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Effect of Different Salinities on the Biochemical Properties and Meat Quality of Adult Freshwater Drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) During Temporary Rearing. 不同盐度对淡水成鱼暂养期间生化特性和肉质的影响
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101273
Wanwen Chen, Sharifa Mohamed Miraji, Yu Tian, Xueyan Ma, Wu Jin, Haibo Wen, Gangchun Xu, Pao Xu, Hao Cheng

Salinity is a significant environmental component that affects the physiological state of aquatic species. This study aimed to investigate whether water salinity had an impact on the biochemical properties and meat quality of adult Aplodinotus grunniens during temporary rearing of 7 days. Salinity caused increased osmotic pressure and antioxidant enzyme activities of Aplodinotus grunniens, which were attributed to the increase in the content of alanine and glutamate. It raised the hardness and shear force with an increase in salinity, leading to an increase in water-holding capacity. Salinity enhanced the DHA ratio with a decrease in the atherosclerotic index and thrombosis index. Combined with the increase in flavor amino acids and nucleotides, salinity enhanced the umami taste of Aplodinotus grunniens. These findings suggest that temporary rearing in salinity might be a practical approach to improving the meat quality of adult Aplodinotus grunniens.

盐度是影响水生物种生理状态的重要环境因素。本研究旨在探讨盐度对暂养 7 天的草鱼成鱼的生化特性和肉质是否有影响。盐度导致草鱼的渗透压和抗氧化酶活性升高,这与丙氨酸和谷氨酸含量增加有关。盐度增加会提高硬度和剪切力,导致持水能力增加。盐度提高了 DHA 比率,降低了动脉粥样硬化指数和血栓形成指数。结合风味氨基酸和核苷酸的增加,盐度提高了草鱼的鲜味。这些研究结果表明,在盐度条件下临时饲养可能是改善成年草鱼肉质的一种实用方法。
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引用次数: 0
Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue T-006 Protects Neuronal and Endothelial Cells Against Oxidative Stress via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2 Signaling. 四甲基吡嗪类似物 T-006 通过 PI3K/AKT/mTOR 和 Nrf2 信号传导保护神经元和内皮细胞免受氧化应激影响
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101272
Guiliang Zhang, Zirong Liang, Yuqiang Wang, Zaijun Zhang, Pui-Man Hoi

Background: T-006, a novel neuroprotective derivative of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), exhibits multifunctional neuroprotective properties. T-006 has been shown to improve neurological and behavioral functions in animal models of ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aims to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of T-006 against oxidative injuries induced by glutamate or hypoxia.

Methods: Mouse hippocampal HT22 cells were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of T-006 against glutamate-induced injuries, while mouse brain endothelial bEnd.3 cells were used to evaluate the cerebrovascular protective effects of T-006 against oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced injuries. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and oxidative stress. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses of protein expression were used to study cell signaling pathways.

Results: T-006 exhibited significant protective effects in both oxidative injury models. In HT22 cells, T-006 reduced cell death and enhanced antioxidant capacity by upregulating mTOR and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling. Similarly, in bEnd.3 cells, T-006 reduced oxidative injuries and preserved tight junction integrity through Nrf2/HO-1 upregulation. These effects were inhibited by LY294002, a Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor.

Conclusions: T-006 may exert its neuroprotective and cerebrovascular protective effects via the regulation of PI3K/AKT-mediated pathways, which facilitate downstream mTOR and Nrf2 signaling, leading to improved cell survival and antioxidant defenses.

背景:T-006是四甲基吡嗪(TMP)的一种新型神经保护衍生物,具有多功能神经保护特性。研究表明,T-006 可改善缺血性中风和神经退行性疾病动物模型的神经和行为功能。本研究旨在进一步阐明T-006对谷氨酸或缺氧诱导的氧化损伤具有保护作用的机制:方法:用小鼠海马HT22细胞评估T-006对谷氨酸诱导的损伤的神经保护作用,用小鼠脑内皮细胞bEnd.3评估T-006对氧-葡萄糖剥夺后再灌注(OGD/R)诱导的损伤的脑血管保护作用。3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四氮唑(MTT)测定法和流式细胞术用于测量细胞活力和氧化应激。蛋白表达的 Western 印迹和免疫荧光分析用于研究细胞信号通路:结果:T-006在两种氧化损伤模型中都表现出明显的保护作用。在HT22细胞中,T-006通过上调mTOR和核因子红细胞2相关因子2/血氧合酶-1(Nrf2/HO-1)信号转导,减少了细胞死亡并增强了抗氧化能力。同样,在bEnd.3细胞中,T-006通过上调Nrf2/HO-1减少了氧化损伤并保护了紧密连接的完整性。这些作用受到磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)抑制剂LY294002的抑制:结论:T-006可能通过调节PI3K/AKT介导的通路,促进下游mTOR和Nrf2信号转导,从而提高细胞存活率和抗氧化防御能力,发挥其神经保护和脑血管保护作用。
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引用次数: 0
Integrative Human Genetic and Cellular Analysis of the Pathophysiological Roles of AnxA2 in Alzheimer's Disease. 对 AnxA2 在阿尔茨海默病中的病理生理作用的人类遗传学和细胞学综合分析。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101274
Lianmeng Ye, Jiazheng Zhao, Zhengpan Xiao, Wenyu Gu, Xiaoxuan Liu, Nuela Manka'a Che Ajuyo, Yi Min, Yechun Pei, Dayong Wang

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intractable and progressive neurodegenerative disease. Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is the hallmark of AD. Aβ induces neurotoxicity through a variety of mechanisms, including interacting with membrane receptors to alter downstream signaling, damaging cellular or organelle membranes, interfering with protein degradation and synthesis, and inducing an excessive immune-inflammatory response, all of which lead to neuronal death and other pathological changes associated with AD. In this study, we extracted gene expression profiles from the GSE5281 and GSE97760 microarray datasets in the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database, as well as from the Human Gene Database. We identified differentially expressed genes in the brain tissues of AD patients and healthy persons. Through GO, KEGG, and ROC analyses, annexin A2 (AnxA2) was identified as a putative target gene. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that intracellular AnxA2 is a key regulator in various biological processes, including endocytosis, transmembrane transport, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Thus, we conducted a series of cell biology experiments to explore the biological function of AnxA2 in AD. The results indicate that AnxA2 gene knockdown primarily affects oxidative phosphorylation, cell cycle, AD, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, and autophagy. In SH-SY5Y cells secreting Aβ42, AnxA2 gene knockdown exacerbated Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity, including cell death, intracellular ROS levels, and neuronal senescence, altered cell cycle, and reduced ATP levels, suggesting its critical role in mitochondrial function maintenance. AnxA2 gene knockdown also exacerbated the inhibitory effect of Aβ42 on cell migration. AnxA2 overexpression reduced the inflammatory response induced by Aβ42, while its absence increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory responses. Furthermore, AnxA2 gene knockdown facilitated apoptosis and decreased autophagy. These results indicated potential pathophysiological roles of AnxA2 in AD.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种难以治愈的进行性神经退行性疾病。淀粉样蛋白β(Aβ)聚集是阿尔茨海默病的标志。Aβ通过多种机制诱导神经毒性,包括与膜受体相互作用改变下游信号传导、破坏细胞膜或细胞器膜、干扰蛋白质降解和合成以及诱导过度免疫炎症反应,所有这些机制都会导致神经元死亡以及与AD相关的其他病理变化。在这项研究中,我们从 GEO(基因表达总库)数据库的 GSE5281 和 GSE97760 微阵列数据集以及人类基因数据库中提取了基因表达谱。我们发现了 AD 患者和健康人脑组织中的差异表达基因。通过GO、KEGG和ROC分析,Annexin A2(AnxA2)被确定为潜在的靶基因。值得注意的是,越来越多的证据表明,细胞内AnxA2是多种生物过程的关键调控因子,包括内吞、跨膜转运、神经炎症和细胞凋亡。因此,我们进行了一系列细胞生物学实验来探索 AnxA2 在 AD 中的生物学功能。结果表明,AnxA2基因敲除主要影响氧化磷酸化、细胞周期、AD、内质网中的蛋白质加工、囊泡转运中的SNARE相互作用以及自噬。在分泌Aβ42的SH-SY5Y细胞中,AnxA2基因敲除会加剧Aβ42诱导的细胞毒性,包括细胞死亡、细胞内ROS水平、神经元衰老、细胞周期改变和ATP水平降低,这表明它在线粒体功能维持中起着关键作用。AnxA2 基因敲除也加剧了 Aβ42 对细胞迁移的抑制作用。AnxA2 基因过表达可降低 Aβ42 诱导的炎症反应,而缺乏 AnxA2 基因则会增加促炎症反应,降低抗炎症反应。此外,AnxA2 基因敲除可促进细胞凋亡并减少自噬。这些结果表明了AnxA2在AD中的潜在病理生理作用。
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引用次数: 0
Massa Medicata Fermentata, a Functional Food for Improving the Metabolic Profile via Prominent Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Massa Medicata Fermentata,一种通过显著的抗氧化和抗炎作用改善代谢状况的功能性食品。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101271
Kyung-Mi Jung, Ga-Ram Yu, Da-Hoon Kim, Dong-Woo Lim, Won-Hwan Park

Massa Medicata Fermentata (MMF) is a naturally fermented product used to treat indigestion and increase stomach activity in traditional medicine. This study examined the ability of the hydrothermal extract of MMF to scavenge free radicals corresponding to biological oxidative stresses, further protecting essential biomolecules. The anti-inflammatory effects of MMF were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. In addition, the effects of MMF on the body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol accumulation in adult zebrafish fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for three weeks were examined. MMF prevented the DNA and lipid damage caused by oxidative stress, inhibited LDL oxidation, and reduced the expression of cytokines and related proteins (MAPK and NFκB), with prominent anti-oxidative pathway (NRF2-HO-1) activation properties. LPS-induced NO production was reduced, and the increase in BMI and TC caused by the HCD diet was suppressed by MMF in zebrafish embryos or adult zebrafish. The bioactive aglycone of quercetin may be contributing to the mechanisms of systemic effects. MMF has excellent antioxidant properties and is useful for improving inflammation status and metabolic profile, thus highlighting its potential as a healthy, functional food.

Massa Medicata Fermentata(MMF)是一种天然发酵产品,在传统医学中用于治疗消化不良和增强胃部活动。本研究考察了 MMF 水热提取物清除生物氧化应激相应自由基的能力,从而进一步保护重要的生物分子。研究评估了 MMF 在 LPS 诱导的 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞和斑马鱼中的抗炎作用。此外,还研究了 MMF 对喂食高胆固醇饮食(HCD)三周的成年斑马鱼体重指数(BMI)和胆固醇积累的影响。MMF能防止氧化应激引起的DNA和脂质损伤,抑制低密度脂蛋白氧化,减少细胞因子和相关蛋白(MAPK和NFκB)的表达,具有显著的抗氧化通路(NRF2-HO-1)激活特性。在斑马鱼胚胎或成年斑马鱼体内,MMF可减少LPS诱导的NO产生,并抑制HCD饮食引起的BMI和TC增加。槲皮素的生物活性苷元可能是产生全身效应的机制之一。MMF 具有出色的抗氧化特性,可用于改善炎症状态和代谢状况,因此具有作为健康功能性食品的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling by Phytotherapeutics in Periodontitis. 植物疗法在牙周炎中对 NRF2/KEAP1 信号的调节作用
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101270
Giovanni Tossetta, Sonia Fantone, Lucrezia Togni, Andrea Santarelli, Fabiola Olivieri, Daniela Marzioni, Maria Rita Rippo

Periodontitis affects up to 40% of adults over 60 years old and is a consequence of gingivitis. Periodontitis is characterized by a chronic inflammation, periodontal damage, and alveolar bone resorption. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) (NRF2/KEAP1) signaling pathway plays a key role in periodontitis by modulating redox balance and inflammation of the periodontium. However, NRF2 expression is decreased in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis while oxidative stress is significantly increased in this pathology. Oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by gram-negative bacteria favor the production of inflammatory causing periodontal inflammation and favoring alveolar bone. In this review, we analyzed the current literature regarding the role of natural and synthetic compounds in modulating the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of periodontitis in order to evaluate new potential treatments of periodontitis that can improve the outcome of this disease.

牙周炎影响着多达 40% 的 60 岁以上成年人,是牙龈炎的后遗症。牙周炎的特点是慢性炎症、牙周损伤和牙槽骨吸收。核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2(NFE2L2 或 NRF2)/Kelch 样 ECH 相关蛋白 1(KEAP1)(NRF2/KEAP1)信号通路通过调节氧化还原平衡和牙周炎症在牙周炎中起着关键作用。然而,在牙周炎患者的牙龈组织中,NRF2 的表达量减少,而氧化应激在这种病变中却显著增加。氧化应激和革兰氏阴性细菌产生的脂多糖(LPS)有利于炎症的产生,从而引起牙周炎症并有利于牙槽骨。在这篇综述中,我们分析了有关天然和合成化合物在牙周炎体外和体内模型中调节 NRF2/KEAP1 通路的作用的现有文献,以评估可改善牙周炎治疗效果的潜在新疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Deciphering the Landscape of GATA-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation in Gastric Cancer. 解密胃癌中 GATA 介导的转录调控格局
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101267
Rodiola Begolli, Anastasia Patouna, Periklis Vardakas, Anastasia Xagara, Kleanthi Apostolou, Demetrios Kouretas, Antonis Giakountis

Gastric cancer (GC) is an asymptomatic malignancy in early stages, with an invasive and cost-ineffective diagnostic toolbox that contributes to severe global mortality rates on an annual basis. Ectopic expression of the lineage survival transcription factors (LS-TFs) GATA4 and 6 promotes stomach oncogenesis. However, LS-TFs also govern important physiological roles, hindering their direct therapeutic targeting. Therefore, their downstream target genes are particularly interesting for developing cancer-specific molecular biomarkers or therapeutic agents. In this work, we couple inducible knockdown systems with chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA-seq to thoroughly detect and characterize direct targets of GATA-mediated transcriptional regulation in gastric cancer cells. Our experimental and computational strategy provides evidence that both factors regulate the expression of several coding and non-coding RNAs that in turn mediate for their cancer-promoting phenotypes, including but not limited to cell cycle, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and oxidative stress response. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of four metagene signatures consisting of selected GATA4/6 target transcripts is evaluated in a multi-cancer panel of ~7000 biopsies from nineteen tumor types, revealing elevated specificity for gastrointestinal tumors. In conclusion, our integrated strategy uncovers the landscape of GATA-mediated coding and non-coding transcriptional regulation, providing insights regarding their molecular and clinical function in gastric cancer.

胃癌(GC)是一种早期无症状的恶性肿瘤,其诊断工具箱具有侵入性且成本低廉,每年都会造成严重的全球死亡率。品系生存转录因子(LS-TFs)GATA4 和 6 的异位表达会促进胃癌的发生。然而,LS-TFs 还具有重要的生理作用,阻碍了它们的直接靶向治疗。因此,它们的下游靶基因对开发癌症特异性分子生物标记物或治疗药物特别有意义。在这项研究中,我们将诱导性基因敲除系统与染色质免疫沉淀和RNA-seq结合起来,对胃癌细胞中GATA介导的转录调控的直接靶标进行了彻底的检测和定性。我们的实验和计算策略提供的证据表明,这两种因子调控多种编码和非编码 RNA 的表达,进而介导其促癌表型,包括但不限于细胞周期、细胞凋亡、铁变态反应和氧化应激反应。最后,我们在一个由来自 19 种肿瘤类型的约 7000 份活检样本组成的多癌症面板中评估了由选定的 GATA4/6 目标转录物组成的四个元基因特征的诊断和预后潜力,结果显示它们对胃肠道肿瘤具有更高的特异性。总之,我们的综合策略揭示了 GATA 介导的编码和非编码转录调控的全貌,提供了有关它们在胃癌中的分子和临床功能的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Callistemon citrinus Leaf Phytosomes Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats Fed with a High-Fat-Fructose Diet. 枸杞叶植物体对高脂果糖饮食大鼠氧化应激和炎症的作用
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101263
Luis Gerardo Ortega-Pérez, José Armando Hernández-Soto, Osvaldo Padilla-Avalos, Luis Alberto Ayala-Ruiz, Oliver Rafid Magaña-Rodríguez, Jonathan Saúl Piñón-Simental, Asdrúbal Aguilera-Méndez, Daniel Godínez-Hernández, Patricia Rios-Chavez

Phytosomes are used as vehicles that carry plant extracts. They exhibit biological activities and possess better bioavailability, bioabsorption, and lower toxicity than drugs. Obesity is an inflammatory state in which oxidative stress is present, which triggers severe effects on the body's organs. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the extract and phytosomes of Callistemon citrinus on oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver and heart of Wistar rats fed with a high-fat-fructose diet. Phytosomes containing the extract of leaves of C. citrinus were prepared. The antioxidant, pro-inflammatory enzymes, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated. Among the groups, only the high-fat-fructose group presented an increase in the COX-2, 5-LOX, and MPO inflammatory enzymes, while the XO enzyme exhibited decreased activity. The groups were fed a hypercaloric diet for 15 weeks while orlistat, C. citrinus extract, and phytosomes were administered at three different concentrations, exhibiting enzyme activities similar to those of the control group. It was also observed that the lowest concentration of phytosomes had a comparable effect to the other concentrations. Callistemon citrinus extract can modulate the activities of enzymes involved in the inflammation process. Furthermore, small doses of phytosomes can serve as anti-inflammatory agents.

植物体被用作携带植物提取物的载体。与药物相比,植物载体具有更好的生物利用度、生物吸收性和较低的毒性,并显示出生物活性。肥胖是一种存在氧化应激的炎症状态,会对人体器官产生严重影响。本研究旨在评估 Callistemon citrinus 提取物和植物体对以高脂果糖饮食喂养的 Wistar 大鼠肝脏和心脏氧化应激和炎症的影响。制备了含有枸橘叶提取物的植物体。对氧化应激的抗氧化剂、促炎酶和生物标志物进行了评估。在各组中,只有高脂果糖组的 COX-2、5-LOX 和 MPO 炎症酶有所增加,而 XO 酶的活性有所降低。对各组进行为期 15 周的高热量饮食,同时给予三种不同浓度的奥利司他、C. citrinus 提取物和植物体,结果显示各组的酶活性与对照组相似。研究还发现,最低浓度的植物体与其他浓度的植物体效果相当。Callistemon citrinus 提取物可以调节参与炎症过程的酶的活性。此外,小剂量的植物小体可作为抗炎剂。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: Xu et al. Use of Optical Redox Imaging to Quantify Alveolar Macrophage Redox State in Infants: Proof of Concept Experiments in a Murine Model and Human Tracheal Aspirates Samples. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 546. 更正:Xu等人.利用光学氧化还原成像量化婴儿肺泡巨噬细胞的氧化还原状态:小鼠模型和人类气管吸入物样本的概念验证实验。抗氧化剂 2024,13,546。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101262
He N Xu, Diego Gonzalves, Jonathan H Hoffman, Joseph A Baur, Lin Z Li, Erik A Jensen

In the original publication [...].

在最初的出版物中 [......] 。
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引用次数: 0
Astaxanthin Supplementation Effects in Right Ventricle of Rats Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia. 补充虾青素对长期间歇性低压缺氧大鼠右心室的影响
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101269
Eduardo Pena, Samia El Alam, Constanza Gonzalez, Isaac Cortés, Diego Aguilera, Karen Flores, Karem Arriaza

In Chile, individuals are commonly exposed to high altitude due to the work shift system, involving days of exposure to high altitude followed by days at sea level over the long term, which can result in chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH). CIHH can cause high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH), the principal manifestation of which is right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), in some cases leading to heart failure and eventually death. Studies have shown the contribution of oxidative stress and inflammation to RVH development. Recently, it was determined that the pigment astaxanthin has high antioxidant capacity and strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of astaxanthin on RVH development in rats subjected to CIHH.

Methods: Thirty two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 8 per group): the normoxia with vehicle (NX), normoxia with astaxanthin (NX + AS), chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia with vehicle (CIHH), and chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia with astaxanthin (CIHH + AS) groups. CIHH was simulated by 2 days in a hypobaric chamber followed by 2 days at sea level for 29 days.

Results: Exposure to CIHH induced RVH and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), Nox2 expression, and SOD activity, however, it decreased pro-IL-1β expression. Astaxanthin restored oxidative stress markers (Nox2 and MDA), increased GPx activity, and decreased RVH compared to CIHH.

Conclusion: Astaxanthin alleviates RVH and reduces Nox2 and MDA levels while increasing GPx activity in rats subjected to CIHH. These findings provide new insights of astaxanthin as a new nutraceutical against high-altitude effects.

在智利,由于工作轮班制,人们通常会暴露在高海拔地区,其中几天暴露在高海拔地区,随后几天长期暴露在海平面地区,这可能会导致慢性间歇性低压缺氧(CIHH)。CIHH 可导致高海拔肺动脉高压(HAPH),其主要表现为右心室肥大(RVH),在某些情况下会导致心力衰竭,最终死亡。研究表明,氧化应激和炎症是导致右心室肥大的原因之一。最近,研究发现色素虾青素具有很高的抗氧化能力和很强的抗炎和保护心脏的作用。因此,本研究旨在确定虾青素对CIHH大鼠RVH发展的影响:32只雄性Wistar大鼠被随机分配到以下组别(每组8只):常压缺氧与载体组(NX)、常压缺氧与虾青素组(NX + AS)、慢性间歇低压缺氧与载体组(CIHH)和慢性间歇低压缺氧与虾青素组(CIHH + AS)。CIHH是在低压舱中模拟2天,然后在海平面上模拟2天,共29天:结果:暴露于 CIHH 会诱发 RVH,增加脂质过氧化(MDA)、Nox2 表达和 SOD 活性,但会降低促 IL-1β 表达。与CIHH相比,虾青素可恢复氧化应激标志物(Nox2和MDA),提高GPx活性,降低RVH:结论:虾青素可减轻RVH,降低Nox2和MDA水平,同时提高CIHH大鼠的GPx活性。这些发现为虾青素作为一种新的营养保健品对抗高海拔影响提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Antioxidants: A Hot Controversy Defused by Cool Semantics. 抗氧化剂:冷静的语义化解了一场激烈的争论。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101264
Ahmad Yaman Abdin, Muhammad Jawad Nasim, Claus Jacob

Recent years have witnessed a rather controversial debate on what antioxidants are and how beneficial they may be in the context of human health. Despite a considerable increase in scientific evidence, the matter remains highly divisive as different pieces of new data seem to support both the pro- and the anti-antioxidant perspective. Here, we argue that the matter at the heart of this debate is not necessarily empirical but of semantics. Thus, the controversy cannot be resolved with the traditional tools of natural sciences and by the mere accumulation of new data. In fact, the term "antioxidants" has been part of the scientific language game for a few decades and is nowadays used differently in the context of different scientific disciplines active at different levels of scientific complexity. It, therefore, represents not a single expression but an entire family of words with distinctively different connotations and associations. The transcendent use of this expression from a basic to a more complex discipline, such as going from chemistry to physiology, is problematic as it assigns the term with connotations that are not corroborated empirically. This may lead to false claims and aspirations not warranted by empirical data. Initially, health claims may not even be indented, yet, on occasion, they are welcome for reasons other than scientific ones. To resolve this debate, one may need to refrain from using the term "antioxidants" in disciplines and contexts where its meaning is unclear, limit its use to disciplines where it is essential and beneficial, and, in any case, become more specific in such contexts where its use is warranted, for instance, in the case of "dietary antioxidants".

近年来,关于什么是抗氧化剂以及抗氧化剂对人体健康有多大益处的争论相当激烈。尽管科学证据大大增加,但这一问题仍然存在很大分歧,因为不同的新数据似乎都支持支持抗氧化剂和反对抗氧化剂的观点。在此,我们认为这场争论的核心问题不一定是经验问题,而是语义问题。因此,仅靠传统的自然科学工具和新数据的积累是无法解决这场争论的。事实上,"抗氧化剂 "一词成为科学语言游戏的一部分已有几十年的历史,如今在不同的科学学科中,在不同的科学复杂程度上,其用法也不尽相同。因此,"抗氧化剂 "并不是一个单一的表达方式,而是一个具有明显不同内涵和联想的完整词族。从基础学科到更复杂的学科,如从化学到生理学,对这一表达方式的超越使用是有问题的,因为它赋予了这一术语未经经验证实的内涵。这可能会导致没有经验数据支持的错误主张和愿望。起初,健康主张甚至可能不被关注,但有时,它们却因科学以外的原因而受到欢迎。为了解决这一争论,人们可能需要在 "抗氧化剂 "一词含义不明确的学科和语境中避免使用该词,将其使用限制在该词必不可少且有益的学科中,无论如何,在有理由使用该词的语境中,例如在 "膳食抗氧化剂 "的情况下,使用该词应更加具体。
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Antioxidants
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