A prospectus is herein set forth for a federal center of applied mathematics, to be operated as a division of the National Bureau of Standards of the Department of Commerce. The center is to be known as the National Applied Mathematics Laboratories. It will specialize in numerical and statistical analysis, and will undertake to offer various services in these fields, and carry on a broad program of research and training. Particular emphasis will be placed on the development of high-speed automatic computing machinery and the mathematical theory needed for its effective use. (1947)
{"title":"The National Applied Mathematics Laboratories-A Prospectus","authors":"J. H. Curtis","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1989.10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1989.10008","url":null,"abstract":"A prospectus is herein set forth for a federal center of applied mathematics, to be operated as a division of the National Bureau of Standards of the Department of Commerce. The center is to be known as the National Applied Mathematics Laboratories. It will specialize in numerical and statistical analysis, and will undertake to offer various services in these fields, and carry on a broad program of research and training. Particular emphasis will be placed on the development of high-speed automatic computing machinery and the mathematical theory needed for its effective use. (1947)","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"8 1","pages":"13-18, 20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MAHC.1989.10008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62441218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Happenings department reports on events-past, present, and future-that are of particular interest to the history of computing. Of primary importance are recent meetings that are of historical significance. Few meetings concentrate so/e/y on history, but many contain sessions that can be recorded in this department. Organizers of historical sessions and meetings are urged to appoint a person with the specific responsibility of writing a report and submitting it to this department. They are further encouraged to tape-record sessions and to create a photographic record that can be deposited with one of the computer archival establishments, such as the Charles Babbage Institute, the Computer Museum, or the Smithsonian Institution. Conference planners are specifically referred to Appendix B, Conference Organization, in " History of Programming Languages " [i?ichard L. Wexelblat description of the preliminary steps that may be taken to obtain and record historical materials presented in a conference setting. This department will also present news and notices of forthcoming activities that are of historical value. These may include conferences, exhibits, projects, awards, publications, and general memorabilia. Contributions should consist of a brief description of the activity, highlighting its specific relevance. Finally, this department will contain citations of prominent dates in the history of computing. Readers are welcome to submit suggestions. These must include the day, month, and year of the event, and should be accompanied by a statement of the source used for verification. Included in the displays were three items which were of historical significance. The University of Iowa prepared a small presentation on the contributions of John A display concerning the development of the Atanasoff-Berry computer by the University of Iowa at the 1989 ACM Computer Science Conference. Vincent Atanasoff to the field, including some of the reconstructed pieces of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) which were prepared for the Honeywell versus Sperry-Rand suit (see Annals, Vol. 6, No. 3). A second display consisted of parts of a UNIVAC I which had been located in a garage and which is believed to have been the first nongovernment (or first industrial) system delivered. The display included the main console, a UNITYPER, UNITAPE, and a delay line memory unit. Examining the records of UNIVAC I installations, prepared by Carl Hammer for the 1981 NCC Pioneer Day held in Chicago, this would appear to be system number 8 which was shipped to General Electric Corporation in Louisville in January 1954. Hammer lists …
事件部门报告过去、现在和未来的事件，这些事件与计算历史特别相关。最重要的是最近举行的具有历史意义的会议。很少有会议集中讨论历史，但许多会议都包含可以在本部门记录的会议。敦促历史会议的组织者指定专人专门负责撰写报告并提交本部门。他们还被进一步鼓励将会议录音，并制作一份照片记录，可以存放在计算机档案机构之一，如查尔斯巴贝奇研究所、计算机博物馆或史密森学会。会议策划者特别提到了附录B，会议组织，在“程序设计语言的历史”[i?richard L. weexelblat描述了在会议设置中可能采取的获取和记录历史材料的初步步骤。本署亦会就即将举行的具有历史价值的活动提供新闻及通告。这些活动可能包括会议、展览、计划、奖项、出版物和一般纪念品。投稿应包括对活动的简要描述，突出其具体的相关性。最后，这个部门将包含对计算机历史上重要日期的引用。欢迎读者提出建议。这些必须包括事件的日期、月份和年份，并应附有用于核实的来源声明。展览中包括三件具有历史意义的物品。爱荷华大学在1989年ACM计算机科学会议上准备了一份关于约翰·a的贡献的小报告，该报告是关于爱荷华大学开发阿塔纳索夫-贝里计算机的。文森特·阿塔纳索夫(Vincent Atanasoff)参观了现场，其中包括为霍尼韦尔(Honeywell)与斯佩里兰德(Sperry-Rand)诉讼准备的阿塔纳索夫-贝里计算机(ABC)的一些重建部件(见《年鉴》，第6卷，第3号)。第二次展示包括存放在车库中的UNIVAC I的部件，据信这是第一个非政府(或第一个工业)系统交付。显示器包括主控制台、UNITYPER、UNITAPE和延迟线存储器单元。检查由卡尔·哈默为1981年在芝加哥举行的NCC先锋日准备的UNIVAC I安装记录，这似乎是1954年1月运往路易斯维尔通用电气公司的8号系统。锤子列表……
{"title":"Happenings","authors":"R. Maulucci","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1989.10033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1989.10033","url":null,"abstract":"The Happenings department reports on events-past, present, and future-that are of particular interest to the history of computing. Of primary importance are recent meetings that are of historical significance. Few meetings concentrate so/e/y on history, but many contain sessions that can be recorded in this department. Organizers of historical sessions and meetings are urged to appoint a person with the specific responsibility of writing a report and submitting it to this department. They are further encouraged to tape-record sessions and to create a photographic record that can be deposited with one of the computer archival establishments, such as the Charles Babbage Institute, the Computer Museum, or the Smithsonian Institution. Conference planners are specifically referred to Appendix B, Conference Organization, in \" History of Programming Languages \" [i?ichard L. Wexelblat description of the preliminary steps that may be taken to obtain and record historical materials presented in a conference setting. This department will also present news and notices of forthcoming activities that are of historical value. These may include conferences, exhibits, projects, awards, publications, and general memorabilia. Contributions should consist of a brief description of the activity, highlighting its specific relevance. Finally, this department will contain citations of prominent dates in the history of computing. Readers are welcome to submit suggestions. These must include the day, month, and year of the event, and should be accompanied by a statement of the source used for verification. Included in the displays were three items which were of historical significance. The University of Iowa prepared a small presentation on the contributions of John A display concerning the development of the Atanasoff-Berry computer by the University of Iowa at the 1989 ACM Computer Science Conference. Vincent Atanasoff to the field, including some of the reconstructed pieces of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) which were prepared for the Honeywell versus Sperry-Rand suit (see Annals, Vol. 6, No. 3). A second display consisted of parts of a UNIVAC I which had been located in a garage and which is believed to have been the first nongovernment (or first industrial) system delivered. The display included the main console, a UNITYPER, UNITAPE, and a delay line memory unit. Examining the records of UNIVAC I installations, prepared by Carl Hammer for the 1981 NCC Pioneer Day held in Chicago, this would appear to be system number 8 which was shipped to General Electric Corporation in Louisville in January 1954. Hammer lists …","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"8 1","pages":"203-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75432842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essays in this collection are selected and revised from presentations at an international symposium, “The Computer and the Brain,” held in commemoration of John von Neumann at Arizona State University in spring 1987. The first four essays are devoted to von Neumann’s life. In addition, the collection contains correspondence between von Neumann and Ortvay. The final two essays assess von Neumann’s contribution to the development of the computer, and give a survey over trends in the field after von Neumann’s early death.
{"title":"The Computer and the Brain","authors":"J. Brink, Editor C Roland Haden","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv39x60j.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv39x60j.12","url":null,"abstract":"The essays in this collection are selected and revised from presentations at an international symposium, “The Computer and the Brain,” held in commemoration of John von Neumann at Arizona State University in spring 1987. The first four essays are devoted to von Neumann’s life. In addition, the collection contains correspondence between von Neumann and Ortvay. The final two essays assess von Neumann’s contribution to the development of the computer, and give a survey over trends in the field after von Neumann’s early death.","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"11 1","pages":"161-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68806494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An overall view of the history of electronic computing in France could be based on four major dates, each of them being a turning point for most of the organizations, companies, and people involved. Our history starts in 1947-1948. In 1947, the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) concluded a contract with the Logabax Company to build Couffignal’s machine, the first electronic digital calculator designed in France. In the winter of 1947-1948, Francois-H. Raymond created the SEA (Societe d’Electronique et d’Automatisme). Meanwhile at the University of Grenoble, Jean Kuntzmann started courses in applied analysis, and a computing bureau equipped with desk calculators was established. In 1948 the management of the Compagnie des Machines Bull decided to invest in electronics. We can also mention that the same year the “Compagnie Electra-Comptable” hired its 1,OOOth employee and changed its name to IBM France. and economic‘ events also had their “sociological” side: in 1955, France had only a few scattered computer specialists (H. Boucher recalled, in his article to appear in a later issue), that he used to collect documents on American and British machines, and to write programs for them, without having actually seen a computer!); two years later a professional group was thriving, with its associations (AFCAL, AFRA), its publicity machine, and its journals (Automatisme and Chifies).
对法国电子计算历史的总体看法可以基于四个主要日期，每一个日期都是大多数组织、公司和相关人员的转折点。我们的历史始于1947-1948年。1947年，法国国家科学研究中心(CNRS)与Logabax公司签订合同，建造Couffignal的机器，这是法国设计的第一台电子数字计算器。1947年至1948年的冬天，弗朗索瓦?Raymond创建了SEA (Societe d 'Electronique et d 'Automatisme)。与此同时，让·昆兹曼在格勒诺布尔大学开设了应用分析课程，并成立了一个配备台式计算器的计算部门。1948年，公牛机器公司的管理层决定投资电子产品。我们还可以提到，同一年，“Compagnie electric - comptable”雇佣了它的第1000名员工，并更名为IBM法国公司。经济事件也有其“社会学”的一面:1955年，法国只有几个分散的计算机专家(H. Boucher在他后来发表的一篇文章中回忆说)，他过去常常收集美国和英国机器的文件，并为它们编写程序，而没有真正见过计算机!);两年后，一个专业团体蓬勃发展，拥有自己的协会(AFCAL、AFRA)、宣传机构和期刊(Automatisme和chices)。
{"title":"History of Computing in France","authors":"Pierre, E. MOUNIER-KUHN","doi":"10.1109/mahc.1989.10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1989.10042","url":null,"abstract":"An overall view of the history of electronic computing in France could be based on four major dates, each of them being a turning point for most of the organizations, companies, and people involved. Our history starts in 1947-1948. In 1947, the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) concluded a contract with the Logabax Company to build Couffignal’s machine, the first electronic digital calculator designed in France. In the winter of 1947-1948, Francois-H. Raymond created the SEA (Societe d’Electronique et d’Automatisme). Meanwhile at the University of Grenoble, Jean Kuntzmann started courses in applied analysis, and a computing bureau equipped with desk calculators was established. In 1948 the management of the Compagnie des Machines Bull decided to invest in electronics. We can also mention that the same year the “Compagnie Electra-Comptable” hired its 1,OOOth employee and changed its name to IBM France. and economic‘ events also had their “sociological” side: in 1955, France had only a few scattered computer specialists (H. Boucher recalled, in his article to appear in a later issue), that he used to collect documents on American and British machines, and to write programs for them, without having actually seen a computer!); two years later a professional group was thriving, with its associations (AFCAL, AFRA), its publicity machine, and its journals (Automatisme and Chifies).","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"11 1","pages":"237-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/mahc.1989.10042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62441859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This department attempts to help people think about the history of computing in new ways, through the mechanism of questions, with answers on a separate page - thus permitting the reader to do self-testing. The answers list source material for further self-study on topics relating to the questions. Occasionally some questions will be used that have either no answers or controversial answers.
{"title":"Self-Study Questions & Answers","authors":"J. Sammet","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1987.10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1987.10008","url":null,"abstract":"This department attempts to help people think about the history of computing in new ways, through the mechanism of questions, with answers on a separate page - thus permitting the reader to do self-testing. The answers list source material for further self-study on topics relating to the questions. Occasionally some questions will be used that have either no answers or controversial answers.","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"5 1","pages":"407-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MAHC.1987.10008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62440550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the relation ship between two disciplines: electrical engineering and computer science, over the past 40 years. The author argues that it was the technology of electronics - the exploitation of the properties of free electrons - that finally permitted Babbage's concepts of automatic computing machines to be practically realized. Electrical Engineering (EE) activities thus "took over" and dominated the work of those involved with computing. Once that had been done (around the mid-1950s), the reverse takeover happened: the science of computing then "took over" the discipline of EE, in the sense that its theory of digital switches and separation of hardware and software offered EE a guide to designing and building ever more complex circuits.
{"title":"Electronics Technology and Computer Science, 1940-1975: A Coevolution","authors":"P. Ceruzzi","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1988.10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the relation ship between two disciplines: electrical engineering and computer science, over the past 40 years. The author argues that it was the technology of electronics - the exploitation of the properties of free electrons - that finally permitted Babbage's concepts of automatic computing machines to be practically realized. Electrical Engineering (EE) activities thus \"took over\" and dominated the work of those involved with computing. Once that had been done (around the mid-1950s), the reverse takeover happened: the science of computing then \"took over\" the discipline of EE, in the sense that its theory of digital switches and separation of hardware and software offered EE a guide to designing and building ever more complex circuits.","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"10 1","pages":"257-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62441097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer architecture concentrates on the logical aspects of computer design as opposed to the physical or electronic aspects. The underlying logical design of most modern computers is still based on that of the earliest electronic computers despite decades of progress in electronic circuitry. the innovations that have occurred in computer architecture have been driven by two different goals: higher performance and lower cost. Performance driven improvements have yielded computer systems with increasingly higher computation speeds and throughput. Cost driven improvements have yielded systems that are easier to use and applicable to a broader range of automatic control problems. Improvements in electronic circuitry have not led directly to architectural innovations; computers that pioneered new circuit technologies usually relied on older architectural concepts.
{"title":"A Historical Overview of Computer Architecture","authors":"Richard E. Smith","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1988.10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10039","url":null,"abstract":"Computer architecture concentrates on the logical aspects of computer design as opposed to the physical or electronic aspects. The underlying logical design of most modern computers is still based on that of the earliest electronic computers despite decades of progress in electronic circuitry. the innovations that have occurred in computer architecture have been driven by two different goals: higher performance and lower cost. Performance driven improvements have yielded computer systems with increasingly higher computation speeds and throughput. Cost driven improvements have yielded systems that are easier to use and applicable to a broader range of automatic control problems. Improvements in electronic circuitry have not led directly to architectural innovations; computers that pioneered new circuit technologies usually relied on older architectural concepts.","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"31 1","pages":"277-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62441105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a new section for the Annals. The Editors-in-Chief have decided to include it in this particular anniversary issue because it provides, in one place, a description of the activities of many of the major museums and archives that are actively concerned with the history of computing. No pretense to completeness is being made. Indeed there are several institutions that deserve space here, but have been left out for a number of different practical reasons. I have, with assistance, managed to obtain information from nine of the largest institutions in America, Britain, and Europe. I welcome future submissions from other organizations and will attempt to provide “update” information from time to time on the ones that are currently planning to open new exhibits or are acquiring new and significant artifacts, manuscripts, or records. The major museums and archives often engage in a number of different activities and the designation of “museum” or “archive” is sometimes blurred. For example, the IEEE Center for the History of Electrical Engineering, while primarily an archive, prepares traveling exhibits; the National Museum of American History, primarily a museum, has a large archive which not only consists of traditional papers but also contains the many oral histories collected by the AFIPS Computer History Project in the 1960s and 1970s. We hope to be able to provide more in-depth accounts of these “sideline” aspects of our major institutions in some future issues.
{"title":"Museums and Archives","authors":"Michael R. Williams","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1988.10040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10040","url":null,"abstract":"This is a new section for the Annals. The Editors-in-Chief have decided to include it in this particular anniversary issue because it provides, in one place, a description of the activities of many of the major museums and archives that are actively concerned with the history of computing. No pretense to completeness is being made. Indeed there are several institutions that deserve space here, but have been left out for a number of different practical reasons. I have, with assistance, managed to obtain information from nine of the largest institutions in America, Britain, and Europe. I welcome future submissions from other organizations and will attempt to provide “update” information from time to time on the ones that are currently planning to open new exhibits or are acquiring new and significant artifacts, manuscripts, or records. The major museums and archives often engage in a number of different activities and the designation of “museum” or “archive” is sometimes blurred. For example, the IEEE Center for the History of Electrical Engineering, while primarily an archive, prepares traveling exhibits; the National Museum of American History, primarily a museum, has a large archive which not only consists of traditional papers but also contains the many oral histories collected by the AFIPS Computer History Project in the 1960s and 1970s. We hope to be able to provide more in-depth accounts of these “sideline” aspects of our major institutions in some future issues.","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"32 1","pages":"305-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62441114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1827 Charles Babbage published his Table of Logarithms of the Natural Numbers, from 1 to 108,000. His logarithms were generally considered to be the most accurate in his day and were reprinted on numerous occasions, well into the 20th century. This paper describes Babbage's motivation for producing the tables, and the measures taken to ensure their accuracy. An assessment is given of Babbage's contribution to the art of table making.
{"title":"Charles Babbage's Table of Logarithms (1827)","authors":"M. Campbell-Kelly","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1988.10023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10023","url":null,"abstract":"In 1827 Charles Babbage published his Table of Logarithms of the Natural Numbers, from 1 to 108,000. His logarithms were generally considered to be the most accurate in his day and were reprinted on numerous occasions, well into the 20th century. This paper describes Babbage's motivation for producing the tables, and the measures taken to ensure their accuracy. An assessment is given of Babbage's contribution to the art of table making.","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"10 1","pages":"159-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62441058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because Howard H. Aiken expressed such an admiration for the ideas of Charles Babbage, the machine he conceived - brought into being through the engineering talents of IBM (the Mark I or ASCC) - is often cited as an example of Babbage's dream come true. This article explores the depth and extent of Aiken's knowledge of Babbage's ideas, the stage of his own thinking when he first encountered Babbage's writings, and the way in which he found out about Babbage.
{"title":"Babbage and Aiken","authors":"I. Cohen, C. Babbage, H. Aiken","doi":"10.1109/MAHC.1988.10029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10029","url":null,"abstract":"Because Howard H. Aiken expressed such an admiration for the ideas of Charles Babbage, the machine he conceived - brought into being through the engineering talents of IBM (the Mark I or ASCC) - is often cited as an example of Babbage's dream come true. This article explores the depth and extent of Aiken's knowledge of Babbage's ideas, the stage of his own thinking when he first encountered Babbage's writings, and the way in which he found out about Babbage.","PeriodicalId":80486,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the history of computing","volume":"10 1","pages":"171-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/MAHC.1988.10029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62441067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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