Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102406
Edwin T. Mombeshora, Edigar Muchuweni, Alexander J. Doolin, Matthew L. Davies, Bice S. Martincigh, Vincent O. Nyamori
Renewable materials should be appraised for advancing the sustainability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In particular, emerging applications of biologically-derived materials (biomaterials) in PSCs have tremendous potential in enhancing charge transport, device performance, flexibility, long-term stability, sustainability, and circularity strategies. This review discusses the current status and identifies new research directions for biomaterials as either substitutes or composite constituents with other functional materials in charge transport layers and as solvent systems for PSCs. The current understanding of the effect of cellulose on power conversion efficiency (PCE), shape, and long-term stability of PSCs is discussed in terms of surface roughness, wettability, optical properties, defect concentration, and flexibility. Flexible PSCs that utilise biomaterials are advantageous for transportation and widespread implementation, but suffer several other possible adverse effects that lower the PCE due to decreased electron mobility from increased charge traps during bending cycles. Biomaterials have considerable scope in defect passivation, boosting PCE, and long-term stability of PSCs when applied in charge transport layers, particularly as interfacial layers between the electron transport layer and active materials.
{"title":"The prospects of biologically derived materials in perovskite solar cells","authors":"Edwin T. Mombeshora, Edigar Muchuweni, Alexander J. Doolin, Matthew L. Davies, Bice S. Martincigh, Vincent O. Nyamori","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102406","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable materials should be appraised for advancing the sustainability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In particular, emerging applications of biologically-derived materials (biomaterials) in PSCs have tremendous potential in enhancing charge transport, device performance, flexibility, long-term stability, sustainability, and circularity strategies. This review discusses the current status and identifies new research directions for biomaterials as either substitutes or composite constituents with other functional materials in charge transport layers and as solvent systems for PSCs. The current understanding of the effect of cellulose on power conversion efficiency (PCE), shape, and long-term stability of PSCs is discussed in terms of surface roughness, wettability, optical properties, defect concentration, and flexibility. Flexible PSCs that utilise biomaterials are advantageous for transportation and widespread implementation, but suffer several other possible adverse effects that lower the PCE due to decreased electron mobility from increased charge traps during bending cycles. Biomaterials have considerable scope in defect passivation, boosting PCE, and long-term stability of PSCs when applied in charge transport layers, particularly as interfacial layers between the electron transport layer and active materials.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102412
Zhiyong Ji, Chunlei Qiu
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) usually exhibit high strengths at ambient and low temperatures but rapidly degraded tensile properties with increased temperature. In this study, a high-strength HEA, (CoCrNi)(TiAl), is selected and subjected to laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and ageing treatment. The microstructural evolution and mechanical property development of the material over a wide range of temperatures are thoroughly investigated. It is found that the as-printed microstructure is dominated by numerous ultrafine cellular structures (∼1 μm) with cell boundaries decorated by AlO nanoparticles, leading to high 0.2% yield strength (YS = 725∼750 MPa) and excellent elongation (>28%) at room temperature. The cellular structures remain up to 700 °C but disappear at or above 800 °C. Ageing at or above 600 °C leads to significant γ′ precipitation with the particle size increasing constantly with increased temperature. The samples containing both cellular structures and coarsened γ′ precipitates (aged at 700 °C) exhibit the highest YS (∼1227 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS∼1539 MPa) at room temperature and display unprecedented YS at high temperatures, i.e., 949 MPa at 600 °C and 728 MPa at 700 °C, respectively. The exceptional tensile strengths are mainly due to the γ′ precipitates and cell boundaries decorated by AlO nanoparticles which may have acted as strong barriers for dislocation motion. At room temperature, the sample deforms mainly by dislocation slip and formation of stacking faults while at elevated temperatures, deformation becomes increasingly planar as characterized by the formation of increased number of stacking faults and the activation of twinning.
{"title":"Achieving superior high-temperature strength in an additively manufactured high-entropy alloy by controlled heat treatment","authors":"Zhiyong Ji, Chunlei Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102412","url":null,"abstract":"High-entropy alloys (HEAs) usually exhibit high strengths at ambient and low temperatures but rapidly degraded tensile properties with increased temperature. In this study, a high-strength HEA, (CoCrNi)(TiAl), is selected and subjected to laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and ageing treatment. The microstructural evolution and mechanical property development of the material over a wide range of temperatures are thoroughly investigated. It is found that the as-printed microstructure is dominated by numerous ultrafine cellular structures (∼1 μm) with cell boundaries decorated by AlO nanoparticles, leading to high 0.2% yield strength (YS = 725∼750 MPa) and excellent elongation (>28%) at room temperature. The cellular structures remain up to 700 °C but disappear at or above 800 °C. Ageing at or above 600 °C leads to significant γ′ precipitation with the particle size increasing constantly with increased temperature. The samples containing both cellular structures and coarsened γ′ precipitates (aged at 700 °C) exhibit the highest YS (∼1227 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS∼1539 MPa) at room temperature and display unprecedented YS at high temperatures, i.e., 949 MPa at 600 °C and 728 MPa at 700 °C, respectively. The exceptional tensile strengths are mainly due to the γ′ precipitates and cell boundaries decorated by AlO nanoparticles which may have acted as strong barriers for dislocation motion. At room temperature, the sample deforms mainly by dislocation slip and formation of stacking faults while at elevated temperatures, deformation becomes increasingly planar as characterized by the formation of increased number of stacking faults and the activation of twinning.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102405
Mohit Kumar, Jinchan Lee, Hyungtak Seo
The electric field-driven insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) offers a promising platform for developing controllable, futuristic neuromorphic nanoelectronics. However, the volatile nature of IMT, typically stimulated by a specific threshold voltage, limits its potential use primarily to switch-like applications. To broaden its applications, including in-material data processing, achieving on-demand IMT activation with dynamic memory capability is essential. This study demonstrates on-demand modulation of IMT behavior using spatially confined VO nanochannels, designed by local probe lithography. This approach enables the integration of ultrafast (∼180 ns) volatile switches (on/off ratio >10) and memory storage, from short- to long-term, in a single device. Notably, the threshold voltage was effectively reduced from 5.6 V to 2.8 V by precisely modulating the width of spatially embedded VO nanochannels. The observed memory behavior is attributed to persistent metallic domains and preferential IMT along these channels, as confirmed by optical and Kelvin probe force microscopy. Furthermore, the ability to classify input patterns, even in the presence of noise, was demonstrated using interconnected coplanar nanochannels by leveraging the short-term memory characteristics of the IMT. This report marks a significant step towards on-demand nanoscale manipulation of the IMT dynamics, laying the groundwork for ultrasmall, high-speed, and energy-efficient conventional and neuromorphic nanoelectronics.
电场驱动的绝缘体到金属转变（IMT）为开发可控的未来神经形态纳米电子学提供了一个前景广阔的平台。然而，IMT 通常受特定阈值电压的刺激，其不稳定性限制了其主要用于开关类应用的潜力。为了扩大其应用范围，包括材料内数据处理，实现具有动态记忆能力的按需 IMT 激活至关重要。这项研究展示了利用局部探针光刻技术设计的空间约束 VO 纳米通道按需调制 IMT 行为。这种方法实现了在单个器件中集成超快（∼180 ns）易失开关（开/关比率大于 10）和内存存储（从短期到长期）。值得注意的是，通过精确调节空间嵌入式 VO 纳米通道的宽度，阈值电压从 5.6 V 有效降至 2.8 V。光学显微镜和开尔文探针力显微镜证实，观察到的记忆行为归因于沿这些通道的持久金属畴和优先 IMT。此外，通过利用 IMT 的短期记忆特性，利用相互连接的共面纳米通道，即使在存在噪声的情况下，也能对输入模式进行分类。该报告标志着在按需纳米级操纵 IMT 动态方面迈出了重要一步，为超小型、高速、高能效的传统和神经形态纳米电子学奠定了基础。
{"title":"Tunable sub-threshold current firing via insulator-to-metal transition enabled by lithographic nanochannels for neuromorphic applications","authors":"Mohit Kumar, Jinchan Lee, Hyungtak Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102405","url":null,"abstract":"The electric field-driven insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) offers a promising platform for developing controllable, futuristic neuromorphic nanoelectronics. However, the volatile nature of IMT, typically stimulated by a specific threshold voltage, limits its potential use primarily to switch-like applications. To broaden its applications, including in-material data processing, achieving on-demand IMT activation with dynamic memory capability is essential. This study demonstrates on-demand modulation of IMT behavior using spatially confined VO nanochannels, designed by local probe lithography. This approach enables the integration of ultrafast (∼180 ns) volatile switches (on/off ratio >10) and memory storage, from short- to long-term, in a single device. Notably, the threshold voltage was effectively reduced from 5.6 V to 2.8 V by precisely modulating the width of spatially embedded VO nanochannels. The observed memory behavior is attributed to persistent metallic domains and preferential IMT along these channels, as confirmed by optical and Kelvin probe force microscopy. Furthermore, the ability to classify input patterns, even in the presence of noise, was demonstrated using interconnected coplanar nanochannels by leveraging the short-term memory characteristics of the IMT. This report marks a significant step towards on-demand nanoscale manipulation of the IMT dynamics, laying the groundwork for ultrasmall, high-speed, and energy-efficient conventional and neuromorphic nanoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102410
Liang Ming, Lin Li, Chaochao Wei, Chen Liu, Ziling Jiang, Siwu Li, Zhongkai Wu, Qiyue Luo, Yi Wang, Long Zhang, Xia Chen, Shijie Cheng, Chuang Yu
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. However, several key aspects especially superionic solid electrolytes (SEs) and carefully designed electrode configurations still remain a challenge for the development of high performance ASSBs. Herein, a halogen-rich lithium argyrodite, LiPSClBr (LPSCB) with optimized synthesis condition is successfully prepared. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction illustrate that annealing temperature affects Li-ion dynamics, which guides the formation of LPSCB with a high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 10.7 mS cm. Furthermore, LiNiCoMnO with ZrO dual-functional coating layer (ZrO@NCM) was introduced as cathode active materials (CAMs) to guarantee high-energy-density composite cathode. Correspondingly, a better understanding of the optimization of composite cathode design based on the superionic LPSCB is well elucidated and fast ion/electron transport is achieved by revealing the effect of different CAM fractions in the cathodes on the rate and cycling performance. Specifically, ASSBs with 60 wt.% and 80 wt.% CAM deliver high discharge capacity of 1.1 and 1.95 mAh cm at −20 °C and 60 °C, with corresponding capacity retention of 86.4 % and 69.7 % after 100 and 150 cycles, respectively. This work demonstrates the necessity of customizing CAM fractions depending on the desired applications of ASSBs, and provides an effective cathode modification strategy toward the development of sulfide-based ASSBs with excellent electrochemical performance.
全固态电池（ASSB）是下一代储能设备的理想候选材料。然而，几个关键方面，特别是超离子固体电解质（SE）和精心设计的电极配置，仍然是开发高性能全固态电池的挑战。在此，我们成功制备了一种富含卤素的锂箭石--LiPSClBr（LPSCB），并优化了合成条件。电化学阻抗谱和 X 射线衍射表明，退火温度会影响锂离子动力学，从而引导形成室温离子电导率高达 10.7 mS cm 的 LPSCB。此外，还引入了带有氧化锆双功能涂层（ZrO@NCM）的镍钴锰酸锂作为阴极活性材料（CAMs），以保证高能量密度的复合阴极。相应地，通过揭示阴极中不同 CAM 分数对速率和循环性能的影响，更好地理解了基于超离子 LPSCB 的复合阴极的优化设计，并实现了离子/电子的快速传输。具体来说，含有 60% 和 80% CAM 的 ASSB 在 -20 °C 和 60 °C 条件下可提供 1.1 和 1.95 mAh cm 的高放电容量，100 和 150 个循环后的相应容量保持率分别为 86.4% 和 69.7%。这项工作证明了根据 ASSB 的预期应用定制 CAM 分数的必要性，并为开发具有优异电化学性能的硫化物基 ASSB 提供了一种有效的阴极改性策略。
{"title":"Superionic lithium argyrodite-type sulfide electrolyte with optimized composite cathode fabrication enabling stable All-Solid-State Batteries","authors":"Liang Ming, Lin Li, Chaochao Wei, Chen Liu, Ziling Jiang, Siwu Li, Zhongkai Wu, Qiyue Luo, Yi Wang, Long Zhang, Xia Chen, Shijie Cheng, Chuang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102410","url":null,"abstract":"All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices. However, several key aspects especially superionic solid electrolytes (SEs) and carefully designed electrode configurations still remain a challenge for the development of high performance ASSBs. Herein, a halogen-rich lithium argyrodite, LiPSClBr (LPSCB) with optimized synthesis condition is successfully prepared. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction illustrate that annealing temperature affects Li-ion dynamics, which guides the formation of LPSCB with a high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 10.7 mS cm. Furthermore, LiNiCoMnO with ZrO dual-functional coating layer (ZrO@NCM) was introduced as cathode active materials (CAMs) to guarantee high-energy-density composite cathode. Correspondingly, a better understanding of the optimization of composite cathode design based on the superionic LPSCB is well elucidated and fast ion/electron transport is achieved by revealing the effect of different CAM fractions in the cathodes on the rate and cycling performance. Specifically, ASSBs with 60 wt.% and 80 wt.% CAM deliver high discharge capacity of 1.1 and 1.95 mAh cm at −20 °C and 60 °C, with corresponding capacity retention of 86.4 % and 69.7 % after 100 and 150 cycles, respectively. This work demonstrates the necessity of customizing CAM fractions depending on the desired applications of ASSBs, and provides an effective cathode modification strategy toward the development of sulfide-based ASSBs with excellent electrochemical performance.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102408
Fanny Hanon, Eric Michel Gaigneaux
Glidarc plasma (GP) is a promising method for preparing heterogeneous catalysts due to its mild conditions and short processing time. This technique has been used to synthesize various catalysts like FeOx and MnOx. Adding a post-discharge (PD) step during synthesis has been shown to impart valuable new properties, such as phase transformation, increased specific surface area, and enhanced catalytic activity. Knowing that the PD step mostly impacts the plasma-synthesized solids maturation and can be accelerated if heat is introduced into the system, we now contemplate the possibility of accelerating the GP catalysts synthesis by allowing the solution to be heated by the energy spontaneously provided by the plasma without the necessity to add a PD. To challenge this approach, we subjected FeSO and SnSO precursors to plasma exposure without employing the cooling system usually integrated in the GP set-up and compared the resulting solids with those obtained via conventional GP synthesis involving a PD step. The findings show that for iron precursors, the absence of cooling accelerates the formation of non-catalytically active phases and causes particle agglomeration, which is undesirable. However, for tin precursors, the absence of a cooling system introduces features that further improve the catalytic activity of the solids. Precisely, tin oxide phases developed better than other less-catalytically active ones without affecting the textural properties of the solid. This suggests that in some cases, eliminating the PD step can simplify the GP catalyst synthesis process and reduce its environmental and economic impact.
Glidarc 等离子体（GP）条件温和，处理时间短，是制备异相催化剂的一种很有前途的方法。这种技术已被用于合成各种催化剂，如氧化铁和氧化锰。研究表明，在合成过程中添加后放电（PD）步骤可赋予催化剂宝贵的新特性，如相变、比表面积增大和催化活性增强。我们知道，放电步骤主要影响等离子体合成的固体成熟，如果在系统中引入热量，则可加速固体成熟，因此我们现在考虑通过等离子体自发提供的能量加热溶液来加速 GP 催化剂合成的可能性，而无需添加放电步骤。为了挑战这种方法，我们在不使用通常集成在 GP 设置中的冷却系统的情况下，将 FeSO 和 SnSO 前体置于等离子体中，并将得到的固体与通过涉及 PD 步骤的传统 GP 合成得到的固体进行了比较。研究结果表明，对于铁前驱体而言，不进行冷却会加速非催化活性相的形成，并导致颗粒团聚，这是不可取的。然而，对于锡前驱体来说，不使用冷却系统会带来进一步提高固体催化活性的特征。确切地说，在不影响固体质地特性的情况下，氧化锡相比其他催化活性较低的相发展得更好。这表明，在某些情况下，取消 PD 步骤可以简化 GP 催化剂的合成过程，并减少其对环境和经济的影响。
{"title":"Improving the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts by gliding arc plasma using the “no-cooling system”","authors":"Fanny Hanon, Eric Michel Gaigneaux","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102408","url":null,"abstract":"Glidarc plasma (GP) is a promising method for preparing heterogeneous catalysts due to its mild conditions and short processing time. This technique has been used to synthesize various catalysts like FeOx and MnOx. Adding a post-discharge (PD) step during synthesis has been shown to impart valuable new properties, such as phase transformation, increased specific surface area, and enhanced catalytic activity. Knowing that the PD step mostly impacts the plasma-synthesized solids maturation and can be accelerated if heat is introduced into the system, we now contemplate the possibility of accelerating the GP catalysts synthesis by allowing the solution to be heated by the energy spontaneously provided by the plasma without the necessity to add a PD. To challenge this approach, we subjected FeSO and SnSO precursors to plasma exposure without employing the cooling system usually integrated in the GP set-up and compared the resulting solids with those obtained via conventional GP synthesis involving a PD step. The findings show that for iron precursors, the absence of cooling accelerates the formation of non-catalytically active phases and causes particle agglomeration, which is undesirable. However, for tin precursors, the absence of a cooling system introduces features that further improve the catalytic activity of the solids. Precisely, tin oxide phases developed better than other less-catalytically active ones without affecting the textural properties of the solid. This suggests that in some cases, eliminating the PD step can simplify the GP catalyst synthesis process and reduce its environmental and economic impact.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102395
Minmin Shao, Juliana Rodrigues, Inês Sousa-Oliveira, Madineh Moradialvand, Parisa Asadollahi, Francisco Veiga, Huma Hameed, Niraj Kumar Jha, Mika Sillanpää, Gautam Sethi, Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos, Pooyan Makvandi
The prevalence of cancer on a global scale has necessitated the development of various therapeutic approaches. However, the effectiveness and safety of existing methods often face some limitations. Nanotechnology has emerged as a solution, enabling the design of nanosystems that can effectively deliver drugs. These nanosystems address challenges such as low drug stability and solubility, as well as the lack of tumor targetability. While nanomaterials offer advantages, certain nanoparticles have their own limitations, which has prompted researchers to explore innovative drug delivery systems. One promising avenue is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are natural nanoparticles secreted by cells. EVs possess biocompatibility, stability, and targeting capabilities, making them ideal candidates for drug carriers. However, challenges still remain in this field. These include limited production yield, complexity, inefficient cargo loading, and controlled release of drugs. To overcome these challenges, researchers have been employing engineering techniques to modify the structures of EVs, enhancing their intrinsic properties. Surface modification and hybrid systems that combine EVs with other structures have shown potential in addressing these limitations. This review focuses on the landscape of EVs and their crucial role in cancer therapeutics and diagnosis. It begins by exploring the biological functions and properties of EVs. Additionally, the review introduces the strategies for isolating EVs, shedding light on the methodologies used to harvest these minute entities. Finally, the review highlights the biomedical applications of bioengineering techniques in cancer treatment.
{"title":"Revolutionizing cancer treatment via bioengineered extracellular vesicles: Exploring nanovesicles to fully synthetic solutions","authors":"Minmin Shao, Juliana Rodrigues, Inês Sousa-Oliveira, Madineh Moradialvand, Parisa Asadollahi, Francisco Veiga, Huma Hameed, Niraj Kumar Jha, Mika Sillanpää, Gautam Sethi, Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos, Pooyan Makvandi","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102395","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of cancer on a global scale has necessitated the development of various therapeutic approaches. However, the effectiveness and safety of existing methods often face some limitations. Nanotechnology has emerged as a solution, enabling the design of nanosystems that can effectively deliver drugs. These nanosystems address challenges such as low drug stability and solubility, as well as the lack of tumor targetability. While nanomaterials offer advantages, certain nanoparticles have their own limitations, which has prompted researchers to explore innovative drug delivery systems. One promising avenue is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are natural nanoparticles secreted by cells. EVs possess biocompatibility, stability, and targeting capabilities, making them ideal candidates for drug carriers. However, challenges still remain in this field. These include limited production yield, complexity, inefficient cargo loading, and controlled release of drugs. To overcome these challenges, researchers have been employing engineering techniques to modify the structures of EVs, enhancing their intrinsic properties. Surface modification and hybrid systems that combine EVs with other structures have shown potential in addressing these limitations. This review focuses on the landscape of EVs and their crucial role in cancer therapeutics and diagnosis. It begins by exploring the biological functions and properties of EVs. Additionally, the review introduces the strategies for isolating EVs, shedding light on the methodologies used to harvest these minute entities. Finally, the review highlights the biomedical applications of bioengineering techniques in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102402
Charlotte Hinnekens, Aranit Harizaj, Dominika Berdecka, Ilke Aernout, Molood Shariati, Stefanie Peeters, Eva Lion, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Bart Vandekerckhove, Kevin Braeckmans, Juan C. Fraire
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have made significant advancements in the field of adoptive immune cell therapies and the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the production and administration of these therapies. As a result, there has been interest in using natural killer (NK) cells to develop allogeneic CAR-NK cell therapies instead. While viral transduction is powerful for engineering T cells, NK cells have shown limited efficacy and high toxicity with this method. Therefore, efforts are being made to optimize non-viral transfection technologies for engineering NK cells. One such emerging technology is photoporation, which has demonstrated high efficiency and versatility for transfecting different immune cells. In this study, we evaluated the potential of nanoparticle-sensitized photoporation for genetic engineering of NK cells. Our findings show that both FD500 and eGFP mRNA can be successfully delivered into NK-92MI cells with high efficiency and low toxicity. When compared to state-of-the-art electroporation, photoporation proved to be more efficient, gentle, and capable of preserving the phenotype of NK-92MI cells. Overall, our work highlights the promising prospects of photoporation for NK cell engineering.
嵌合抗原受体（CAR）-T 细胞在采用免疫细胞疗法和治疗血液恶性肿瘤领域取得了重大进展。然而，这些疗法的生产和使用存在一些缺陷。因此，人们开始关注使用自然杀伤（NK）细胞来开发异体 CAR-NK 细胞疗法。虽然病毒转导对 T 细胞工程很有效，但 NK 细胞在这种方法中的疗效有限，而且毒性很高。因此，人们正在努力优化用于 NK 细胞工程的非病毒转染技术。其中一种新兴技术是光刻技术，它在转染不同的免疫细胞方面表现出高效率和多功能性。在这项研究中，我们评估了纳米粒子敏化光刻技术在 NK 细胞基因工程方面的潜力。我们的研究结果表明，FD500 和 eGFP mRNA 都能以高效、低毒的方式成功转染到 NK-92MI 细胞中。与最先进的电穿孔法相比，光穿孔被证明更高效、温和，并能保留 NK-92MI 细胞的表型。总之，我们的工作凸显了光刻技术在 NK 细胞工程中的广阔前景。
{"title":"Photoporation of NK-92MI cells with biodegradable polydopamine nanosensitizers as a promising strategy for the generation of engineered NK cell therapies","authors":"Charlotte Hinnekens, Aranit Harizaj, Dominika Berdecka, Ilke Aernout, Molood Shariati, Stefanie Peeters, Eva Lion, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Bart Vandekerckhove, Kevin Braeckmans, Juan C. Fraire","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102402","url":null,"abstract":"Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have made significant advancements in the field of adoptive immune cell therapies and the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the production and administration of these therapies. As a result, there has been interest in using natural killer (NK) cells to develop allogeneic CAR-NK cell therapies instead. While viral transduction is powerful for engineering T cells, NK cells have shown limited efficacy and high toxicity with this method. Therefore, efforts are being made to optimize non-viral transfection technologies for engineering NK cells. One such emerging technology is photoporation, which has demonstrated high efficiency and versatility for transfecting different immune cells. In this study, we evaluated the potential of nanoparticle-sensitized photoporation for genetic engineering of NK cells. Our findings show that both FD500 and eGFP mRNA can be successfully delivered into NK-92MI cells with high efficiency and low toxicity. When compared to state-of-the-art electroporation, photoporation proved to be more efficient, gentle, and capable of preserving the phenotype of NK-92MI cells. Overall, our work highlights the promising prospects of photoporation for NK cell engineering.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102409
Jiaying Lin, Jing Lin, Qianqian Zhu, Xiao Yan, Fenglu Wu, Bian Wang, Tong Du, Jialyu Huang, Bo Li
Thin endometrium is linked to recurrent miscarriage and infertility. Reliable clinical strategies for endometrium regeneration are lacking. Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), especially derived from umbilical cord blood, shows promising regenerative capabilities. Here, we designed a construct of the human umbilical cord blood-derived PRP and the as-synthesized semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) for promoting endometrial regeneration and fertility restoration following in situ microinjection in a rat model of endometrial damage. The mechanistic basis for the regenerative benefits of these PRP-SPNs was also assessed, with a particular focus on the regulation of macrophage activity. , PRP-SPNs treatment was sufficient to enhance the proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells. , PRP-SPNs administration induced robust endometrial proliferation, re-epithelialization, and angiogenic activity while inhibiting localized fibrosis. Critically, the regenerated endometrium exhibited enhanced receptivity such that it was conducive to higher rates of implantation and fetal development. At the cellular level, PRP-SPNs were found to promote the polarization of CD163+ M2 macrophages while coordinating the induction of more effective anti-inflammatory responses and . Together, these results suggest that PRP-SPNs represent a safe, effective, noninvasive approach that can be conveniently implemented to remediate thin endometrium and restore fertility for patients in need.
{"title":"Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles laden with platelet-rich plasma for endometrium regeneration via regulating macrophage M1/M2 type polarization","authors":"Jiaying Lin, Jing Lin, Qianqian Zhu, Xiao Yan, Fenglu Wu, Bian Wang, Tong Du, Jialyu Huang, Bo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102409","url":null,"abstract":"Thin endometrium is linked to recurrent miscarriage and infertility. Reliable clinical strategies for endometrium regeneration are lacking. Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), especially derived from umbilical cord blood, shows promising regenerative capabilities. Here, we designed a construct of the human umbilical cord blood-derived PRP and the as-synthesized semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) for promoting endometrial regeneration and fertility restoration following in situ microinjection in a rat model of endometrial damage. The mechanistic basis for the regenerative benefits of these PRP-SPNs was also assessed, with a particular focus on the regulation of macrophage activity. , PRP-SPNs treatment was sufficient to enhance the proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells. , PRP-SPNs administration induced robust endometrial proliferation, re-epithelialization, and angiogenic activity while inhibiting localized fibrosis. Critically, the regenerated endometrium exhibited enhanced receptivity such that it was conducive to higher rates of implantation and fetal development. At the cellular level, PRP-SPNs were found to promote the polarization of CD163+ M2 macrophages while coordinating the induction of more effective anti-inflammatory responses and . Together, these results suggest that PRP-SPNs represent a safe, effective, noninvasive approach that can be conveniently implemented to remediate thin endometrium and restore fertility for patients in need.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102404
Kyongman An, Hyunhyuk Tae, Jihoon Shin, Jieun Bae, Sunguck Han, Gichan Choi, Tae-Hoon Kim, Nam-Joon Cho
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an essential technique for biomolecule detection in diagnostics and research, but traditional protocols are time-consuming and variable. Conventional blocking agents like bovine serum albumin (BSA) pose ethical issues and potential assay interference. This study presents a one-step lipid-blocking approach to simplify the ELISA procedure. Compared to conventional blockers, the Lipid Universal Coating Assembly (LUCA) antifouling blocker showed comparable sensitivity while significantly reducing processing time and steps. Furthermore, it showed improved co-blocking efficacy and signal intensity in conventional protocols when combined with minimal BSA concentrations. Stability tests under accelerated aging confirmed the robustness of the LUCA antifouling blocker. Additionally, it effectively facilitated antibody detection for COVID-19 antigens in direct ELISA and human IL-6 antigen in Sandwich ELISA, suggesting its versatile applicability. Taken together, our findings reveal that one-step lipid blocking not only streamlines the ELISA process but also maintains high sensitivity and specificity, providing an efficient, user-friendly, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional ELISA blockers and a robust platform for rapid diagnostics.
{"title":"Revolutionizing ELISA: A one-step blocking approach using lipid bilayer coatings","authors":"Kyongman An, Hyunhyuk Tae, Jihoon Shin, Jieun Bae, Sunguck Han, Gichan Choi, Tae-Hoon Kim, Nam-Joon Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102404","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an essential technique for biomolecule detection in diagnostics and research, but traditional protocols are time-consuming and variable. Conventional blocking agents like bovine serum albumin (BSA) pose ethical issues and potential assay interference. This study presents a one-step lipid-blocking approach to simplify the ELISA procedure. Compared to conventional blockers, the Lipid Universal Coating Assembly (LUCA) antifouling blocker showed comparable sensitivity while significantly reducing processing time and steps. Furthermore, it showed improved co-blocking efficacy and signal intensity in conventional protocols when combined with minimal BSA concentrations. Stability tests under accelerated aging confirmed the robustness of the LUCA antifouling blocker. Additionally, it effectively facilitated antibody detection for COVID-19 antigens in direct ELISA and human IL-6 antigen in Sandwich ELISA, suggesting its versatile applicability. Taken together, our findings reveal that one-step lipid blocking not only streamlines the ELISA process but also maintains high sensitivity and specificity, providing an efficient, user-friendly, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional ELISA blockers and a robust platform for rapid diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102400
Prince Sharma, Suvankar Sen, Sumeet Walia, Kapil Kumar, Saurabh K. Saini, Mahesh Kumar
The field of topological materials (TMs) is experiencing significant advancements due to their unique surface states, which offer considerable potential for optoelectronics and terahertz (THz) applications. Intercalation in TMs can effectively modulate these surface states, thereby altering electronic and optical properties and enhancing functionalities. This approach enables the tailoring of material properties for specific applications, broadening the utility of TMs across various technological domains. This study focuses on understanding the charge carrier and phonon dynamics in bismuth selenide (BiSe) intercalated with various metals (ABiSe, where A = Ag, Cr, Ni, Mn, Sm, Zn). We examine carrier trapping, carrier relaxation through optical and acoustic phonons, charge recombination processes, and variations in carrier temperature with probe delay lifetimes. Additionally, we explore coherent optical phonons (COPs) in MIBS, which oscillate at THz frequencies and have potential applications in THz generation and detection. Achieving tunability in the THz frequency of COP modes is a significant challenge; however, our research establishes a correlation between optical and structural properties and the dependence of COP frequencies on effective metal intercalation. This comprehensive investigation elucidates the intricate interplay between surface carriers and phonon dynamics in intercalated TMs, highlighting promising advancements for diverse technological applications, including spintronics, optoelectronics, and THz technology.
{"title":"Intercalation-enhanced topological material Bi2Se3: Tuning charge carrier and phonon dynamics for advanced optoelectronic and terahertz applications","authors":"Prince Sharma, Suvankar Sen, Sumeet Walia, Kapil Kumar, Saurabh K. Saini, Mahesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102400","url":null,"abstract":"The field of topological materials (TMs) is experiencing significant advancements due to their unique surface states, which offer considerable potential for optoelectronics and terahertz (THz) applications. Intercalation in TMs can effectively modulate these surface states, thereby altering electronic and optical properties and enhancing functionalities. This approach enables the tailoring of material properties for specific applications, broadening the utility of TMs across various technological domains. This study focuses on understanding the charge carrier and phonon dynamics in bismuth selenide (BiSe) intercalated with various metals (ABiSe, where A = Ag, Cr, Ni, Mn, Sm, Zn). We examine carrier trapping, carrier relaxation through optical and acoustic phonons, charge recombination processes, and variations in carrier temperature with probe delay lifetimes. Additionally, we explore coherent optical phonons (COPs) in MIBS, which oscillate at THz frequencies and have potential applications in THz generation and detection. Achieving tunability in the THz frequency of COP modes is a significant challenge; however, our research establishes a correlation between optical and structural properties and the dependence of COP frequencies on effective metal intercalation. This comprehensive investigation elucidates the intricate interplay between surface carriers and phonon dynamics in intercalated TMs, highlighting promising advancements for diverse technological applications, including spintronics, optoelectronics, and THz technology.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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