Annals of Neurosciences最新文献_第8页

The Study of Clinical Phenotypes and Analysis of Mutations in L1 Syndrome L1综合征临床表型研究及突变分析

Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231185224

Madhan Shrinivasamurthy, Shreeshail V Benakanal, Nagaraj Kakanahalli

Background L1CAM protein plays a crucial role during early development and mutations in L1CAM cause L1 syndrome. L1 syndrome demonstrates a highly variable presentation within and between families. The clinical symptoms of L1 syndrome include mental retardation, hydrocephalus, spasticity, aphasia, and adducted thumb. Mutations in L1CAM gene were found to affect structurally essential key residues in extracellular region of L1 leading to changes in protein binding properties. In most cases, these mutations create unexpected phenotypes which need to be understood thoroughly. Purpose The L1 syndrome patients were identified by various phenotypes like mental retardation, hydrocephalus, aphasia, spasticity, adducted thumb, etc., and the patients or mental retardation (MR) children who had more than three symptoms. This study aimed to screen mutations in multiple exons by Sanger sequencing. Methods The present study employed primers which are designed for specific exons of L1CAM gene to amplify and sequence the amplified product to detect the mutations in L1 syndrome patients by the Sanger sequencing. Chi-square test was used to determine the mutation detection rate with the number of L1 syndrome phenotypes and several i n silico programs were used to investigate potential effects of the variants. Results The nine different mutations in six patients. The mutation detection rate was high (83.33%) in patients with more than one L1 syndrome phenotype and in patients with more than one affected member in a family compared to patients with single phenotypes and negative family history (16.6%). Conclusion The mutation detection rate was related to the presence of typical L1 syndrome phenotypes and the family history. Screening of L1CAM gene mutations in the Indian population is much needed to analyze the mutations and understand the mechanism underlying L1 disease. The present study has identified some novel mutations which are implicated in alterations in various biological functions during development leading to pathogenesis of L1 syndrome.

L1CAM蛋白在早期发育过程中起着至关重要的作用，L1CAM突变导致L1综合征。L1综合征在家族内部和家族之间的表现差异很大。L1综合征的临床症状包括智力低下、脑积水、痉挛、失语和拇指内收。发现L1CAM基因突变会影响L1胞外区结构上必需的关键残基，导致蛋白质结合特性的改变。在大多数情况下，这些突变会产生意想不到的表型，需要彻底了解。目的通过智力迟钝、脑积水、失语、痉挛、拇指内收等多种表型对L1综合征患者进行鉴别，并对有三种以上症状的患者或智力迟钝(MR)患儿进行鉴别。本研究旨在通过Sanger测序筛选多个外显子的突变。方法本研究采用针对L1CAM基因特定外显子设计的引物对扩增产物进行扩增和测序，通过Sanger测序检测L1综合征患者的突变。使用卡方检验确定突变检出率与L1综合征表型的数量，并使用几个计算机程序来研究变异的潜在影响。结果6例患者存在9种不同的突变。具有1种以上L1综合征表型和家族中有1人以上患者的突变检出率(83.33%)高于单一表型和阴性家族史患者(16.6%)。结论突变检出率与典型L1综合征表型的存在及家族史有关。在印度人群中筛选L1 cam基因突变是分析突变和了解L1疾病的潜在机制的必要条件。本研究发现了一些新的突变，这些突变与发育过程中各种生物学功能的改变有关，从而导致L1综合征的发病机制。

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引用次数: 0

Primary Spinal Intradural Extramedullary Ewing’s Sarcoma/Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumour Masquerading Clinically as a Neurogenic Tumour: A Case Report and Review of Literature 原发性脊髓硬膜内髓外尤文氏肉瘤/周围神经外胚层肿瘤临床伪装为神经源性肿瘤1例报告及文献复习

Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231190979

B. K. Praveen, Saikat Das, Manish Gupta, Deepti Joshi, Hemlata Panwar

Ewing’s Sarcomas (ES)/Peripheral neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET) are heterogenous group of rare, highly malignant, undifferentiated primitive round-cell neoplasms of neuroectodermal origin. pPNETs are seldom observed to involve the spine of which Spinal Intradural Extramedullary Extraosseous Primary ES/pPNET are extremely rare. We report a case of a 23-year-old male with complaints of low backache and hip pain radiating to the left inguinal region for four months. Radiology findings were suggestive of a neurogenic tumour. Cytomorphology, histomorphology and immunohistochemistry evaluation were done. Diagnosis was consistent with ES/pPNET. Careful correlation between clinical history, cytomorphology, histopathology, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis can help to distinguish primary spinal ES/PNET from other primary spinal tumours and will help clinicians to start treatment at the earliest.

尤文氏肉瘤(ES)/周围神经外胚层肿瘤(pPNET)是一种罕见的、高度恶性的、未分化的、起源于神经外胚层的原始圆细胞肿瘤。很少观察到pPNETs累及脊柱，脊髓硬膜内髓外骨外原发性ES/pPNET极为罕见。我们报告一个23岁的男性病例，主诉腰痛和髋关节疼痛放射到左侧腹股沟区域四个月。影像学表现提示为神经源性肿瘤。进行细胞形态学、组织形态学及免疫组化评价。诊断符合ES/pPNET。临床病史、细胞形态学、组织病理学、免疫组织化学和分子分析之间的密切联系有助于将原发性脊柱ES/PNET与其他原发性脊柱肿瘤区分开来，并有助于临床医生尽早开始治疗。

引用次数: 0

Augmenting Trait Meta-Mood: An Intervention to Enhance Psychological Well-being and Academic Achievement in Adolescents 增强特质元情绪:促进青少年心理健康和学业成就的干预措施

Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231194898

Vijay Rana, Pragyan Dangwal, P. C. Mishra

Background The period of adolescence is a crucial phase of development marked by significant transformations in emotional experiences, cognitive processes, and social interactions. Throughout this stage, individuals encounter diverse challenges that can influence their psychological well-being and academic performance. Existing research has highlighted the importance of trait meta-mood, which involves the ability to understand and regulate one’s own emotions, in shaping overall functioning during adolescence. However, there is a lack of comprehensive interventions specifically focusing on enhancing trait meta-mood in this population. Thus, this study aims to address this gap by investigating the effectiveness of an intervention program designed to improve trait meta-mood in adolescents. Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the intervention program on academic achievement, psychological well-being, and trait meta-mood in adolescents. Methods The study employed a pre- and post-experimental design. Participants included adolescents aged 15–17 years. The intervention program consisted of a series of workshops and activities aimed at promoting self-awareness, emotional regulation, and positive cognitive strategies. Pre- and post-intervention measures were used to assess academic achievement, psychological well-being, and trait meta-mood. Results The findings of this study indicate that the intervention program significantly enhanced academic achievement, psychological well-being, and trait meta-mood of adolescents. Participants who underwent the intervention demonstrated improved self-awareness, emotional regulation skills, and positive cognitive strategies. Moreover, these improvements were associated with higher levels of psychological well-being and academic achievement. Conclusion The results suggest that the intervention program designed to enhance trait meta-mood in adolescents is effective in improving academic achievement, psychological well-being, and trait meta-mood. The findings highlight the importance of promoting self-awareness, emotional regulation, and positive cognitive strategies in interventions targeting adolescents, as they contribute to overall well-being and academic success.

青少年时期是发育的关键阶段，以情感体验、认知过程和社会互动的重大转变为标志。在这个阶段，个人会遇到各种各样的挑战，这些挑战会影响他们的心理健康和学习成绩。现有的研究强调了特质元情绪的重要性，它涉及理解和调节自己情绪的能力，在塑造青春期的整体功能。然而，在这一人群中，缺乏专门针对增强特质元情绪的综合干预措施。因此，本研究旨在通过调查旨在改善青少年特质元情绪的干预方案的有效性来解决这一差距。目的探讨干预方案对青少年学业成绩、心理健康和特质元情绪的影响。方法采用实验前和实验后设计。参与者包括15-17岁的青少年。干预计划包括一系列研讨会和活动，旨在促进自我意识，情绪调节和积极的认知策略。采用干预前和干预后的测量来评估学业成就、心理健康和特质元情绪。结果干预方案对青少年学业成绩、心理健康和特质元情绪有显著的促进作用。接受干预的参与者表现出自我意识、情绪调节技能和积极的认知策略的改善。此外，这些改善与更高水平的心理健康和学业成就有关。结论提高青少年特质元情绪的干预方案在改善学业成绩、心理健康和特质元情绪方面是有效的。研究结果强调了在针对青少年的干预中促进自我意识、情绪调节和积极认知策略的重要性，因为它们有助于整体幸福感和学业成功。

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引用次数: 0

Graph Theoretical Measures for Alzheimer’s, MCI, and Normal Controls: A Comparative Study Using MRI Data 阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知障碍和正常对照的图理论测量:使用MRI数据的比较研究

IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231186503

Rakhi Sharma, S. Joshi

The Graph theory provides the platform that could be used to model complex brain networks mathematically, and it could play a significant role in the diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The main aim of our study is to perform a comparative analysis in terms of various graph theoretic measures of structural brain networks. In particular, the paper evaluates graph theoretical measures by first forming graphs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. In this paper, we study and evaluate graph theoretical measures using MRI data, namely characteristic path length, global efficiency, strength, and clustering coefficient, in a cohort of normal controls ( N = 30), a cohort of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ( N = 30), and a cohort of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ( N = 30). In our work, MRI data is preprocessed and cortical thickness is extracted for each brain region. The connectivity matrix is obtained, and thus a graph is formed. We have also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC analyses of all graph theoretical measures to better elucidate and validate the results. It is observed that these measures may be used to differentiate Alzheimer’s from normal. In our study, we observed that a very random and disrupted network is obtained in the case of Alzheimer’s in comparison with the normal and MCI cases. The other observations in terms of graph theoretic measures are an increase in characteristic path length, a decrease in global efficiency, a decrease in strength, and a reduction in values of the clustering coefficient in the case of Alzheimer’s. The findings suggest that graph theoretical measures and alterations in network topology could be used as quantitative biomarkers of AD.

图论提供了一个平台，可以用来对复杂的大脑网络进行数学建模，它可以在各种神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默氏症)的诊断中发挥重要作用。我们研究的主要目的是根据结构脑网络的各种图论测量进行比较分析。特别是，本文通过首先使用磁共振成像(MRI)数据形成图来评估图理论措施。在本文中，我们使用MRI数据研究和评估图理论测量，即特征路径长度，整体效率，强度和聚类系数，在正常对照组(N = 30)，轻度认知障碍(MCI)队列(N = 30)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)队列(N = 30)中。在我们的工作中，对MRI数据进行预处理，并提取每个大脑区域的皮质厚度。得到连通矩阵，从而形成图。我们还对所有图理论测量进行了受试者工作特征(ROC)和ROC下面积分析，以更好地阐明和验证结果。据观察，这些措施可用于区分阿尔茨海默氏症与正常人。在我们的研究中，我们观察到，与正常和轻度认知障碍病例相比，阿尔茨海默氏症的病例中获得了一个非常随机和中断的网络。图论测量方面的其他观察结果是特征路径长度的增加，全局效率的降低，强度的降低，以及阿尔茨海默氏症中聚类系数值的降低。研究结果表明，图理论测量和网络拓扑结构的改变可以作为AD的定量生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparative Study 重度抑郁症患者静息状态功能磁共振成像连接性的评估：一项比较研究

IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231191889

Paramdeep Singh, Jawahar Singh, S. Peer, Manav Jindal, S. Khokhar, Abhilash Ludhiadch, A. Munshi

Resting-state functional connectivity analysis has a potential to unearth the putative neuronal underpinnings of various disorders of the brain. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is regarded as a disorder arising from alterations in functional networks of the brain. There is paucity of literature on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) in MDD, especially from the Indian subcontinent. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the differences in Rs-fMRI connectivity between MDD patients and age and gender matched healthy controls (HC). In this prospective single institute-based study, the patients were recruited consecutively based on Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Age and gender matched HC were also recruited. Rs-fMRI and anatomical MRI images were acquired for all the subjects (MDD and HC group) and subsequent analysis was done using the CONN toolbox. A total of 49 subjects were included in the final analysis (MDD = 28 patients, HC = 21). HAM-D score was noted to be 24.4 ± 4.8 in the MDD group. There was no significant difference between MDD and HC groups as far as age, gender, employment status, and level of education is concerned. Region-of-interest-based analysis of Rs-fMRI data showed a significantly lower connectivity between the left insula and left nucleus accumbens and between left paracingulate gyrus and bilateral posterior middle temporal gyri in MDD group as compared to HC group. There is reduced connectivity between certain key regions of the brain in MDD patients, that is, between the left insular cortex and the left nucleus accumbens and between the left paracingulate gyrus and the bilateral posterior middle temporal gyrus. These findings could explain the basis of clinical features of MDD such as anhedonia, rumination of thoughts, reduced visuo-spatial comprehension, reduced language function, and response to external stimuli.

静息状态功能连接分析有可能揭示大脑各种疾病的假定神经元基础。重性抑郁障碍（MDD）被认为是一种由大脑功能网络改变引起的障碍。关于MDD的静息状态功能性磁共振成像（Rs-fMRI）的文献很少，尤其是来自印度次大陆的文献。我们研究的目的是阐明MDD患者与年龄和性别匹配的健康对照（HC）之间Rs-fMRI连接的差异。在这项基于单个研究所的前瞻性研究中，根据汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（HAM-D）连续招募患者。还招募了年龄和性别匹配的HC。采集所有受试者（MDD和HC组）的Rs-fMRI和解剖MRI图像，并使用CONN工具箱进行后续分析。最终分析共包括49名受试者（MDD=28名患者，HC=21名）。MDD组的HAM-D评分为24.4±4.8。就年龄、性别、就业状况和教育水平而言，MDD组和HC组之间没有显著差异。基于感兴趣区域的Rs-fMRI数据分析显示，与HC组相比，MDD组左脑岛和左伏隔核之间以及左扣带旁回和双侧中颞后回之间的连接显著降低。MDD患者大脑某些关键区域之间的连接减少，即左侧岛叶皮层和左侧伏隔核之间以及左侧扣带旁回和双侧颞中后回之间。这些发现可以解释MDD临床特征的基础，如快感缺乏、思维沉思、视觉空间理解能力下降、语言功能下降和对外部刺激的反应。

{"title":"Assessment of Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparative Study","authors":"Paramdeep Singh, Jawahar Singh, S. Peer, Manav Jindal, S. Khokhar, Abhilash Ludhiadch, A. Munshi","doi":"10.1177/09727531231191889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231191889","url":null,"abstract":"Resting-state functional connectivity analysis has a potential to unearth the putative neuronal underpinnings of various disorders of the brain. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is regarded as a disorder arising from alterations in functional networks of the brain. There is paucity of literature on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) in MDD, especially from the Indian subcontinent. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the differences in Rs-fMRI connectivity between MDD patients and age and gender matched healthy controls (HC). In this prospective single institute-based study, the patients were recruited consecutively based on Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Age and gender matched HC were also recruited. Rs-fMRI and anatomical MRI images were acquired for all the subjects (MDD and HC group) and subsequent analysis was done using the CONN toolbox. A total of 49 subjects were included in the final analysis (MDD = 28 patients, HC = 21). HAM-D score was noted to be 24.4 ± 4.8 in the MDD group. There was no significant difference between MDD and HC groups as far as age, gender, employment status, and level of education is concerned. Region-of-interest-based analysis of Rs-fMRI data showed a significantly lower connectivity between the left insula and left nucleus accumbens and between left paracingulate gyrus and bilateral posterior middle temporal gyri in MDD group as compared to HC group. There is reduced connectivity between certain key regions of the brain in MDD patients, that is, between the left insular cortex and the left nucleus accumbens and between the left paracingulate gyrus and the bilateral posterior middle temporal gyrus. These findings could explain the basis of clinical features of MDD such as anhedonia, rumination of thoughts, reduced visuo-spatial comprehension, reduced language function, and response to external stimuli.","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43113605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation of Autophagy and Nitric Oxide Signaling via Glycyrrhizic Acid and 7-Nitroindazole in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s Disease Model 通过甘草酸和7-硝基吲唑调节MPTP诱导的帕金森病模型中的自噬和一氧化氮信号传导

IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231191661

S. Kartik, Rishi Pal, M. Chaudhary, R. Nath, M. Kumar

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss, Lewy body build-up, and motor dysfunction. One of the primary pathogenic mechanisms of PD development is autophagy dysfunction and nitric oxide-mediated neurotoxicity. The current study focuses on autophagy and nitric oxide (NO) signaling roles in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated PD mice and their protection by their modulators. BALB/c mice were administered MPTP (30 mg/kg/i.p/day) for five consecutive days in order to create a PD model. Following MPTP poisoning, the doses of GA (16.8 mg/kg/day/i.p.), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (10 mg/kg/day/i.p.), and their combination were administered once daily for 14 days. Animals were observed for behavioral and locomotor changes, biochemical examination, inflammatory mediators, and analysis of molecular markers. GA, 7-NI alone significantly reduced MPTP-induced locomotor, behavioral, and oxidative damage. Additionally, in MPTP-intoxicated animals, 7-NI and GA had protective effects on dopamine levels, TH positive DA neurons, inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) concentration. Furthermore, GA increases LC3BII expression, which in turn increases autophagy. It also decreases total NO content, and a significant response of 7-NI demonstrates their interaction, which is neuroprotective. Present research suggests that dysregulation of autophagy and NO-mediated neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of MPTP-induced PD. The use of two pharmacotherapeutics, GA and 7-NI, respectively, significantly reduces MPTP-induced PD distortions and their interaction enhances the overall protective effect, suggesting that these pharmacological agents may be used for the treatment of PD.

帕金森病（PD）的特点是多巴胺能（DA）神经元丧失、路易体形成和运动功能障碍。PD发展的主要致病机制之一是自噬功能障碍和一氧化氮介导的神经毒性。目前的研究重点是1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）中毒PD小鼠的自噬和一氧化氮（NO）信号传导作用及其调节剂的保护作用。对BALB/c小鼠连续5天给予MPTP（30mg/kg/i.p/天）以建立PD模型。MPTP中毒后，GA（16.8 mg/kg/天/i.p.）、7-硝基吲唑（7-NI）（10 mg/kg/天/ip.）及其组合的剂量每天给药一次，持续14天。观察动物的行为和运动变化、生化检查、炎症介质和分子标记物分析。单独的GA、7-NI显著降低了MPTP诱导的运动、行为和氧化损伤。此外，在MPTP中毒的动物中，7-NI和GA对多巴胺水平、TH阳性DA神经元、炎性细胞因子白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、核因子κB（NF-κB）和环氧合酶-2（Cox-2）浓度具有保护作用。此外，GA增加了LC3BII的表达，进而增加了自噬。它还降低了总NO含量，7-NI的显著反应表明它们之间的相互作用具有神经保护作用。目前的研究表明，自噬和NO介导的神经炎症的失调参与了MPTP诱导的PD的发病机制和进展。分别使用GA和7-NI两种药物疗法，显著减少了MPTP诱发的PD扭曲，它们的相互作用增强了整体保护作用，提示这些药物可以用于治疗PD。

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引用次数: 0

Self-esteem and Locus of Control as Predictors of Academic Achievement: A Study Among Graduate Students 自尊与控制源对研究生学业成就的预测作用

IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231183214

S. Suraj, R. Lohi, Brij Singh, Pradeep S Patil

Earlier researchers have explored the individual impacts of locus of control and self-esteem on academic as well as nonacademic success. But limited attention was given to their interplay within a university context. By integrating these variables into a unified framework, a more comprehensive understanding of the learning processes of university students can be achieved, which can further help in developing strategies to improve the overall learning outcome and come out as successful individuals. The aim of this study is to find out the contribution of locus of control and self-esteem toward academic achievement at graduation and across various demographic factors—socioeconomic status, family type, age, and different streams of graduation). The sample consists of MBA students ( n = 200) coming from different graduation streams, both male and female, in the age group of 21–27 years. Data was collected through the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Rotter’s Locus of control. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Sixty-two percent had an internal locus of control, and 38% had an external locus of control. Forty-one percent had low self-esteem, and 59% had high self-esteem. There was a significant correlation between self-esteem, locus of control, and academic achievement. Self-esteem and locus of control totally predicted 41% of the variation in academic achievement, with self-esteem and locus of control both being stronger factors to predict academic achievement. Area (rural, urban), family type (nuclear, joint), and academic scores have a strong correlation with locus of control and self-esteem. MBA students are the future leaders. For them to be successful leaders, interventions can be designed to increase self-esteem, which would help them have faith in their abilities and achieve their objectives by taking responsibility for the outcome of challenging situations.

早期的研究人员已经探索了控制点和自尊对学业和非学业成功的个人影响。但很少有人关注它们在大学环境中的相互作用。通过将这些变量整合到一个统一的框架中，可以更全面地了解大学生的学习过程，从而进一步帮助制定策略，提高整体学习效果，成为成功的个体。摘要本研究旨在探讨控制源与自尊对毕业时学业成就的影响，以及不同人口统计学因素(社会经济地位、家庭类型、年龄、不同毕业类型)对学业成就的影响。样本包括来自不同毕业阶段的MBA学生(n = 200)，有男有女，年龄在21-27岁之间。数据通过Rosenberg自尊量表和Rotter控制点收集。采用描述性分析和卡方检验对数据进行分析。62%的人有内部控制点，38%的人有外部控制点。41%的人有低自尊，59%的人有高自尊。自尊、控制点与学业成绩之间存在显著相关。自尊和控制点共预测了41%的学业成绩变异，自尊和控制点都是预测学业成绩的较强因素。地区(农村、城市)、家庭类型(核心家庭、联合家庭)和学业成绩与控制点和自尊有较强的相关性。MBA学生是未来的领导者。为了让他们成为成功的领导者，可以设计干预措施来增强自尊，这将有助于他们对自己的能力有信心，并通过对具有挑战性的情况的结果负责来实现他们的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnostic Accuracy of Hyperdense Artery Sign in Early Detection of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Validation Study 早期发现大脑中动脉梗死时高密度动脉征象的诊断准确性:横断面验证研究

IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231183872

Yusra Waheed, Hussain Sohail Rangwala, Hareer Fatima, Faiza Riaz, F. Mubarak

Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on a non-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan is considered an important radiological marker in detecting acute arterial thrombotic occlusion, and it is one of the earliest signs of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This finding has been observed within 90 min of symptom onset. Modern approaches to patients with cerebral infarction emphasize early diagnosis and management. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of hyperdense artery signs in early detection of middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scan using Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) within 24 h as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. A total of 140 patients aged 35–70 years, referred to the radiology department of Aga Khan University Hospital with clinical suspicion of acute cerebral infarction, were included. After clinical suspicion of acute infarction, the patient underwent an initial complete MDCT scan of the brain, which was performed using Aquilion ONE 640 slice MDCT (Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan). Consultant radiologists, with a minimum of 5 years of experience in MDCT brain imaging, interpreted the images. Follow-up examination with MRA within 24 h was performed to confirm the diagnosis of MCA infarction. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of HMCAS in the early detection of MCA infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scan using MRA as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis was 96.20%, 93.44%, 95.0%, 95.0%, and 95.0%, respectively. This study concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of hyperdense artery signs in the early detection of MCA infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scans is very high.

非增强型多探测器计算机断层扫描（MDCT）上的大脑中动脉高密度征象（HMCAS）被认为是检测急性动脉血栓闭塞的重要放射学标志，也是缺血性脑血管意外（CVA）的最早征象之一。这一发现是在症状出现后90分钟内观察到的。现代治疗脑梗死的方法强调早期诊断和治疗。以24小时内磁共振血管成像（MRA）作为最终诊断的金标准，在非对比增强MDCT扫描上确定高密度动脉征象在早期检测大脑中动脉（MCA）梗死中的诊断准确性。共有140名年龄在35-70岁之间的患者，因临床怀疑急性脑梗死而转诊至阿加汗大学医院放射科。在临床怀疑急性梗死后，患者接受了大脑的初步完整MDCT扫描，该扫描使用Aquilion ONE 640切片MDCT（Toshiba Medical Systems，Japan）进行。具有至少5年MDCT脑成像经验的放射科医生顾问解释了这些图像。在24小时内用MRA进行随访检查以确认MCA梗死的诊断。HMCAS在以MRA作为最终诊断金标准的非对比增强MDCT扫描上早期检测MCA梗死的总体敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确性分别为96.20%、93.44%、95.0%、95.0%和95.0%。本研究的结论是，在非对比增强MDCT扫描中，高密度动脉征象在早期检测MCA梗死中的诊断准确性非常高。

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引用次数: 1

Transcarpal Motor Conduction Velocity: Repeatability and Application in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. 腕骨运动传导速度：可重复性及其在腕管综合征中的应用。

IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1177/09727531221142399

Pinaki Das, Parasar Ghosh, Subhankar Halder, Subhankar Kumar

Background: Conduction velocity of the short segment of the median motor nerve, across wrist (transcarpal motor conduction velocity (TCMCV)), has been used to increase diagnostic yield in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, repeatability of this parameter has not been studied till date. It has not been used as an indicator of response to treatment. Using surface stimulation techniques, it is difficult to localize the sites of stimulation of transcarpal segment of median nerve in palm. As a result, small errors in measurements of TCMCV can be magnified and variability of TCMCV may occur on successive measurements. Despite this possible variation, TCMCV can be a useful tool for assessing response to therapy, if its repeatability is assessed and a cut-off value determined for a significant change in nerve conduction velocity.

Purpose: In this study, it was determined whether TCMCV is repeatable. If found to be repeatable, we show a method to determine the cut-off value of the change in this parameter for it to be considered significant.

Methods: Difference between values of TCMCV on successive measurements was obtained in hands of 26 controls. Repeatability of this parameter was determined in this control population following criteria of British Standards Institution. In 19 patients of CTS, treated with intracarpal steroid injection, pre-treatment and post-treatment values of TCMCV, and of symptom severity scale (SSS) and functional status scale (FSS), were obtained at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment.

Results: Repeat measurements of TCMCV were made in each hand of all controls. After applying criteria of British Standards Institution, to such recordings, TCMCV was found to be repeatable and the cut-off value for significant change determined. According to this cut-off value, 4 patients of CTS showed improvement in TCMCV, with consistent improvement in SSS and FSS. Change in TCMCV corroborated qualitatively with changes in SSS and FSS.

Conclusion: Repeatability of TCMCV can be assessed by criteria of British Standards Institution and a cut-off value determined to use it as an indicator of response to treatment in CTS.

背景：正中运动神经短段在手腕上的传导速度（经腕运动传导速度（TCMCV））已被用于提高腕管综合征（CTS）的诊断率。然而，到目前为止，还没有对该参数的可重复性进行研究。它还没有被用作对治疗反应的指标。利用表面刺激技术，很难定位手掌正中神经经皮段的刺激部位。因此，TCMCV测量中的小误差可能被放大，并且TCMCV的可变性可能在连续的测量中发生。尽管存在这种可能的变化，但如果评估其可重复性并确定神经传导速度显著变化的临界值，TCMCV可以成为评估治疗反应的有用工具。目的：在本研究中，确定TCMCV是否具有可重复性。如果发现是可重复的，我们展示了一种方法来确定该参数变化的截止值，使其被认为是显著的。方法：对26例正常人的TCMCV进行连续测量，得到TCMCV值之间的差异。根据英国标准协会的标准，在该对照人群中测定了该参数的重复性。在19例接受皮质内类固醇注射治疗的CTS患者中，在治疗后1、2和3个月获得TCMCV的治疗前和治疗后值，以及症状严重程度量表（SSS）和功能状态量表（FSS）。结果：在所有对照组的每只手上重复测量TCMCV。在将英国标准协会的标准应用于此类记录后，发现TCMCV是可重复的，并确定了重大变化的临界值。根据这个临界值，4名CTS患者的TCMCV有所改善，SSS和FSS持续改善。TCMCV的变化与SSS和FSS的变化在质量上得到了证实。结论：TCMCV可通过英国标准协会的标准进行重复性评估，并确定临界值，将其作为CTS治疗反应的指标。

{"title":"Transcarpal Motor Conduction Velocity: Repeatability and Application in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.","authors":"Pinaki Das, Parasar Ghosh, Subhankar Halder, Subhankar Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09727531221142399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221142399","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Conduction velocity of the short segment of the median motor nerve, across wrist (transcarpal motor conduction velocity (TCMCV)), has been used to increase diagnostic yield in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, repeatability of this parameter has not been studied till date. It has not been used as an indicator of response to treatment. Using surface stimulation techniques, it is difficult to localize the sites of stimulation of transcarpal segment of median nerve in palm. As a result, small errors in measurements of TCMCV can be magnified and variability of TCMCV may occur on successive measurements. Despite this possible variation, TCMCV can be a useful tool for assessing response to therapy, if its repeatability is assessed and a cut-off value determined for a significant change in nerve conduction velocity.Purpose: In this study, it was determined whether TCMCV is repeatable. If found to be repeatable, we show a method to determine the cut-off value of the change in this parameter for it to be considered significant.Methods: Difference between values of TCMCV on successive measurements was obtained in hands of 26 controls. Repeatability of this parameter was determined in this control population following criteria of British Standards Institution. In 19 patients of CTS, treated with intracarpal steroid injection, pre-treatment and post-treatment values of TCMCV, and of symptom severity scale (SSS) and functional status scale (FSS), were obtained at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment.Results: Repeat measurements of TCMCV were made in each hand of all controls. After applying criteria of British Standards Institution, to such recordings, TCMCV was found to be repeatable and the cut-off value for significant change determined. According to this cut-off value, 4 patients of CTS showed improvement in TCMCV, with consistent improvement in SSS and FSS. Change in TCMCV corroborated qualitatively with changes in SSS and FSS.Conclusion: Repeatability of TCMCV can be assessed by criteria of British Standards Institution and a cut-off value determined to use it as an indicator of response to treatment in CTS.","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/bd/10.1177_09727531221142399.PMC10540766.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41094535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Meditation in Ameliorating Examination Stress Induced Changes in Cardiovascular and Autonomic Functions. 冥想在改善考试压力引起的心血管和自主功能变化中的作用。

IF 1.5 Q3 Neuroscience

Annals of Neurosciences

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/09727531231169629

Anumeha Bhagat, Shival Srivastav, Anita S Malhotra, Ravi Rohilla, Ajeet K Sidana, K K Deepak

Background: Examination stress is a very well-known model of psychological stress in students. It induces changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), due to autonomic perturbations.

Purpose: To find out if Raj Yoga meditation (RYM) practice affects autonomic and cardiovascular function in healthy young subjects during periods of examination stress. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of one month of supervised RYM practice on ameliorating examination-induced changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function. The secondary objective was to measure the stress levels of medical students before and after RYM.

Methods: Pre-training measurements of SBP, DBP, HRV, and BRS were done, and the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) was administered to 80 participants one month before examinations. They were then trained in RYM. Post-training assessment of the same parameters was done after examinations and also after two months.

Results: In our study, RYM training decreased DBP (p = 0.01) but not SBP. BRS showed a trend towards an increase after RYM practice, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.44). The standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN) (p = 0.03), low-frequency (LF) nu (0.003), and high-frequency (HF) nu (0.04) showed a statistically significant change. Average RR, median RR, average rate, square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), pRR, total power, LF (µs²), and LF/HF ratio were not statistically significantly different between the three groups. There was a statistically significant decline in MSSQ scores for MSSQ I (p = 0.04), MSSQ II (p = 0.04), and MSSQ IV (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: Short-term practice of supervised RYM during stressful periods is protective for the cardiovascular and autonomic systems and decreases stress in medical students.

背景：考试压力是一种众所周知的学生心理压力模型。由于自主神经扰动，它会引起收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）的变化，以及心率变异性（HRV）和压力反射敏感性（BRS）的变化。目的：了解Raj瑜伽冥想（RYM）练习是否会在考试压力期间影响健康年轻受试者的自主神经和心血管功能。我们的主要目的是评估一个月的RYM监督实践对改善检查引起的心血管和自主神经功能变化的影响。第二个目的是测量RYM前后医学生的压力水平。方法：在训练前测量SBP、DBP、HRV和BRS，并在考试前一个月对80名医学生进行压力源问卷（MSSQ）。然后他们在RYM接受训练。在检查后以及两个月后对相同参数进行训练后评估。结果：在我们的研究中，RYM训练降低了DBP（p＝0.01），但没有降低SBP。在RYM实践后，BRS显示出增加的趋势，但没有统计学意义（p=0.44）。NN间期（SDNN）（p=0.03）、低频（LF）nu（0.003）和高频（HF）nu（0.04）的标准差显示出统计学意义的变化。三组之间的平均RR、中位数RR、平均速率、连续NN间期的均方根差（RMSSD）、pRR、总功率、LF（µs2）和LF/HF比率没有统计学上的显著差异。MSSQ I（p=0.04）、MSSQ II（p=0.04）和MSSQ IV（p=0.03）的MSSQ得分在统计学上显著下降。

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引用次数: 0