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Importance of exogenous saturated fatty acids during brain development and myelination in mice 外源性饱和脂肪酸在小鼠脑发育和髓鞘形成中的重要性
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790205
J. Bourre, N. Gozlan-Devillierre, O. Morand, N. Baumann
was transported into the brain and incorporated into brain lipids. The labelled stearic acid taken up was partly metabolized in the brain either by elongation or by degradation and in situ resynthesis of fatty acids. The activity of oleic acid and mono-unsaturated chains was detectable. The labelled acids were incorporated into lipids or subcellular particles following characteristic kinetics, which showed a diminution by 24 hrs. When analyzing the evolution of each lipid, the phospholipids followed this pattern, but the cerebrosides and free fatty acids did not. The cerebrosides increased up to 50 hrs, while the free fatty acids remained stable, suggesting a physical binding between membranes and these acids. Myelin lipid radioactivity increased up to 3 days. Most of the activity was found in phospholipids; their fatty acids were labelled in saturated as well as in polyunsaturated homologues. However, sphingolipids, especially cerebrosides, also contained large amounts of radioactivity, mainly found in very long chain fatty acids such as lignoceric acid. The presence of unesterified fatty acids was observed. Unlike other lipids, these molecules were found in constant amounts, expressed in radioactivity per mg myelin lipid. The subcutaneously injected stearic acid was taken up by the brain through the blood-brain-barrier and incorporated into synaptosomal lipids as well as into other brain compartments. Phospholipids were potent acceptors. Moreover, a high level of radioactivity occurred in non-esterified fatty acids. A large amount of radioactivity was measured in isolated neurons and astrocytes. The bloodbrain relationship for stearic acid varied during development. Subcutaneously injected (I1’C) stearic acid was taken up by brain with related changes from birth to maturity. Total lipid radioactivity reached a maximum at 18 days of age and decreased afterwards until adulthood. However, specific radioactivity presented a higher value at 1 day of age and declined from then on. The injected acid was taken up at any age and partly metabolized in the brain either by elongation or by degradation in situ and resynthesis of new fatty acids. It was also desaturated and the oleic acid formed was eventually elongated. The incorporation of labelled stearic acid into brain lipid varied with the age of the injected animal.
被运送到大脑中并与脑脂质结合。所吸收的标记硬脂酸在大脑中通过延伸或脂肪酸的降解和原位再合成进行部分代谢。检测到油酸和单不饱和链的活性。标记的酸结合到脂质或亚细胞颗粒以下的特征动力学,这表明减少了24小时。当分析每种脂质的演变时,磷脂遵循这种模式,但脑苷和游离脂肪酸却没有。脑苷增加至50小时,而游离脂肪酸保持稳定,表明膜与这些酸之间存在物理结合。髓磷脂脂放射性增高至3天。大部分活性存在于磷脂中;它们的脂肪酸被标记为饱和和多不饱和同源物。然而,鞘脂,特别是脑苷,也含有大量的放射性,主要存在于木质素酸等很长链脂肪酸中。观察到未酯化脂肪酸的存在。与其他脂质不同,这些分子的数量是恒定的,以每毫克髓磷脂的放射性来表示。皮下注射的硬脂酸通过血脑屏障被大脑吸收,并结合到突触体脂质以及其他脑区室中。磷脂是有效的受体。此外,在非酯化脂肪酸中出现了高水平的放射性。在分离的神经元和星形胶质细胞中检测到大量的放射性。硬脂酸与血脑的关系在发育过程中有所不同。皮下注射的硬脂酸从出生到成熟都被大脑吸收,并有相关的变化。总脂质放射性在18日龄达到最大值,此后逐渐降低,直至成年。比放射性在1日龄时较高,此后逐渐下降。注射的酸在任何年龄都被吸收,并通过延伸或原位降解和新脂肪酸的再合成在大脑中部分代谢。它也被去饱和,形成的油酸最终被拉长。标记硬脂酸在脑脂质的掺入随注射动物的年龄而变化。
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引用次数: 10
Essai de conservation prolongée de gamètes à basse température, sans congélation 配子在低温下不冷冻的长期保存试验
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790305
L. Henriet, P. Estermans, B. Cuche, J. Maison
Trial of long-term gamete storage at low temperature without freezing. In this study we attempted long-term storage of living cells (particularly gametes) at a temperature lower than 0 OC. Contrary to other methods, avoiding cell disorganization no anti-crystallization agent was used. Preservation was obtained by lowering the freezing point of the cell medium by increasing the pressure. The cells thus treated emerged from the tests apparently intact, but the spermatozoa were not motile.
配子低温不冷冻长期贮藏试验。在这项研究中,我们尝试在低于0℃的温度下长期储存活细胞(特别是配子)。与其他方法相反,不使用抗结晶剂,避免了细胞的破坏。通过增加压力降低细胞培养基的凝固点来获得保存。经过这样处理的细胞在测试中似乎完好无损,但精子却不能运动。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the digestive microflora of holoxenic * rabbits from birth until adulthood 全盲兔从出生到成年的消化道菌群变化
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790501
P. Gouet, G. Fonty
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Changes in the digestive microflora of holoxenic * rabbits from birth until adulthood Ph. Gouet, G. Fonty
它是一个多学科的开放获取档案,用于科学研究文件的存储和传播,无论它们是否出版。这些文件可能来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构,也可能来自公共或私人研究中心。HAL开放多学科档案旨在存放和传播来自法国或外国教育和研究机构、公共或私人实验室的已发表或未发表的研究级科学文件。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,这个县的面积为,其中土地面积为,人口密度为每平方英里(1 /平方公里)。
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引用次数: 94
Testicular steroidogenesis and its regulation in the primate fetus and newborn 灵长类动物胎儿和新生儿睾丸甾体形成及其调控
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790817
I. Huhtaniemi, C. Korenbrot, P. Lautala, R. Jaffe
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引用次数: 5
In vitro studies of oocyte maturation and follicular metabolism in the pig 猪卵母细胞成熟和卵泡代谢的体外研究
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790914
M. Gérard, Y. Ménézo, P. Rombauts, D. Szöllösi, C. Thibault
centrations ; a significant level of progesterone is, however, always noted. A switch of E2/Pg ratio from 2.0 (or higher) to 0.15 occurs after the onset of estrus, when meiosis resumes. In vitro the E2/Pg ratio changes only in follicles of 7.0 mm or larger in diameter when either oFSH or oLH is added to the culture medium ; meiosis always resumes and the granulosa and cumulus cell reactions are similar to that occurring in vivo. During culture of follicles < 6 mm the reduction of the E2/Pg ratio is not observed whatever the nuclear status may be at the end of culture. For the nuclear maturation of oocytes high progesterone concentration thus does not seem to be necessary. No consistent morphological changes of the granulosa and cumulus cells could be associated with meiotic maturation of the oocyte. Glucose consumption increases when gonadotropinsare added to the medium but maximal increase is only observed when meiosis resumes.
向心性;然而,黄体酮的显著水平总是被注意到。E2/Pg比值从2.0(或更高)切换到0.15发生在发情开始后,当减数分裂恢复。在体外,当培养基中加入oFSH或oLH时,E2/Pg比值仅在直径为7.0 mm或更大的卵泡中发生变化;减数分裂总是恢复,颗粒和积云细胞的反应类似于在体内发生的反应。在< 6mm卵泡的培养过程中,无论培养结束时的核状态如何,E2/Pg比值均未观察到降低。因此,对于卵母细胞的核成熟,高黄体酮浓度似乎不是必需的。卵母细胞减数分裂成熟过程中颗粒和卵丘细胞形态变化不一致。当向培养基中添加促性腺激素时,葡萄糖消耗增加,但只有在减数分裂恢复时才观察到最大的增加。
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引用次数: 37
Effect of type and amount of dietary fat on bile flow and composition in rats 饲料脂肪种类和数量对大鼠胆汁流量和组成的影响
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19791009
M. Boquillon, J. Clément, M. Boutillon, M. Chabin
Summary. The output of bile and biliary components (biliary salts, phospholipids, cholesterol) during the first hour after bile duct catheterization have been determined in conscious rats fed either a commercial diet or semi-purified diets containing 7 or 20 p. 100 of corn oil or 20 p. 100 of lard or mutton tallow. In those conditions, there was no significant difference in bile or biliary salts output among the various experimental groups. On the contrary, the output of cholesterol and, to a lesser extent, that of phospholipids augmented when the percentage of corn oil in the diet was increased from 7 to 20 p. 100 ; as compared to the former group, the output of these two components was lower in the « lard » and « mutton tallow » groups. Among the groups receiving the high-fat diets, absolute and relative biliary phospholipid concentrations were highest in the lard group, while the absolute biliary cholesterol concentration was identical in the lard and mutton tallow groups but lower than in the « corn oil » group. The relative bile salts concentrations were significantly different in the groups fed the semi-purified diets ; the highest value was found in the mutton tallow and corn oil groups (20 p. 100). The proportions of biliary lecithins, as compared to total phospholipids, were constant in the different groups, but the fatty acid patterns of biliary lecithins varied according to the diet fed. During the 6 hrs that the enterohepatic circulation was interrupted, biliary salts and phospholipid outputs decreased from the beginning of collection to the end, particularly when the initial value was higher ; the decrease of cholesterol output was noticeable only in rats fed corn oil. From these experiments, in which dietary protein content remained constant at 17 p. 100, we concluded that dietary fats generally interfere in the synthesis and secretion of biliary components ; feeding 20 p. 100 of corn oil in the diet particularly led to increased phos- pholipid and cholesterol excretion through the bile. In rats fed a 20 p. 100 lard diet, biliary phospholipid output and concentration increased while the bile flow rate tended to decrease.
总结。在胆管插管后的第一个小时内,测定了有意识的大鼠的胆汁和胆道成分(胆道盐、磷脂、胆固醇)的排泄量,这些大鼠分别饲喂含有7或20p . 100玉米油或20p . 100猪油或羊脂的商业饲料或半纯化饲料。在这些条件下,不同实验组的胆汁或胆盐输出量无显著差异。相反,当饲粮中玉米油的比例从7%增加到20%时,胆固醇产量增加,磷脂产量增加,但增加幅度较小;与前一组相比,“猪油”和“羊脂”组这两种成分的产量较低。在接受高脂肪饮食的组中,猪油组的绝对和相对胆道磷脂浓度最高,而猪油组和羊脂组的绝对胆道胆固醇浓度相同,但低于玉米油组。饲喂半纯化饲料的各组相对胆盐浓度差异显著;在羊脂和玉米油组中发现的值最高(20 p. 100)。与总磷脂相比,胆磷脂的比例在不同的组中是不变的,但胆磷脂的脂肪酸模式随饲料的不同而变化。在肠肝循环中断的6小时内,从收集开始到结束,胆盐和磷脂的产量都在下降,特别是当初始值较高时;仅在玉米油喂养的大鼠中,胆固醇含量明显下降。从这些实验中,膳食蛋白质含量保持在17p . 100不变,我们得出结论,膳食脂肪通常会干扰胆道成分的合成和分泌;饲粮中添加20 p. 100的玉米油尤其会增加通过胆汁排出的磷脂和胆固醇。饲喂20 p. 100猪油日粮的大鼠胆磷脂输出量和浓度增加,而胆汁流速有降低的趋势。
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引用次数: 12
Hydrolases bound to the intestinal brush border : An example of transmembrane proteins 结合在肠刷边缘的水解酶:跨膜蛋白的一个例子
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790614
S. Maroux, D. Louvard, M. Sémériva, P. Desnuelle
hydrophobic domain inserted in the membrane, stabilizing the head at the surface ; (c) a short segment penetrating into the cytoplasm. This type of transmembrane proteins could be implicated in the transfer of any kind of information from one side of the cellular plasma membrane to the other. In particular, the amino acids originating from peptides due to the catalytic activity of the « head » might be directly injected into the carrier system. This mechanism has not yet been experimentally confirmed. However, it would economize energy and explain why amino acids originating from peptides in the lumen were better adsorbed than free amino acids.
在膜上插入疏水结构域,使头部在表面稳定;(c)穿透细胞质的短节。这种类型的跨膜蛋白可能涉及任何类型的信息从细胞质膜的一边转移到另一边。特别是,由于“头部”的催化活性,源自肽的氨基酸可能直接注入载体体系。这一机制尚未得到实验证实。然而,这将节省能量,并解释了为什么来自腔内肽的氨基酸比游离氨基酸更容易被吸附。
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引用次数: 5
Effects of undernutrition during late pregnancy on gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in twin-pregnant ewes 妊娠后期营养不良对双孕母羊糖异生和生酮的影响
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790212
C. Rémésy, C. Demigné
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引用次数: 7
Effect of vitamin D or calcium deficiency on duodenal, jejunal and ileal calcium-binding protein and on plasma calcium and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in the growing pig 维生素D或钙缺乏对生长猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠钙结合蛋白及血浆钙和25-羟基胆骨化醇水平的影响
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790611
M. Thomasset, A. Pointillart, P. Cuisinier-Gleizes, L. Guéguen, N. Gouhier, A. Subrenat, C. Colin, A. Porteu
In vitamin D-deficient pigs the amount of intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) decreased by 33 p. 100 in the proximal duodenum and by 70 p. 100 in the midjejunum ; it was unmeasurable in the distal ileum. Plasma calcium levels declined significantly and plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol level was undetectable. The pigs adapted to a calcium-deficient diet by considerably increasing jejunal and ileal CaBP.
维生素d缺乏的猪肠钙结合蛋白(CaBP)在近端十二指肠和中段空肠分别减少33.1%和7.1%;回肠远端无法测量。血浆钙水平明显下降,血浆25-羟基胆骨化醇水平检测不到。猪通过显著增加空肠和回肠CaBP来适应缺钙日粮。
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引用次数: 6
Application of a simulation method for the study of beginning growth in ovarian follicles 应用模拟方法研究卵巢卵泡开始生长
Pub Date : 1979-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/RND:19790904
J. Mariana, J. Meyer
A study of mathematical models capable of describing the structure of the ovarian follicle population led us to define three important factors (Mariana and Millier,1977) : 1) initiation of growth in small follicles with one layer of cells surrounding the oocyte ; 2) follicular growth by granulosa cell multiplication, increase in oocyte size and formation of the antrum ; 3) follicle disappearance due to atresia or ovulation.
对能够描述卵巢卵泡群结构的数学模型的研究使我们确定了三个重要因素(Mariana和Millier,1977): 1)在卵母细胞周围有一层细胞的小卵泡中开始生长;2)卵泡生长通过颗粒细胞增殖,卵母细胞增大,形成卵泡腔;3)因闭锁或排卵导致卵泡消失。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Annales De Biologie Animale Biochimie Biophysique
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