Antioxidants最新文献

Hypertension is associated with alterations in the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. Indeed, supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics has shown promising results in modulating the gut microbiota and improving cardiovascular health. However, there are no studies regarding the possible beneficial effects of postbiotics on cardiovascular function and particularly on hypertension-induced cardiovascular alterations. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of supplementation with the heat-treated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145 strain (BPL1™ HT), a postbiotic developed by the company ADM-Biopolis, on cardiovascular alterations induced by angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in mice. For this purpose, three groups of C57BL/6J male mice were used: (i) mice infused with saline (control); (ii) mice infused with AngII for 4 weeks (AngII); and (iii) mice supplemented with BPL1™ HT in the drinking water (1010 cells/animal/day) for 8 weeks and infused with AngII for the last 4 weeks (AngII + BPL1™ HT). AngII infusion was associated with heart hypertrophy, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in aortic tissue. BPL1™ HT supplementation reduced systolic blood pressure and attenuated AngII-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic segments. Moreover, mice supplemented with BPL1™ HT showed a decreased gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (Il-6) and the prooxidant enzymes NADPH oxidases 1 (Nox-1) and 4 (Nox-4), as well as an overexpression of AngII receptor 2 (At2r) and interleukin 10 (Il-10) in arterial tissue. In the heart, BPL1™ HT supplementation increased myocardial contractility and prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, supplementation with the postbiotic BPL1™ HT prevents endothelial dysfunction, lowers blood pressure, and has cardioprotective effects in an experimental model of hypertension induced by AngII infusion in mice.

This study was conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of polyphenolic extracts from Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina as natural preservatives in comparison with synthetic butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and rosemary extract. Antioxidant activities were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and total phenolic content (TPC). Extracts were blended into linseed oil and evaluated for oxidative stability using a 15-day Schaal oven test. Physicochemical analyses, including peroxide value (PV), acid index (AI), p-anisidine value (p-AnV), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), showed that mangrove-treated oils exhibited the highest stability against oxidation compared to the negative and positive controls. R. mucronata mature leaves presented the highest DPPH inhibition (93.40%) and the lowest TBARS value (0.33 ± 0.0 mg MDA/kg of oil) on day 11. Fluorescence spectroscopy provided complementary and valuable information. Statistical analysis using factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) achieved a classification accuracy of 91.43%, underlining the different oxidative profiles of the treated samples. These findings demonstrated the potential of extracts from mangrove plants as a sustainable alternative to synthetic antioxidants for food preservation. Future studies should explore broader food applications using advanced analytical techniques to optimize their efficiency and performing a series of toxicity evaluations.

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of eleutheroside B (EB) in high-altitude-induced myocardial injury (HAMI) and to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms. SD rats were used for in vivo experiments. Following pretreatment with EB, the SD rats were exposed to a hypobaric environment within a hypobaric chamber for 48 h. Electrocardiograms, H&E staining, and serum biochemical indices were measured to evaluate the protective effects of EB on HAMI. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were utilized to detect the expression of associated proteins. In parallel, a hypobaric hypoxic cell incubator was used to establish an in vitro model of hypobaric hypoxia-induced cell injury. The anti-necroptotic effect and its potential underlying mechanisms were investigated and verified in vitro. Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia led to electrocardiogram disorders, pathological changes in myocardial tissue, increased concentrations of BNP and CK-MB, and elevated levels of oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors. Additionally, the expression of necroptosis-related proteins was upregulated. Pretreatment with EB effectively ameliorated myocardial injury caused by hypobaric hypoxia, mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation, and suppressed necroptosis. Furthermore, EB facilitated the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. In conclusion, this study provides evidence suggesting that EB may exert a protective effect against HAMI by inhibiting cardiomyocyte necroptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Microgreens are gaining prominence as nutrient-dense foods with health-promoting activities while aligning with smart agriculture and functional food trends. They are rich in numerous bioactive compounds like phenolics, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids, which act as antioxidants, while also causing multiple other biological activities. Using advanced statistical methods, this study investigated Brassicaceae microgreens, identifying kale and Sango radish as standout varieties. Both contained 16 amino acids, with potassium and calcium as dominant minerals. Sugar and protein contents ranged from 4.29 to 4.66% and 40.27 to 43.90%, respectively. Kale exhibited higher carotenoid levels, particularly lutein (996.36 mg/100 g) and beta-carotene (574.15 mg/100 g). In comparison, Sango radish excelled in glucose metabolism (α-glucosidase inhibition: 58%) and antioxidant activities (DPPH^•: 7.92 mmol TE/100 g, ABTS^•+: 43.47 mmol TE/100 g). Both showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Kale demonstrated stronger anti-inflammatory effects, while Sango radish showed antiproliferative potential. These results, supported by PCA and correlation analysis, underscore the dual role of these microgreens as nutritious and therapeutic food additives, addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbial threats.

Heme oxygenase (HO) metabolizes heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter being reduced into bilirubin-IXα (BR) by the biliverdin reductase-A (BVR). Heme oxygenase exists as two isoforms, HO-1, inducible and involved in the cell stress response, and HO-2, constitutive and committed to the physiologic turnover of heme and in the intracellular oxygen sensing. Many studies have identified genetic variants of the HO/BVR system and suggested their connection in free radical-induced diseases. The most common genetic variants include (GT)n dinucleotide length polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Gain-of-function mutations in the HO-1 and HO-2 genes foster the ventilator response to hypoxia and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and age-related macular degeneration but increase the risk of neonatal jaundice, sickle cell disease, and Parkinson's disease. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in the HO-1 gene increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and some types of cancers. Regarding BVR, the reported loss-of-function mutations increase the risk of green jaundice. Unfortunately, the physiological role of the HO/BVR system does not allow for the hypothesis gene silencing/induction strategies, but knowledge of these mutations can certainly facilitate a medical approach that enables early diagnoses and tailored treatments.

(Poly)phenols are a wide and heterogeneous class of substances with several potential health benefits. Their role in neuroprotection and cognition is still questionable. This study's scope is to examine the possible association between total and individual (poly)phenol intake, major dietary sources, and the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a cohort of MS patients. Participants' demographics, physical activity, smoking, and dietary information were collected, alongside clinical parameters including the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS), Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), MS phenotype, and current therapy. A validated 110-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants' habits. The (poly)phenol content of foods was estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. Data from 106 participants were analyzed. A high intake of vegetables was associated with a 4.6-fold higher probability of mild MS (95% CI: 1.49, 14.28), whereas no association was found for other food and beverage sources. Hydroxycinnamic acids were significantly related to MSSS (OR: 6.55, 95% CI: 2.15, 19.92). Although coffee intake differed significantly between patients with mild and severe MS (90.5 ± 53.9 vs. 59.4 ± 40.8 mL/d, respectively), linear regression analysis did not confirm an association with MSSS. A higher intake of hydroxycinnamic acids and vegetables may impact MS severity. Coffee's role remains unclear and needs to be further investigated.

Current research suggests that promoting ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death, may be an effective therapy for osteosarcoma, while its inhibition could facilitate bone regeneration and prevent osteoporosis. Our objective was to investigate whether the susceptibility to and regulation of ferroptosis differ between undifferentiated (UBC) and differentiated (DBC) human bone marrow stromal cells, as well as human osteosarcoma cells (MG63). Ferroptosis was induced by either inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) using RSL3 or blocking all glutathione-dependent enzymes through inhibition of the glutamate/cysteine antiporter with Erastin. Lipid peroxidation was assessed using the fluorescent probe BODIPY™581/591C11, while Ferrostatin-1 was used to inhibit ferroptosis. We demonstrate that neither Erastin nor RSL3 induces ferroptosis in DBC. However, both RSL3 and Erastin induce ferroptosis in UBC, while Erastin predominantly induces ferroptosis in MG63 cells. Our data suggest that ferroptosis induction in undifferentiated hBMSCs is primarily regulated by GPX4, whereas glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) plays a key role in controlling ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, targeting the key pathways involved in ferroptosis across different bone cell types may improve the efficacy of cancer treatments while minimizing collateral damage and supporting regenerative processes, with minimal impact on cancer therapy.

A preformulative study was conducted to produce and characterize ethosomes for the transdermal delivery of gossypin. This plant-derived compound possesses many pharmacological properties, including antitumoral potential. Ethosome dispersions were designed as transdermal delivery systems for gossypin, employing two different production procedures. The evaluation of vesicle size distribution by photon correlation spectroscopy, morphology by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and gossypin entrapment capacity, as well as in vitro release and permeation by vertical diffusion cells, enabled us to select a production strategy based on the injection of a phosphatidylcholine ethanolic solution in water. Indeed, vesicles prepared by this method were almost unilamellar and measured roughly 150 nm mean diameter while displaying an entrapment capacity higher than 94%. Moreover, vesicles prepared by the ethanol injection method enabled us to control gossypin release and to improve its permeation with respect to the solution of the drug. To obtain semi-solid forms suitable for cutaneous gossypin administration, ethosome dispersions were thickened with 0.5% w/w xanthan gum, selected by a spreadability test. These ethosome gels were then further characterized by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, while their antioxidant activity was demonstrated in vitro by a radical scavenging assay. Finally, in vitro biological studies were conducted on A375 melanoma cell lines. Namely, wound healing and cell migration assays confirmed the potential antitumoral effect of gossypin, especially when loaded in the selected ethosomal gel. The promising results suggest further investigation of the potential of gossypin-loaded ethosomal gel in the treatment of melanoma.

Background: Associations of antioxidants in prenatal over-the-counter multivitamin-mineral (OTC MVM) supplements with in-utero oxidative stress (OS), antioxidant capacity, and fetal growth are limited. Our objectives were to determine if five fetal ultrasound measurements [biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight] were associated with OTC MVM supplements and with minerals, biomarkers of OS, and total antioxidant capacity in amniotic fluid (AF).

Methods: For this retrospective study, 176 pregnant women who had undergone age-related amniocentesis for genetic testing were included. Questionnaires recorded prenatal OTC MVM supplementation (yes, no). Ultrasound measurements for early (16-20 weeks) and late (32-36 weeks) gestation were extracted from medical charts. AF concentrations for 15 minerals and trace elements and OS biomarkers in AF [nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] were measured at 12-20 weeks of gestation. Associations of AF minerals, OS biomarkers, and ultrasound measures were analyzed using multiple linear regressions.

Results: Positive associations were observed between AF TBARS and seven AF minerals/elements (calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, strontium, zinc and iron). At 16-20 weeks, AF copper, nickel, strontium, and selenium were positively associated with BPD, HC, AC, and FL, respectively, NO was positively associated with FL, and FRAP was inversely associated with estimated weight. At 32-36 weeks, calcium was positively associated with BPD and chromium and arsenic were negatively with HC. At 16-20 weeks, higher AF FRAP was inversely associated with FL and this exposure continued to be inversely associated with estimated weight at 32-36 weeks.

Conclusions: Concentrations of AF minerals, trace elements and biomarkers of OS and in-utero antioxidant capacity were linked to specific ultrasound measurements at different stages of gestation, suggesting a complex interplay among in utero OS, antioxidant capacity, OTC MVM supplements, and fetal growth.

In intensive aquaculture, aquatic animals inevitably encounter multiple stressors due to environmental fluctuations, triggering various stress responses, with oxidative stress being the most prevalent [...].