Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0856
K. Szymanowski, Daniel Gruszczyński
Effect of thermomechanical modification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood on machine sanding efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermomechanical modification of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the efficiency of machine sanding. For this purpose, pine wood samples (undensified and densified) were subjected to mechanical sanding. The effect of the modification on the mass loss in the sanding process was investigated and the quality of the obtained surface was examined. Roughness parameters Ra and Rz were used as criteria for the quality of the sanded surface. The study was carried out for three different grit sizes of sanding paper. It was found that the thermomechanical modification of Scots pine wood had a statistically significant effect on the mass loss during sanding and the roughness of the obtained surface. Wood samples subjected to thermomechanical compaction were characterised by lower susceptibility to sanding measured on the basis of weight loss and lower surface roughness.
{"title":"Effect of thermomechanical modification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood on machine sanding efficiency","authors":"K. Szymanowski, Daniel Gruszczyński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0856","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of thermomechanical modification of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood on machine sanding efficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermomechanical modification of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the efficiency of machine sanding. For this purpose, pine wood samples (undensified and densified) were subjected to mechanical sanding. The effect of the modification on the mass loss in the sanding process was investigated and the quality of the obtained surface was examined. Roughness parameters Ra and Rz were used as criteria for the quality of the sanded surface. The study was carried out for three different grit sizes of sanding paper. It was found that the thermomechanical modification of Scots pine wood had a statistically significant effect on the mass loss during sanding and the roughness of the obtained surface. Wood samples subjected to thermomechanical compaction were characterised by lower susceptibility to sanding measured on the basis of weight loss and lower surface roughness.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81467627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0501
Katarzyna Bartoszuk, G. Kowaluk
Moisture influence on solid wood bonded with modified starch. A growing and developing population is contributing to the ever-increasing global warming, which is caused, among other things, by the heavy use of chemicals. Most of them are crude oil-based, which is a non-renewable source. That is why the population tries to find organic substitutes in every area, even in the wood industry. Here, the most common and popular binders - amine resins, are subjected in research to partial or full replacement by more natural binders, non-formaldehyde, made of renewable raw materials, preferably plant-based. In this project, the studies were carried out on the possibility of starch-based glue application in wood bonding and its effect on glued birch wood (Betula L.) under various environmental storage conditions of bonded samples. The results show, that the samples at room temperature and normal humidity, as well as another – additionally dried, have a very similar shear strength. In-wood damages, on the other hand, are much more varied. The research also included moistened samples, which gave poorer results. Based on the results, it can be concluded, that modified starch is a very good organic glue, that can potentially replace some chemical products in certain applications.
{"title":"Moisture influence on solid wood bonded with modified starch","authors":"Katarzyna Bartoszuk, G. Kowaluk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0501","url":null,"abstract":"Moisture influence on solid wood bonded with modified starch. A growing and developing population is contributing to the ever-increasing global warming, which is caused, among other things, by the heavy use of chemicals. Most of them are crude oil-based, which is a non-renewable source. That is why the population tries to find organic substitutes in every area, even in the wood industry. Here, the most common and popular binders - amine resins, are subjected in research to partial or full replacement by more natural binders, non-formaldehyde, made of renewable raw materials, preferably plant-based. In this project, the studies were carried out on the possibility of starch-based glue application in wood bonding and its effect on glued birch wood (Betula L.) under various environmental storage conditions of bonded samples. The results show, that the samples at room temperature and normal humidity, as well as another – additionally dried, have a very similar shear strength. In-wood damages, on the other hand, are much more varied. The research also included moistened samples, which gave poorer results. Based on the results, it can be concluded, that modified starch is a very good organic glue, that can potentially replace some chemical products in certain applications.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83938884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0489
K. Śmietańska, M. Mielczarek
Strength properties of furniture corner joints constructed with different wooden connectors and wood-based materials. The aims of this study were to determine the influence of the type of invisible wooden connectors on the strength in glued corner joints for chipboard and MDF, the most popular boards in box furniture. Three variants of connectors arrangement were considered: variant I - with the use of 4 wood grooven beech dowels, Variant II - with the use 2 beech Domino pins, Variant III - connectors mixed arrangement. Experiment results indicated that samples prepared using joining with dowels provided the highest strength values of all variants (F=1169 N for MDF panel, F= 617 for chipboard panel). Moreover, it has been observed that the corner connection with Domino pins is the type of connection with the lowest strength. It is worth noting that the above tendency was observed in both types of wood-based panels. The influence of the material also turned out to be a statistically significant factor in the analysis of joint strength. The use of MDF panel increased the strength values ,by 47% of the dowel joint, by 36% of the Domino pins and 34% of the connectors mixed arrangement, compared to their use in chipboard.
{"title":"Strength properties of furniture corner joints constructed with different wooden connectors and wood-based materials","authors":"K. Śmietańska, M. Mielczarek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0489","url":null,"abstract":"Strength properties of furniture corner joints constructed with different wooden connectors and wood-based materials. The aims of this study were to determine the influence of the type of invisible wooden connectors on the strength in glued corner joints for chipboard and MDF, the most popular boards in box furniture. Three variants of connectors arrangement were considered: variant I - with the use of 4 wood grooven beech dowels, Variant II - with the use 2 beech Domino pins, Variant III - connectors mixed arrangement. Experiment results indicated that samples prepared using joining with dowels provided the highest strength values of all variants (F=1169 N for MDF panel, F= 617 for chipboard panel). Moreover, it has been observed that the corner connection with Domino pins is the type of connection with the lowest strength. It is worth noting that the above tendency was observed in both types of wood-based panels. The influence of the material also turned out to be a statistically significant factor in the analysis of joint strength. The use of MDF panel increased the strength values ,by 47% of the dowel joint, by 36% of the Domino pins and 34% of the connectors mixed arrangement, compared to their use in chipboard.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81866592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0490
Aleksandra Jeżo, Anita Wronka
Post-extraction birch bark residues as a potential binder in particleboards. Nowadays, in the wood-based composites industry, aspects such as ecology and joining the current circular economy play a very important role. However, user safety is also very important. Formaldehyde is one of the hazardous substances which, if emitted too high, can harm human health. Unfortunately, binders containing formaldehyde still reign supreme in the wood-based panels' industry. Therefore, this paper concerns the possibility of using post-extraction residues obtained during the extraction of suberinic acid, as a formaldehyde-free and ecological binder in the production of particleboards. The main component, suberinic acid, is a colorless, crystalline solid used in the synthesis of drugs and the production of plastics. The aim of the research was to answer the question: since suberinic acid itself is a good binder in the production of particle boards, as described in other publications, it is worth checking whether the post-extraction residues also have similarly good properties of joining particles in particle boards, depending on the size of the wood particles? In addition, the use of post-extraction residues of bark, and thus the elimination of synthetic adhesives in the wood-based composites production process, allows the reuse of wood raw material, which fits perfectly with the idea of upcycling. The tests showed that using post-extraction residues of birch bark, using 10% and 20% resination, the requirements of the EN 312: 2010 standard were met only in the case of the modulus of elasticity for boards made of the largest wood particles used in the tests. The resination and the size of wood particles contributed to the improvement of the properties of the tested boards.
{"title":"Post-extraction birch bark residues as a potential binder in particleboards","authors":"Aleksandra Jeżo, Anita Wronka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0490","url":null,"abstract":"Post-extraction birch bark residues as a potential binder in particleboards. Nowadays, in the wood-based composites industry, aspects such as ecology and joining the current circular economy play a very important role. However, user safety is also very important. Formaldehyde is one of the hazardous substances which, if emitted too high, can harm human health. Unfortunately, binders containing formaldehyde still reign supreme in the wood-based panels' industry. Therefore, this paper concerns the possibility of using post-extraction residues obtained during the extraction of suberinic acid, as a formaldehyde-free and ecological binder in the production of particleboards. The main component, suberinic acid, is a colorless, crystalline solid used in the synthesis of drugs and the production of plastics. The aim of the research was to answer the question: since suberinic acid itself is a good binder in the production of particle boards, as described in other publications, it is worth checking whether the post-extraction residues also have similarly good properties of joining particles in particle boards, depending on the size of the wood particles? In addition, the use of post-extraction residues of bark, and thus the elimination of synthetic adhesives in the wood-based composites production process, allows the reuse of wood raw material, which fits perfectly with the idea of upcycling. The tests showed that using post-extraction residues of birch bark, using 10% and 20% resination, the requirements of the EN 312: 2010 standard were met only in the case of the modulus of elasticity for boards made of the largest wood particles used in the tests. The resination and the size of wood particles contributed to the improvement of the properties of the tested boards.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90685034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9367
Kamil Rybinski, P. Borysiuk
The influence of selected factors on the strength of angle joints of frame elements. The research determined the impact of 5 types of adhesives (PVAc, EVA, PO, PO met., PUR) and the time elapsed since the moment of gluing (4, 8, 12, 24 and 72h) on the strength of the mitre joints of frame elements made of MDF. The elements of the frames were additionally connected with metal staples. As a reference option, joining elements without an adhesive, using only staples, was employed. The strength of the connections was determined as the maximum module when testing connections in two configurations: compression and tensile strength. For each variant, 10 repetitions were performed. It was demonstrated that regardless of the test system or the time elapsed since gluing, the highest values of the modules were recorded in the case of the EVA adhesive. In turn, the use of PO and PUR adhesives requires a long bonding time, while PO met. and PVAc adhesives are characterized by low suitability for gluing mitre joints made of MDF sheets (values of modules comparable to the values of modules having only stapled connections).
{"title":"The influence of selected factors on the strength of angle joints of frame elements","authors":"Kamil Rybinski, P. Borysiuk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9367","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of selected factors on the strength of angle joints of frame elements. The research determined the impact of 5 types of adhesives (PVAc, EVA, PO, PO met., PUR) and the time elapsed since the moment of gluing (4, 8, 12, 24 and 72h) on the strength of the mitre joints of frame elements made of MDF. The elements of the frames were additionally connected with metal staples. As a reference option, joining elements without an adhesive, using only staples, was employed. The strength of the connections was determined as the maximum module when testing connections in two configurations: compression and tensile strength. For each variant, 10 repetitions were performed. It was demonstrated that regardless of the test system or the time elapsed since gluing, the highest values of the modules were recorded in the case of the EVA adhesive. In turn, the use of PO and PUR adhesives requires a long bonding time, while PO met. and PVAc adhesives are characterized by low suitability for gluing mitre joints made of MDF sheets (values of modules comparable to the values of modules having only stapled connections).\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91517118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9369
I. Betlej, M. Barlak, J. Wilkowski, Z. Werner, J. Zagórski, Karolina Lipska, P. Boruszewski
Wettability of the surface of bacterial cellulose film modified with low energy ion implantation The paper presents the preliminary results of the modification on the water wettability of cellulose, using ion implantation method. Two kinds ions of the noble gases, i.e. helium and argon were implanted with fluences of 1e15 nand 1e16 cm-2, and with the ion energy of 60 keV. The measurements of the contact angle values show the different influence of both types ions on the hydrophobicity of the modified cellulose, but the hydrophobicity of implanted cellulose increases in all cases. The real investigations were supplemented with the modelling results of the depth profiles of the implanted ions and the main parameters of the modelled peaks.
{"title":"Wettability of the surface of bacterial cellulose film modified with the ion implantation","authors":"I. Betlej, M. Barlak, J. Wilkowski, Z. Werner, J. Zagórski, Karolina Lipska, P. Boruszewski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9369","url":null,"abstract":"Wettability of the surface of bacterial cellulose film modified with low energy ion implantation\u0000The paper presents the preliminary results of the modification on the water wettability of cellulose, using ion implantation method. Two kinds ions of the noble gases, i.e. helium and argon were implanted with fluences of 1e15 nand 1e16 cm-2, and with the ion energy of 60 keV. The measurements of the contact angle values show the different influence of both types ions on the hydrophobicity of the modified cellulose, but the hydrophobicity of implanted cellulose increases in all cases. The real investigations were supplemented with the modelling results of the depth profiles of the implanted ions and the main parameters of the modelled peaks.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90954059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0191
O. Bytner, A. Laskowska, M. Drożdżek, J. Zawadzki
Influence of thermal modification in nitrogen atmosphere on the gloss of black poplar (Populus nigra L.). Heat treatment of wood is a process to which improve mechanical and physical properties. During this treatment is observed changes aesthetic properties of wood among others gloss. The aim of this research was to conduct the influence of time and temperature on surface gloss of black poplar wood (Populus nigra L.). Wood was modified by heat treatment process in nitrogen atmosphere in temperaturę from 160 °C to 220 °C, and during the following time periods 2 h - 8 h. Under the influence of modification Surface of modified wood change the gloss of black poplar wood. There was correlation between temperaturę and gloss changing and longer time of treatment. In temperaturę 220 °C decrease og gloss was 45 % for radial section and 52 % for tangential section. Influence of time and temperature on modified black poplar wood was different and depend on section. Temperature of modification was in 20 % accountable for gloss change on radial section and in 38 % for gloss change on tangential section. Influence of time during the proces was much smaller then temperaturę parameters and was 3 % and 5 % respectively for radial and tangential section.
氮大气热改性对黑杨光泽度的影响。木材的热处理是一种提高机械和物理性能的过程。在此处理期间，观察到木材的美学特性发生了变化，其中包括光泽。本研究的目的是研究时间和温度对黑杨木(Populus nigra L.)表面光泽的影响。在160℃~ 220℃的氮气气氛中，在2 h ~ 8 h的时间内对木材进行热处理。在改性的影响下，改性木材的表面光泽度发生了变化。温度和光泽度的变化与处理时间的延长有关。温度为220℃时，径向截面光泽度降低45%，切向截面光泽度降低52%。时间和温度对改性黑杨木的影响是不同的，且随截面的不同而不同。改性温度对径向截面的光泽度变化的影响占20%，对切向截面的光泽度变化的影响占38%。在此过程中，时间的影响远小于温度参数，径向和切向截面的影响分别为3%和5%。
{"title":"Influence of thermal modification in nitrogen atmosphere on the gloss of black poplar (Populus nigra L.)","authors":"O. Bytner, A. Laskowska, M. Drożdżek, J. Zawadzki","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0191","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of thermal modification in nitrogen atmosphere on the gloss of black poplar (Populus nigra L.). Heat treatment of wood is a process to which improve mechanical and physical properties. During this treatment is observed changes aesthetic properties of wood among others gloss. The aim of this research was to conduct the influence of time and temperature on surface gloss of black poplar wood (Populus nigra L.). Wood was modified by heat treatment process in nitrogen atmosphere in temperaturę from 160 °C to 220 °C, and during the following time periods 2 h - 8 h. Under the influence of modification Surface of modified wood change the gloss of black poplar wood. There was correlation between temperaturę and gloss changing and longer time of treatment. In temperaturę 220 °C decrease og gloss was 45 % for radial section and 52 % for tangential section. Influence of time and temperature on modified black poplar wood was different and depend on section. Temperature of modification was in 20 % accountable for gloss change on radial section and in 38 % for gloss change on tangential section. Influence of time during the proces was much smaller then temperaturę parameters and was 3 % and 5 % respectively for radial and tangential section.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81400948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8702
J. Biernacka, Krzysztof Niedzielski, P. Beer
The importance of kitchen furniture ergonomics for people with disabilities. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the kitchen equipment for people with disabilities from the point of view of furniture ergonomics and their adaptation to the needs of this social group. Research has shown that the majority of respondents are not satisfied with the equipment of their kitchen and, having such an opportunity, would make changes to it. At the same time, the responses showed little knowledge of people with disabilities about the available design solutions for furniture available on the market.
{"title":"The importance of kitchen furniture ergonomics for people with disabilities","authors":"J. Biernacka, Krzysztof Niedzielski, P. Beer","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8702","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of kitchen furniture ergonomics for people with disabilities. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the kitchen equipment for people with disabilities from the point of view of furniture ergonomics and their adaptation to the needs of this social group. Research has shown that the majority of respondents are not satisfied with the equipment of their kitchen and, having such an opportunity, would make changes to it. At the same time, the responses showed little knowledge of people with disabilities about the available design solutions for furniture available on the market.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86776906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8935
D. Bednarczyk, P. Boruszewski
Lightweight particleboards - manufacturing modification using a blowing agent from the group of bicarbonates. Although the low-density particleboards have grown in popularity, due to their facilitated transportation and a lower mass in the assembled finished products, there is still certain constraints in their use caused by limited mechanical properties. These obstacles may be overcome by the mechanism of foaming the polymers that bind wood particles in the boards’ structure. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using sodium bicarbonate as a blowing agent of phenolic resin used for bonding wood particles in the technology of lightweight particleboards. It was found that the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the amount of 5% in relation to the dry weight of the phenolic resin significantly increase the internal bond strength of the manufactured particleboards.
{"title":"Lightweight particleboards - manufacturing modification using a blowing agent from the group of bicarbonates","authors":"D. Bednarczyk, P. Boruszewski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8935","url":null,"abstract":"Lightweight particleboards - manufacturing modification using a blowing agent from the group of bicarbonates. Although the low-density particleboards have grown in popularity, due to their facilitated transportation and a lower mass in the assembled finished products, there is still certain constraints in their use caused by limited mechanical properties. These obstacles may be overcome by the mechanism of foaming the polymers that bind wood particles in the boards’ structure. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using sodium bicarbonate as a blowing agent of phenolic resin used for bonding wood particles in the technology of lightweight particleboards. It was found that the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the amount of 5% in relation to the dry weight of the phenolic resin significantly increase the internal bond strength of the manufactured particleboards.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73181112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.0487
Patrycja Zatoń, P. Kozakiewicz, P. Mańkowski
Investigation of round Scots pine wood WC01 class using X-ray computer tomography. Scots pine is the most widespread type of wood in Poland with wide industrial use. The typical starting material used for the production of layered floor elements are logs of WC01 class (class according to the Polish Standard PN-D-95008: 1992 and Order no 72 - GM-900-5 / 2013 of General Director of the State Forests in Poland). Using X-ray computed tomography, tests of fresh wood in the bark were carried out, confirming the full suitability of this technique for the precise assessment of wood density as well as its grain and distribution of anatomical defects (knots). The different level of humidity of sapwood and heartwood in fresh wood is visible in tomographic images and translates into a much higher recorded density of the wetter zone of sapwood. Calibration of the tomograph used made it possible to convert the Hounsfield density scale into actual densities expressed in kg/m3.
{"title":"Investigation of round Scots pine wood WC01 class using X-ray computer tomography","authors":"Patrycja Zatoń, P. Kozakiewicz, P. Mańkowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.0487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0487","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of round Scots pine wood WC01 class using X-ray computer tomography. Scots pine is the most widespread type of wood in Poland with wide industrial use. The typical starting material used for the production of layered floor elements are logs of WC01 class (class according to the Polish Standard PN-D-95008: 1992 and Order no 72 - GM-900-5 / 2013 of General Director of the State Forests in Poland). Using X-ray computed tomography, tests of fresh wood in the bark were carried out, confirming the full suitability of this technique for the precise assessment of wood density as well as its grain and distribution of anatomical defects (knots). The different level of humidity of sapwood and heartwood in fresh wood is visible in tomographic images and translates into a much higher recorded density of the wetter zone of sapwood. Calibration of the tomograph used made it possible to convert the Hounsfield density scale into actual densities expressed in kg/m3.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83046032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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