Ohm's law for electrical conduction in metals is one of the first concepts taught in any physics curriculum. It is perfectly adequate in almost all practical circumstances, but breaks down in some special, interesting cases. To observe such breakdowns, one requires extremely pure materials, which are rare and often difficult to produce. Excitingly, forefront materials research is leading to the discovery of more and more examples in which one can break the ‘purity barrier’ and explore non-Ohmic transport. The rapid development of the field is seeing equally rapid developments in the understanding of exotic non-Ohmic regimes, but this is not always a smooth progression. New layers of insight often involve reversing what have previously been regarded as established facts. Indeed, the interpretations given of experimental data in many papers published less than a decade ago would (or should!) be different today. The goal of this article is to give an entry-level guide to some of the pertinent issues that have emerged from this intense decade of research, attempting to keep the style of the presentation as informal and non-mathematical as is practical. Although source literature will be cited, no attempt will be made at comprehensive citation, so the paper should not be regarded as a review. Rather, an effort will be made to identify and explain some issues that the authors believe are important but not sufficiently emphasized in the literature to date. In that sense the paper should be regarded as a kind of opinion piece, with, hopefully, some didactic value to a reader with a solid grounding in traditional condensed matter physics.
This work will explore the generations of quantum nonlocalities (as entanglement, Bellnonlocality, and steerability) for two quantum wells (excitons) in dissipative microcavities containing a linear optical medium. An optical fiber links the microcavities. The generated two-exciton nonlocalities are explored by using Bell inequality, steering inequality, and entanglement of formation. For initial correlated and uncorrelated states, the ability of the excitation–photon–fiber interactions to produce new generation and robustness of the two-exciton nonlocality is investigated under the effects of the couplings of the exciton–photon and fiber–photon interactions as well as of the dissipations and the optical susceptibility. It is found that increasing the optical susceptibility enhances the regularity and amplitudes, reduces the frequencies of two-exciton nonlocality dynamics, and supports dissipation degradations. For the initial uncorrelated state, decreasing the difference between the exciton–photon and fiber–photon couplings enhances the generations of the nonlocalities. For the initial correlated state, increasing the exciton–photon and fiber–photon couplings enhances the nonlocality conservation. For open microcavites, increasing the exciton–photon and fiber–photon couplings and the difference between them supports the nonlocality degradations resulting from the external environment dissipations.
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