Strain engineering is an important strategy to modulate the optical and electronic properties of two-dimensional materials. Phonon is one of the most significant elementary excitations of solids and plays a key role in heat conduction, phonon-photon interaction and phonon-electron interaction. NbOCl is abundant in phonon modes, demonstrates considerable monolayer-like exciton effects, possesses excellent second-order nonlinear optical response, and displays emerging physical properties attributed to its weak interlayer coupling. In this work, the phonon vibrational modes of NbOCl were modulated by uniaxial strain. The phonon vibrational modes P1 and P5 exhibited strain-dependent phonon displacements, with the strain coefficients of P1 under uniaxial tensile strain reaching 3.45 cm/% and that of P5 as high as 6.61 cm/%. Furthermore, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of P5 tended to decrease during the tensile strain loading process. In addition, the sensitivity of the phonon vibrational modes of NbOCl to strain was also investigated for different layers, and it was found that the thin layers of NbOCl were highly sensitive to strain. This work broadens the application in flexible optoelectronic devices. It also has great potential application value in future fields such as quantum communication, design of lasers and solar cells.
{"title":"Vibration modes of phonons in few-layer NbOCl2 modulated by uniaxial strain","authors":"Wei Chen, Muyang Huang, Qiong Chen, Siwei Luo, Zongyu Huang, Xiang Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102384","url":null,"abstract":"Strain engineering is an important strategy to modulate the optical and electronic properties of two-dimensional materials. Phonon is one of the most significant elementary excitations of solids and plays a key role in heat conduction, phonon-photon interaction and phonon-electron interaction. NbOCl is abundant in phonon modes, demonstrates considerable monolayer-like exciton effects, possesses excellent second-order nonlinear optical response, and displays emerging physical properties attributed to its weak interlayer coupling. In this work, the phonon vibrational modes of NbOCl were modulated by uniaxial strain. The phonon vibrational modes P1 and P5 exhibited strain-dependent phonon displacements, with the strain coefficients of P1 under uniaxial tensile strain reaching 3.45 cm/% and that of P5 as high as 6.61 cm/%. Furthermore, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of P5 tended to decrease during the tensile strain loading process. In addition, the sensitivity of the phonon vibrational modes of NbOCl to strain was also investigated for different layers, and it was found that the thin layers of NbOCl were highly sensitive to strain. This work broadens the application in flexible optoelectronic devices. It also has great potential application value in future fields such as quantum communication, design of lasers and solar cells.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, many scholars have carried out relevant work to solve the issue of fatigue size effect in additive manufacturing (AM) specimens. This paper provides a comprehensive review and summary of the size effect in AM metals under high-cycle fatigue conditions. The factors affecting different defect characteristics of AM materials and the size distribution of critical defects are systematically collected and organized. According to two research perspectives, the fatigue size effect in AM metals can be categorized into statistical size effect and stress size effect. Subsequently, the generation mechanisms of these two types of size effects are respectively described, followed by a summary of the theoretical model applicable to AM metal fatigue size effect. Finally, several suggestions for further research on the size effects of AM metal fatigue are proposed.
近年来，许多学者为解决增材制造（AM）试样的疲劳尺寸效应问题开展了相关工作。本文全面回顾和总结了高循环疲劳条件下 AM 金属的尺寸效应。系统地收集和整理了影响 AM 材料不同缺陷特性的因素以及关键缺陷的尺寸分布。根据两个研究视角，AM 金属的疲劳尺寸效应可分为统计尺寸效应和应力尺寸效应。随后，分别阐述了这两种尺寸效应的产生机制，并总结了适用于 AM 金属疲劳尺寸效应的理论模型。最后，提出了进一步研究 AM 金属疲劳尺寸效应的若干建议。
{"title":"A review on high-cycle fatigue size effect of selective laser melted metals","authors":"Qia Zhao, Weixing Yao, Jing Cao, Boda Wang, Yuan Tao, Zhen Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102367","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many scholars have carried out relevant work to solve the issue of fatigue size effect in additive manufacturing (AM) specimens. This paper provides a comprehensive review and summary of the size effect in AM metals under high-cycle fatigue conditions. The factors affecting different defect characteristics of AM materials and the size distribution of critical defects are systematically collected and organized. According to two research perspectives, the fatigue size effect in AM metals can be categorized into statistical size effect and stress size effect. Subsequently, the generation mechanisms of these two types of size effects are respectively described, followed by a summary of the theoretical model applicable to AM metal fatigue size effect. Finally, several suggestions for further research on the size effects of AM metal fatigue are proposed.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102366
Joshua Pelz, Nicholas Ku, Taylor Shoulders, Matthew Guziewski, Samuel Figueroa, Jeffrey J. Swab, Lionel R. Vargas-Gonzalez, Marc A. Meyers
Dense boron carbide-silicon carbide specimens with composition tailored at the mesoscale were produced by direct ink write additive manufacturing in three configurations: I, 2 % and II, 10 % compositional layer-to-layer steps, and III, homogeneous composition throughout. Flexural strength, indicative of tensile failure, is the highest for the Type-II design (366 MPa) due to its compressive residual stress state in the surface layers. Analysis of thermally-induced residual stresses predicts the ranking of the flexural strengths obtained for Type-II (highest), Type-I (intermediate), and Type-III (lowest) specimens. Compressive strength is load-orientation independent, highly strain-rate dependent, and reduced for specimens with thermal residual stress. Mechanical tests were performed in cube and dumbbell geometries. Dumbbell geometry compression specimens have a compressive strength that is 68 % (quasistatic) and 86 % (dynamic) higher than that of cube geometry and show a greater strain rate dependence. The rate dependency is attributed to the competition between crack propagation and loading velocities. Type-I dumbbells show the highest mean compressive strength of 3.96 GPa (quasi-static) and 5.11 GPa (dynamic). The failure mode evolves from mixed intergranular/transgranular at low strain rates to transgranular at high strain rates. High-speed video analysis indicates that dumbbell geometry specimens fail in compression due to microcrack growth and coalescence, while cubes fail due to the axial macrocracks that develop at the specimen/load platen interface and propagate into the specimen parallel to the loading direction (end splitting). This work demonstrates the impact of compositional variation, tailored by additive manufacturing, on the mechanical performance of ceramic composites.
通过三种配置的直接墨水写入增材制造技术生产出了中尺度成分定制的致密碳化硼-碳化硅试样：I 型：2 % 和 II 型：10 % 的层间成分阶跃；III 型：整体成分均匀。由于表层的压缩残余应力状态，表明拉伸失效的挠曲强度在 II 型设计中最高（366 兆帕）。对热引起的残余应力的分析预测了 II 型试样（最高）、I 型试样（中等）和 III 型试样（最低）的抗弯强度排名。抗压强度与载荷方向无关，与应变速率高度相关，并降低了热残余应力试样的抗压强度。机械测试采用立方体和哑铃几何形状。哑铃形压缩试样的压缩强度比立方体试样高出 68%（准静态）和 86%（动态），并显示出更大的应变速率依赖性。应变速率依赖性是由于裂纹扩展和加载速度之间的竞争造成的。I 型哑铃的平均抗压强度最高，为 3.96 GPa（准静态）和 5.11 GPa（动态）。失效模式从低应变速率下的混合晶间/透晶演变为高应变速率下的透晶。高速视频分析表明，哑铃形试样在压缩过程中由于微裂纹生长和凝聚而失效，而立方体试样则由于轴向大裂纹而失效，这些裂纹在试样/载荷压盘界面处产生，并平行于加载方向扩展到试样中（端部分裂）。这项工作证明了通过增材制造定制的成分变化对陶瓷复合材料机械性能的影响。
{"title":"Gradient ceramic structures via multi-material direct ink writing","authors":"Joshua Pelz, Nicholas Ku, Taylor Shoulders, Matthew Guziewski, Samuel Figueroa, Jeffrey J. Swab, Lionel R. Vargas-Gonzalez, Marc A. Meyers","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102366","url":null,"abstract":"Dense boron carbide-silicon carbide specimens with composition tailored at the mesoscale were produced by direct ink write additive manufacturing in three configurations: I, 2 % and II, 10 % compositional layer-to-layer steps, and III, homogeneous composition throughout. Flexural strength, indicative of tensile failure, is the highest for the Type-II design (366 MPa) due to its compressive residual stress state in the surface layers. Analysis of thermally-induced residual stresses predicts the ranking of the flexural strengths obtained for Type-II (highest), Type-I (intermediate), and Type-III (lowest) specimens. Compressive strength is load-orientation independent, highly strain-rate dependent, and reduced for specimens with thermal residual stress. Mechanical tests were performed in cube and dumbbell geometries. Dumbbell geometry compression specimens have a compressive strength that is 68 % (quasistatic) and 86 % (dynamic) higher than that of cube geometry and show a greater strain rate dependence. The rate dependency is attributed to the competition between crack propagation and loading velocities. Type-I dumbbells show the highest mean compressive strength of 3.96 GPa (quasi-static) and 5.11 GPa (dynamic). The failure mode evolves from mixed intergranular/transgranular at low strain rates to transgranular at high strain rates. High-speed video analysis indicates that dumbbell geometry specimens fail in compression due to microcrack growth and coalescence, while cubes fail due to the axial macrocracks that develop at the specimen/load platen interface and propagate into the specimen parallel to the loading direction (end splitting). This work demonstrates the impact of compositional variation, tailored by additive manufacturing, on the mechanical performance of ceramic composites.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"484 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To engineer a hydrogel elastomer for use as an in vivo tissue replacement, it is imperative to ensure superior fatigue resistance, guaranteeing a prolonged service life. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of strain energy accumulation and transmission, which occur during the compression of elastomeric materials, is instrumental in elucidating the causes of hydrogel material fatigue. Such insights are of immense value for the development of durable artificial tissue replacements, ensuring their longevity and sustained functionality within the human body. We synthesized hydrogel elastomers through polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with good biocompatibility, and studied their fatigue behavior through molecular dynamics (MD). The results of this analysis demonstrate that the introduction of energy dissipation structures between mechanically supported molecular frameworks can enhance the relaxation efficiency of polymers. This improvement leads to enhanced resistance of hydrogels to compression fatigue. A total of 1,000,000 cycles of compression tests were conducted to verify that WPU/PVA did not exhibit any significant compression fatigue under high stress of 50 % strain. In contrast, PVA hydrogel exhibited obvious fatigue due to the absence of an energy dissipation structure. These results revealed the source of compression fatigue resistance of hydrogel elasticity and provided powerful guidance for the design and synthesis of artificial tissues.
{"title":"Design and molecular dynamics of biocompatible WPU/PVA composite hydrogels with enhanced fatigue resistance: Energy dissipation of intermolecular clusters for elastomers","authors":"Jianming Zhao, Miaojie Shi, Yajie Xie, Chao Ning, Kun Qiao, Runzheng Jiang, Abudureheman Bahatibieke, Yudong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102377","url":null,"abstract":"To engineer a hydrogel elastomer for use as an in vivo tissue replacement, it is imperative to ensure superior fatigue resistance, guaranteeing a prolonged service life. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of strain energy accumulation and transmission, which occur during the compression of elastomeric materials, is instrumental in elucidating the causes of hydrogel material fatigue. Such insights are of immense value for the development of durable artificial tissue replacements, ensuring their longevity and sustained functionality within the human body. We synthesized hydrogel elastomers through polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with good biocompatibility, and studied their fatigue behavior through molecular dynamics (MD). The results of this analysis demonstrate that the introduction of energy dissipation structures between mechanically supported molecular frameworks can enhance the relaxation efficiency of polymers. This improvement leads to enhanced resistance of hydrogels to compression fatigue. A total of 1,000,000 cycles of compression tests were conducted to verify that WPU/PVA did not exhibit any significant compression fatigue under high stress of 50 % strain. In contrast, PVA hydrogel exhibited obvious fatigue due to the absence of an energy dissipation structure. These results revealed the source of compression fatigue resistance of hydrogel elasticity and provided powerful guidance for the design and synthesis of artificial tissues.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forward prediction and inverse design of 4D printing have primarily focused on 2D rectangular surfaces or plates, leaving the challenge of 4D printing parts with arbitrary shapes underexplored. This gap arises from the difficulty of handling varying input sizes in machine learning paradigms. To address this, we propose a novel machine learning-driven approach for forward prediction and inverse design tailored to 4D printed hierarchical architectures with arbitrary shapes. Our method encodes non-rectangular shapes with special identifiers, transforming the design domain into a format suitable for machine learning analysis. Using Residual Networks (ResNet) for forward prediction and evolutionary algorithms (EA) for inverse design, our approach achieves accurate and efficient predictions and designs. The results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, with the forward prediction model achieving a loss below , and the inverse optimization model maintaining an error near 1 mm, which is low relative to the entire shape of the optimized model. These outcomes demonstrate the capability of our approach to accurately predict and design complex hierarchical structures in 4D printing applications.
{"title":"Machine learning driven forward prediction and inverse design for 4D printed hierarchical architecture with arbitrary shapes","authors":"Liuchao Jin, Shouyi Yu, Jianxiang Cheng, Haitao Ye, Xiaoya Zhai, Jingchao Jiang, Kang Zhang, Bingcong Jian, Mahdi Bodaghi, Qi Ge, Wei-Hsin Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102373","url":null,"abstract":"The forward prediction and inverse design of 4D printing have primarily focused on 2D rectangular surfaces or plates, leaving the challenge of 4D printing parts with arbitrary shapes underexplored. This gap arises from the difficulty of handling varying input sizes in machine learning paradigms. To address this, we propose a novel machine learning-driven approach for forward prediction and inverse design tailored to 4D printed hierarchical architectures with arbitrary shapes. Our method encodes non-rectangular shapes with special identifiers, transforming the design domain into a format suitable for machine learning analysis. Using Residual Networks (ResNet) for forward prediction and evolutionary algorithms (EA) for inverse design, our approach achieves accurate and efficient predictions and designs. The results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, with the forward prediction model achieving a loss below , and the inverse optimization model maintaining an error near 1 mm, which is low relative to the entire shape of the optimized model. These outcomes demonstrate the capability of our approach to accurately predict and design complex hierarchical structures in 4D printing applications.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium batteries are widely used in electronic and medical devices for the advantages of high energy/power densities and low self-discharge. However, the active lithium metal anode can react with electrolyte to form unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and affect the rate performance and stability of lithium batteries. In this work, we design a 3D Cu foam (CF) based copper nitride nanowire (CuN NW) array, and further construct stable 3D composite Li anode by molten lithium metal infusion method. CuN NWs can improve the lithiophilicity and ionic conductivity, and provide high specific surface area, uniform local current density and abundant diffusion channels for lithium-ion flux. The designed 3D CuN NW/Cu foam electrode achieves uniform lithium deposition, excellent discharge performance and stability under high temperature and long-term storage conditions. The Li@CuN NW/CF-CF battery exhibits excellent discharge specific capacity of 1080 mAh g (0.1 C) and remarkable rate capacity of 546 mAh g (8 C). After 60 days of storage at room temperature and 55 °C, the battery also demonstrates excellent storage performance of 874 and 627 mAh g. This work provides a facile and effective strategy for designing stable composite Li anode with a LiN-rich SEI for high-performance lithium batteries.
锂电池具有高能量/功率密度和低自放电的优点，被广泛应用于电子和医疗设备中。然而，活性锂金属阳极会与电解质发生反应，形成不稳定的固体电解质界面（SEI），影响锂电池的速率性能和稳定性。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种基于三维铜泡沫（CF）的氮化铜纳米线（CuN NW）阵列，并进一步通过熔融锂金属注入法构建了稳定的三维复合锂负极。氮化铜纳米线能提高锂离子的亲锂性和离子导电性，并为锂离子通量提供高比表面积、均匀的局部电流密度和丰富的扩散通道。所设计的三维 CuN NW/Cu 泡沫电极可实现均匀的锂沉积、优异的放电性能以及在高温和长期储存条件下的稳定性。Li@CuN NW/CF-CF 电池的放电比容量为 1080 mAh g (0.1 C)，速率容量为 546 mAh g (8 C)。在室温和 55 °C条件下存储 60 天后，该电池还显示出 874 mAh g 和 627 mAh g 的优异存储性能。这项工作为设计稳定的复合锂负极和高性能锂电池的富含 LiN 的 SEI 提供了一种简便有效的策略。
{"title":"3D Cu3N nanowire/Cu foam composite host enables high-capacity and long-storage lithium battery","authors":"Jialu Liu, Haijun Tian, Yingke Zhou, Enmin Xu, Ping Li, Xiaohui Tian, Zhongzhi Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102378","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium batteries are widely used in electronic and medical devices for the advantages of high energy/power densities and low self-discharge. However, the active lithium metal anode can react with electrolyte to form unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and affect the rate performance and stability of lithium batteries. In this work, we design a 3D Cu foam (CF) based copper nitride nanowire (CuN NW) array, and further construct stable 3D composite Li anode by molten lithium metal infusion method. CuN NWs can improve the lithiophilicity and ionic conductivity, and provide high specific surface area, uniform local current density and abundant diffusion channels for lithium-ion flux. The designed 3D CuN NW/Cu foam electrode achieves uniform lithium deposition, excellent discharge performance and stability under high temperature and long-term storage conditions. The Li@CuN NW/CF-CF battery exhibits excellent discharge specific capacity of 1080 mAh g (0.1 C) and remarkable rate capacity of 546 mAh g (8 C). After 60 days of storage at room temperature and 55 °C, the battery also demonstrates excellent storage performance of 874 and 627 mAh g. This work provides a facile and effective strategy for designing stable composite Li anode with a LiN-rich SEI for high-performance lithium batteries.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium alloy, known for its high strength and excellent biocompatibility, is widely used in aerospace, biomedical, and other fields. Material extrusion-based 3D printing offers a rapid design and effective way to fabricate complex shape part, but suffered from the time-consuming debinding and poor relative density. POM (Polyformaldehyde)-based binder has the fastest removal efficiency to achieve the debinding and sintering of parts with large cross-section. However, both the high viscosity and crystallinity limits its application in extrusion printing. In this paper, we significantly reduced the viscosity of POM-based feedstock by adding the plasticizer DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate). The crystallization properties and printing effects of conventional PP (Polypropylene) and newly developed PS (Polystyrene) as backbone binder were studied. The results showed that high crystallization increased the shrinkage of feedstock, causing warping and reduced mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V. With the PS as the backbone binder, the crystallization capacity of the feedstock was decreased and the warping was improved. High-density (98.62 ± 0.25 %) titanium alloy (TC4) was obtained, with an ultimate tensile strength of 948.4 ± 3.7 MPa, an elongation of 5.91 ± 0.9 %. 3D cubic samples with thickness of 30, 35, and 40 mm and a scaled human leg bone model with a thickness of 23 mm were successfully fabricated. This study has reference significance for the application of 3D printing of POM-based binder system and the preparation of titanium alloy with large cross-section.
{"title":"Efficient catalytic debinding feedstock design for material extrusion additive manufacturing of low warpage and high-density titanium alloy","authors":"Mengxiong Chen, Zhonghua Yi, Huiwen Xiong, Heng Zou, Xiao Kang, Lei Zhang, Jianpeng Zou, Kechao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102383","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium alloy, known for its high strength and excellent biocompatibility, is widely used in aerospace, biomedical, and other fields. Material extrusion-based 3D printing offers a rapid design and effective way to fabricate complex shape part, but suffered from the time-consuming debinding and poor relative density. POM (Polyformaldehyde)-based binder has the fastest removal efficiency to achieve the debinding and sintering of parts with large cross-section. However, both the high viscosity and crystallinity limits its application in extrusion printing. In this paper, we significantly reduced the viscosity of POM-based feedstock by adding the plasticizer DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate). The crystallization properties and printing effects of conventional PP (Polypropylene) and newly developed PS (Polystyrene) as backbone binder were studied. The results showed that high crystallization increased the shrinkage of feedstock, causing warping and reduced mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V. With the PS as the backbone binder, the crystallization capacity of the feedstock was decreased and the warping was improved. High-density (98.62 ± 0.25 %) titanium alloy (TC4) was obtained, with an ultimate tensile strength of 948.4 ± 3.7 MPa, an elongation of 5.91 ± 0.9 %. 3D cubic samples with thickness of 30, 35, and 40 mm and a scaled human leg bone model with a thickness of 23 mm were successfully fabricated. This study has reference significance for the application of 3D printing of POM-based binder system and the preparation of titanium alloy with large cross-section.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atomic-thin III-V semiconductors with nanometer thickness have emerge as promising candidate for diverse applications in optoelectronics. In this work, by using a space-confine approach, ultra-thin indium phosphide (InP) crystals were obtained with thickness scaled down 10 nm, which demonstrate an extremely giant second harmonic generation (SHG) susceptivity up to 2.05 × 10 m/V under 1064 nm excitation, among the best of reported two-dimensional semiconductors. In addition, a high-performance Schottky photodiode with asymmetric electrical contact was implemented. The self-powered device exhibits a high responsivity of 15.3 mA W and a detectivity of 1.94 × 10 Jones under 532 nm light illumination, revealing a high on/off ratio of photocurrent exceeding 10 under zero bias, accompanied by rapid response times of only milliseconds. The results offer a streamlined avenue to develop ultrathin III-V semiconductor for high-performance photodetectors in future applications.
{"title":"Space-confined synthesis of two-dimensional InP crystals for high-performance self-powered Schottky photodiode","authors":"Lin-Qing Yue, Yan-Lei Shi, Sheng Qiang, Nie-Feng Sun, Jing-Kai Qin, Liang Zhen, Cheng-Yan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102376","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic-thin III-V semiconductors with nanometer thickness have emerge as promising candidate for diverse applications in optoelectronics. In this work, by using a space-confine approach, ultra-thin indium phosphide (InP) crystals were obtained with thickness scaled down 10 nm, which demonstrate an extremely giant second harmonic generation (SHG) susceptivity up to 2.05 × 10 m/V under 1064 nm excitation, among the best of reported two-dimensional semiconductors. In addition, a high-performance Schottky photodiode with asymmetric electrical contact was implemented. The self-powered device exhibits a high responsivity of 15.3 mA W and a detectivity of 1.94 × 10 Jones under 532 nm light illumination, revealing a high on/off ratio of photocurrent exceeding 10 under zero bias, accompanied by rapid response times of only milliseconds. The results offer a streamlined avenue to develop ultrathin III-V semiconductor for high-performance photodetectors in future applications.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102364
Wendan Jia, Xiaoning Yang, Zixian Liu, Lei Sun, Zhizhong Shen, Meng Li, Hulin Zhang, Yang An, Shengbo Sang
The nasal cartilage plays a crucial role in supporting the nose and facilitating respiration, however has a limited regenerative capabilities once damaged. Nasal cartilage tissue engineering presents a promising avenue for addressing cartilage lesions and regeneration. Additionally, surgical procedures such as tumor removal, trauma reconstruction, or rhinoplasty require the surgeon to meticulously shape the cartilage to conform to the patient's individual contours, a task that is both time-consuming and challenging. The advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology provides a potential solution to this predicament, as it enables the precise fabrication of intricate and personalized tissue constructs. Furthermore, the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with native 3D structures and various bioactive components, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment combined with the seed cell, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. In view of this, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the 3D bioprinting technologies and seed cells and dECM biomaterials for 3D bioprinting nasal cartilage tissue engineering, and look forward to the application prospect of 3D bioprinting of nasal cartilage regeneration research.
{"title":"Nasal cartilage tissue engineering materials based on 3D bioprinting: Seed cells and dECM","authors":"Wendan Jia, Xiaoning Yang, Zixian Liu, Lei Sun, Zhizhong Shen, Meng Li, Hulin Zhang, Yang An, Shengbo Sang","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102364","url":null,"abstract":"The nasal cartilage plays a crucial role in supporting the nose and facilitating respiration, however has a limited regenerative capabilities once damaged. Nasal cartilage tissue engineering presents a promising avenue for addressing cartilage lesions and regeneration. Additionally, surgical procedures such as tumor removal, trauma reconstruction, or rhinoplasty require the surgeon to meticulously shape the cartilage to conform to the patient's individual contours, a task that is both time-consuming and challenging. The advent of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology provides a potential solution to this predicament, as it enables the precise fabrication of intricate and personalized tissue constructs. Furthermore, the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with native 3D structures and various bioactive components, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment combined with the seed cell, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. In view of this, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the 3D bioprinting technologies and seed cells and dECM biomaterials for 3D bioprinting nasal cartilage tissue engineering, and look forward to the application prospect of 3D bioprinting of nasal cartilage regeneration research.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102363
Nidhin Divakaran, Alex Y, Agneyarka Mohapatra, Smita Mohanty
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in 3D printed electronics due to its potential to revolutionize the electronics industry. 3D printed electronics assists in creation of customized electronic devices that can be tailored to specific needs. Our current work focusses on developing material extrusion (MEX) 3D printed capacitors using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) as base polymer. This research aims to investigate the effect of incorporating nanofillers, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper-carbon nanotubes (Cu-CNT), on the overall properties of polymer composites. The composites were prepared by melt blending ABS with varying concentrations of itaconic acid modified (m-ZnO) and Cu-CNT, followed by 3D printing into capacitor structures. The goal is to enhance the electrical performance of these composites and enable their use in 3D printed capacitors. The studies derived the influence of m-ZnO in enhancing the capacitance and dielectric constant of ABS polymer, while the presence of Cu-CNT augmented the electrical conductivity of ABS by 9 orders of magnitude. These nanofillers also contributed in amplifying tensile strength of ABS polymer along with its thermal properties. Further, the paper describes the design of a 3D printed capacitor that uses ABS/m-ZnO as the dielectric layer and ABS/Cu-CNT as the conducting layer, thereby making it a suitable candidate for developing capacitors with higher capacitance, energy storage devices with improved energy density, and sensors with higher sensitivity.
近年来，人们对 3D 打印电子产品的兴趣与日俱增，因为它具有彻底改变电子行业的潜力。三维打印电子设备有助于创建可满足特定需求的定制电子设备。我们目前的工作重点是使用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）作为基础聚合物，开发材料挤压（MEX）3D 打印电容器。本研究旨在探讨加入纳米填料（特别是氧化锌（ZnO）和铜-碳纳米管（Cu-CNT））对聚合物复合材料整体性能的影响。复合材料的制备方法是将 ABS 与不同浓度的衣康酸改性（m-ZnO）和铜-碳纳米管熔融混合，然后通过 3D 打印制成电容器结构。目的是提高这些复合材料的电气性能，并将其用于三维打印电容器中。研究结果表明，m-ZnO 可提高 ABS 聚合物的电容和介电常数，而 Cu-CNT 的存在可将 ABS 的导电性提高 9 个数量级。这些纳米填料还有助于提高 ABS 聚合物的拉伸强度及其热性能。此外，论文还介绍了一种 3D 打印电容器的设计，该电容器使用 ABS/m-ZnO 作为介电层，ABS/Cu-CNT 作为导电层，因此适合用于开发具有更高电容的电容器、具有更高能量密度的储能设备以及具有更高灵敏度的传感器。
{"title":"Material extrusion-based 3D printed capacitor optimization: Enhancing performance with ZnO and Cu-CNT reinforced ABS composites","authors":"Nidhin Divakaran, Alex Y, Agneyarka Mohapatra, Smita Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102363","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing interest in 3D printed electronics due to its potential to revolutionize the electronics industry. 3D printed electronics assists in creation of customized electronic devices that can be tailored to specific needs. Our current work focusses on developing material extrusion (MEX) 3D printed capacitors using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) as base polymer. This research aims to investigate the effect of incorporating nanofillers, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper-carbon nanotubes (Cu-CNT), on the overall properties of polymer composites. The composites were prepared by melt blending ABS with varying concentrations of itaconic acid modified (m-ZnO) and Cu-CNT, followed by 3D printing into capacitor structures. The goal is to enhance the electrical performance of these composites and enable their use in 3D printed capacitors. The studies derived the influence of m-ZnO in enhancing the capacitance and dielectric constant of ABS polymer, while the presence of Cu-CNT augmented the electrical conductivity of ABS by 9 orders of magnitude. These nanofillers also contributed in amplifying tensile strength of ABS polymer along with its thermal properties. Further, the paper describes the design of a 3D printed capacitor that uses ABS/m-ZnO as the dielectric layer and ABS/Cu-CNT as the conducting layer, thereby making it a suitable candidate for developing capacitors with higher capacitance, energy storage devices with improved energy density, and sensors with higher sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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