpressing PD1. These results suggest that the expression of PDL1 and PDL2 are induced by IFNG of conceptus origin and PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling may play an important role in maintaining the epithelial stability by regulation of apoptosis and controlling the endometrial environment for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.

Summary

The PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling system induced by conceptus-derived IFNG plays an important role in maintaining endometrial epithelial stability by increasing the epithelial expression of inhibitors of apoptosis during early pregnancy.

程序性细胞死亡（PD）配体1 （PDL1）和PDL2及其受体PD1在免疫中起关键作用，并且PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号系统参与了人类妊娠期间的免疫耐受。然而，PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号系统在母胎界面的作用尚未在猪中研究过。因此，本研究确定了PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号通路在母猪母胎界面的表达、调控和功能。子宫内膜以妊娠期特异性方式表达PDL1、PDL2和PD1 mrna，妊娠第15天的表达水平高于发情周期第15天的表达水平。PDL1蛋白定位于部分间质细胞和血管平滑肌细胞，PDL2蛋白定位于管腔上皮（LE）和腺上皮（GE）和内皮细胞，PD1蛋白定位于管腔上皮、腺上皮（GE）和部分间质细胞，但T淋巴细胞和内皮细胞不存在。妊娠早期的妊娠组织和妊娠中后期的绒毛膜尿囊组织表达PD1、PDL1和PDL2。干扰素-γ (IFNG)增加了子宫内膜外植体中PDL1和PDL2的表达，但没有增加PD1的表达。在过表达PD1的猪子宫上皮细胞中，PDL1和PDL2增加了凋亡抑制因子的表达。这些结果表明，妊娠源性IFNG诱导了PDL1和PDL2的表达，并且PDL1/PDL2- pd1信号通路可能通过调控细胞凋亡和控制子宫内膜环境在维持猪上皮细胞稳定性中发挥重要作用，从而促进了妊娠的建立和维持。摘要：孕源性IFNG诱导的PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号系统通过增加妊娠早期上皮细胞凋亡抑制剂的表达，在维持子宫内膜上皮稳定性中发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the freezer and straw positioning on the post-thaw quality of bull spermatozoa: A comparative study 冷冻室和吸管位置对公牛精子解冻后品质影响的比较研究。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108021

Marie Luis Neubert , Muhammad Umair Khan , Markus Jung , Árpád Csaba Bajcsy , Martin Schulze

Cryopreservation is known to induce detrimental alterations in bull sperm structure and function. This study compared post-thaw sperm quality and the control and accuracy of cooling rates among three commercial semen freezers: Digitcool, Digitcool Alpha, and TurboFreezer M. Additionally, the effect of straw position within the freezing chamber (top, center, bottom) was evaluated. Twelve ejaculates from Holstein-Friesian bulls (n = 12) were diluted in an egg yolk-based TRIS extender, filled into 0.25 mL straws, and processed in a split-sample design using a uniform freezing protocol. Temperature profiles were recorded via thermocouples inserted into straws to confirm adherence to the programmed curves. Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed based on six parameters: total sperm motility after 30 and 120 min of incubation at 38°C (TRT30/120), morphologically intact spermatozoa (MIS), viable and acrosome-intact spermatozoa (VAI), spermatozoa with low membrane fluidity and low intracellular calcium (LMLC), and spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP). Generalized linear mixed models revealed an effect of the freezing machine on all tested parameters (P < 0.001). The TurboFreezer M produced the highest overall sperm quality, particularly in the bottom position, with superior outcomes in TRT30 and VAI. Digitcool showed the best performance for MIS, while Digitcool Alpha excelled in LMLC. Straw positions (top, center, bottom) did not significantly influence sperm quality in any respect. In conclusion, although the choice of freezing machine can significantly affect in vitro sperm quality, all devices demonstrated the ability to produce high-quality cryopreserved semen when used with standardized protocols.

众所周知，低温保存会导致公牛精子结构和功能的有害改变。本研究比较了三种商用精子冷冻机：Digitcool、Digitcool Alpha和TurboFreezer m的解冻后精子质量以及冷却速度的控制和准确性。此外，还评估了冷冻室内稻草位置（顶部、中心、底部）的影响。12只荷斯泰因-弗里谢公牛（n = 12）的射精液在以蛋黄为基础的TRIS扩展剂中稀释，填充到0.25 mL的吸管中，并采用均匀冷冻方案进行分样设计。通过插入吸管的热电偶记录温度曲线，以确认符合程序曲线。解冻后精子质量根据6个参数进行评估：38°C孵育30和120 min后的总精子活力（TRT30/120）、形态完整的精子（MIS）、活精子和顶体完整的精子（VAI）、低膜流动性和低细胞内钙（LMLC）的精子，以及高线粒体膜电位（HMMP）的精子。广义线性混合模型揭示了冻结机对所有测试参数的影响(P

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Embryonic and fetal morphology of the black agouti 黑刺鼠的胚胎和胎儿形态

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108018

Alexsandro Antônio Portilho Damasceno , Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro , Jéssica Jaine Silva de Lima , Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira , Gessiane Pereira da Silva , Claudio Borges dos Reis Leal , Bruna Borges Lopes , João Valsecchi , Hani R. El Bizri , Richard Bodmer , Pedro Mayor

Understanding embryonic and fetal development is fundamental to interpreting life-history strategies associated with neonatal survival in mammals. This study provides a detailed characterization of the intrauterine development of the hystricognath rodent, the black agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa), one of the most hunted species in the Amazon. The developmental patterns are compared with those of other precocial and altricial mammals, offering insights into species-specific reproductive strategies. A total of 90 conceptuses (2 embryos and 88 fetuses) from 49 pregnant females collected from subsistence hunting in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon were analyzed for external and internal morphological features. The mean prolificacy was 1.84 ± 0.59 offspring per pregnant female, with a sex ratio of 1.26:1.00 (female:male). Fetal dorsal length (TDL) ranged from 0.57 to 23.3 cm. External development followed a consistent and sequential pattern, beginning with the appearance of outer ears, eyelid and limb buds, followed by ossification, fused eyelids, tactile pelage, differentiated genitalia, skin development, covering pelage, nail formation, tooth eruption, and ultimately eyelid opening. Fetal age estimation, based on the formula ∛W = 0.078(t − 20.8), showed a strong correlation between TDL and gestational age. All external biometric measures and absolute visceral organ masses were strongly correlated with TDL. The relative mass of the spleen, the tubular digestive organs, and the thymus increased across pregnancy; while liver, lungs, and kidneys decreased. The developmental pattern observed supports the classification of the black agouti as a precocial species, with neonates exhibiting early functional independence.

了解胚胎和胎儿发育是解释哺乳动物与新生儿生存相关的生活史策略的基础。本研究提供了亚马逊地区最受猎杀的物种之一黑刺鼠（Dasyprocta fuliginosa）的子宫内发育的详细特征。将其发育模式与其他早熟和晚育哺乳动物的发育模式进行比较，从而深入了解物种特有的生殖策略。对在秘鲁和巴西亚马逊地区采集的49只怀孕雌性动物的90个受精卵（2个胚胎和88个胎儿）进行了外部和内部形态学特征分析。平均繁殖率为1.84（ ± ）0.59只，雌雄比为1.26:1.00。胎儿背长（TDL）为0.57 ~ 23.3 cm。外部发育遵循一致和顺序的模式，从外耳、眼睑和肢体芽的出现开始，接着是骨化、眼睑融合、触觉皮膜、生殖器分化、皮肤发育、覆盖皮膜、指甲形成、牙齿长出，最终打开眼睑。根据公式∛W = 0.078（t − 20.8）估算胎龄，TDL与胎龄有很强的相关性。所有外部生物特征测量和绝对内脏器官质量与TDL密切相关。脾脏、管状消化器官和胸腺的相对质量在妊娠期间增加；而肝、肺和肾则减少。观察到的发育模式支持黑刺鼠作为早熟物种的分类，其新生儿表现出早期的功能独立性。

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