Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8937
Dominik Sierant, Dominka Szadkowska
The aim of the study was analysis of quantitative and qualitative extractive components extracted from hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and yakal (Shorea astylosa Foxw.) wood. Two wood species similar to each other in terms of microscopic structure and physical properties, the native wood of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and the yakal wood (Shorea astylosa Foxw.) endemic to the Philippines, which is still little understood, were investigated. Wood is a material composed mainly of polymers called lignocellulose which includes: (cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses), but also contains many extractive and mineral substances. . The extractive content of wood in temperate climates is approximately for up to 5% by weight of wood. Their identification is difficult because of the wide variety and multiplicity of compounds present. However, extractive compounds are important for the resistance of trees and wood to biological agents such as fungal infestation or insect infestation. Usually the zones of dead wood (heartwood or cored wood) are characterized by a higher content of extractives. The understanding of the chemical composition of extractives in wood can contribute to the development of wood preservative products and environmentally friendly and would be part of the green chemistry policy.
{"title":"Analysis of quantitative and qualitative extractive components extracted from hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and yakal (Shorea astylosa Foxw.) wood","authors":"Dominik Sierant, Dominka Szadkowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8937","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was analysis of quantitative and qualitative extractive components extracted from hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and yakal (Shorea astylosa Foxw.) wood. Two wood species similar to each other in terms of microscopic structure and physical properties, the native wood of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and the yakal wood (Shorea astylosa Foxw.) endemic to the Philippines, which is still little understood, were investigated. Wood is a material composed mainly of polymers called lignocellulose which includes: (cellulose, lignin and hemicelluloses), but also contains many extractive and mineral substances. . The extractive content of wood in temperate climates is approximately for up to 5% by weight of wood. Their identification is difficult because of the wide variety and multiplicity of compounds present. However, extractive compounds are important for the resistance of trees and wood to biological agents such as fungal infestation or insect infestation. Usually the zones of dead wood (heartwood or cored wood) are characterized by a higher content of extractives. The understanding of the chemical composition of extractives in wood can contribute to the development of wood preservative products and environmentally friendly and would be part of the green chemistry policy.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80994626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8667
Tomasz Gliszczyński, A. Antczak
The study of selected properties of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) subjected to acetylation. In the paper pine wood was subjected to acetylation with acetic anhydride and mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid (50:50)v/v. After modification process density, WPG index, water absorbability, volume swelling and colour of wood were carried out and compared with results obtained for unmodified pine wood. Based on the obtained results the density of acetylated pine wood was increased for each group of samples. The highest WPG index was obtained for previously dried wood modified with acetic anhydride (15.6%) or mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid (10.5%). Acetylation process with acetic anhydride or mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid of samples, which were extracted (in chloroform-ethanol 93:7w/w mixture) and dried before modification, had beneficial effect on water absorbability of pine wood. These samples after 1001h (about 42 days) of soaking in water reached the lowest values of water absorbability (about 94%). Moreover, the volume swelling were significantly reduced for samples after double impregnation cycle (both in case of modification with acetic anhydride or mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid). Wood after acetylation process was slightly darker than unmodified pine wood. Acetylation of samples, which were dried and soaked in DMF before modification, caused significant darkening of pine wood. The obtained colour was similar to colour of furfurylated wood (Kebony wood) or some of exotic species.
{"title":"The study of selected properties of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) subjected \u0000to acetylation","authors":"Tomasz Gliszczyński, A. Antczak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8667","url":null,"abstract":"The study of selected properties of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) subjected to acetylation. In the paper pine wood was subjected to acetylation with acetic anhydride and mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid (50:50)v/v. After modification process density, WPG index, water absorbability, volume swelling and colour of wood were carried out and compared with results obtained for unmodified pine wood. Based on the obtained results the density of acetylated pine wood was increased for each group of samples. The highest WPG index was obtained for previously dried wood modified with acetic anhydride (15.6%) or mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid (10.5%). Acetylation process with acetic anhydride or mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid of samples, which were extracted (in chloroform-ethanol 93:7w/w mixture) and dried before modification, had beneficial effect on water absorbability of pine wood. These samples after 1001h (about 42 days) of soaking in water reached the lowest values of water absorbability (about 94%). Moreover, the volume swelling were significantly reduced for samples after double impregnation cycle (both in case of modification with acetic anhydride or mixture of acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid). Wood after acetylation process was slightly darker than unmodified pine wood. Acetylation of samples, which were dried and soaked in DMF before modification, caused significant darkening of pine wood. The obtained colour was similar to colour of furfurylated wood (Kebony wood) or some of exotic species.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77155371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9057
Alicja Banaś, Zbigniew Karwat
Influence of the glue joint on the speed of propagation of sound waves in wood. The aim of this study is to demonstrate differences in the propagation of sound waves in wood depending on the type of glue used to form the joint. Samples of tree species considered as resonant wood, i.e. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), and for comparison, wood of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) were used. The fractured samples were glued together using glutinous fish glue, polyurethane glue (Titebond Liquid Glue) and cyanoacrylate glue (BONDOLOC B415). All types of glue are used in instrument repair, of which glutinous glue is regarded to be the correct one used in gluing technique. The test was carried out using a non-destructive ultrasonic method. It has been shown that the highest decreases in speed of propagation of sound waves are in wood glued with glutinous glue and the lowest in wood glued with cyanoacrylate glue.
{"title":"Influence of the glue joint on the speed of propagation of sound waves in wood","authors":"Alicja Banaś, Zbigniew Karwat","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9057","url":null,"abstract":"Influence of the glue joint on the speed of propagation of sound waves in wood. The aim of this study is to demonstrate differences in the propagation of sound waves in wood depending on the type of glue used to form the joint. Samples of tree species considered as resonant wood, i.e. Norway spruce (Picea abies) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), and for comparison, wood of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) were used. The fractured samples were glued together using glutinous fish glue, polyurethane glue (Titebond Liquid Glue) and cyanoacrylate glue (BONDOLOC B415). All types of glue are used in instrument repair, of which glutinous glue is regarded to be the correct one used in gluing technique. The test was carried out using a non-destructive ultrasonic method. It has been shown that the highest decreases in speed of propagation of sound waves are in wood glued with glutinous glue and the lowest in wood glued with cyanoacrylate glue.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75226407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9278
T. Kłosińska, S. Krzosek
Giganten-wechsel in der Europäischen Sägeindustrie. In diesem Artikel werden die aktuelle Situation und die wichtigsten Änderungen in der Sägeindustrie in Europa vorgestellt: Die Großen werden noch größer. Sowohl die Einschnittskapazität von Rundholz als auch die Schnittholzproduktion in Europa wachsen kontinuierlich. Die Autoren schildern in diesem Artikel die Geschichte des ehemaligen Symbols für Expansion und dynamische Entwicklung in der europäischen Sägebranche: Klausner, so wie auch den heutigen Zustand der Firma Klausner. Darüber hinaus wird auch der Entwicklungsweg des neuen Erfolgssymbols in der Branche – der Firma Binderholz aufgezeichnet. Darüber hinaus wird über die wichtigsten Übernahmen in der Branche berichtet. Die größten Akteure sind heute nicht nur reine Sägewerksfirmen, sondern Konzerne, die Schnittholz produzieren und das Schnittholz sofort zu Endprodukten z.B. KVH, BSH, BBS verarbeiten, sich aber auch mit der Papierherstellung, mit Biomassekraftwerken oder der Pelletproduktion beschäftigen.
{"title":"Giganten-wechsel in Europäische Sägeindustrie","authors":"T. Kłosińska, S. Krzosek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9278","url":null,"abstract":"Giganten-wechsel in der Europäischen Sägeindustrie. In diesem Artikel werden die aktuelle Situation und die wichtigsten Änderungen in der Sägeindustrie in Europa vorgestellt: Die Großen werden noch größer. Sowohl die Einschnittskapazität von Rundholz als auch die Schnittholzproduktion in Europa wachsen kontinuierlich. Die Autoren schildern in diesem Artikel die Geschichte des ehemaligen Symbols für Expansion und dynamische Entwicklung in der europäischen Sägebranche: Klausner, so wie auch den heutigen Zustand der Firma Klausner. Darüber hinaus wird auch der Entwicklungsweg des neuen Erfolgssymbols in der Branche – der Firma Binderholz aufgezeichnet. Darüber hinaus wird über die wichtigsten Übernahmen in der Branche berichtet. Die größten Akteure sind heute nicht nur reine Sägewerksfirmen, sondern Konzerne, die Schnittholz produzieren und das Schnittholz sofort zu Endprodukten z.B. KVH, BSH, BBS verarbeiten, sich aber auch mit der Papierherstellung, mit Biomassekraftwerken oder der Pelletproduktion beschäftigen.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79501574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8701
K. Chlebiej, I. Betlej
The influence of the composition of microbiological medium on the efficiency of bacterial cellulose synthesis. The main objective was to investigate the effect of culture medium composition on the process of bacterial cellulose synthesis. Five different nutrients were used as carbon sources for cellulose synthesising microorganisms: glucose, fructose, erythrol, inulin and lactose, added to the medium at three different concentrations (1%, 2.5%, and 4.5%). It was observed that the type and amount of nutrients included in the culture medium significantly affected the cellulose synthesis efficiency. It was observed that the best results of polymer synthesis were obtained on medium containing 1% fructose. Furthermore, the results obtained clearly confirm that the composition of the culture medium has a significant effect on the water retention of the polymer during its synthesis on the culture media.
{"title":"The influence of microbiological medium composition on the efficiency of bacterial cellulose synthesis","authors":"K. Chlebiej, I. Betlej","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8701","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the composition of microbiological medium on the efficiency of bacterial cellulose synthesis. The main objective was to investigate the effect of culture medium composition on the process of bacterial cellulose synthesis. Five different nutrients were used as carbon sources for cellulose synthesising microorganisms: glucose, fructose, erythrol, inulin and lactose, added to the medium at three different concentrations (1%, 2.5%, and 4.5%). It was observed that the type and amount of nutrients included in the culture medium significantly affected the cellulose synthesis efficiency. It was observed that the best results of polymer synthesis were obtained on medium containing 1% fructose. Furthermore, the results obtained clearly confirm that the composition of the culture medium has a significant effect on the water retention of the polymer during its synthesis on the culture media.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83988335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8689
A. Różańska, Karolina Bodych
Classics of Polish Design. Polish avant-garde Bauhaus style furniture from the interwar period presents a review of the best Polish furniture designs from the 1920s and 1930s. In spite of the inspirations with historicism popular in the interwar period and the references to folk culture (e.g., the "Ład" Artists' Cooperative), Polish designers also drew inspiration from the works of the following artists: Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer, Mies van der Rohe and Mart Stam, who designed avant-garde furniture made of metal pipes. The paper presents little known works of Polish artists from the groups "Praesens", "Atelier wnętrz i architektury" (The Atelier of Interiors and Architecture), "Studium wnętrz i sprzętu" (Studio of Interiors and Equipment), as well as furniture designs referring to the Bauhaus style for private and public interiors (including designs for transatlantics or the President's Castle in Wisła), among others, manufactured by the Thonet-Mundus company. The paper continues the series devoted to the "Classics of Polish Design", presenting the results of research on Polish furniture, carried out within the framework of dissertations in the Department of Wood Technology in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW).
波兰设计经典。波兰前卫的包豪斯风格的家具从两次世界大战之间的时期呈现了最好的波兰家具设计从20世纪20年代和30年代的回顾。除了受到两次世界大战期间流行的历史主义和民间文化的启发(例如“Ład”艺术家合作社)之外，波兰设计师还从以下艺术家的作品中汲取灵感:勒·柯布西耶、马塞尔·布鲁耶、密斯·凡·德罗和玛特·斯塔姆，他们设计了由金属管制成的前卫家具。本文介绍了来自“Praesens”，“Atelier wnętrz i architekarchitecture”(室内和建筑工作室)，“Studium wnętrz i sprzętu”(室内和设备工作室)的波兰艺术家的鲜为人知的作品，以及指私人和公共室内包豪斯风格的家具设计(包括跨大西洋或总统城堡的设计Wisła)，等等，由Thonet-Mundus公司制造。该论文延续了“波兰设计经典”系列，展示了华沙生命科学大学(SGGW)木材技术系在论文框架内进行的波兰家具研究成果。
{"title":"Classics of Polish Design. Polish avant-garde Bauhaus style furniture from the interwar period","authors":"A. Różańska, Karolina Bodych","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.8689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8689","url":null,"abstract":"Classics of Polish Design. Polish avant-garde Bauhaus style furniture from the interwar period presents a review of the best Polish furniture designs from the 1920s and 1930s. In spite of the inspirations with historicism popular in the interwar period and the references to folk culture (e.g., the \"Ład\" Artists' Cooperative), Polish designers also drew inspiration from the works of the following artists: Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer, Mies van der Rohe and Mart Stam, who designed avant-garde furniture made of metal pipes. The paper presents little known works of Polish artists from the groups \"Praesens\", \"Atelier wnętrz i architektury\" (The Atelier of Interiors and Architecture), \"Studium wnętrz i sprzętu\" (Studio of Interiors and Equipment), as well as furniture designs referring to the Bauhaus style for private and public interiors (including designs for transatlantics or the President's Castle in Wisła), among others, manufactured by the Thonet-Mundus company. The paper continues the series devoted to the \"Classics of Polish Design\", presenting the results of research on Polish furniture, carried out within the framework of dissertations in the Department of Wood Technology in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW).\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80755272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6879
G. Kowaluk, Aleksandra Jeżo
Compression strength-focused properties of wood composites induced by structure. The aim of the following study was to examine the contractual compression strength and modulus of elasticity when compressing (MOEC) of three different wood composites with various structure types: softwood (coniferous) plywood, OSB and laminated particleboard 24 mm thick. The biggest MOEC value was performed by the particleboard laminated 24 mm MOEC equalling 70.00 N/mm2. The second was found by the OSB panels, equalling 63.03 N/mm2. Last, but with MOEC value close to OSB, was softwood plywood with MOEC of 62.44 N/mm2. The lowest compression strength was observed by OSB samples, with a value of 2.75 N/mm2. The second lowest value has been performed by coniferous plywood (2.80 N/mm2). The highest compression strength occurred by the particleboard laminated 24 mm, equalling 3.31 N/mm2. Density shares and density profiles of the samples were also analysed, all of the examined composites performed U-shaped density profile The results of the study showed that there is no significant correlation between density and obtained parameters under compression. Observation of density share let the Authors conclude conversely than the results showed. It is supposed that the key factor affecting the compression performance of samples was the adhesive area and solid glue content within the composites. It is assumed that the bigger total contact surface of wood particles coated with adhesive resin, so the sum of the effective (gluing particles) surfaces of the adhesive joint is the better mechanical properties can be performed. This is why the laminated particleboard gave the best mechanical properties, while the worst were observed by the softwood plywood.
木结构复合材料抗压强度聚焦性能研究。以下研究的目的是检查三种不同结构类型的木材复合材料的压缩压缩强度和弹性模量(MOEC):软木(针叶)胶合板，OSB和24毫米厚的层压刨花板。刨花板层压的24 mm MOEC值最大，为70.00 N/mm2。第二个是由OSB面板发现的，等于63.03 N/mm2。最后是MOEC值接近OSB的软木胶合板，MOEC值为62.44 N/mm2。OSB样品的抗压强度最低，为2.75 N/mm2。第二低值是针叶胶合板(2.80 N/mm2)。刨花板层压24mm时抗压强度最高，为3.31 N/mm2。分析了试样的密度份额和密度分布，所有检测的复合材料都表现为u型密度分布。研究结果表明，在压缩条件下，密度与得到的参数之间没有显著的相关性。对密度份额的观察使作者得出了与结果相反的结论。认为影响试样压缩性能的关键因素是复合材料的粘接面积和固体胶含量。假设涂覆胶合树脂的木颗粒的总接触面越大，则胶合接头的有效(胶合颗粒)面之和越好，则胶合接头的力学性能越好。这就是为什么层压刨花板的机械性能最好，而软木胶合板的机械性能最差。
{"title":"Compression strength-focused properties of wood composites induced by structure","authors":"G. Kowaluk, Aleksandra Jeżo","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6879","url":null,"abstract":"Compression strength-focused properties of wood composites induced by structure. The aim of the following study was to examine the contractual compression strength and modulus of elasticity when compressing (MOEC) of three different wood composites with various structure types: softwood (coniferous) plywood, OSB and laminated particleboard 24 mm thick. The biggest MOEC value was performed by the particleboard laminated 24 mm MOEC equalling 70.00 N/mm2. The second was found by the OSB panels, equalling 63.03 N/mm2. Last, but with MOEC value close to OSB, was softwood plywood with MOEC of 62.44 N/mm2. The lowest compression strength was observed by OSB samples, with a value of 2.75 N/mm2. The second lowest value has been performed by coniferous plywood (2.80 N/mm2). The highest compression strength occurred by the particleboard laminated 24 mm, equalling 3.31 N/mm2. Density shares and density profiles of the samples were also analysed, all of the examined composites performed U-shaped density profile The results of the study showed that there is no significant correlation between density and obtained parameters under compression. Observation of density share let the Authors conclude conversely than the results showed. It is supposed that the key factor affecting the compression performance of samples was the adhesive area and solid glue content within the composites. It is assumed that the bigger total contact surface of wood particles coated with adhesive resin, so the sum of the effective (gluing particles) surfaces of the adhesive joint is the better mechanical properties can be performed. This is why the laminated particleboard gave the best mechanical properties, while the worst were observed by the softwood plywood.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74585148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6640
P. Kozakiewicz, Marcin Dadon, M. Marchwicka
Investigation of selected properties of the black elder wood (Sambucus nigra L.). The work has defined the selected chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the black elder wood, such as content of non-structural substances, shrinkage and density, speed of sound propagation, dynamic modulus of elasticity, acoustic resistance and sound attenuation, modulus of elasticity, bending strength, compressive strength, Brinell hardness, cold and hot-water extractives content and pH of hot-water extract. The black elder wood is hard and moderately shrinking. Mechanical properties are reduced by going from the pith to the perimeter, which is most likely affected by the increasing twist of the fibres. The distance from the pith also affects the acoustic properties and the size of the shrinkage, while the density remains constant.
黑接骨木(Sambucus nigra L.)若干特性的研究。本工作确定了黑接骨木的选定化学、物理和机械性能，如非结构物质含量、收缩率和密度、声音传播速度、动态弹性模量、声学阻力和声学衰减、弹性模量、弯曲强度、抗压强度、布氏硬度、冷水和热水浸出物含量和热水浸出物pH值。黑接骨木坚硬，适度收缩。从髓到周长，机械性能会降低，这很可能受到纤维捻度增加的影响。在密度保持不变的情况下，距髓的距离也会影响材料的声学性能和收缩率。
{"title":"Investigation of selected properties of the black elder wood (Sambucus nigra L.)","authors":"P. Kozakiewicz, Marcin Dadon, M. Marchwicka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6640","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of selected properties of the black elder wood (Sambucus nigra L.). The work has defined the selected chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the black elder wood, such as content of non-structural substances, shrinkage and density, speed of sound propagation, dynamic modulus of elasticity, acoustic resistance and sound attenuation, modulus of elasticity, bending strength, compressive strength, Brinell hardness, cold and hot-water extractives content and pH of hot-water extract. The black elder wood is hard and moderately shrinking. Mechanical properties are reduced by going from the pith to the perimeter, which is most likely affected by the increasing twist of the fibres. The distance from the pith also affects the acoustic properties and the size of the shrinkage, while the density remains constant.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78090452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6636
M. Babicka, M. Woźniak, K. Szentner, S. Borysiak, K. Dwiecki, I. Ratajczak
The aim of this study was to compare parameters of nanocellulose obtained by two different procedures: hydrolysis with ionic liquids (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) and hydrolysis with ionic liquids in combination with hydrolysis using a cellulolytic enzyme from Trichoderma reesei. Avicel cellulose was treated with two ionic liquids: 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) and 1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc). In the two-step hydrolysis cellulose after treatment with ionic liquids was additionally hydrolyzed with a solution of enzymes. In order to characterize the obtained material, the following analyses were used: infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering. The results indicated that cellulose obtained by two-step nanocellulose production methods (first hydrolysis with ionic liquids and then with enzymes) showed similar parameters (particle size, XRD patterns and degree of crystallinity) as the material after the one-step process, i.e. hydrolysis with ionic liquids.
{"title":"Preparation of nanocellulose by hydrolysis with ionic liquids and two-step \u0000hydrolysis with ionic liquids and enzymes","authors":"M. Babicka, M. Woźniak, K. Szentner, S. Borysiak, K. Dwiecki, I. Ratajczak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6636","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to compare parameters of nanocellulose obtained by two different procedures:\u0000hydrolysis with ionic liquids (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) and \u0000hydrolysis with ionic liquids in combination with hydrolysis using a cellulolytic enzyme from Trichoderma reesei.\u0000Avicel cellulose was treated with two ionic liquids: 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) and 1-ethyl 3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc). In the two-step hydrolysis cellulose after treatment with ionic liquids \u0000was additionally hydrolyzed with a solution of enzymes. In order to characterize the obtained material, the \u0000following analyses were used: infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering. The results \u0000indicated that cellulose obtained by two-step nanocellulose production methods (first hydrolysis with ionic liquids \u0000and then with enzymes) showed similar parameters (particle size, XRD patterns and degree of crystallinity) as the \u0000material after the one-step process, i.e. hydrolysis with ionic liquids.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"207 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6637
Bartłomiej Grzegorzewski, P. Król
Measurement of tool wear using a non-contact method, using a laser measuring system. This article examined the tools - straight cutters with a contactless method using a laser sensor. The first aspect of the research was to determine the influence of the spindle rotational speed on the accuracy of laser measurement. The second aspect of the research was to establish the correlation between the diameter of the tool measured with a laser micrometer and the wear of the tool measured with the microscope. A good (R2> 0.8) Pearson's correlation was found between the measured tool diameter and it’s wear.
{"title":"Measurement of tool wear using a non-contact method, using a laser \u0000measuring system","authors":"Bartłomiej Grzegorzewski, P. Król","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6637","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of tool wear using a non-contact method, using a laser measuring system. This article \u0000examined the tools - straight cutters with a contactless method using a laser sensor. The first aspect of the \u0000research was to determine the influence of the spindle rotational speed on the accuracy of laser measurement. \u0000The second aspect of the research was to establish the correlation between the diameter of the tool measured \u0000with a laser micrometer and the wear of the tool measured with the microscope. A good (R2> 0.8) Pearson's \u0000correlation was found between the measured tool diameter and it’s wear.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8020,"journal":{"name":"Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82336762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：