The European Physical Journal Plus最新文献

Luminescence dosimetry plays an essential role in retrospective assessments of radiation exposure, particularly in scenarios involving accidental overexposure. This study examines the effectiveness of various luminescence measurement protocols applied to display glass from mobile phones, specifically targeting their potential as accident dosimeters. The efficacy of established protocols, including the pre-bleached thermoluminescence (TL) protocol, the photo-transferred TL (PTTL) protocol, and the thermally assisted optically stimulated luminescence (Ta-OSL) protocols, was evaluated in order to ascertain their performance in accurately reconstructing absorbed doses. An intact Samsung Galaxy S3 smartphone was subjected to gamma irradiation using a Cs-137 source at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), thereby simulating a realistic exposure scenario. Following the gamma irradiation, the display glass was chemically pre-treated before being shipped to the Luminescence Laboratory in Salzburg for further measurements and analysis. The luminescence signals were measured using a luminescence reader, with specific stimulation wavelengths (violet, blue and infrared) and readout temperatures tailored to each protocol. The results show that the accuracy of dose reconstruction is slightly different for the different protocols, but in general the results indicate that all protocols (PTTL and the various Ta-OSL protocols) have at least equivalent performance to the established pre-bleached TL protocol. Furthermore, the study compares the signal fading correction methods using a universal or an individual correction approach, which is crucial for correcting the signal loss due to sample storage time since the exposure. This research highlights the potential of mobile phone display glass as a practical and accessible item for retrospective dosimetry, contributing to the field of radiation protection and emergency response. The findings provide a basis for future studies aimed at refining luminescence measurement techniques and extending their application in real-world scenarios.

Palatini F(R, X) gravity, with X the inflaton kinetic term, proved to be a powerful framework for generating asymptotically flat inflaton potentials. Here we show that a quadratic Palatini F(R, X) restores compatibility with the observational data of the Peebles–Vilenkin quintessential inflation model. Moreover, the same can be achieved with an exponential version of the Peebles–Vilenkin potential if embedded in a Palatini F(R, X) of order higher than two.

Current brachytherapy treatment planning systems (TPS) typically use dosimetric parameters in liquid water for dose calculations, ignoring tissue heterogeneity. This study assessed how sensitive the radial dose function (g(r)) of ¹⁰³Pd brachytherapy seed was to variations in bone and breast calcification. To this end, Monte Carlo (MC)-based radiation transport simulations were performed using the MCNP code and g(r) quantity was obtained at heterogeneous spherical phantoms. The ratio of the g(r) in the heterogeneous phantom to the uniform soft tissue phantom was determined for different bone thickness and breast calcification percentages. These findings showed that the maximum g(r) ratio of cortical bone thicknesses with 0.5 and 1 cm was 1.86 ± 6.24E−03 and 1.85 ± 5.38E−03, respectively, within the heterogeneity region. This value was 3.14 ± 3.46E−02 and 6.50E−01 ± 5.36E−03, for 20% and 100% breast adipose calcification with thickness of 0.5 cm, respectively, while this ratio was 2.75 ± 3.19E−02 and 5.65E−01 ± 5.50E−03, for 20% and 100% breast glandular calcification with thickness of 0.5 cm, respectively. Due to more photon attenuation inside the high-density tissue, the g(r) ratio was decreased to 4.38E−02 ± 6.73E−04 and 8.33E−03 ± 2.50E−04 just after the 0.5 and 1 cm thickness of cortical bone, respectively. Furthermore, the relative difference of g(r) was about − 100% for higher levels of breast calcification immediately after the heterogeneity region.

The geometric structures and electronic properties of CsAl_n^−/0 (n = 3–20) clusters were investigated using a hybrid optimization algorithm combined with density functional theory calculations. Ground-state configurations for anionic CsAl_n⁻ (n = 5–14) clusters were determined by systematic comparison between theoretical simulations and experimental photoelectron spectroscopy data. The structures of anionic CsAl_n⁻ (n = 3–18) clusters match those of NaAl_n⁻, while sizes n = 19–20 adopt configurations identical to neutral LiAl_n. For neutrals, the structures mirror their anionic counterparts except at n = 17–18. Charge analysis reveals consistent electron transfer from Cs atoms to the Al host clusters across all sizes, mirroring behaviors in LiAl_n^−/0 and NaAl_n^−/0 clusters. Furthermore, CsAl_n^−/0 clusters exhibit electronic properties closely matching their LiAl_n^−/0 and NaAl_n^−/0 counterparts. Three-parameter analysis of HOMO–LUMO gap, average binding energy and second-order energy difference demonstrates that CsAl₁₃, LiAl₁₃, and NaAl₁₃ are superatoms exhibiting enhanced stability.

Density gradient materials are increasingly used in collision prevention and energy absorption structures, where their performance strongly depends on the propagation and attenuation of stress waves during impact. However, existing studies rarely account for the combined influence of density gradient and lateral inertia on wave dynamics. To address this gap, this work establishes a unified theoretical model for stress wave propagation in density gradient rods, incorporating both effects into the one-dimensional wave equation by integrating the Rayleigh–Love theory and the density distribution function. The wave equation is solved analytically using the Laplace transform, and the model is validated against waveform propagation tests and numerical simulations, showing close agreement. The results demonstrate that a positive density gradient amplifies the peak stress and accelerates wave propagation, while a negative density gradient attenuates the peak stress and delays propagation. These findings highlight the potential of density gradient design for waveform control, providing theoretical guidance for engineering applications in aerospace structures and protective systems.

Bast fibres have been critical materials in the evolution of human history. In particular, their use in fishing technology as well as in maritime transport has enabled mobility, livelihoods, and the exchange of goods and transmission of cultures in human societies. Here, we compare fishing nets from two distant but contemporaneous groups at the end of the 4th millennium BCE: one from Neolithic period in Egypt and the other from the Middle Preceramic Peruvian Pacific coast. The fishing nets possess substantially similar textile architectures even though they use bast fibres from different species: domesticated cf. Linum usitatissimum L. (flax linen) by the Ancient Egyptians and cf. Asclepias. (milkweed) by the coastal Peruvian community. We examine these two fibre types and show that despite their distinct morphological and ultrastructural characteristics, their processing and manufacture share some similarities, both 2-ply with Z final torsion. Multiphoton, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy are supplemented by 3D micro-computed X-ray phase-contrast tomography to investigate the unique architectures of the yarns and their fibres’ artefacts. We demonstrate the use of state-of-the-art micro-spectroscopy techniques for archaeobotanical studies and use fishing nets as a new lens to unravel the episteme and techne of fibre and textile production in the past.

Graphical Abstract

This study derives exact analytical solution propagating on the periodic background of Jacobi elliptic functions for the variable-coefficient Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation, a potential model governing nonlinear spin excitations in ferromagnetic systems and ultrashort optical pulse propagation. By constructing novel eigenvalue solutions for the related Lax pair and implementing Darboux transformation, we obtain rogue wave and breather solutions on cn-Jacobi (cnoidal) and dn-Jacobi (dnoidal) elliptic functions backgrounds. Modulation of variable coefficients yields previously unreported localized wave patterns, including the coexistence of two and three rogue waves on a dnoidal background—a phenomenon distinct from existing findings. These results provide new insights into nonlinear spin dynamics and ultrashort optical pulse transmission, offering potential applications in wave control and signal transmission.

The Moho is a distinct boundary between the Earth’s crust and mantle, characterized by a significant change in seismic wave velocity. Gravity inversion is a valuable tool for estimating the Moho depth in regions with limited seismic data. However, the Moho configuration obtained from the gravity inversion may be deformed due to the effects generated by shallow sources, which are difficult to filter out from the observed gravity anomaly. This paper presents a strategy for computing the Moho depth from the gravity inversion, which has a much reduced dependence on the gravity anomaly of shallow sources. By using the upward continued field for the gravity inversion that combines the space domain method and the FFT algorithm, the proposed algorithm can more accurately estimate the Moho depth, and provides more stable results. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested on 3D synthetic examples and real data from the Dangerous Grounds. For synthetic examples, the inverted depths closely match the assumed Moho model, while the Moho depths from the real example align well with seismic data.

We numerically investigate how self-steepening and quintic nonlinearity influence the bifurcation structure and stability of solitary waves in the cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with self-steepening and a symmetric double-well potential. In the regime with self-focusing cubic and self-defocusing quintic nonlinearities, the interplay between competing nonlinearities gives rise to intricate bifurcation patterns, including double pitchfork and saddle–node bifurcations. Increasing the self-steepening strength modifies the bifurcation topology by eliminating certain branches and reducing multistability through the suppression of saddle–node bifurcations. As the defocusing strength of the quintic term increases, symmetry breaking is progressively suppressed, and the bifurcation structure reduces to a continuous symmetric branch that folds at a saddle–node bifurcation, where both the lower and upper segments are stable. In contrast, when both nonlinearities are self-focusing, the bifurcation structure exhibits a single supercritical pitchfork bifurcation accompanied by stable asymmetric branches and remains qualitatively unchanged under variations in either the quintic or self-steepening parameters. These results provide valuable insight into how higher-order nonlinearities shape the existence and stability of localized states, with potential applications in ultrafast optics and nonlinear wave phenomena.

This paper introduces the exposome framework as a transformative approach to improving Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNe) risk assessments. Historically, CBRNe evaluations have concentrated on acute exposures and immediate health effects, often overlooking long-term and cumulative risks. By incorporating the exposome—defined as the totality of exposures experienced throughout an individual’s life—this paper advocates for a more holistic understanding of health consequences posed by CBRNe agents. The exposome framework enhances the ability to account for low-dose, chronic exposures, residual contamination, and their synergistic interactions with other environmental and physiological factors. It is vital for assessing the health risks faced by vulnerable populations, such as first responders and communities living near CBRNe events. This paper explores emerging technological advances in biological and personal monitoring, omics technologies (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and artificial intelligence (AI)-based modeling, which facilitate precise health outcome predictions. The policy implications of integrating the exposome perspective into CBRNe preparedness are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of proactive strategies that address immediate and long-term health effects of CBRNe agents.