Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220501163415
Sonia Singh
To determine the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott leaf extracts against different microbial strains, including 4 Gram-positive bacteria, 4 Gram-negative bacteria, 3 yeast, and 4 mould The agar well diffusion method examined Nephrolepis biserrata leaf extracts antimicrobial activity against test micro-organisms. Additionally, TPC (total phenolic content), TFC (total flavonoid content), and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay of extracts were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of all three extracts revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponin glycosides, and flavonoids. Results obtained were compared with the antibiotics Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Gentamicin used as standards. The mean zones of inhibition of methanol extract varied from 7 to 25 mm. However, with petroleum ether extract, the range varied from 9 to 12 mm and with acetone extract from 8 to 13 mm at two different concentrations of 250 and 500µg/disc. All extracts possessed significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial strain including Bacillus cereus, B.subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermis, Pseudomonas aeuginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus Vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia compared to fungal microbes such as Cryptococcus luteolus, Candida albicans, C.tropicalis, Aspergillus candidus, A.niger, and Mucor hiemalis wehmer, respectively. However, amongst all the three extracts, methanol leaf extract showed maximum antimicrobial activity. From the present study, it has been summarized that the antimicrobial activity of plants might be due to the presence of flavonoid and tannin components. In conclusion, still advanced research is required to isolate the active principles from plant extracts, showing antimicrobial activity that may lead to the development of a phytomedicine.
{"title":"Evaluation of in-vitro Antioxidant potential and Antimicrobial activity of Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott. leaf extracts","authors":"Sonia Singh","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220501163415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220501163415","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To determine the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott leaf extracts against different microbial strains, including 4 Gram-positive bacteria, 4 Gram-negative bacteria, 3 yeast, and 4 mould\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The agar well diffusion method examined Nephrolepis biserrata leaf extracts antimicrobial activity against test micro-organisms. Additionally, TPC (total phenolic content), TFC (total flavonoid content), and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay of extracts were determined.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Preliminary phytochemical screening of all three extracts revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponin glycosides, and flavonoids. Results obtained were compared with the antibiotics Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, and Gentamicin used as standards. The mean zones of inhibition of methanol extract varied from 7 to 25 mm. However, with petroleum ether extract, the range varied from 9 to 12 mm and with acetone extract from 8 to 13 mm at two different concentrations of 250 and 500µg/disc. All extracts possessed significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial strain including Bacillus cereus, B.subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermis, Pseudomonas aeuginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus Vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia compared to fungal microbes such as Cryptococcus luteolus, Candida albicans, C.tropicalis, Aspergillus candidus, A.niger, and Mucor hiemalis wehmer, respectively. However, amongst all the three extracts, methanol leaf extract showed maximum antimicrobial activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000From the present study, it has been summarized that the antimicrobial activity of plants might be due to the presence of flavonoid and tannin components. In conclusion, still advanced research is required to isolate the active principles from plant extracts, showing antimicrobial activity that may lead to the development of a phytomedicine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49569717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220428140221
Aimen Salman, S. Dhaneshwar, Shaik Shafiulla
Mucormycosis is a genuine, however uncommon shrewd fungal contamination that spreads quickly, and subsequently brief analysis and treatment are important to stay away from high pace of mortality and morbidity rates. Mucormycosis is brought about by the inward breath of its filamentous (hyphal structure) fungus particularly in the patients who are immunosuppressed. The pandemic of COVID -19 actually stays on an upsurge pattern. The second rush of this infection has prompted alarm in numerous nations, including India and a few pieces of the world experiencing the third wave. As there could be no appropriate treatment choices or cures accessible for this lethal contamination, steady consideration gears like oxygen chambers, ventilators and substantial utilization of steroids assume an imperative part in the management of COVID-19. Amidst this pandemic, the COVID-19 patients are procuring optional contaminations, for example, mucormycosis otherwise called black fungus infection. It is important to lead research on COVID-19 patients to all the more likely forestall and oversee pioneering contaminations to diminish their occurrence and bleakness. So this paper is to foster preventive treatment plans and use corticosteroids sanely. Using search engines like Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., accessed various research, review articles and some book chapters, also read various articles on websites and guidelines on ICMR portal, after which we prepared this review article. In this review, we have included reported cases and case-series of mucormycosis among patients with and without COVID-19 spanning the period of 1969 to 2021 and have described the clinical features and outcomes. In gentle instances of COVID-19 (without hypoxemia) or when utilizing higher dosages of glucocorticoids, glucocorticoids ought to be kept away from ongoing investigations which have archived disturbing number of COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis contamination. A large portion of these patients had diabetes and were controlled with the use of steroids. Thus, the current article underlines mucormycosis and its connected conditions, its component in typical and COVID-19 influenced people, affecting variables and difficulties to defeat this disease. Early distinguishing proof and further examination of its growth will altogether diminish the seriousness of the sickness and death rate in COVID-19 influenced patients.
{"title":"Post COVID-19: Risk-factors, prevention and management of black fungus","authors":"Aimen Salman, S. Dhaneshwar, Shaik Shafiulla","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220428140221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220428140221","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mucormycosis is a genuine, however uncommon shrewd fungal contamination that spreads quickly, and subsequently brief analysis and treatment are important to stay away from high pace of mortality and morbidity rates. Mucormycosis is brought about by the inward breath of its filamentous (hyphal structure) fungus particularly in the patients who are immunosuppressed. The pandemic of COVID -19 actually stays on an upsurge pattern. The second rush of this infection has prompted alarm in numerous nations, including India and a few pieces of the world experiencing the third wave. As there could be no appropriate treatment choices or cures accessible for this lethal contamination, steady consideration gears like oxygen chambers, ventilators and substantial utilization of steroids assume an imperative part in the management of COVID-19. Amidst this pandemic, the COVID-19 patients are procuring optional contaminations, for example, mucormycosis otherwise called black fungus infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It is important to lead research on COVID-19 patients to all the more likely forestall and oversee pioneering contaminations to diminish their occurrence and bleakness. So this paper is to foster preventive treatment plans and use corticosteroids sanely.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Using search engines like Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., accessed various research, review articles and some book chapters, also read various articles on websites and guidelines on ICMR portal, after which we prepared this review article. In this review, we have included reported cases and case-series of mucormycosis among patients with and without COVID-19 spanning the period of 1969 to 2021 and have described the clinical features and outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In gentle instances of COVID-19 (without hypoxemia) or when utilizing higher dosages of glucocorticoids, glucocorticoids ought to be kept away from ongoing investigations which have archived disturbing number of COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis contamination. A large portion of these patients had diabetes and were controlled with the use of steroids.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thus, the current article underlines mucormycosis and its connected conditions, its component in typical and COVID-19 influenced people, affecting variables and difficulties to defeat this disease. Early distinguishing proof and further examination of its growth will altogether diminish the seriousness of the sickness and death rate in COVID-19 influenced patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47118673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220421101731
Z. Yusuf, B. Assefa, M. Desta, Sewnet Mengistu, Jemal Tenishu, Sultan Seyida, Desta Dugasa
Mentha piperta L. var peppermint oil is one of the most important essential oil products in the world due to its application in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. The present study was aimed to examine the biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of oil extracted from peppermint leaves using a solvent extraction method. The oil extraction was done in Soxhlet apparatus using hexane as a solvent. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted as three factor experiment involving one source extract; hexane as a solvent; four test pathogens in a completely randomized in three replications. The results of physicochemical properties of peppermint oil indicated that oil yield (41.15%), specific gravity (0.90), acid value (1.54mg/g), free fatty acid (0.78%), and peroxide value (3.70). The antioxidant activities were assessed based on ascorbic acid content, DPPH, and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activities. The M. piperita leaf oil was recorded ascorbic acid content (45.56%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH (9.50%), and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity (78.30%). The mean zone of inhibition against bacterial pathogens ranged from 11.80±0.42 mm to 16.75±0.35mm, while 14.65±0.50to 16.75±0.28mm against fungal pathogens. The oil extract has exhibited the strongest bactericidal activity with MIC (0.03µl/ml) and the corresponding MBC (0.06 µl/ml) against S. aureus. For antifungal activity. C albicans was the most susceptible to MIC (0.12µl/ml) and MFC (0.25µl/ml). The result of this study was that the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of peppermint oil extract demonstrated the quality and stability of the oil extract.
{"title":"Biological Activities of Peppermint (Mentha piperta L.) Oil","authors":"Z. Yusuf, B. Assefa, M. Desta, Sewnet Mengistu, Jemal Tenishu, Sultan Seyida, Desta Dugasa","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220421101731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220421101731","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mentha piperta L. var peppermint oil is one of the most important essential oil products in the world due to its application in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study was aimed to examine the biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of oil extracted from peppermint leaves using a solvent extraction method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The oil extraction was done in Soxhlet apparatus using hexane as a solvent. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted as three factor experiment involving one source extract; hexane as a solvent; four test pathogens in a completely randomized in three replications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results of physicochemical properties of peppermint oil indicated that oil yield (41.15%), specific gravity (0.90), acid value (1.54mg/g), free fatty acid (0.78%), and peroxide value (3.70). The antioxidant activities were assessed based on ascorbic acid content, DPPH, and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activities. The M. piperita leaf oil was recorded ascorbic acid content (45.56%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH (9.50%), and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activity (78.30%). The mean zone of inhibition against bacterial pathogens ranged from 11.80±0.42 mm to 16.75±0.35mm, while 14.65±0.50to 16.75±0.28mm against fungal pathogens. The oil extract has exhibited the strongest bactericidal activity with MIC (0.03µl/ml) and the corresponding MBC (0.06 µl/ml) against S. aureus. For antifungal activity. C albicans was the most susceptible to MIC (0.12µl/ml) and MFC (0.25µl/ml).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The result of this study was that the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of peppermint oil extract demonstrated the quality and stability of the oil extract.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45091593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-14DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220414094155
Surabhi Jain, Smriti Sharma, D. Sen
To ascertain the binding manner and drug-likeliness profile of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as antitubercular agents on ATP synthase protein. : Field-based 3D-QSAR, Homology modelling, Molecular Docking and ADME-T studies have been carried out to determine the binding mode and drug likeliness profile of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as anti-tubercular agents. To design new anti-tubercular agents using Field- based 3D-QSAR and molecular docking approach. A statistically significant 3D-QSAR model was generated with the dataset of 30 active agonists on ATP synthase whose pIC50 values range from 4.0 µM to 8.30 µM. The same dataset was analysed for ADME-T properties and docked to the homology modeled ATP synthase protein. Moreover, information from 3D-QSAR contour maps was used in designing of new molecules. The constructed 3D-QSAR model had a high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9688) and cross-validation coefficient (Q2=0.9045) and F value (176) at 3 component PLS factor. The homology modeled protein ‘ac9’ was validated with various parameters like Ramachandran plot (92.5 %), ERRAT plot (98.43 %), and ProSA (-1.78 chain ‘C’; -2.74 chain ‘A’). The protein was also examined for physico-chemical properties which showed the acidic and hydrophobic nature of protein. The docking score of dataset compound no. PF19 (-9.97 Kcal/mol) was found to be almost similar with that of Bedaquiline (-10.08 Kcal/mol). Based on previous results from 3D-QSAR and Docking, four new molecules was designed. The newly designed molecules (M1-M4) were docked amongst them M3 (-9.82 Kcal/mol) scored the highest. They were further analysed for drug-likeliness, ADME-T and synthetic assesbility. The findings suggested that these compounds had a strong possibility to become ATP-synthase inhibitors. The various Insilico approaches used in the present study offer new avenues for designing novel molecules against ATP synthase from M. tuberculosis and can be employed for the drug discovery programme.
{"title":"An In silico study of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives on Homology Modelled F1F0 ATP Synthase against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","authors":"Surabhi Jain, Smriti Sharma, D. Sen","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220414094155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220414094155","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To ascertain the binding manner and drug-likeliness profile of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as antitubercular agents on ATP synthase protein.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000: Field-based 3D-QSAR, Homology modelling, Molecular Docking and ADME-T studies have been carried out to determine the binding mode and drug likeliness profile of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as anti-tubercular agents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To design new anti-tubercular agents using Field- based 3D-QSAR and molecular docking approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A statistically significant 3D-QSAR model was generated with the dataset of 30 active agonists on ATP synthase whose pIC50 values range from 4.0 µM to 8.30 µM. The same dataset was analysed for ADME-T properties and docked to the homology modeled ATP synthase protein. Moreover, information from 3D-QSAR contour maps was used in designing of new molecules.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The constructed 3D-QSAR model had a high correlation coefficient (R2=0.9688) and cross-validation coefficient (Q2=0.9045) and F value (176) at 3 component PLS factor. The homology modeled protein ‘ac9’ was validated with various parameters like Ramachandran plot (92.5 %), ERRAT plot (98.43 %), and ProSA (-1.78 chain ‘C’; -2.74 chain ‘A’). The protein was also examined for physico-chemical properties which showed the acidic and hydrophobic nature of protein. The docking score of dataset compound no. PF19 (-9.97 Kcal/mol) was found to be almost similar with that of Bedaquiline (-10.08 Kcal/mol). Based on previous results from 3D-QSAR and Docking, four new molecules was designed. The newly designed molecules (M1-M4) were docked amongst them M3 (-9.82 Kcal/mol) scored the highest. They were further analysed for drug-likeliness, ADME-T and synthetic assesbility. The findings suggested that these compounds had a strong possibility to become ATP-synthase inhibitors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The various Insilico approaches used in the present study offer new avenues for designing novel molecules against ATP synthase from M. tuberculosis and can be employed for the drug discovery programme.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42767733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220408092913
S. K. Ghumbre, A. V. Patil, A. S. Renge, S. A. Dake, B. Khade
The study of novel Schiff bases and their metal complexes have achieved enormous attention of inorganic as well as medicinal chemists. To study the structural elucidation and antimicrobial screening of 3-formylchromone and 3-aminoquinoline based Schiff base and their metal complexes. Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes of 3-((quinolino-3-ylimino) methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one ligand were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurement, infrared, UV-Visible, 1H NMR spectral studies, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction studies. Antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds were screened against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris, and antifungal activity was screened against fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Schiff base ligand and their Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes revealed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested strains. Octahedral geometry of metal complexes was proven by analytical, physical, and spectral data. In this present work, novel Schiff base 3-((quinolino-3-ylimino) methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one and its Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes revealed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities.
{"title":"Synthesis and Biological Evaluation, Structural Elucidation, Thermogravimetric Analysis, X-Ray Diffraction Studies of a Schiff Base Derived from 3-formylchromone and 3-aminoquinoline and their Cu(II) and Co(II) Complexes","authors":"S. K. Ghumbre, A. V. Patil, A. S. Renge, S. A. Dake, B. Khade","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220408092913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220408092913","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The study of novel Schiff bases and their metal complexes have achieved enormous attention of inorganic as well as medicinal chemists.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To study the structural elucidation and antimicrobial screening of 3-formylchromone and 3-aminoquinoline based Schiff base and their metal complexes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes of 3-((quinolino-3-ylimino) methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one ligand were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurement, infrared, UV-Visible, 1H NMR spectral studies, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds were screened against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris, and antifungal activity was screened against fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Schiff base ligand and their Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes revealed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against tested strains. Octahedral geometry of metal complexes was proven by analytical, physical, and spectral data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this present work, novel Schiff base 3-((quinolino-3-ylimino) methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one and its Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes revealed promising antibacterial and antifungal activities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48364316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220405124929
Ashima Ahuja, Sonia Singh
Herbs used in dentistry contain antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties that help in reducing irritation, infections, and pain in the oral cavity. The resistance to antibiotics and overcoming their untoward side effects promoted the usage of herbals in dentistry. In addition, due to the affordability issues of allopathic medicines in rural areas, the dependency of poor people on herbal medicines has gained significant popularity in the Indian subcontinent. Oral disorders would be a significant health setback for humankind due to their severity if they remained untreated. This review promotes the efforts made to overcome the side effects of allopathic medicines and provide cost-effective herbal treatment for oral care. Oral disorders cause various infections like tooth decay, dental caries, gingivitis, fungal, viral, bacterial infections, plaque formation, pemphigus vulgaris, pyorrhoea, mouth ulcers, and oral cancer fatal. The use of herbal extracts of Tulsi, neem, and turmeric as a natural healer and safest antimicrobial provides better dental care treatment. In addition, aromatic agents like tulsi, neem, mint, clove, ginger, and turmeric as dental products have increase palatability for patients who have lost their taste buds with growing age and diseases. The literature search was conducted in academics, Google scholar, PubMed, WHO, and Sci.org using keywords dentistry, antimicrobials, herbs for dental management, experimental findings, bacterial strains, oral health, and hygiene. The beneficial results from using various antimicrobials containing herbs are gaining popularity throughout the world. Subsequently, it further suggested that antimicrobials and, herbal extracts maintains oral hygiene, reduces bacterial lichens, biofilm adhesion and helps in the management of oral infections, improves health. Screening of newer antimicrobial formulations like dentifrices, gargles, throat paints, mouthwashes, and mouth sprays containing cost-effective herbals for promoting healthcare and plays a pivotal role in developing herbal industries for dental care.
{"title":"Impact of the Current Scenario and Future Perspectives for Management of Oral Diseases: Remarkable Contribution of Herbs in Dentistry","authors":"Ashima Ahuja, Sonia Singh","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220405124929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220405124929","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Herbs used in dentistry contain antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties that help in reducing irritation, infections, and pain in the oral cavity. The resistance to antibiotics and overcoming their untoward side effects promoted the usage of herbals in dentistry. In addition, due to the affordability issues of allopathic medicines in rural areas, the dependency of poor people on herbal medicines has gained significant popularity in the Indian subcontinent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Oral disorders would be a significant health setback for humankind due to their severity if they remained untreated. This review promotes the efforts made to overcome the side effects of allopathic medicines and provide cost-effective herbal treatment for oral care. Oral disorders cause various infections like tooth decay, dental caries, gingivitis, fungal, viral, bacterial infections, plaque formation, pemphigus vulgaris, pyorrhoea, mouth ulcers, and oral cancer fatal. The use of herbal extracts of Tulsi, neem, and turmeric as a natural healer and safest antimicrobial provides better dental care treatment. In addition, aromatic agents like tulsi, neem, mint, clove, ginger, and turmeric as dental products have increase palatability for patients who have lost their taste buds with growing age and diseases.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The literature search was conducted in academics, Google scholar, PubMed, WHO, and Sci.org using keywords dentistry, antimicrobials, herbs for dental management, experimental findings, bacterial strains, oral health, and hygiene.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The beneficial results from using various antimicrobials containing herbs are gaining popularity throughout the world. Subsequently, it further suggested that antimicrobials and, herbal extracts maintains oral hygiene, reduces bacterial lichens, biofilm adhesion and helps in the management of oral infections, improves health.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Screening of newer antimicrobial formulations like dentifrices, gargles, throat paints, mouthwashes, and mouth sprays containing cost-effective herbals for promoting healthcare and plays a pivotal role in developing herbal industries for dental care.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47727715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220405123925
N. Rais, Akash Ved, R. Ahmad, Kehkashan Parveen, O. Prakash, Darakhshan Gazala Bari, Khursheed Ahmad, Muhammad Farman, Naze Alam
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, while influenza viruses cause the flu. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection seems to be a real and serious concern. This study aimed at evaluating the clinical features, laboratory investigations, computed tomography scans, and interventions of Covid-19 patients during seasonal influenza. This was a multi-center prospective cohort study that collected data from hospitals, clinics, and laboratories on measurements, treatments, and outcomes from Covid-19 patients admitted to temporary Covid-19 care centers. A total of 480 individuals (female, 231 [48.12%]; male, 249 [51.88%]) were recruited from March 31st to May 14th, 2021 at five hospitals/clinics in Uttar Pradesh, North India. The patients were divided into six groups based on their age (65+ years [25.41% of cases] being the most affected age) and five groups based on their conditions (asymptomatic 65 [13.54%], mild 94 [19.58%], moderate 206 [42.91%], severe 84 [17.50%] and critical 31 [6.45%]). Patients’ outcomes were documented as death (19 [3.95%]), recovery (421 [87.71%]) and under-treatment (40 [8.34%]). The most common clinical symptoms reported were fever, sore throat, and dyspnea. The severity was linked to the presence of hypoxemia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and high blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The vast majority of patients were given symptomatic treatment. To distinguish between Covid-19 and the seasonal flu, any onset of fever should be suspected and examined for the viral strain.
{"title":"Second Wave of Covid-19 with Seasonal Influenza (Flu) in Uttar Pradesh, Northern India: A Cohort Study","authors":"N. Rais, Akash Ved, R. Ahmad, Kehkashan Parveen, O. Prakash, Darakhshan Gazala Bari, Khursheed Ahmad, Muhammad Farman, Naze Alam","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220405123925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220405123925","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, while influenza viruses cause the flu. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection seems to be a real and serious concern.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed at evaluating the clinical features, laboratory investigations, computed tomography scans, and interventions of Covid-19 patients during seasonal influenza.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This was a multi-center prospective cohort study that collected data from hospitals, clinics, and laboratories on measurements, treatments, and outcomes from Covid-19 patients admitted to temporary Covid-19 care centers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 480 individuals (female, 231 [48.12%]; male, 249 [51.88%]) were recruited from March 31st to May 14th, 2021 at five hospitals/clinics in Uttar Pradesh, North India. The patients were divided into six groups based on their age (65+ years [25.41% of cases] being the most affected age) and five groups based on their conditions (asymptomatic 65 [13.54%], mild 94 [19.58%], moderate 206 [42.91%], severe 84 [17.50%] and critical 31 [6.45%]). Patients’ outcomes were documented as death (19 [3.95%]), recovery (421 [87.71%]) and under-treatment (40 [8.34%]).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The most common clinical symptoms reported were fever, sore throat, and dyspnea. The severity was linked to the presence of hypoxemia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and high blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The vast majority of patients were given symptomatic treatment. To distinguish between Covid-19 and the seasonal flu, any onset of fever should be suspected and examined for the viral strain.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49126097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220404143923
E. Plotnikov, V. Plotnikov
Developing new antibacterial and antiviral drugs is considered a significant issue due to the emergence and spread of resistant strains of microorganisms. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased the need for new broad-spectrum anti-infective agents. The aim of this experimental study was the investigation of antibacterial and phagocytic properties of silver-interferon preparation. The combination of properties of complex drugs makes them promising for the treatment of drug-resistant infections and bacterial complications of viral diseases. The antibacterial effect of the silver-interferon platform was investigated by agar diffusion and serial dilution methods. The effect of the drug on the functional activity of phagocytes was studied on human neutrophils in a Staphylococcus aureus uptake test. Investigations have shown that the silver-interferon complex possesses a bactericidal mechanism of action against tested bacterial strains, including Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Streptococcus pneumonia was proved as the most susceptible bacterial target for the tested complex with growth inhibition zone of 12±0.6 mm and minimal bactericidal concentration of 0.08 mg/ml. A slight stimulating action of the drug in relation to the activity of phagocytes was revealed. Silver-interferon has proved as a prospective anti-infective drug with a wide range of activity.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Phagocytic Properties of a Novel Silver-Interferon Complex","authors":"E. Plotnikov, V. Plotnikov","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220404143923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220404143923","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Developing new antibacterial and antiviral drugs is considered a significant issue due to the emergence and spread of resistant strains of microorganisms. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased the need for new broad-spectrum anti-infective agents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this experimental study was the investigation of antibacterial and phagocytic properties of silver-interferon preparation. The combination of properties of complex drugs makes them promising for the treatment of drug-resistant infections and bacterial complications of viral diseases.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The antibacterial effect of the silver-interferon platform was investigated by agar diffusion and serial dilution methods. The effect of the drug on the functional activity of phagocytes was studied on human neutrophils in a Staphylococcus aureus uptake test.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Investigations have shown that the silver-interferon complex possesses a bactericidal mechanism of action against tested bacterial strains, including Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. Streptococcus pneumonia was proved as the most susceptible bacterial target for the tested complex with growth inhibition zone of 12±0.6 mm and minimal bactericidal concentration of 0.08 mg/ml. A slight stimulating action of the drug in relation to the activity of phagocytes was revealed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Silver-interferon has proved as a prospective anti-infective drug with a wide range of activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42383473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220404093338
N. Rani, Randhir Singh, Praveen Kumar, Prerna Sharma, Vikas Sharma
health crisis in the world and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO. A number of treatment strategies have been utilized to encounter the prevailing disease. But still the need of most appropriate therapeutic agent is still awaited. In search of anti-COVID treatment regimen, molecular docking approach was used to identify the natural compounds which may have potential for treatment of COVID and acts on specific target and possess selective mechanism. Our goal is to identify the potential anti-COVID compounds from the natural resources via virtual screening and protein of spike glycoprotein was considered as virtual inhibition. Molecular docking was carried out by using Molergo Virtual Docker. 35 compounds from different plant sources were selected and docked in the enzyme pocket. Results. The docking result revealed that some of the compounds exhibited good potency against the virus and can be used further for developing new drug regimen. Conclusion. The compounds of natural origin could be a good target and can be used as lead compounds for the treatment of this dreadful disease.
{"title":"Natural Compounds as Potential Anti-COVID Agent","authors":"N. Rani, Randhir Singh, Praveen Kumar, Prerna Sharma, Vikas Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220404093338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220404093338","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000health crisis in the world and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO. A number of treatment strategies have been utilized to encounter the prevailing disease. But still the need of most appropriate therapeutic agent is still awaited. In search of anti-COVID treatment regimen, molecular docking approach was used to identify the natural compounds which may have potential for treatment of COVID and acts on specific target and possess selective mechanism. Our goal is to identify the potential anti-COVID compounds from the natural resources via virtual screening and protein of spike glycoprotein was considered as virtual inhibition.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Molecular docking was carried out by using Molergo Virtual Docker. 35 compounds from different plant sources were selected and docked in the enzyme pocket.\u0000Results. The docking result revealed that some of the compounds exhibited good potency against the virus and can be used further for developing new drug regimen. \u0000Conclusion. The compounds of natural origin could be a good target and can be used as lead compounds for the treatment of this dreadful disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44748266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.2174/2211352520666220329160041
Raneet Das, Jayita Roy, Sumel Ashique
Mucormycosis is a most emerging angioinvasive fungal infection of filamentous fungi of zygomycetes class, which on neglecting, causes severe disseminated infection along with significant chances of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and treatment remain a bit of a challenging case for the doctors. It has been seen that people who have been suffering from different diseases, such as hematological malignancies, uncontrolled diabetes, or gone through different surgeries, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid transplantation, are the ones affected by the most. On the other hand, people who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) typically show the symptoms of mucormycosis after (1-2) weeks of successful recovery. Standard treatment of mucormycosis is traditionally considered an amphotericin B intravenous (IV) drug as initial therapy, although posaconazole and isavuconazole are also used. The core objective of the review is to typically focus on the area of the sudden cause of effecting mucormycosis on the patients who have already recovered from SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"‘Black Fungus’- An alarming infection during novel coronavirus- A Review","authors":"Raneet Das, Jayita Roy, Sumel Ashique","doi":"10.2174/2211352520666220329160041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220329160041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mucormycosis is a most emerging angioinvasive fungal infection of filamentous fungi of zygomycetes class, which on neglecting, causes severe disseminated infection along with significant chances of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and treatment remain a bit of a challenging case for the doctors. It has been seen that people who have been suffering from different diseases, such as hematological malignancies, uncontrolled diabetes, or gone through different surgeries, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid transplantation, are the ones affected by the most. On the other hand, people who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) typically show the symptoms of mucormycosis after (1-2) weeks of successful recovery. Standard treatment of mucormycosis is traditionally considered an amphotericin B intravenous (IV) drug as initial therapy, although posaconazole and isavuconazole are also used. The core objective of the review is to typically focus on the area of the sudden cause of effecting mucormycosis on the patients who have already recovered from SARS-CoV-2.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7951,"journal":{"name":"Anti-Infective Agents","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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