Animal Reproduction Science最新文献_第8页

Impact of early resynchronization in combination with color Doppler ultrasonography on cumulative pregnancy rates and calving distribution in postpartum beef cows 早期再同步联合彩色多普勒超声对产后肉牛累计妊娠率和产犊分布的影响。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108020

Samir Burato , Nicholas Wege Dias , Stefania Pancini , Lucas Melo-Gonçalves , Madison Blake Walker , Darren Dwayne Henry , Francine Messias Ciriaco , Kelsey Margaret Harvey , Vitor Rodrigues Gomes Mercadante , Pedro Levy Piza Fontes

This study evaluated the impact of a GnRH and progesterone-based early resynchronization strategy using color Doppler ultrasonography (CD) on the reproductive performance of Bos taurus beef cows. Postpartum cows (n = 419) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Natural Service (NS): Cows were exposed to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI1; day 0) followed by natural service breeding for the remainder of the breeding season, or 2) Early Resynchronization (ER): cows received an intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR) on day 15, which was removed on day 20. On the same day, CD was used to diagnose pregnancy based on luteal blood perfusion. Non-pregnant ER cows received prostaglandin F_2α and were artificially inseminated concurrently with a GnRH injection 60–66 h after CIDR removal as their second service (day 23). Natural service breeding occurred for the remainder of the breeding season. Pregnancy rates to FTAI1 were similar (P = 0.13) between treatments; however, pregnancy rates to the second service were greater in NS cows (P < 0.01). Consequently, ER decreased (P < 0.01) cumulative pregnancies within the first 23 days of the breeding season and delayed calving in the subsequent calving season (P < 0.01). Finally, cows that received a false positive based on CD calved later compared with cows that became pregnant to FTAI1 (P < 0.01) and cows that failed to become pregnant to FTAI1 (P < 0.01), regardless of treatment. In summary, the ER strategy utilized herein as a second service strategy decreased reproductive performance compared with natural service.

本研究利用彩色多普勒超声（CD）评估GnRH和孕激素早期再同步策略对牛牛繁殖性能的影响。产后奶牛（n = 419）被随机分配到两种处理中的一种：1)自然服务（NS）：奶牛接受固定时间人工授精（FTAI1，第0天），然后在剩余的繁殖季节进行自然服务繁殖；2)早期再同步（ER）：奶牛在第15天接受阴道内孕酮装置（CIDR），第20天取出。同日采用黄体血灌注CD诊断妊娠。未怀孕的ER奶牛在去除CIDR后60-66 h注射前列腺素F2α并人工授精，作为第二次服务（第23天）。在繁殖季节的剩余时间内进行自然服务繁殖。两组间FTAI1妊娠率相似（P = 0.13）；然而，第二次服务的怀孕率在NS奶牛中更高(P

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引用次数: 0

Effect of the freezer and straw positioning on the post-thaw quality of bull spermatozoa: A comparative study 冷冻室和吸管位置对公牛精子解冻后品质影响的比较研究。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108021

Marie Luis Neubert , Muhammad Umair Khan , Markus Jung , Árpád Csaba Bajcsy , Martin Schulze

Cryopreservation is known to induce detrimental alterations in bull sperm structure and function. This study compared post-thaw sperm quality and the control and accuracy of cooling rates among three commercial semen freezers: Digitcool, Digitcool Alpha, and TurboFreezer M. Additionally, the effect of straw position within the freezing chamber (top, center, bottom) was evaluated. Twelve ejaculates from Holstein-Friesian bulls (n = 12) were diluted in an egg yolk-based TRIS extender, filled into 0.25 mL straws, and processed in a split-sample design using a uniform freezing protocol. Temperature profiles were recorded via thermocouples inserted into straws to confirm adherence to the programmed curves. Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed based on six parameters: total sperm motility after 30 and 120 min of incubation at 38°C (TRT30/120), morphologically intact spermatozoa (MIS), viable and acrosome-intact spermatozoa (VAI), spermatozoa with low membrane fluidity and low intracellular calcium (LMLC), and spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP). Generalized linear mixed models revealed an effect of the freezing machine on all tested parameters (P < 0.001). The TurboFreezer M produced the highest overall sperm quality, particularly in the bottom position, with superior outcomes in TRT30 and VAI. Digitcool showed the best performance for MIS, while Digitcool Alpha excelled in LMLC. Straw positions (top, center, bottom) did not significantly influence sperm quality in any respect. In conclusion, although the choice of freezing machine can significantly affect in vitro sperm quality, all devices demonstrated the ability to produce high-quality cryopreserved semen when used with standardized protocols.

众所周知，低温保存会导致公牛精子结构和功能的有害改变。本研究比较了三种商用精子冷冻机：Digitcool、Digitcool Alpha和TurboFreezer m的解冻后精子质量以及冷却速度的控制和准确性。此外，还评估了冷冻室内稻草位置（顶部、中心、底部）的影响。12只荷斯泰因-弗里谢公牛（n = 12）的射精液在以蛋黄为基础的TRIS扩展剂中稀释，填充到0.25 mL的吸管中，并采用均匀冷冻方案进行分样设计。通过插入吸管的热电偶记录温度曲线，以确认符合程序曲线。解冻后精子质量根据6个参数进行评估：38°C孵育30和120 min后的总精子活力（TRT30/120）、形态完整的精子（MIS）、活精子和顶体完整的精子（VAI）、低膜流动性和低细胞内钙（LMLC）的精子，以及高线粒体膜电位（HMMP）的精子。广义线性混合模型揭示了冻结机对所有测试参数的影响(P

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引用次数: 0

Embryonic and fetal morphology of the black agouti 黑刺鼠的胚胎和胎儿形态

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108018

Alexsandro Antônio Portilho Damasceno , Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro , Jéssica Jaine Silva de Lima , Thyago Habner de Souza Pereira , Gessiane Pereira da Silva , Claudio Borges dos Reis Leal , Bruna Borges Lopes , João Valsecchi , Hani R. El Bizri , Richard Bodmer , Pedro Mayor

Understanding embryonic and fetal development is fundamental to interpreting life-history strategies associated with neonatal survival in mammals. This study provides a detailed characterization of the intrauterine development of the hystricognath rodent, the black agouti (Dasyprocta fuliginosa), one of the most hunted species in the Amazon. The developmental patterns are compared with those of other precocial and altricial mammals, offering insights into species-specific reproductive strategies. A total of 90 conceptuses (2 embryos and 88 fetuses) from 49 pregnant females collected from subsistence hunting in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon were analyzed for external and internal morphological features. The mean prolificacy was 1.84 ± 0.59 offspring per pregnant female, with a sex ratio of 1.26:1.00 (female:male). Fetal dorsal length (TDL) ranged from 0.57 to 23.3 cm. External development followed a consistent and sequential pattern, beginning with the appearance of outer ears, eyelid and limb buds, followed by ossification, fused eyelids, tactile pelage, differentiated genitalia, skin development, covering pelage, nail formation, tooth eruption, and ultimately eyelid opening. Fetal age estimation, based on the formula ∛W = 0.078(t − 20.8), showed a strong correlation between TDL and gestational age. All external biometric measures and absolute visceral organ masses were strongly correlated with TDL. The relative mass of the spleen, the tubular digestive organs, and the thymus increased across pregnancy; while liver, lungs, and kidneys decreased. The developmental pattern observed supports the classification of the black agouti as a precocial species, with neonates exhibiting early functional independence.

了解胚胎和胎儿发育是解释哺乳动物与新生儿生存相关的生活史策略的基础。本研究提供了亚马逊地区最受猎杀的物种之一黑刺鼠（Dasyprocta fuliginosa）的子宫内发育的详细特征。将其发育模式与其他早熟和晚育哺乳动物的发育模式进行比较，从而深入了解物种特有的生殖策略。对在秘鲁和巴西亚马逊地区采集的49只怀孕雌性动物的90个受精卵（2个胚胎和88个胎儿）进行了外部和内部形态学特征分析。平均繁殖率为1.84（ ± ）0.59只，雌雄比为1.26:1.00。胎儿背长（TDL）为0.57 ~ 23.3 cm。外部发育遵循一致和顺序的模式，从外耳、眼睑和肢体芽的出现开始，接着是骨化、眼睑融合、触觉皮膜、生殖器分化、皮肤发育、覆盖皮膜、指甲形成、牙齿长出，最终打开眼睑。根据公式∛W = 0.078（t − 20.8）估算胎龄，TDL与胎龄有很强的相关性。所有外部生物特征测量和绝对内脏器官质量与TDL密切相关。脾脏、管状消化器官和胸腺的相对质量在妊娠期间增加；而肝、肺和肾则减少。观察到的发育模式支持黑刺鼠作为早熟物种的分类，其新生儿表现出早期的功能独立性。

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引用次数: 0

Eosinophils from jennies form extracellular traps (EETs) in vitro in response to seminal plasma: A new perspective on uterine immune defense in donkeys 母驴子宫内嗜酸性粒细胞对精浆的反应形成细胞外陷阱（EETs）：子宫免疫防御的新视角

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108017

Sebastià Company , Yame Fabres Robaina Sancler-Silva , Iván Yánez-Ortiz , Jesús Martínez-Hernández , Manuela Costa , Jaime Catalán , Jordi Miró

Jennies exhibit a post-insemination uterine inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), primarly neutrophils, followed by eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils are known to release neutrophil extracelular traps (NETs) to capture spermatozoa. Recently, eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) have been identified in humans, and eosinophil infiltration into the uterus has been reported in jennies during estrus and diestrus, increasing after semen exposure. This study aimed to develop an in vitro model to evaluate EET formation in response to semen components. PMNs were isolated from jenny peripheral blood, using a standardized protocol. Eosinophils were separated using spectral flow cytometry cell sorter. Semen from three fertile jackasses was used to prepare treatments, including two negative controls (RPMI and Kenney solution), a positive control (A23187), and four experimental groups: seminal plasma (SP), spermatozoa (SPZ)-Kenney (K), SPZ-SP, SPZ-K-SP. Samples were analyzed at 0 and 3 h of incubation. EET formation was assessed by measuring changes in eosinophil nuclear fluorescence, stained with SYTOX Green, using a spectral flow cytometer. Confocal microscopy confirmed EET structures. At time 3, most of the analyzed parameters differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the treatment with seminal plasma and the negative control (RPMI). Notably, cell size already showed significant differences at time 0 (p < 0.05). A similar but less pronounced response was observed in the SPZ-SP and SPZ-K-SP groups, likely due to dilution of seminal plasma. No significant effect was seen with spermatozoa alone. These findings suggest that eosinophils rapidly release extracellular traps in response to seminal plasma, potentially modulating the post-insemination uterine immune response.

珍妮表现出受精后子宫炎症反应，其特征是多形核细胞（pmn）的浸润，主要是中性粒细胞，其次是嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。已知中性粒细胞释放中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）来捕获精子。最近，在人类中发现了嗜酸性粒细胞胞外陷阱（EETs），并且有报道称雌性在发情和退情期间嗜酸性粒细胞浸润到子宫，在精液暴露后增加。本研究旨在建立一个体外模型来评估精液成分对EET形成的影响。采用标准化方法从珍妮外周血中分离pmn。用流式细胞仪分离嗜酸性粒细胞。选用3头可育驴精液配制处理，包括2个阴性对照（RPMI和Kenney溶液）、1个阳性对照（A23187）和4个实验组：精浆（SP）、精子(SPZ)-Kenney (K)、SPZ-SP、SPZ-K-SP。样品在孵育0和3 h时进行分析。用光谱流式细胞仪检测嗜酸性粒细胞核荧光变化，用SYTOX Green染色，评估EET的形成。共聚焦显微镜证实EET结构。时间3时，精浆治疗组与阴性对照（RPMI）的大部分分析参数差异有统计学意义（p <； 0.05）。值得注意的是，细胞大小在时间0时已经显示出显著差异（p <； 0.05）。在SPZ-SP和SPZ-K-SP组中观察到类似但不太明显的反应，可能是由于精浆稀释。单独使用精子没有明显的效果。这些发现表明，嗜酸性粒细胞响应精浆迅速释放细胞外陷阱，可能调节受精后子宫免疫反应。

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引用次数: 0

The follicular fluid regulates sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in the donkey while alleviating oxidative stress 卵泡液调节驴精子获能和顶体反应，同时减轻氧化应激。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108016

Jaime Catalán , Lorena Padilla , Carolina Maside , Jesús Martínez-Hernández , Jordi Miró , Marc Yeste

The follicular fluid (FF) is a complex and dynamic biological medium that surrounds the oocytes during their development and growth. This fluid provides the necessary nutrients to both the oocyte and the surrounding cells, enabling the proper maturation of the oocyte. Additionally, the FF is involved in key sperm function processes, such as capacitation, which occurs when sperm reach the oviduct and are exposed to this fluid. Nevertheless, how this happens in donkeys has not been investigated. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the FF on sperm capacitation in the donkey. Preovulatory FF was obtained from five different Catalan jennies (two follicles per animal), and nine ejaculates from fertile Catalan donkeys were collected. Sperm were resuspended in four different treatments: non-capacitating medium (TBM), non-capacitating medium supplemented with 20 % FF (TBM+FF), capacitating medium (TCM), and capacitating medium supplemented with 20 % FF (TCM+FF). Samples were incubated at 38 °C for 120 min, and at 60 min, progesterone was added to induce the acrosome reaction. After 0, 60, 70, and 120 min of incubation, sperm motility, membrane lipid disorder, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and intracellular concentrations of calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxides were evaluated. These results suggest that the preovulatory FF promotes sperm capacitation in donkeys, as it increases intracellular calcium, membrane lipid disorder, and acrosome exocytosis, while maintaining sperm motility and reducing ROS concentration. Although the results are not entirely conclusive and further tests are needed, this study supports that the FF modulates sperm capacitation and alleviates the oxidative stress associated with this process.

卵泡液（FF）是一种复杂而动态的生物培养基，在卵母细胞发育和生长过程中包围着它们。这种液体为卵母细胞和周围细胞提供必要的营养，使卵母细胞适当成熟。此外，FF还参与精子的关键功能过程，如获能，当精子到达输卵管并暴露于这种液体时发生。然而，这种情况是如何发生在驴子身上的还没有被研究过。因此，本研究旨在评价FF对驴精子获能的影响。从5只不同的加泰罗尼亚驴（每只驴2个卵泡）中获得排卵期前的FF，并收集了9只肥沃的加泰罗尼亚驴的射精。精子在4种不同处理下重悬：无能性培养基（TBM）、添加20% % FF的无能性培养基（TBM+FF）、能性培养基（TCM）和添加20% % FF的能性培养基（TCM+FF）。38℃孵育120 min， 60 min加入黄体酮诱导顶体反应。在0、60、70和120 min孵育后，检测精子活力、膜脂紊乱、顶体完整性、线粒体膜电位（MMP）以及细胞内钙、活性氧（ROS）和超氧化物浓度。这些结果表明，排卵前FF促进驴精子获能，因为它增加细胞内钙、膜脂紊乱和顶体胞吐，同时保持精子活力并降低ROS浓度。虽然结果不完全是结论性的，需要进一步的测试，但本研究支持FF调节精子获能并减轻与此过程相关的氧化应激。

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引用次数: 0

Dimethyl tyrosine conjugated cell-penetrating peptides improved bovine blastocyst formation in vitro 二甲基酪氨酸偶联细胞穿透肽促进体外牛囊胚形成。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108015

Muhammad Anzar , Kosala Rajapaksha , Jaswant Singh , François Eudes

In vitro embryo production and cryopreservation are assisted reproductive technologies to propagate genetically superior cattle. The objective of this study was to improve blastocyst formation in fresh and vitrified D5 (IVF day = D0) bovine morulae exposed to dimethyl tyrosine (DMT) conjugated cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs; DMT-SS31 and DMT-mTP4, antioxidants). In Experiment 1, D3 and D5 embryos were exposed to either 0.5 µM Alexa 635 labeled-SS31 or -mTP4 in CR1aa medium, at 37 °C for 30 min. Half of the morulae were examined immediately, whereas the remainder were cultured to D8 (blastocyst stage). Localization of SS31 and mTP4 were observed in D3, D5 and D8 embryos. In Experiment 2, ROS generation in the presence of SS31 or mTP4 was determined in D5 morulae using H₂FFDA marker; both CPPs reduced ROS generation in morulae (P < 0.03). In Experiment 3, fresh and vitrified morulae were treated with SS31 or mTP4 (0.5 µM each) or nothing (control) in CR1aa medium, at 37 °C for 30 min. Formation of D8 blastocysts was reduced (P < 0.001) in vitrified versus fresh embryos and both SS31 and mTP4 produced more blastocysts than control (P < 0.05). In Experiment 4, concentration-dependent effects of SS31 (0, 0.5, 1 or 2 µM) on the blastocyst formation were assessed. In fresh and vitrified morulae, there were linear relationships between SS31 concentration and blastocyst formation, with 2 µM SS31 maximizing blastocyst formation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, cell-penetrating peptides in culture medium improved blastocyst formation of fresh or vitrified bovine morulae.

体外胚胎生产和低温保存是培育优良遗传牛的辅助生殖技术。本研究的目的是改善暴露于二甲基酪氨酸（DMT）结合的细胞穿透肽（CPPs； DMT- ss31和DMT- mtp4，抗氧化剂）的新鲜和玻璃化的D5（试管婴儿日= D0）牛胚泡的形成。在实验1中，D3和D5胚胎在CR1aa培养基中分别暴露于0.5 µM Alexa 635标记的ss31或-mTP4中，37°C, 30 min。立即检查半数桑葚胚，其余桑葚胚培养至D8（囊胚期）。在D3、D5和D8胚胎中观察到SS31和mTP4的定位。实验2采用H2FFDA标记测定SS31或mTP4存在时D5样品的ROS生成；两种CPPs均能减少桑椹胚中ROS的生成(P

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引用次数: 0

FNDC4 modulates in vitro bovine granulosa and theca cell metabolism and alters follicle development in vivo FNDC4在体外调节牛颗粒和卵泡细胞代谢，并改变体内卵泡发育

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108014

Mathilde Daudon , Christelle Ramé , Marcos H. Barreta , Alfredo Q. Antoniazzi , Valério M. Portela , Joëlle Dupont , Christopher A. Price

Metabolism has long been linked to fertility in mammals, and animals such as dairy cattle experience periods of energy stress, particularly post-partum. To meet the energy demands of early lactation, cattle mobilize adipose reserves, which results in altered secretion of adipokines, such as adiponectin and irisin, hormones that have direct actions on ovarian follicle function. Irisin belongs to the fibronectin domain containing (FNDC) family of proteins, and has been shown to decrease granulosa and theca cell steroidogenesis and inhibit follicle growth. A second member of this protein family, FNDC4, is also considered a secreted adipokine, but its role in the ovarian follicle is unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that FNDC4 affects granulosa and theca cell function in vitro and causes follicle regression in cattle in vivo. Ultrasound-guided injection of FNDC4 directly into the first-wave growing follicle in vivo caused follicle regression whereas follicles injected with vehicle continued to grow and ovulated. To assess the mechanisms of FNDC4 action, we used well-established serum-free culture models of bovine granulosa and theca cells. Addition of FNDC4 to granulosa cells increased glucose uptake and GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT4 mRNA abundance, but did not modulate steroid secretion, cell viability, cell proliferation or lipid content. Addition of recombinant FNDC4 to theca cells decreased lipid content but did not alter steroidogenesis, cell proliferation or glucose uptake. In summary, FNDC4 modulates bovine granulosa and theca cell metabolism, and this may lead to disturbed follicle development.

长期以来，哺乳动物的新陈代谢一直与生育能力有关，奶牛等动物经历了一段时间的能量压力，尤其是产后。为了满足泌乳早期的能量需求，牛动员脂肪储备，从而改变脂肪因子的分泌，如脂联素和鸢尾素，这些激素对卵巢卵泡功能有直接作用。鸢尾素属于含有纤维连接蛋白结构域（FNDC）的蛋白家族，并已被证明可以减少颗粒和卵泡细胞的类固醇生成并抑制卵泡生长。该蛋白家族的第二个成员FNDC4也被认为是一种分泌脂肪因子，但其在卵巢卵泡中的作用尚不清楚。因此，我们假设FNDC4在体外影响颗粒和卵泡细胞功能，并导致牛体内卵泡退化。超声引导下将FNDC4直接注射到体内第一波生长卵泡中，导致卵泡退化，而注射了载体的卵泡继续生长和排卵。为了评估FNDC4的作用机制，我们使用了牛颗粒和卵泡细胞的无血清培养模型。在颗粒细胞中添加FNDC4增加了葡萄糖摄取和GLUT1、GLUT3和GLUT4 mRNA丰度，但不调节类固醇分泌、细胞活力、细胞增殖或脂质含量。向卵泡细胞中添加重组FNDC4可降低脂质含量，但不改变类固醇生成、细胞增殖或葡萄糖摄取。综上所述，FNDC4调节牛颗粒和卵泡细胞的代谢，这可能导致卵泡发育受到干扰。

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引用次数: 0

Programmed cell death ligands 1 and 2 and their receptor programmed cell death 1: Expression, regulation, and function at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs 程序性细胞死亡配体1和2及其受体程序性细胞死亡1：猪母胎界面的表达、调控和功能。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108013

Inkyu Yoo , Yugyeong Cheon , Eunhyeok Choi , Seonghyun Kim , Tae Sub Park , Hakhyun Ka

Programmed cell death (PD) ligand 1 (PDL1) and PDL2 and their receptor PD1 play critical roles in immunity, and an involvement of the PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling system in the immune tolerance during pregnancy has been suggested in humans. However, the role of the PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling system at the maternal-conceptus interface has not been studied in pigs. Thus, this study determined the expression, regulation, and function of the PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling pathway at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs. The endometrium expressed PDL1, PDL2, and PD1 mRNAs in a pregnancy stage-specific manner with greater levels of expression on Day 15 of pregnancy than on Day 15 of the estrous cycle. PDL1 protein was localized to some stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, PDL2 protein to luminal (LE) and glandular epithelial (GE) and endothelial cells, and PD1 protein to LE, GE, and some stromal cells, but not in T lymphocytes and endothelial cells. The conceptus tissues during early pregnancy and chorioallantoic tissues during mid- to late pregnancy expressed PD1, PDL1, and PDL2. Interferon-γ (IFNG) increased the expression of PDL1 and PDL2, but not PD1, in endometrial explants. PDL1 and PDL2 increased the expression of inhibitors of apoptosis in porcine uterine epithelial cells overexpressing PD1. These results suggest that the expression of PDL1 and PDL2 are induced by IFNG of conceptus origin and PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling may play an important role in maintaining the epithelial stability by regulation of apoptosis and controlling the endometrial environment for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.

Summary

The PDL1/PDL2-PD1 signaling system induced by conceptus-derived IFNG plays an important role in maintaining endometrial epithelial stability by increasing the epithelial expression of inhibitors of apoptosis during early pregnancy.

程序性细胞死亡（PD）配体1 （PDL1）和PDL2及其受体PD1在免疫中起关键作用，并且PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号系统参与了人类妊娠期间的免疫耐受。然而，PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号系统在母胎界面的作用尚未在猪中研究过。因此，本研究确定了PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号通路在母猪母胎界面的表达、调控和功能。子宫内膜以妊娠期特异性方式表达PDL1、PDL2和PD1 mrna，妊娠第15天的表达水平高于发情周期第15天的表达水平。PDL1蛋白定位于部分间质细胞和血管平滑肌细胞，PDL2蛋白定位于管腔上皮（LE）和腺上皮（GE）和内皮细胞，PD1蛋白定位于管腔上皮、腺上皮（GE）和部分间质细胞，但T淋巴细胞和内皮细胞不存在。妊娠早期的妊娠组织和妊娠中后期的绒毛膜尿囊组织表达PD1、PDL1和PDL2。干扰素-γ (IFNG)增加了子宫内膜外植体中PDL1和PDL2的表达，但没有增加PD1的表达。在过表达PD1的猪子宫上皮细胞中，PDL1和PDL2增加了凋亡抑制因子的表达。这些结果表明，妊娠源性IFNG诱导了PDL1和PDL2的表达，并且PDL1/PDL2- pd1信号通路可能通过调控细胞凋亡和控制子宫内膜环境在维持猪上皮细胞稳定性中发挥重要作用，从而促进了妊娠的建立和维持。摘要：孕源性IFNG诱导的PDL1/PDL2-PD1信号系统通过增加妊娠早期上皮细胞凋亡抑制剂的表达，在维持子宫内膜上皮稳定性中发挥重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Postpartum macrominerals and trace elements dynamics in cows: A potential early indicator of endometritis? 奶牛产后大量矿物质和微量元素动态：子宫内膜炎的潜在早期指标？

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108011

Mushap Kuru , Mustafa Makav , Murat Can Demir , Semra Kaya , Cihan Kaçar

This study aimed to investigate whether the changes in the concentrations of macromineral (Ca, P) and trace element (Fe, Zn, Cu) in cows during the postpartum (pp) period could serve as early indicators of endometritis. A total of forty Brown Swiss cows were evaluated for endometritis using rectal, vaginal and ultrasonographic examinations on pp day 28 and were divided into the following groups: Mild (n = 10), moderate (n = 10), severe (n = 10) endometritis and, control (n = 10) groups. The serum concentrations of Ca, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu were assessed at various pp time points (days 0–7, 14, 21, and 28), and notable alterations were detected in the endometritis groups. Compared to the control, Ca were significantly lower in the endometritis groups, particularly between days 1–5 and on day 21. Likewise, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Cu were lower in the endometritis groups, particularly on days 14 and 21. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that Ca, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu had significant diagnostic value for endometritis at specific pp time points. Specifically, Ca achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy on day 14 (AUC=0.920), P on day 21 (AUC=0.910), Fe on day 14 (AUC=0.950), Zn on day 28 (AUC=1.000) and Cu on day 21 (AUC=1.000). In conclusion, the serum Ca, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu concentrations during the pp period can be used as potential early diagnostic biomarkers for endometritis in cows.

本研究旨在探讨奶牛产后微量元素（Fe、Zn、Cu）和微量元素（Ca、P）浓度的变化是否可以作为子宫内膜炎的早期指标。采用直肠、阴道和超声检查对40头褐瑞士奶牛进行子宫内膜炎评估，并将其分为轻度（n = 10）、中度（n = 10）、重度（n = 10）子宫内膜炎组和对照组（n = 10）。在不同时间点（0-7天、14天、21天和28天）检测血清Ca、P、Fe、Zn和Cu的浓度，子宫内膜炎组检测到明显的变化。与对照组相比，子宫内膜炎组的钙含量显著降低，特别是在第1-5天和第21天。同样，子宫内膜炎组Fe、Zn和Cu的浓度较低，特别是在第14和21天。此外，受试者工作特征（ROC）分析显示，在特定的pp时间点，Ca、P、Fe、Zn和Cu对子宫内膜炎具有显著的诊断价值。其中，Ca在第14天的诊断准确率最高（AUC=0.920）， P在第21天（AUC=0.910）， Fe在第14天（AUC=0.950）， Zn在第28天（AUC=1.000）， Cu在第21天（AUC=1.000）。综上所述，妊娠期血清Ca、P、Fe、Zn和Cu浓度可作为奶牛子宫内膜炎早期诊断的生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of peripheral B and γδ T cells during postpartum and pregnancy in dairy cows 奶牛产后和妊娠期外周血B和γδ T细胞的动态变化。

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2025.108012

S. Cainelli , C. Engler , MB Peralta , AF Stassi , MS Renna , E. Angeli , HH Ortega , MML Velázquez

During postpartum, dairy cows experience immune modulation not only locally in the uterus, but also in the peripheral immune response in order to achieve implantation and pregnancy. This immune response is directly influenced by the hormonal milieu. The aim of this study was to analyze the number of circulating mononuclear immune cells, such as total T cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, γδ T cells, B cells, and monocytes, during mid- and late postpartum of dairy cows, taking into account the hormonal milieu. Dairy cows were grouped according to their parturition-conception interval (PCI), as follows: PCI shorter than 100 days (SPCI) and PCI longer than 170 days (LPCI). Percentages of peripheral mononuclear immune cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results showed that changes in the counts of total T cells, CD4 T cells and monocytes were not associated with the PCI or hormone concentrations. Differently, CD8 T cells at 45 days in milk were significantly higher in cows from the SPCI group than in those from the LPCI group. In addition, the main findings showed significant associations between the percentages of circulating B cells and γδ T cells and estradiol and progesterone concentrations during lactation. These associations between B cells, γδ T cells and the hormonal milieu may contribute to shorter PCIs through appropriate immunoregulation around conception and during pregnancy. This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive characterization of mononuclear cell populations beyond 50 days postpartum, revealing their peripheral dynamics during the establishment of receptive reproductive conditions.

在产后，奶牛不仅要经历子宫局部的免疫调节，而且要经历外周免疫应答，以实现着床和妊娠。这种免疫反应直接受到荷尔蒙环境的影响。本研究的目的是分析奶牛产后中后期循环单核免疫细胞的数量，如总T细胞、CD4 T细胞、CD8 T细胞、γδ T细胞、B细胞和单核细胞，并考虑激素环境。根据奶牛的分娩-受胎间隔（PCI）分为：PCI短于100天（SPCI）和PCI长于170天（LPCI）。流式细胞术检测外周血单核免疫细胞的百分率。结果显示，总T细胞、CD4 T细胞和单核细胞计数的变化与PCI或激素浓度无关。不同的是，45 d时，SPCI组奶牛的CD8 T细胞显著高于LPCI组奶牛。此外，主要研究结果显示，哺乳期循环B细胞和γδ T细胞百分比与雌二醇和孕酮浓度之间存在显著相关性。B细胞、γδ T细胞和激素环境之间的这些关联可能通过在受孕前后和怀孕期间进行适当的免疫调节来缩短PCIs。这项研究首次提供了产后50天以上的单核细胞群的综合特征，揭示了它们在建立接受性生殖条件期间的外围动态。

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引用次数: 0