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Efficient resuscitation of early-stage viable but non-culturable cells of Vibrio cholerae using treatment with proteolytic enzymes. 蛋白水解酶对早期存活但不可培养的霍乱弧菌细胞的有效复苏。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01513-25
Shin-Ichi Miyoshi, Mona Ogasawara, Shiho Niwaki, Rena Sugihara, Basilua Andre Muzembo, Daisuke Imamura

Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is ubiquitous in environmental brackish waters. Exposure to low water temperatures induces the bacterium to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. In this study, a stepwise decrease in water temperature to 4°C was found to delay the transition to the non-culturable state compared to an abrupt temperature drop, suggesting that V. cholerae cells partially adapt to low temperatures. V. cholerae VBNC cells maintained at 4°C gradually lost their ability to revert to a culturable state. However, VBNC cells in the early stage of dormancy were efficiently resuscitated following treatment with proteolytic enzymes, including proteinase K. The abundance of culturable V. cholerae cells in brackish estuarine waters was quantified using the most probable number (MPN)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Although culturable cells were undetectable in samples treated with bovine serum albumin, they were estimated at 93 and 1,500 MPN/mL in two water samples collected on different days and pre-incubated with proteinase K. Similarly, the abundance of Vibrio species increased markedly following treatment with this enzyme. Additionally, cells of Vibrio species were enumerated by the plating method using CHROMagar Vibrio plates. Consistent with the results of the MPN-qPCR method, treatment with proteinase K resulted in over a 100-fold increase in colony formation. Collectively, these findings suggest that treatment with proteinase K is effective for resuscitating and quantifying V. cholerae VBNC cells in environmental water samples.

Importance: V. cholerae enters into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state when exposed to low water temperatures. Contamination of food and drinking water with VBNC cells poses a critical public health risk, as these cells retain their virulence but cannot be detected by conventional methods. In this study, we demonstrated that VBNC cells of V. cholerae could be efficiently resuscitated by treatment with proteolytic enzymes such as proteinase K, enabling their detection through standard culture-based assays. Environmental brackish water samples were analyzed for V. cholerae density using the most probable number (MPN)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. While V. cholerae was not detected in untreated samples, proteinase K treatment revealed densities of 93 or 1,500 MPN/mL. Therefore, the combination of proteinase K treatment with the MPN-qPCR method offers a promising approach for detecting VBNC bacterial contamination in food, drinking water, and environmental water.

霍乱的病原霍乱弧菌在环境中的微咸水域中普遍存在。暴露于低水温诱导细菌进入有活力但不可培养(VBNC)状态。本研究发现,与突然降温相比,逐步降低水温至4°C可延迟向不可培养状态的转变,这表明霍乱弧菌细胞部分适应低温。维持在4℃的霍乱弧菌VBNC细胞逐渐失去了恢复到可培养状态的能力。然而,在蛋白水解酶(包括蛋白酶k)的作用下,处于休眠早期的VBNC细胞被有效复苏。采用最可能数(MPN)-定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)方法定量了淡淡河口水中可培养的霍乱弧菌细胞的丰度。虽然在用牛血清白蛋白处理的样品中检测不到可培养细胞,但在不同日期收集的两个水样中,用蛋白酶k预孵育的可培养细胞估计为93和1500 MPN/mL。同样,弧菌种类的丰度在用蛋白酶k处理后显着增加。采用CHROMagar弧菌板对弧菌种类进行细胞计数。与MPN-qPCR方法的结果一致,用蛋白酶K处理导致菌落形成增加100倍以上。总的来说,这些发现表明,用蛋白酶K处理对环境水样中的霍乱弧菌VBNC细胞的复苏和定量是有效的。重要性:霍乱弧菌暴露在低水温时进入一种有活力但不可培养(VBNC)状态。食物和饮用水被VBNC细胞污染会对公众健康构成严重威胁,因为这些细胞仍具有毒性,但无法用常规方法检测到。在这项研究中,我们证明了霍乱弧菌的VBNC细胞可以通过蛋白酶K等蛋白水解酶处理有效复苏,从而可以通过基于培养的标准检测来检测。采用最可能数(MPN)-定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)法对环境半淡水中霍乱弧菌密度进行分析。虽然未经处理的样品中未检测到霍乱弧菌,但蛋白酶K处理显示密度为93或1,500 MPN/mL。因此,将蛋白酶K处理与MPN-qPCR方法相结合,为检测食品、饮用水和环境水中的VBNC细菌污染提供了一种很有前景的方法。
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引用次数: 0
High-pressure processing of pork liver reduces the infectivity of the hepatitis E virus. 高压处理猪肝可降低戊型肝炎病毒的传染性。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01054-25
Marie Pellerin, Jean-Luc Martin, Lauranne Harlet, Virginie Doceul, Nicole Pavio, Carole Feurer

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. The zoonotic HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) is present in various animal species, including pigs, wild boars, and other game animals. Foodborne transmission with the consumption of raw or undercooked pork products is the major transmission route of HEV-3. HEV RNA has been detected in various types of food, but particularly in pork liver-based food products. High hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) can be used for the inactivation of pathogens in food. In the present study, the impact of HPP treatments was evaluated on HEV-3 infectivity in raw pork liver. Different pressure/time combinations (500 MPa for 1 or 5 min, 600 MPa for 1, 5, or 10 min) were applied to raw pork livers, artificially contaminated with HEV-3 (8.3 log10 HEV ge/g). Residual HEV infectivity was evaluated using the HepaRG cell culture model in p-24 well plates. The results obtained have shown the absence of residual infectious HEV particles in pork liver after a treatment of 600 MPa, during 1 min in a refrigerated room at +8°C. Then, liver sausages were prepared with pork liver treated at 600 MPa for 1 min. Technological measurements showed that the treatment had a significant impact on brightness, firmness, red hue, and cohesiveness. Nevertheless, these differences have not been perceived after food testing, which highlighted no major difference in taste or color. Thus, inactivation of HEV-3 in raw pork liver by HPP is a possible treatment to limit the risk of HEV exposure through food consumption.

Importance: The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide. It can have a zoonotic origin through the consumption of infected meat. Pigs are the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV, and pork livers are frequently contaminated by HEV. In the present study, we investigated the use of high-pressure processing (HPP) to inactivate HEV-3 in pork liver. This study is the first to identify HPP treatment parameters that can be applied to pork liver to reduce HEV infectivity. Additionally, it is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of processing HPP-treated pork liver into food products, such as dry liver sausage.

戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)可引起人类急性和慢性肝炎。人畜共患的HEV基因型3 (HEV-3)存在于各种动物物种中,包括猪、野猪和其他狩猎动物。食用生的或未煮熟的猪肉产品的食源性传播是HEV-3的主要传播途径。在各种类型的食品中都检测到HEV RNA,但在以猪肝为基础的食品中尤其如此。高压静水处理(HPP)可用于食品中致病菌的灭活。本研究评价了HPP处理对生猪肝HEV-3传染性的影响。将不同的压力/时间组合(500 MPa持续1或5分钟,600 MPa持续1、5或10分钟)应用于被HEV-3 (8.3 log10 HEV ge/g)人工污染的生猪肝。在p-24孔板上用HepaRG细胞培养模型评估HEV残留感染性。结果表明,在+8°C的冷藏室中,经过600 MPa的处理,在1分钟内,猪肝中没有残留的传染性HEV颗粒。然后用猪肝在600 MPa下处理1 min制备肝肠。工艺测试表明,该处理对光亮度、硬度、红色色调和内聚性有显著影响。然而,这些差异在食品测试后并没有被察觉到,测试强调味道或颜色没有重大差异。因此,通过HPP使生猪肝中的HEV-3失活是一种可能的治疗方法,以限制通过食物摄入接触HEV的风险。重要性:戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)是世界范围内肠传播急性肝炎的主要原因。它可以通过食用受感染的肉类而引起人畜共患。猪是人畜共患戊肝病毒的主要宿主,猪肝经常被戊肝病毒污染。在本研究中,我们研究了使用高压处理(HPP)灭活猪肝中的HEV-3。这项研究首次确定了可用于猪肝的HPP治疗参数,以降低HEV传染性。此外,该研究首次证明了将hpp处理过的猪肝加工成食品(如干肝肠)的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging the paradigm of metabolic exclusivity: coexistence of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in oil reservoirs. 挑战代谢专一性范式:油藏中产甲烷和硫酸盐还原的共存。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02172-25
Shanquan Wang, Yi Su

The prevailing dogma in microbial ecology holds that sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) outcompete methanogenic archaea for common substrates (e.g., H2/formate and acetate), leading to the mutual exclusion of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in sulfate-rich anaerobic environments. This principle underpins models of organic carbon flow to sulfate-respiration-derived CO2 in ecosystems like oil reservoirs, where seawater injection introduces high concentrations of sulfate. In an Applied and Environmental Microbiology article by S. Beilig, L. Voskuhl, I. Geydirici, L. K. Tintrop, T. C. Schmidt, and R. U. Meckenstock (91:e00141-25, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00141-25), the authors challenge this view by demonstrating coexistence of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in a sulfate-adapted enrichment culture from an oil reservoir. The authors employ incubation experiments and microbial activity assessment via the reverse stable isotope labeling (RSIL) method to argue for metabolic coexistence, even under conditions thought to favor complete competitive exclusion. This commentary discusses the mechanistic reasons underlying the coexistence and explores the broader implications for predicting microbial activities and interactions. The study compellingly argues that thermodynamic and kinetic arguments alone are insufficient to predict microbial community function, necessitating a more nuanced understanding of microbial interactions in complex environments.

微生物生态学的主流观点认为,硫酸盐还原微生物(SRMs)在常见底物(如H2/甲酸酯和乙酸酯)上胜过产甲烷的古细菌,导致硫酸盐还原和产甲烷在富含硫酸盐的厌氧环境中相互排斥。这一原理支持了在油藏等生态系统中有机碳流向由硫酸盐呼吸产生的二氧化碳的模型,在这些生态系统中,注入海水会引入高浓度的硫酸盐。在一篇由S. Beilig, L. Voskuhl, I. Geydirici, L. K. Tintrop, T. C. Schmidt和R. U. Meckenstock (91:e00141- 25,2025, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00141-25)发表的应用与环境微生物学文章中,作者通过证明在油藏中适应硫酸盐的富集培养中甲烷生成和硫酸盐还原共存,挑战了这一观点。作者采用孵育实验和通过反向稳定同位素标记(RSIL)方法进行微生物活性评估来论证代谢共存,即使在被认为有利于完全竞争排斥的条件下也是如此。这篇评论讨论了共存的机制原因,并探讨了预测微生物活动和相互作用的更广泛意义。该研究令人信服地认为,仅凭热力学和动力学的论据不足以预测微生物群落的功能,需要对复杂环境中微生物的相互作用进行更细致的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Bacillus subtilis on the corrosion resistance of B30 copper-nickel alloy and the biomass-regulated mineralization mechanism. 枯草芽孢杆菌对B30铜镍合金耐蚀性的影响及生物质调控矿化机制
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02286-25
Meiying Lv, Lixian Chen, Xingyi Tang, Ruoxi Huang, Min Du, Xiyun Zhang, Xingchuan Zhao, Yan Li, Yongxu Du

This study investigates the corrosion inhibition behavior of Bacillus subtilis on B30 copper-nickel alloy in seawater, focusing on its biomass components in regulating biomineralization. Results show that B. subtilis formed a protective biofilm and induced the precipitation of a uniform biomineral layer, mainly composed of Ca-Mg carbonates. This layer acted as a physical barrier, resulting in a low corrosion current of (5.85 ± 0.08) × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² and reducing the maximum pit depth from 44.74 to 18.54 µm. Furthermore, the roles of different biomass components, such as bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and soluble microbial products (SMPs), were also investigated. It was found that all components could initiate mineralization, but with distinct outcomes: bacterial cells primarily served as structural templates; EPS facilitated the formation of highly crystalline and stable Mg-calcite, providing the most durable protection, while SMPs promoted the formation of well-crystallized calcite with comparatively lower protective efficacy.IMPORTANCECorrosion is a critical issue prevalent across various industries, where traditional corrosion control technologies are often limited by high costs, complex implementation, and potential environmental hazards. Biomineralization, as an emerging green anti-corrosion strategy, is not only environmentally friendly but also enables long-term effective protection, reducing reliance on toxic chemical agents and lowering economic costs. However, due to the complexity of microbial systems, the mechanisms underlying biomineralization are not yet fully understood. In this study, different biomass components-including bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substances, and secreted metabolites-were isolated from Bacillus subtilis cultures using a series of separation techniques, and their impacts on the mineralization process were systematically evaluated. This work elucidates the corrosion inhibition mechanism of biomineralization and provides valuable insights into the relationship between specific microbial components and biomineral formation, which holds significant implications for developing eco-friendly corrosion inhibition technologies.

本研究研究枯草芽孢杆菌对海水中B30铜镍合金的腐蚀抑制行为,重点研究其生物矿化调节的生物质成分。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌形成了一层保护性生物膜,并诱导形成了一层均匀的生物矿物层,主要由Ca-Mg碳酸盐组成。这一层起到了物理屏障的作用,产生了(5.85±0.08)× 10⁻⁷a /cm²的低腐蚀电流,并将坑的最大深度从44.74µm减少到18.54µm。此外,还研究了细菌细胞、胞外聚合物质(EPS)和可溶性微生物产物(SMPs)等不同生物量组分的作用。研究发现,所有成分都可以启动矿化,但结果不同:细菌细胞主要作为结构模板;EPS有利于形成高结晶且稳定的镁方解石,保护效果最持久,而SMPs有利于形成结晶良好的方解石,保护效果相对较低。腐蚀是各个行业普遍存在的一个关键问题,传统的腐蚀控制技术往往受到高成本、复杂实施和潜在环境危害的限制。生物矿化作为一种新兴的绿色防腐策略,不仅环境友好,而且可以实现长期有效的保护,减少对有毒化学剂的依赖,降低经济成本。然而,由于微生物系统的复杂性,生物矿化的机制尚不完全清楚。本研究采用一系列分离技术,从枯草芽孢杆菌培养物中分离出不同的生物量组分,包括细菌细胞、细胞外聚合物质和分泌代谢物,并系统地评估了它们对矿化过程的影响。这项工作阐明了生物矿化的缓蚀机制,为特定微生物组分与生物矿形成之间的关系提供了有价值的见解,这对开发生态友好的缓蚀技术具有重要意义。
{"title":"Influence of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> on the corrosion resistance of B30 copper-nickel alloy and the biomass-regulated mineralization mechanism.","authors":"Meiying Lv, Lixian Chen, Xingyi Tang, Ruoxi Huang, Min Du, Xiyun Zhang, Xingchuan Zhao, Yan Li, Yongxu Du","doi":"10.1128/aem.02286-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aem.02286-25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the corrosion inhibition behavior of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> on B30 copper-nickel alloy in seawater, focusing on its biomass components in regulating biomineralization. Results show that <i>B. subtilis</i> formed a protective biofilm and induced the precipitation of a uniform biomineral layer, mainly composed of Ca-Mg carbonates. This layer acted as a physical barrier, resulting in a low corrosion current of (5.85 ± 0.08) × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² and reducing the maximum pit depth from 44.74 to 18.54 µm. Furthermore, the roles of different biomass components, such as bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and soluble microbial products (SMPs), were also investigated. It was found that all components could initiate mineralization, but with distinct outcomes: bacterial cells primarily served as structural templates; EPS facilitated the formation of highly crystalline and stable Mg-calcite, providing the most durable protection, while SMPs promoted the formation of well-crystallized calcite with comparatively lower protective efficacy.IMPORTANCECorrosion is a critical issue prevalent across various industries, where traditional corrosion control technologies are often limited by high costs, complex implementation, and potential environmental hazards. Biomineralization, as an emerging green anti-corrosion strategy, is not only environmentally friendly but also enables long-term effective protection, reducing reliance on toxic chemical agents and lowering economic costs. However, due to the complexity of microbial systems, the mechanisms underlying biomineralization are not yet fully understood. In this study, different biomass components-including bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substances, and secreted metabolites-were isolated from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> cultures using a series of separation techniques, and their impacts on the mineralization process were systematically evaluated. This work elucidates the corrosion inhibition mechanism of biomineralization and provides valuable insights into the relationship between specific microbial components and biomineral formation, which holds significant implications for developing eco-friendly corrosion inhibition technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8002,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e0228625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145713005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From currents to water masses: fine-scale insights into microbial biogeography in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension region. 从水流到水团:黑潮-好潮延伸区微生物生物地理学的精细洞察。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01960-25
Rong Huang, Yulin Zhang, Lulu Han, Ronghua Liu, Xinyi Zhai, Ke Zeng, Guodong Song, Honghai Zhang, Peng Yao, Zhaohui Chen, Jiwen Liu, Xiao-Hua Zhang

The Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) region is a highly variable region in the North Pacific Ocean, characterized by strong environmental gradients and multi-scale oceanographic processes. However, the fine-scale impact of these currents and associated water masses on microbial communities remains poorly understood. Here, high-resolution samples from 18 to 24 layers were collected along a transect in the KOE region in 2021, with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and environmental parameter measurements conducted to investigate the Kuroshio-Oyashio influence on microbial communities. Strong regional and vertical variations in environmental parameters and microbial communities were observed, with main horizontal regional differentiations confined to the upper 500 m. Photoautotrophic and oligotrophic taxa (e.g., SAR11 clade and Cyanobacteria) were enriched in warm, oligotrophic Kuroshio region, whereas the cold nutrient-rich Oyashio and confluence regions supported higher microbial abundance, diversity, and complex microbial interactions. Consistently, heterotrophic bacteria (1.00 × 10⁶-1.17 × 10⁹ cells L⁻¹) were more abundant in the upper 55 m of the Oyashio and confluence regions than in the Kuroshio region. Below the thermocline (~500 m), community composition was primarily structured by depth, indicating a diminishing Kuroshio-Oyashio current influence. Three main water masses (subtropical mode water [STMW], central mode water, and North Pacific intermediate water [NPIW]) with distinct microbial communities were identified, explaining ~11% of microbial variation beyond depth and geography, with biomarker taxa identified (e.g., Actinomarinales for STMW, Nitrosopumilales for NPIW). This study reveals the extent of Kuroshio-Oyashio influence on microbial communities and highlights the integrated impacts of large-scale currents and fine-scale water masses on shaping microbial biogeography in the KOE region.IMPORTANCEThe convergence of the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents shapes high microbial diversity, as well as complex microbial-mediated biogeochemical processes. However, investigations into the microbial distribution patterns in relation to these current systems remain limited in spatial resolution. This study with high-resolution samples reveals the extent of Kuroshio-Oyashio influence on microbial communities and advances the understanding of how multi-scale oceanographic processes influence microbial biogeographical patterns. It provides a fine-scale perspective for exploring microbial distribution and assembly in highly dynamic oceanic environments.

黑潮-孤潮伸展区(KOE)是北太平洋一个环境梯度强、海洋过程多尺度多变的区域。然而,这些水流和相关水团对微生物群落的精细影响仍然知之甚少。在这里,研究人员于2021年在KOE地区沿样带收集了18至24层的高分辨率样品,并进行了16S rRNA基因扩增子测序和环境参数测量,以研究黑潮-重潮对微生物群落的影响。环境参数和微生物群落的区域和垂直差异较大,水平区域差异主要集中在500 m以上。光自养和少养类群(如SAR11支系和蓝藻)在温暖的少养黑潮地区富集,而寒冷的富营养区和汇流区支持更高的微生物丰度、多样性和复杂的微生物相互作用。与此同时,异养细菌(1.00 × 10⁶-1.17 × 10⁹细胞L⁻¹)在重潮和汇流区55米以上的地方比黑潮地区更丰富。在温跃层以下(~500 m),群落组成主要由深度组成,表明黑潮-好潮洋流的影响正在减弱。发现了三个主要水团(亚热带模式水[STMW]、中央模式水和北太平洋中间水[NPIW])具有不同的微生物群落,解释了约11%的深度和地理以外的微生物变异,并确定了生物标记类群(例如,STMW的Actinomarinales, NPIW的Nitrosopumilales)。本研究揭示了黑潮-溯潮对微生物群落的影响程度,强调了大尺度水流和细尺度水团对KOE地区微生物生物地理形成的综合影响。黑潮和孤潮洋流的汇聚形成了高度的微生物多样性,以及复杂的微生物介导的生物地球化学过程。然而,与这些当前系统相关的微生物分布模式的研究在空间分辨率上仍然有限。本研究利用高分辨率样本揭示了黑潮-异潮对微生物群落的影响程度,并促进了对多尺度海洋过程如何影响微生物生物地理格局的理解。它为探索高动态海洋环境中微生物的分布和组合提供了一个精细的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of plasmalogen production in facultative anaerobic bacteria and aerobic synthesis in recombinant Escherichia coli expressing anaerobic bacterium-derived plasmalogen synthase genes. 兼性厌氧细菌产浆醛原的特性及表达厌氧细菌衍生浆醛原合成酶基因的重组大肠杆菌的好氧合成。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00940-25
Rei Irimajiri, Meimi Kuwabara, Yohei Ishibashi, Sakurako Ano, Yasuhiro Fujino, Masanori Honsho, Katsuya Fukami, Shiro Mawatari, Takehiko Fujino, Katsumi Doi
<p><p>Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with vital physiological functions, conferring antioxidant properties and contributing to membrane stabilization. While plasmalogen synthase genes <i>plsA</i> and <i>plsR</i> were identified in the obligate anaerobic bacterium <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, plasmalogen production has not been reported in facultative anaerobes, in which a single gene commonly encodes <i>plsA</i>. To establish a cost-effective microbial plasmalogen production system, we screened 38 lactic acid bacterial strains and identified 11 plasmalogen producers, with <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> K-4 exhibiting the highest productivity. Optimization of culture conditions, including the substitution of glucose with lactose and the addition of soy-derived peptides, increased plasmalogen production by 1.5-fold. Heterologous expression of plasmalogen synthesis genes from <i>E. faecalis</i> K-4, <i>Lactococcus cremoris</i> ATCC BAA-493, <i>C. perfringens</i> HN13, and <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> in <i>Escherichia coli</i> BL21(DE3) confirmed plasmalogen biosynthesis in all strains. Recombinant <i>PlsA</i> from facultative anaerobic <i>L. cremoris</i> ATCC BAA-493 exhibited superior oxygen tolerance, enabling high plasmalogen production under aerobic conditions. Structural analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed consistent plasmalogen species (PE-Pls 16:0/17:0CP, 16:0/19:0CP, and 19:0/17:0CP) across strains and conditions. Plasmalogen-producing <i>E. coli</i> recombinants demonstrated enhanced oxidative and osmotic stress resistance, with plasmalogen-expressing cells exhibiting significantly reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and improved growth in 1.0 M NaCl. Structural modeling using AlphaFold3 indicated that the C-terminal α-helix of <i>L. cremoris</i> PlsA contributes to its oxygen tolerance. These findings highlight the potential of facultative anaerobic bacteria, particularly <i>L. cremoris</i> ATCC BAA-493, for scalable plasmalogen production and underscore the functional benefits of plasmalogens in enhancing stress resilience.</p><p><strong>Importance: </strong>Plasmalogens are essential glycerophospholipids with crucial physiological functions, including membrane stabilization and antioxidant activity. Recently, supplements that support brain function have gained considerable attention but are expensive due to their extraction from animal tissues and marine sources. In this study, we identified facultative anaerobic bacteria as a cost-effective source for plasmalogen production, offering an accessible strategy to introduce plasmalogens into the diet. Additionally, introducing plasmalogen biosynthetic genes into <i>Escherichia coli</i> presents a promising approach for large-scale, efficient plasmalogen production. Notably, for the first time, we achieved aerobic plasmalogen production using recombinant <i>E. coli</i> harboring plasmalogen biosynthetic genes from <i>Lactococcus cremoris</i>
缩醛磷脂是具有重要生理功能的甘油磷脂,具有抗氧化特性,有助于膜的稳定。虽然在专性厌氧细菌产气荚膜梭菌中发现了plasmalogen synthase基因plsA和plsR,但在兼性厌氧细菌中尚未发现plasmalogen的产生,在兼性厌氧细菌中,单个基因通常编码plsA。为了建立具有成本效益的微生物产质酶体系,我们筛选了38株乳酸菌,鉴定出11株产质酶菌,其中粪肠球菌K-4产质酶菌量最高。优化培养条件,包括用乳糖代替葡萄糖和添加大豆衍生肽,使浆醛原的产量提高了1.5倍。粪肠球菌K-4、cremoris乳球菌ATCC BAA-493、产气荚膜球菌HN13和长双歧杆菌的合成基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的异源表达证实了所有菌株的合成。从兼性厌氧L. cremoris ATCC BAA-493中提取的重组PlsA表现出优异的氧耐受性,在有氧条件下能够高产出等离子体原。液相色谱-串联质谱的结构分析表明,不同菌株和条件下的等离子体原种类(PE-Pls 16:0/17:0CP、16:0/19:0CP和19:0/17:0CP)一致。产生等离子体原的大肠杆菌重组体表现出增强的氧化和渗透胁迫抗性,表达等离子体原的细胞在1.0 M NaCl中表现出明显减少活性氧积累和促进生长的能力。利用AlphaFold3构建的结构模型表明,L. cremoris PlsA的c端α-螺旋对其氧耐受性有贡献。这些发现强调了兼性厌氧细菌,特别是L. cremoris ATCC BAA-493,在可扩展的plasmalogen生产方面的潜力,并强调了plasmalogen在增强应激恢复能力方面的功能益处。重要性:缩醛磷脂是必需的甘油磷脂,具有重要的生理功能,包括膜稳定和抗氧化活性。最近,支持大脑功能的补充剂获得了相当大的关注,但由于它们是从动物组织和海洋来源中提取的,因此价格昂贵。在这项研究中,我们确定了兼性厌氧细菌作为一种具有成本效益的产糖源,为将糖源引入饮食提供了一种可行的策略。此外,在大肠杆菌中引入生物合成基因为大规模、高效地生产等离子体原提供了一条有前途的途径。值得注意的是,我们首次利用重组大肠杆菌实现了有氧等离子体原的生产,重组大肠杆菌含有来自cremoris乳球菌的等离子体原生物合成基因。我们推测,L. cremoris plasmalogen合成酶的氧耐受性增强,可能是由于一种防止[4Fe-4S]簇氧化降解的保护机制,从而增强了这种有氧生产。
{"title":"Characterization of plasmalogen production in facultative anaerobic bacteria and aerobic synthesis in recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> expressing anaerobic bacterium-derived plasmalogen synthase genes.","authors":"Rei Irimajiri, Meimi Kuwabara, Yohei Ishibashi, Sakurako Ano, Yasuhiro Fujino, Masanori Honsho, Katsuya Fukami, Shiro Mawatari, Takehiko Fujino, Katsumi Doi","doi":"10.1128/aem.00940-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/aem.00940-25","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with vital physiological functions, conferring antioxidant properties and contributing to membrane stabilization. While plasmalogen synthase genes &lt;i&gt;plsA&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;plsR&lt;/i&gt; were identified in the obligate anaerobic bacterium &lt;i&gt;Clostridium perfringens&lt;/i&gt;, plasmalogen production has not been reported in facultative anaerobes, in which a single gene commonly encodes &lt;i&gt;plsA&lt;/i&gt;. To establish a cost-effective microbial plasmalogen production system, we screened 38 lactic acid bacterial strains and identified 11 plasmalogen producers, with &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt; K-4 exhibiting the highest productivity. Optimization of culture conditions, including the substitution of glucose with lactose and the addition of soy-derived peptides, increased plasmalogen production by 1.5-fold. Heterologous expression of plasmalogen synthesis genes from &lt;i&gt;E. faecalis&lt;/i&gt; K-4, &lt;i&gt;Lactococcus cremoris&lt;/i&gt; ATCC BAA-493, &lt;i&gt;C. perfringens&lt;/i&gt; HN13, and &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium longum&lt;/i&gt; in &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; BL21(DE3) confirmed plasmalogen biosynthesis in all strains. Recombinant &lt;i&gt;PlsA&lt;/i&gt; from facultative anaerobic &lt;i&gt;L. cremoris&lt;/i&gt; ATCC BAA-493 exhibited superior oxygen tolerance, enabling high plasmalogen production under aerobic conditions. Structural analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed consistent plasmalogen species (PE-Pls 16:0/17:0CP, 16:0/19:0CP, and 19:0/17:0CP) across strains and conditions. Plasmalogen-producing &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; recombinants demonstrated enhanced oxidative and osmotic stress resistance, with plasmalogen-expressing cells exhibiting significantly reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and improved growth in 1.0 M NaCl. Structural modeling using AlphaFold3 indicated that the C-terminal α-helix of &lt;i&gt;L. cremoris&lt;/i&gt; PlsA contributes to its oxygen tolerance. These findings highlight the potential of facultative anaerobic bacteria, particularly &lt;i&gt;L. cremoris&lt;/i&gt; ATCC BAA-493, for scalable plasmalogen production and underscore the functional benefits of plasmalogens in enhancing stress resilience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Plasmalogens are essential glycerophospholipids with crucial physiological functions, including membrane stabilization and antioxidant activity. Recently, supplements that support brain function have gained considerable attention but are expensive due to their extraction from animal tissues and marine sources. In this study, we identified facultative anaerobic bacteria as a cost-effective source for plasmalogen production, offering an accessible strategy to introduce plasmalogens into the diet. Additionally, introducing plasmalogen biosynthetic genes into &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; presents a promising approach for large-scale, efficient plasmalogen production. Notably, for the first time, we achieved aerobic plasmalogen production using recombinant &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; harboring plasmalogen biosynthetic genes from &lt;i&gt;Lactococcus cremoris&lt;/i&gt;","PeriodicalId":8002,"journal":{"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e0094025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The interplay between the marine diazotroph Vibrio diazotrophicus and its prophage shapes both biofilm structure and nitrogen release. 重氮营养菌重氮营养菌及其噬菌体之间的相互作用决定了生物膜的结构和氮的释放。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01564-25
Louise Mahoudeau, Pauline Crétin, Aurélie Joublin-Delavat, Sophie Rodrigues, Clara Guillouche, Isabelle Louvet, Nadège Bienvenu, Claire Geslin, Gabriel Dulaquais, Jean-François Maguer, François Delavat

Marine environments are frequently oligotrophic, characterized by low amount of bioassimilable nitrogen sources. At the global scale, the microbial fixation of N₂, or diazotrophy, represents the primary source of fixed nitrogen in pelagic marine ecosystems, playing a key role in supporting primary production and driving the export of organic matter to the deep ocean. However, given the high energetic cost of N₂ fixation, the active release of fixed nitrogen by diazotrophs appears counterintuitive, suggesting the existence of alternative passive release pathways that remain understudied to date. Here, we show that the marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph Vibrio diazotrophicus is endowed with a prophage belonging to the Myoviridae family, whose expression is induced under anoxic and biofilm-forming conditions. We demonstrate that this prophage can spontaneously excise from the genome of its host and that it forms intact and infective phage particles. Moreover, phage-mediated host cell lysis leads to increased biofilm production compared with a prophage-free derivative mutant and to increased release of dissolved organic carbon and ammonium. Altogether, the results suggest that viruses may play a previously unrecognized role in oceanic ecosystem dynamics by structuring microhabitats suitable for diazotrophy and by contributing to the recycling of (in)organic matter.

Importance: Diazotrophs are key players in ocean functioning by providing fixed nitrogen to ecosystems and fueling primary production. However, from a physiological point of view, the active release of nitrogenous compounds by diazotrophs is paradoxical, since they would invest in an energy-intensive process and supply nutrient to non-sibling cells, with the risk of being outcompeted. Therefore, alternative ways leading to the release of fixed nitrogen must exist. Here, we show that the marine non-cyanobacterial diazotroph Vibrio diazotrophicus possesses one prophage, whose activation leads to cell death, increased biofilm production, and the release of dissolved organic compounds and ammonium. Taken together, our results provide evidence that marine phage-diazotroph interplay leads to the creation of microhabitats suitable for diazotrophy, such as biofilm, and to nutrient cycling, and contributes to better understanding of the role of viruses in marine ecosystems.

海洋环境通常是寡营养的,其特点是生物可吸收的氮源数量少。在全球范围内,微生物对氮的固定作用(重氮化作用)是远洋海洋生态系统中固定氮的主要来源,在支持初级生产和推动有机物向深海输出方面发挥着关键作用。然而,考虑到固氮的高能量成本,重氮营养体对固定氮的主动释放似乎是违反直觉的,这表明存在其他被动释放途径,但迄今为止仍未得到充分研究。在这里,我们发现海洋非蓝藻重氮营养菌重氮营养菌弧菌被赋予一个属于肌病毒科的前噬菌体,其表达在缺氧和生物膜形成条件下被诱导。我们证明这种噬菌体可以自发地从宿主的基因组中切除,并形成完整的感染性噬菌体颗粒。此外,与无噬菌体的衍生突变体相比,噬菌体介导的宿主细胞裂解导致生物膜产量增加,溶解有机碳和铵的释放增加。总之,结果表明,病毒可能通过构建适合重氮化的微栖息地和促进有机物的循环,在海洋生态系统动力学中发挥了以前未被认识到的作用。重要性:重氮营养体通过向生态系统提供固定氮和促进初级生产,在海洋功能中起着关键作用。然而,从生理学的角度来看,重氮营养体主动释放含氮化合物是矛盾的,因为它们将投资于一个能量密集型的过程,并为非兄弟细胞提供营养,冒着被淘汰的风险。因此,必须存在导致固定氮释放的替代方法。在这里,我们表明,海洋非蓝藻重氮营养菌重氮营养菌弧菌具有一个噬菌体,其激活导致细胞死亡,增加生物膜的生产,并释放溶解的有机化合物和铵。综上所述,我们的研究结果提供了证据,证明海洋噬菌体-重氮营养物相互作用导致了适合重氮营养物的微栖息地的产生,如生物膜和营养循环,并有助于更好地理解病毒在海洋生态系统中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
A mathematical framework to correct for compositionality in microbiome data sets. 一个数学框架,以纠正微生物组数据集的组合性。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01126-25
Samuel P Forry, Stephanie L Servetas, Jason G Kralj, Monique E Hunter, Jennifer N Dootz, Scott A Jackson

The increasing use of metagenomic sequencing (MGS) for microbiome analysis has significantly advanced our understanding of microbial communities and their roles in various biological processes, including human health, environmental cycling, and disease. However, the inherent compositionality of MGS data, where the relative abundance of each taxon depends on the abundance of all other taxa, complicates the measurement of individual taxa and the interpretation of microbiome data. Here, we describe an experimental design that incorporates exogenous internal standards in routine MGS analyses to correct for compositional distortions. A mathematical framework was developed for using the observed internal standard relative abundance to calculate "Scaled Abundances" for native taxa that were (i) independent of sample composition and (ii) directly proportional to actual biological abundances. Through analysis of mock community and human gut microbiome samples, we demonstrate that Scaled Abundances outperformed traditional relative abundance measurements in both precision and accuracy and enabled reliable, quantitative comparisons of individual microbiome taxa across varied sample compositions and across a wide range of taxon abundances. By providing a pathway to accurate taxon quantification, this approach holds significant potential for advancing microbiome research, particularly in clinical and environmental health applications where precise microbial profiling is critical.IMPORTANCEMetagenomic sequencing (MGS) analysis has become central to modern characterizations of microbiome samples. However, the inherent compositionality of these analyses, where the relative abundance of each taxon depends on the abundance of all other taxa, often complicates interpretations of results. We present here an experimental design and corresponding mathematical framework that uses internal standards with routine MGS methods to correct for compositional distortions. We validate this approach for both amplicon and shotgun MGS analysis of mock communities and human gut microbiome (fecal) samples. By using internal standards to remove compositionality, we demonstrate significantly improved measurement accuracy and precision for quantification of taxon abundances. This approach is broadly applicable across a wide range of microbiome research applications.

越来越多地使用宏基因组测序(MGS)进行微生物组分析,极大地提高了我们对微生物群落及其在各种生物过程中的作用的理解,包括人类健康、环境循环和疾病。然而,MGS数据固有的组成性,其中每个分类单元的相对丰度取决于所有其他分类单元的丰度,使单个分类单元的测量和微生物组数据的解释复杂化。在这里,我们描述了一个实验设计,在常规MGS分析中结合外源性内部标准来纠正成分扭曲。建立了一个数学框架,利用观测到的内标准相对丰度计算原生分类群的“标度丰度”(i)与样本组成无关,(ii)与实际生物丰度成正比。通过对模拟群落和人类肠道微生物组样本的分析,我们证明了缩放丰度在精度和准确性方面都优于传统的相对丰度测量,并且能够在不同样品组成和广泛的分类群丰度范围内对单个微生物组分类群进行可靠的定量比较。通过提供精确分类群定量的途径,这种方法具有推进微生物组研究的巨大潜力,特别是在临床和环境健康应用中,精确的微生物谱分析至关重要。元基因组测序(MGS)分析已成为现代微生物组样品表征的核心。然而,这些分析固有的组合性,即每个分类单元的相对丰度取决于所有其他分类单元的丰度,往往使结果的解释复杂化。我们在这里提出了一个实验设计和相应的数学框架,使用常规MGS方法的内部标准来纠正成分失真。我们对模拟群落和人类肠道微生物组(粪便)样本的扩增子和霰弹枪MGS分析验证了这种方法。通过使用内部标准去除组合性,我们证明了分类单元丰度定量的测量准确度和精度显着提高。这种方法广泛适用于广泛的微生物组研究应用。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence and applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in bifidobacteria. CRISPR-Cas系统在双歧杆菌中的出现及应用。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01703-25
Jiyong Shin, Rodolphe Barrangou

Bifidobacterium is a key member of the human gut microbiota, and many strains are widely used as probiotics due to their health-promoting properties. Despite growing interest, genetic studies in Bifidobacterium have been relatively limited, primarily due to the lack of available genome editing tools. Recent advances in genomics and CRISPR-Cas systems provide opportunities for targeted genome modification in this genus. In this review, we provide an overview of the occurrence, diversity, and distribution of CRISPR-Cas systems across Bifidobacterium species and examine the editing tools developed and implemented to date. We also highlight practical challenges such as strain variability and low transformation efficiency and introduce future avenues of research such as large-payload insertion and in situ editing. Expanding the genetic toolbox for Bifidobacterium will broaden our understanding of this important genus and enable the development of next-generation probiotics.

双歧杆菌是人类肠道菌群的重要成员,许多菌株因其促进健康的特性而被广泛用作益生菌。尽管人们对双歧杆菌的兴趣越来越大,但由于缺乏可用的基因组编辑工具,对双歧杆菌的遗传研究相对有限。基因组学和CRISPR-Cas系统的最新进展为该属的靶向基因组修饰提供了机会。在这篇综述中,我们概述了双歧杆菌物种中CRISPR-Cas系统的发生、多样性和分布,并检查了迄今为止开发和实施的编辑工具。我们还强调了实际挑战,如应变变异性和低转换效率,并介绍了未来的研究途径,如大载荷插入和原位编辑。扩大双歧杆菌的遗传工具箱将拓宽我们对这一重要属的理解,并使下一代益生菌的开发成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial lagoon project alters archaeal diversity, community assembly, and potential activity around a nearshore island: insights from an annual cycle. 人工泻湖项目改变了近岸岛屿周围古细菌的多样性、群落聚集和潜在活动:来自年度周期的见解。
IF 3.7 2区 生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01499-25
Haoyu Song, Xuya Hu, Zhen Chen, Lanying Yuan, Pengbo Gao, Yujie Huang, Demin Zhang, Kai Wang

Coastal lagoon project is a common strategy for enhancing flood control capability and ecosystem services, yet its impact on microbiota, especially archaea, remains unclear. Using 16S rRNA gene and transcript sequencing, we compared archaeal diversity, community assembly processes, and potential activity in an artificial lagoon and adjacent seaward waters through monthly sampling over an annual cycle. The lagoon has created a distinct water environment with reduced salinity and turbidity, along with unique dissolved organic matter profiles. The lagoon's influence overrode seasonal variability in archaeal alpha-diversity, yielding overall higher levels within the lagoon. Despite pronounced seasonal shifts-Nitrosopumilaceae dominating in cooler seasons and Poseidoniales prevailing in warmer months-the lagoon's influence on archaeal community composition across taxonomic scales remained evident, particularly in the spatial niche partitioning of Poseidoniales populations. Lagoon archaeal communities exhibited higher turnover rates and accelerated seasonal recurrence compared with those in the seaward zone. Although archaeal community assembly was primarily driven by water-mass effects, selection occasionally exerted a stronger influence in seaward waters. Analyses involving the 50 most abundant zero-radius operational taxonomic units (ZOTUs) revealed that the lagoon project had a stronger and more widespread effect on the distribution of key archaeal taxa than on their potential activity, consistent with the trend observed at the genus level, except for two Nitrosopumilaceae genera: Nitrosopumilus often exhibited lower activity, while Nitrosopelagicus occasionally showed higher activity in the lagoon. Our findings highlight that the lagoon project variably altered archaeal diversity, community assembly, and potential activity, underscoring microbial consequences and potential ecological impacts of nearshore restoration projects.

Importance: Coastal lagoon projects are widely employed to enhance ecosystem services, such as water quality, yet their impacts on microbial communities-particularly archaea-remain poorly understood. This year-long study reveals that artificial lagoon environments significantly reshape archaeal communities by increasing alpha-diversity, accelerating seasonal turnover, and shifting dominant taxa, especially among ammonia-oxidizing archaea and Poseidoniales. Community assembly was primarily governed by water-mass effects introduced through lagoon maintenance, while archaeal potential activity exhibited taxon-specific patterns. These findings uncover critical, previously overlooked microbial consequences of lagoon engineering and emphasize the importance of incorporating microbial dynamics into the planning and evaluation of nearshore restoration projects.

沿海泻湖工程是提高防洪能力和生态系统服务的常用策略,但其对微生物群,特别是古菌群的影响尚不清楚。研究人员利用16S rRNA基因和转录本测序技术,通过每年一次的采样,比较了人工泻湖和邻近海域古菌的多样性、群落组装过程和潜在活性。泻湖创造了一个独特的水环境,降低了盐度和浑浊度,以及独特的溶解有机物剖面。泻湖的影响超过了古菌α多样性的季节变化,使泻湖内的总体水平更高。尽管存在明显的季节变化——亚硝化菌科在较冷的季节占主导地位,波塞冬属在较暖的季节占主导地位——泻湖对古细菌群落组成的影响仍然明显,特别是在波塞冬属种群的空间生态位划分方面。泻湖古菌群落的周转率高于向海带古菌群落,季节循环加快。虽然古细菌群落的聚集主要是由水质量效应驱动的,但在临海水域,自然选择偶尔也会产生更大的影响。对50个最丰富的零半径操作分类单元(zero-radius operational taxonomic units, ZOTUs)的分析表明,泻湖工程对关键古细菌分类群的分布的影响大于对其潜在活性的影响,这与在属水平上观察到的趋势一致,除了两个亚硝酸藻科属,亚硝酸藻在泻湖中经常表现出较低的活性,而亚硝酸藻在泻湖中偶尔表现出较高的活性。我们的研究结果强调,泻湖工程改变了古细菌多样性、群落组合和潜在活动,强调了近岸恢复工程的微生物后果和潜在的生态影响。重要性:沿海泻湖项目被广泛用于增强生态系统服务,如水质,但它们对微生物群落(特别是古细菌)的影响仍然知之甚少。这项为期一年的研究表明,人工泻湖环境通过增加α多样性、加速季节更替和改变优势分类群,特别是氨氧化古细菌和海神古细菌,显著地重塑了古细菌群落。群落聚集主要受泻湖维护过程中引入的水质量效应的支配,而古细菌的潜在活动表现出分类群特有的模式。这些发现揭示了关键的,以前被忽视的泻湖工程的微生物后果,并强调了将微生物动力学纳入近岸恢复项目规划和评估的重要性。
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Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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