Embryo transfer with high-producing animals as donors led to new problems. Optimal results depended on a strict preselection of donors. Animals with a) a critical anamnesis, b) a calving-superovulation interval of more than 90 days, or c) from herds with decreased fertility should be carefully evaluated prior to superovulation and embryo transfer. The advantage of preselected donors is that the proportion of morphologically damaged embryos is less and therefore the chance of misjudging embryo quality is lower. Even if the preselection of donors is possible, the use of high producing cows with critical anamnesis cannot be avoided in certain cases, especially if the owner wants to use such animals. A better selection of embryo viability might occur naturally if the embryos were recovered on days 10 to 12 instead of on day 7. However, the uterine conditions for embryonic survival worsen steadily after day 4. This embryonic loss cannot be tolerated, especially in very valuable cows. Also, tranfer results of 75 p. 100 or higher could apparently not be obtained with older embryos. The problems discussed force us to search for criteria other than morphological appearance for judging the viability of day 7 embryos.
以高产动物为供体的胚胎移植带来了新的问题。最佳结果取决于对供体的严格预选。a)严重健忘，b)产犊-超排卵间隔超过90天，或c)来自生育力下降的畜群的动物在超排卵和胚胎移植前应仔细评估。预选供体的优点是形态受损胚胎的比例较少，因此对胚胎质量的误判机会较低。即使可以预先选择供体，在某些情况下也不能避免使用具有严重记忆的高产奶牛，特别是如果主人想使用这种动物。如果胚胎在第10至12天恢复而不是在第7天恢复，可能会自然地更好地选择胚胎活力。然而，胚胎存活的子宫条件在第4天后逐渐恶化。这种胚胎损失是不能容忍的，特别是在非常有价值的奶牛身上。同样，年龄较大的胚胎显然无法获得75 p. 100或更高的移植结果。讨论的问题迫使我们寻找除了形态外观以外的标准来判断第7天胚胎的生存能力。
{"title":"Effect of the donor on egg quality and transfer results","authors":"J. Hahn, U. Schneider","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790922","url":null,"abstract":"Embryo transfer with high-producing animals as donors led to new problems. Optimal results depended on a strict preselection of donors. Animals with a) a critical anamnesis, b) a calving-superovulation interval of more than 90 days, or c) from herds with decreased fertility should be carefully evaluated prior to superovulation and embryo transfer. The advantage of preselected donors is that the proportion of morphologically damaged embryos is less and therefore the chance of misjudging embryo quality is lower. Even if the preselection of donors is possible, the use of high producing cows with critical anamnesis cannot be avoided in certain cases, especially if the owner wants to use such animals. A better selection of embryo viability might occur naturally if the embryos were recovered on days 10 to 12 instead of on day 7. However, the uterine conditions for embryonic survival worsen steadily after day 4. This embryonic loss cannot be tolerated, especially in very valuable cows. Also, tranfer results of 75 p. 100 or higher could apparently not be obtained with older embryos. The problems discussed force us to search for criteria other than morphological appearance for judging the viability of day 7 embryos.","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"94 1","pages":"1613-1617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90700504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sacquet, R. Lésel, C. Méjean, M. Riottot, C. Leprince
{"title":"Absence de transformation bactérienne des acides biliaires chez la truite arc-en-ciel, Saimo gairdneri, élevée à 16°C","authors":"E. Sacquet, R. Lésel, C. Méjean, M. Riottot, C. Leprince","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"33 1","pages":"385-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80801496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ejaculated ram spermatozoa were microspectrophotometrically observed as such (controls) or after incubation in the female genital tract (2 to 24 hrs). The nuclear DNA content, measured with UV light, did not significantly differ whether the spermatozoa were incubated in utero or not. However, quantitative measurements of various components, carried out with visible light on specifically stained cells, indicated that the sperm staining abilities were different. The Feulgen DNA increased in 60 p. 100 of the sperm samples incubated in utero. After the longest incubation periods, this was especially evident in 7 out of 8 ewes and 10 out of 10 ewes after 22 and 24 hrs, respectively. In these cases, the mean values for Feulgen DNA extinctions were increased by 21 and 29 p. 100. Most of the in utero-incubated samples (19/21) had the highest extinction values when stained with Fast Green for arginine-rich basic proteins. The nuclear area of in utero-incubated sperm was increased as compared to the non-incubated one. This increase was especially evident after an 18 to 24 hrs incubation. Differences in staining ability would be due to modifications in chromatin structure. The significance of these changes in relation to the preparation of spermatozoa for fertilization has been discussed. The appearance of abnormalities on some spermatozoa, seen after staining with Fast-Green, might indicate a deleterious effect of the uterine environment on already altered spermatozoa.
{"title":"Etude cytophotométrique de l'ADN et des nucléoprotéines des spermatozoïdes du bélier : influence du séjour dans les voies génitales de la brebis","authors":"J. Nicolle, C. Esnault, M. Courot","doi":"10.1051/RND:19791017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19791017","url":null,"abstract":"Ejaculated ram spermatozoa were microspectrophotometrically observed as such (controls) or after incubation in the female genital tract (2 to 24 hrs). The nuclear DNA content, measured with UV light, did not significantly differ whether the spermatozoa were incubated in utero or not. However, quantitative measurements of various components, carried out with visible light on specifically stained cells, indicated that the sperm staining abilities were different. The Feulgen DNA increased in 60 p. 100 of the sperm samples incubated in utero. After the longest incubation periods, this was especially evident in 7 out of 8 ewes and 10 out of 10 ewes after 22 and 24 hrs, respectively. In these cases, the mean values for Feulgen DNA extinctions were increased by 21 and 29 p. 100. Most of the in utero-incubated samples (19/21) had the highest extinction values when stained with Fast Green for arginine-rich basic proteins. The nuclear area of in utero-incubated sperm was increased as compared to the non-incubated one. This increase was especially evident after an 18 to 24 hrs incubation. Differences in staining ability would be due to modifications in chromatin structure. The significance of these changes in relation to the preparation of spermatozoa for fertilization has been discussed. The appearance of abnormalities on some spermatozoa, seen after staining with Fast-Green, might indicate a deleterious effect of the uterine environment on already altered spermatozoa.","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"20 1","pages":"1817-1826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75795159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-atretic bovine follicles of varying sizes and obtained at different stages of the oestrous cycle were cultured for 24 hrs, (1) on grids in a conventional static system, (2) in rolling tubes or (3) in a continuous flux system ; after culture steroids were determined in the culture media. For comparative purposes determinations were also made of the profile of steroids secreted into the follicular fluid by follicles in vivo. Small (2.0-5.0 mm in diameter) sized follicles in vivo secreted high levels of testosterone, lower amounts of progesterone and little amounts of cestradio)-17p into the follicular fluid. The profile of steroids secreted by this class of follicles in vitro depended upon the culture system used. In the static and rolling tube systems the small sized follicles secreted steroids in a pattern similar to that in the follicular fluid in vivo in this respect that testosterone is the main steroid secreted. An entirely different pattern, dominated by high cestradiol-17P levels, was produced when these follicles were cultured in the continuous flux system. Medium (5.1-8.0 mm in diameter) sized follicles in vivo secreted nearly equal amounts of the three steroids mentioned. Also in this class of follicles the steroid production in vitro
{"title":"Steroïd production by bovine follicles in vitro : influence of size, stage of cycle and culture system","authors":"T. Kruip, S. Dieleman, R. Moor","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790915","url":null,"abstract":"Non-atretic bovine follicles of varying sizes and obtained at different stages of the oestrous cycle were cultured for 24 hrs, (1) on grids in a conventional static system, (2) in rolling tubes or (3) in a continuous flux system ; after culture steroids were determined in the culture media. For comparative purposes determinations were also made of the profile of steroids secreted into the follicular fluid by follicles in vivo. Small (2.0-5.0 mm in diameter) sized follicles in vivo secreted high levels of testosterone, lower amounts of progesterone and little amounts of cestradio)-17p into the follicular fluid. The profile of steroids secreted by this class of follicles in vitro depended upon the culture system used. In the static and rolling tube systems the small sized follicles secreted steroids in a pattern similar to that in the follicular fluid in vivo in this respect that testosterone is the main steroid secreted. An entirely different pattern, dominated by high cestradiol-17P levels, was produced when these follicles were cultured in the continuous flux system. Medium (5.1-8.0 mm in diameter) sized follicles in vivo secreted nearly equal amounts of the three steroids mentioned. Also in this class of follicles the steroid production in vitro","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"251 1","pages":"1537-1545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75078146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary. Specific contrast of spermatid membranes was obtained using thiocarbohy-drazide and silver proteinate staining applied on sections of ram testis, rapidly fixed and embedded in Spurr’s medium. The contrast first appeared in the Golgi cisternae of young spermatids before becoming apparent in the proacrosomal granules, which later showed no more contrast while the acrosomal membrane began to stain. Some stained parts of that membrane were emitted in the cytoplasm of early elongating spermatids as posta-crosomal vesicles (Courtens, 1978a). These vesicles were carried to the posterior cyto-plasm of elongated spermatids, following a well-defined route into the cell. They finally fused with the plasma membrane which was progressively stained with the cytochemical procedure used. The controls might indicate the staining of lipid-associated subtsance(s).
{"title":"Modifications in the plasma membrane of elongated ram spermatids : A cytochemical study","authors":"J. Courtens","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790701","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. Specific contrast of spermatid membranes was obtained using thiocarbohy-drazide and silver proteinate staining applied on sections of ram testis, rapidly fixed and embedded in Spurr’s medium. The contrast first appeared in the Golgi cisternae of young spermatids before becoming apparent in the proacrosomal granules, which later showed no more contrast while the acrosomal membrane began to stain. Some stained parts of that membrane were emitted in the cytoplasm of early elongating spermatids as posta-crosomal vesicles (Courtens, 1978a). These vesicles were carried to the posterior cyto-plasm of elongated spermatids, following a well-defined route into the cell. They finally fused with the plasma membrane which was progressively stained with the cytochemical procedure used. The controls might indicate the staining of lipid-associated subtsance(s).","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"37 1","pages":"989-997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76109823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The human ovary during puberty J. Grinsted, Hannah Peters
{"title":"The human ovary during puberty","authors":"J. Grinsted, H. Peters","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790906","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. The human ovary during puberty J. Grinsted, Hannah Peters","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"82 1","pages":"1455-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81245964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Cluzan, M. Suschetet, G. Rocquelin, R. Levillain
{"title":"A. Recherches anatomopathologiques chez le rat ingérant différentes doses d'huile d'arachide ou d'huile de colza à faible teneur en acide érucique (Huile de colza Primor). 5a. Etude histologique du myocarde","authors":"R. Cluzan, M. Suschetet, G. Rocquelin, R. Levillain","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"36 1","pages":"497-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Frydman, Berardi Jc, M.-N. Bachelier, A. Spira, É. Papiernik
Summary. An evaluation of maternal eating behavior and its effects on fetal weight. Newborn mortality and disease are directly related to birthweight, and insufficient or excess weight at birth is always accompanied by an increase of these factors. In this report we attempted to determine if there was any relation between the nutritional status of the mother and the birthweight of the infant by evaluating the diet spontaneously eaten by women before pregnancy, at mid-pregnancy and during the last trimester. The preliminary results of this study indicated the significance of nutritional status before pregnancy and that the diet during the last trimester was especially important since it had considerable effect on the phase of rapid growth in the newborn.
{"title":"Evaluation du comportement alimentaire maternel. Ses conséquences sur le poids fœtal","authors":"R. Frydman, Berardi Jc, M.-N. Bachelier, A. Spira, É. Papiernik","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790202","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. An evaluation of maternal eating behavior and its effects on fetal weight. Newborn mortality and disease are directly related to birthweight, and insufficient or excess weight at birth is always accompanied by an increase of these factors. In this report we attempted to determine if there was any relation between the nutritional status of the mother and the birthweight of the infant by evaluating the diet spontaneously eaten by women before pregnancy, at mid-pregnancy and during the last trimester. The preliminary results of this study indicated the significance of nutritional status before pregnancy and that the diet during the last trimester was especially important since it had considerable effect on the phase of rapid growth in the newborn.","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"2006 1","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82551188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mammalian fetus receives energy fuels from its mother through the placenta. The placental transfer of substrates depends upon the placental permeability to the substrate and upon the difference of concentration of the substrate in maternal and fetal blood. The fetus uses the substrates for 3 purposes : synthesis of new tissues (growth), oxidative metabolism and building of energy stores. Since the 02 consumption per Kg of body weight is relatively constant among the different species, the partitioning of substrates in anabolic and catabolic pathways is related to the rate of fetal growth. Glucose and lactate account for a large part of the oxidative needs of the fetus, but amino acids catabolism plays also an important role. During maternal starvation, ketone bodies can be used as oxidative substrates by the fetus of monogastrics. The fetus has a low capacity to oxidize free fatty acids, even in species in which the placental transfer of these substrates occurs rapidly. Free fatty acids are used as precursors of complex lipids or are stored in fetal adipose tissues or liver. Several recent observations suggest that gluconeogenesis could occur in the fetus of ruminants, and thus could allow the transformation of lactate and amino acids into glucose before utilization by individual tissues of the fetus (brain, skeletal muscle, heart). The hormones secreted by the fetus has been shown to play an important role in inducing the storage of glycogen in fetal liver (glucocorticoids and a pituitary hormone) and the accumulation of triglycerides in fetal adipose tissue (insulin).
{"title":"Fuel metabolism in the mammalian fetus","authors":"J. Girard, E. Pintado, P. Ferré","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790206","url":null,"abstract":"The mammalian fetus receives energy fuels from its mother through the placenta. The placental transfer of substrates depends upon the placental permeability to the substrate and upon the difference of concentration of the substrate in maternal and fetal blood. The fetus uses the substrates for 3 purposes : synthesis of new tissues (growth), oxidative metabolism and building of energy stores. Since the 02 consumption per Kg of body weight is relatively constant among the different species, the partitioning of substrates in anabolic and catabolic pathways is related to the rate of fetal growth. Glucose and lactate account for a large part of the oxidative needs of the fetus, but amino acids catabolism plays also an important role. During maternal starvation, ketone bodies can be used as oxidative substrates by the fetus of monogastrics. The fetus has a low capacity to oxidize free fatty acids, even in species in which the placental transfer of these substrates occurs rapidly. Free fatty acids are used as precursors of complex lipids or are stored in fetal adipose tissues or liver. Several recent observations suggest that gluconeogenesis could occur in the fetus of ruminants, and thus could allow the transformation of lactate and amino acids into glucose before utilization by individual tissues of the fetus (brain, skeletal muscle, heart). The hormones secreted by the fetus has been shown to play an important role in inducing the storage of glycogen in fetal liver (glucocorticoids and a pituitary hormone) and the accumulation of triglycerides in fetal adipose tissue (insulin).","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"1097 1","pages":"181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76730411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"H-Y antigen in the mammalian female","authors":"S. Wachtel","doi":"10.1051/RND:19790806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/RND:19790806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7885,"journal":{"name":"Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique","volume":"46 1","pages":"1231-1237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77253128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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