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Study on Adhesive Friction Process Considering Electrostatic Interaction 考虑静电相互作用的粘合剂摩擦过程研究
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01948-z
Hongsheng Lu, Pengzhe Zhu, Rao Li, Jiacheng Rong, Ying Yin

Adhesive friction considering electrostatic interaction is an important problem in practical engineering. However, the friction mechanism considering electrostatic interaction and adhesion of elastoplastic materials on the contact interfaces remains poorly understood. A sliding friction model considering the van der Waals attraction, repulsive and electrostatic interactions is established in this work. The effect of charge density on the normal force, friction force, contact area and stress distribution is thoroughly investigated. And the repeated sliding friction process is also quantitatively analyzed. It is shown that adhesion enhances with the increase of surface charge density. Moreover, the contribution of electrostatic interaction to adhesion in the contact process is always greater than that to friction in the sliding friction process under the conditions studied. In the initial stage of friction, the friction will gradually increase and the normal force will gradually decrease. It is also found that a higher charge density results in a lower normal force in the friction process. Furthermore, the increase of charge density leads to a bigger contact diameter and the increased asymmetry of stress field, resulting in the increase of friction force, equivalent plastic strain and friction coefficient. In addition, both normal force and friction force arrive at a steady state after several repeated friction circles for elastoplastic materials, which is due to the fact that the contact diameter tends to be constant because of the accumulation of plastic deformation. This work reveals the contribution of electrostatic interaction to friction during adhesive sliding process and provides some insights into the adhesive friction problem considering electrostatic interaction.

考虑静电相互作用的粘着摩擦是实际工程中的一个重要问题。然而,考虑静电相互作用和弹塑性材料在接触界面上的粘附作用的摩擦机制仍然知之甚少。建立了考虑范德华引力、斥力和静电相互作用的滑动摩擦模型。研究了电荷密度对法向力、摩擦力、接触面积和应力分布的影响。并对重复滑动摩擦过程进行了定量分析。结果表明,随着表面电荷密度的增加,附着力增强。此外,在所研究的条件下,静电相互作用对接触过程中粘附的贡献始终大于滑动摩擦过程中摩擦的贡献。在摩擦初始阶段,摩擦力会逐渐增大,法向力会逐渐减小。研究还发现,电荷密度越高,摩擦过程中的法向力越小。电荷密度增大,接触直径增大,应力场不对称性增大,摩擦力增大,等效塑性应变增大,摩擦系数增大。此外,对于弹塑性材料,法向力和摩擦力经过多次重复摩擦循环后都达到稳态,这是由于接触直径由于塑性变形的积累而趋于恒定。这项工作揭示了静电相互作用对胶粘剂滑动过程中摩擦的贡献,并为考虑静电相互作用的胶粘剂摩擦问题提供了一些见解。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on the Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Dispersion and Lubrication Performance of Nano-silver-Based Lubricating Oils 离子液体对纳米银基润滑油的分散和润滑性能的影响研究
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01935-4
Chengjie Jin, Long Sun, Kexin Cao, Peng Chen, Songquan Wang, Ningning Hu

Aiming at the phenomenon that nanosilver lubricants are prone to agglomeration and sedimentation, the influence of different anions and cations in ionic liquids on the adsorption capacity of nanosilver particles is studied, and three ionic liquids with different structures are selected to improve the agglomeration of nanosilver particles in lubricants and to improve the anti-wear performance of lubricants; the dispersive performance of different ionic liquids is studied using quantum chemical simulation methods to study the adsorption and dispersion mechanism of nanosilver. The tribological properties of the three different ionic liquids in combination with the nanosilver lubricant were investigated using a multifunctional friction and wear tester and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The results show that hexyltributylphosphine hexafluorophosphate ([P4446][PF6]) can stabilise the dispersion of nanosilver lubricant and solve the problem of agglomeration and sedimentation due to its strong adsorption cation, which is attributed to its high adsorption and the synergistic effect of friction chemistry, and its anionic intermixing is good, and the ionic liquids have excellent anti-friction and wear reduction properties. It is shown that the design and utilisation of functional ionic liquids with the compound effect of nanosilver particles can effectively improve the dispersion of nanosilver as a lubricant additive.

Graphic Abstract

针对纳米银润滑剂易团聚和沉降的现象,研究了离子液体中不同阴阳离子对纳米银颗粒吸附能力的影响,选择了三种不同结构的离子液体,以改善纳米银颗粒在润滑剂中的团聚,提高润滑剂的抗磨性能;利用量子化学模拟方法研究了不同离子液体的分散性能,研究了纳米银的吸附和分散机理。使用多功能摩擦磨损测试仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜研究了三种不同离子液体与纳米银润滑剂结合的摩擦学特性。结果表明,六氟磷酸基三丁基膦([P4446][PF6])因其吸附阳离子性强,可稳定纳米银润滑剂的分散,解决团聚和沉积问题,这得益于其高吸附性和摩擦化学的协同效应,且其阴离子互混性好,离子液体具有优异的抗摩擦和减磨性能。研究表明,设计和利用具有纳米银颗粒复合效应的功能性离子液体,可有效提高纳米银作为润滑油添加剂的分散性。 图文摘要
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引用次数: 0
First-Principles Study of Superlubricity of Two-Dimensional Graphene/ WS2 Heterostructures 二维石墨烯/ WS2异质结构超润滑性第一性原理研究
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01949-y
Dongwei Liang, Cheng Zhang, Chengyu Shen, Guangteng Cao, Ningbo Liao, Miao Zhang

Layered two-dimensional nanomaterials such as graphene and WS2, possess superlubricity properties and thus offer a promising solution to mitigate friction and wear in micro-electromechanical systems. In this study, the atomic friction properties of graphene/graphene, WS2/WS2, and graphene/WS2 bilayer heterostructure systems were examined through density functional theory simulations. Results indicated that the friction strength of the graphene/WS2 bilayer heterostructure system was lower than that of the graphene/graphene and WS2/WS2 systems. Specifically, the graphene/WS2 bilayer heterostructure system demonstrated ultra-low friction coefficients ranging from 0.0006 to 0.0096, resulting in friction strengths in the range of 10^−3 nN. Furthermore, the heightened electrostatic repulsion and smooth potential energy fluctuation helped reduce friction, validating the superlubricity performance of the graphene/WS2 heterostructure system.

层状二维纳米材料,如石墨烯和WS2,具有超润滑性能,因此为减轻微机电系统中的摩擦和磨损提供了一个有前途的解决方案。本研究通过密度泛函理论模拟研究了石墨烯/石墨烯、WS2/WS2和石墨烯/WS2双层异质结构体系的原子摩擦性能。结果表明,石墨烯/WS2双层异质结构体系的摩擦强度低于石墨烯/石墨烯和WS2/WS2体系。具体而言,石墨烯/WS2双层异质结构体系的摩擦系数在0.0006至0.0096之间,摩擦强度在10^−3 nN之间。此外,增强的静电斥力和平滑的势能波动有助于减少摩擦,验证了石墨烯/WS2异质结构体系的超润滑性能。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Wear in Start–Stop Systems Using Continuum Damage Mechanics 基于连续损伤力学的启停系统磨损预测
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01943-4
Soroosh Salehi, Sahar Ghatrehsamani, Saleh Akbarzadeh, M. M. Khonsari

A vehicle start–stop system automatically shuts down and restarts the internal combustion engine to reduce the time the engine spends idling, thereby reducing fuel consumption and emissions. For the start–stop system to work, the engine must be at a certain temperature and conditions. If the engine is too hot, the system may not activate. This study explores the tribological characteristics of the start–stop system by applying principles of Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) to predict both the lifespan and wear volume subsequent to the start–stop cycles. A series of pin-on-disk tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the modeling and predictions. The results from these tests were compared to the CDM predictions, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy. Additionally, a Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was employed to model temperature variations during the start–stop cycles. Findings indicate that an increase in consecutive start–stop cycles impedes the system’s ability to sufficiently cool, thereby increasing wear. Conversely, extending the duration of the stop phase reduces wear and enhances the system’s lifespan.

车辆启停系统自动关闭并重新启动内燃机,以减少发动机的空转时间,从而减少燃料消耗和排放。为了使启停系统工作,发动机必须处于一定的温度和条件下。如果发动机过热,系统可能无法启动。本研究通过应用连续损伤力学(CDM)原理来预测启停循环后的使用寿命和磨损量,探讨了启停系统的摩擦学特性。进行了一系列针盘试验,以评估建模和预测的有效性。这些测试的结果与CDM预测结果进行了比较,显示出令人满意的准确性。此外,采用有限元法(FEM)模拟了启停循环过程中的温度变化。研究结果表明,连续启停周期的增加阻碍了系统充分冷却的能力,从而增加了磨损。相反,延长停止阶段的持续时间可以减少磨损,提高系统的使用寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Tribological Properties of Gear Material PA66 Reinforced by Glass Fibers 玻璃纤维增强 PA66 齿轮材料的摩擦学特性研究
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01941-6
Xinmin Li, Zhengjie Qiu, Wing San Tony Hung, Ulf Olofsson, Löwer Manuel, Chaoqun Duan

Polyamide 66 (PA66) is one of the commonly used polymer gear materials. This paper focuses on the tribological properties of glass fiber reinforced PA66 composites in self-mated contact using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The effects of glass fiber content, PV (the product of the contact pressure and sliding speed), and lubrication on the tribological properties of the specimens are also investigated. The results show that the glass fiber reinforced PA66 exhibit higher coefficients of friction and specific wear rates than PA66 under dry sliding conditions. This is probably due to the peeled glass fibers during the sliding process acting as abrasive particles which have an aggressive effect on the surface. Under grease lubricated conditions, PA66 + 33% GF has the lowest coefficient of friction and specific wear rate due to its higher strength. Under dry sliding conditions, all specimens show the highest friction coefficient and specific wear rate at 30 MPa·m/s with the change of PV value. Under grease lubricated conditions, all specimens show the highest friction coefficient and specific wear rate at 4 MPa·m/s with the change of PV value. The addition of grease improves friction and wear of PA66 composites under most of the experimental conditions. However, the specific wear rates of PA66 and PA66 + 13% GF under grease lubrication are higher than those under dry sliding conditions at low PV values. This may be due to the fact that greases can reduce the surface mechanical strength of PA66 and PA66 + 13% GF.

Graphical abstract

聚酰胺 66(PA66)是常用的聚合物齿轮材料之一。本文使用针盘摩擦磨损试验机重点研究了玻璃纤维增强 PA66 复合材料在自啮合接触中的摩擦学特性。同时还研究了玻璃纤维含量、PV(接触压力与滑动速度的乘积)和润滑对试样摩擦学特性的影响。结果表明,在干滑动条件下,玻璃纤维增强 PA66 比 PA66 表现出更高的摩擦系数和特定磨损率。这可能是由于在滑动过程中剥离的玻璃纤维充当了研磨颗粒,对表面产生了侵蚀作用。在油脂润滑条件下,PA66 + 33% GF 的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低,这是因为其强度较高。在干滑动条件下,随着 PV 值的变化,所有试样在 30 MPa-m/s 时的摩擦系数和比磨损率都最高。在油脂润滑条件下,随着 PV 值的变化,所有试样在 4 MPa-m/s 时的摩擦系数和特定磨损率都最大。在大多数实验条件下,添加润滑脂可改善 PA66 复合材料的摩擦和磨损。然而,在低 PV 值条件下,PA66 和 PA66 + 13% GF 在润滑脂润滑下的特定磨损率高于干滑动条件下的磨损率。这可能是由于润滑脂会降低 PA66 和 PA66 + 13% GF 的表面机械强度。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Humidity on the Wear Behavior of Graphene Under Current Carrying Conditions 湿度对载流条件下石墨烯磨损行为的影响
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01946-1
Qian Tang, Yuehua Huang, Deen Sun, Qunyang Li

Wear problem has become an important issue limiting the functionality and lifetime of sliding electrical contact components. Adding conductive solid lubricants is a potential means of improving the tribological performance of these devices. Graphene, a two-dimensional material with excellent electrical conductivity and lubrication property, has been proposed to be a promising candidate for such applications. However, the tribological performance graphene has been demonstrated to be very susceptible to humidity even under non-current-carrying conditions. In this work, we study the effect of humidity on the wear behavior of graphene in the sliding electrical contact interfaces. The tribological behaviors of graphene under 10%, 30%, 60%, and 90% relative humidity conditions and 1 A current are investigated. The results show that the humidity can effectively slow down the wear of graphene in the sliding electrical contact interface by two key mechanisms. Firstly, as revealed by the infrared temperature measurements, higher humidity can significantly reduce the Joule heating. Secondly, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that with the existence of the electric current, at high humidity water molecules can passivate the graphene carbon dangling bonds more readily thereby reducing oxidation and slowing down the wear process. At low humidity, Joule heating not only caused graphene to oxidize but also accelerated the evaporation of water molecules, which was not conducive to its passivation, resulting in severe wear of the graphene.

磨损问题已成为限制滑动电接触元件功能和使用寿命的一个重要问题。添加导电固体润滑剂是改善这些设备摩擦学性能的潜在方法。石墨烯是一种二维材料,具有优异的导电性和润滑性,被认为是此类应用的理想候选材料。然而,石墨烯的摩擦学性能已被证明非常容易受到湿度的影响,即使在非载流条件下也是如此。在这项工作中,我们研究了湿度对石墨烯在滑动电接触界面中磨损行为的影响。研究了石墨烯在 10%、30%、60% 和 90% 的相对湿度和 1 A 电流条件下的摩擦学行为。结果表明,湿度可以通过两种关键机制有效减缓石墨烯在滑动电接触界面中的磨损。首先,红外温度测量结果表明,较高的湿度可以显著降低焦耳热。其次,X 射线光电子能谱显示,在电流存在的情况下,高湿度下水分子更容易钝化石墨烯碳悬键,从而减少氧化,减缓磨损过程。而在低湿度条件下,焦耳加热不仅会导致石墨烯氧化,还会加速水分子的蒸发,不利于石墨烯的钝化,从而导致石墨烯严重磨损。
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引用次数: 0
Core–Shell Structured Silica Nanoparticles as Abrasive for Tungsten Chemical Mechanical Planarization 作为钨化学机械平面化研磨剂的核壳结构二氧化硅纳米粒子
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01931-8
Deng Pan, Gaoyuan Ren, Jingwei Zhang, Xiangyu Liu, Shudong Wang

Core–shell structured silica nanoparticles with different sizes were successfully prepared by the reaction between tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and the SiO2 core under a mild condition. The obtained silica nanoparticles have a unique structure with tight cores and loose shells, which showed superior performance during tungsten (W) chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process. The material removal rate (MRR) increased significantly from 763 to 1631 Å/min (with ~ 100 nm particles) while the surface roughness decreased from 1.802 to 1.252 nm. A series of characterization indicates that the superior performance of core–shell structured silica nanoparticles can be attributed to the formation of the irregular loose shell, increasing the mechanical friction during the W CMP process. Meanwhile, the loose shell structure can also contribute to the improvement of the wafer surface quality after CMP process. This work provides a new strategy for designing high-efficient abrasives for CMP process.

Graphical Abstract

在温和条件下,通过四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)与二氧化硅内核的反应,成功制备了不同尺寸的核壳结构二氧化硅纳米粒子。所制备的纳米二氧化硅具有独特的紧核松壳结构,在钨化学机械研磨(CMP)过程中表现出优异的性能。材料去除率(MRR)从 763 Å/min 显著提高到 1631 Å/min(颗粒大小约为 100 nm),而表面粗糙度则从 1.802 nm 降低到 1.252 nm。一系列表征结果表明,核壳结构二氧化硅纳米颗粒的优异性能可归因于不规则松散外壳的形成,从而增加了 W CMP 过程中的机械摩擦。同时,松散的外壳结构还有助于改善 CMP 工艺后的晶片表面质量。这项工作为设计用于 CMP 工艺的高效磨料提供了一种新策略。
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引用次数: 0
In-situ Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles in Olive Oil and Study of Their Tribological Properties as Vegetable Oil Additives 橄榄油中镍纳米颗粒的原位合成及其作为植物油添加剂的摩擦学特性研究
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01945-2
Wenya Xu, Guangbin Yang, Shengmao Zhang, Yujuan Zhang, Shuguang Fan, Laigui Yu, Pingyu Zhang

Vegetable oil-based lubricants have a tendency to replace traditional petroleum-based lubricants due to their biodegradability, high flash point, low volatility, and low cost. However, polar molecules such as fatty acids in vegetable oil compete for adsorption with nanoparticles during rubbing process, resulting in imperfect tribological performance of nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoadditives can be adsorbed on the contact surface of iron-based friction materials through magnetic effects, which provides a new idea for solving competitive adsorption problems between additives and base oil. In this study, Ni nanoparticles with a particle size of approximately 15.6 nm were synthesized in-situ in olive oil using nickel acetylacetone as the nickel source and olive oil as the modifier and solvent required for the reaction, which is a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly in-situ synthesis method. The as-synthesized Ni nanoparticles can significantly improve the antiwear capabilities of olive oil, reducing the wear scar diameter by 30%. The morphology and elemental analysis of wear scar indicated that a composite tribofilm including nickel, nickel oxide, iron oxide, carbon film, and polar fatty acid molecules in olive oil is formed on the rubbing surface, greatly improving the antiwear performance, which opens up an opportunity for the further application of new green nanolubricants.

植物油基润滑油具有生物降解性、高闪点、低挥发性和低成本等特点,因此有取代传统石油基润滑油的趋势。然而,植物油中的极性分子(如脂肪酸)在摩擦过程中会与纳米粒子竞争吸附,导致纳米粒子的摩擦学性能不佳。磁性纳米添加剂可以通过磁效应吸附在铁基摩擦材料的接触面上,这为解决添加剂与基础油之间的竞争吸附问题提供了新思路。本研究以乙酰丙酮镍为镍源,以橄榄油为改性剂和反应所需的溶剂,在橄榄油中原位合成了粒径约为 15.6 nm 的镍纳米粒子,这是一种简单、高效、环保的原位合成方法。合成的镍纳米粒子能显著提高橄榄油的抗磨损能力,使磨损痕直径减少 30%。磨损痕的形态和元素分析表明,在摩擦表面形成了包括镍、氧化镍、氧化铁、碳膜和橄榄油中极性脂肪酸分子在内的复合三膜,大大提高了抗磨性能,这为新型绿色纳米润滑剂的进一步应用提供了契机。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Synovial Fluid Constituents on Boundary Lubrication of Superficial Area of Articular Cartilage 滑液成分对关节软骨浅层边界润滑的影响
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01944-3
Wenxiao Li, Takehiro Morita, Yoshinori Sawae

In this study, the complementary lubricating function of the superficial area of the articular cartilage and synovial fluid (SF) constituents was examined. The cartilage specimens underwent two different degenerative treatments: gentle washing with detergent to remove lipids and proteins absorbed onto the cartilage surface and incubation in a NaCl solution to remove lubricin from the surface. Sliding experiments with a glass probe and cartilage specimens were conducted at various speeds and low contact loads using lubricants containing SF constituents, such as phospholipids, proteins, and hyaluronic acid (HA). The treated cartilage surface and protein adsorption were observed using a fluorescence microscope and water immersion objectives to explore the underlying mechanisms of the difference in friction. The results showed that fresh SF exhibited low friction even after degenerative treatment. HA and phospholipids had no boundary lubrication effect, whereas the lubricant containing albumin and γ-globulin maintained a consistently low coefficient of friction, even after degenerative treatment. The significance of the interaction between albumin and γ-globulin should be emphasized.

Graphical abstract

本研究考察了关节软骨表层区域和滑液(SF)成分的互补润滑功能。软骨标本经过了两种不同的退化处理:用洗涤剂轻洗以去除软骨表面吸收的脂质和蛋白质,在氯化钠溶液中培养以去除表面的润滑蛋白。使用含有 SF 成分(如磷脂、蛋白质和透明质酸 (HA))的润滑剂,以各种速度和低接触负荷对玻璃探针和软骨试样进行了滑动实验。使用荧光显微镜和水浸物镜观察处理过的软骨表面和蛋白质吸附情况,以探索摩擦力差异的内在机制。结果表明,即使经过退化处理,新鲜的 SF 也表现出较低的摩擦力。HA 和磷脂没有边界润滑效果,而含有白蛋白和 γ-球蛋白的润滑剂即使在变性处理后也能保持持续的低摩擦系数。应强调白蛋白和γ-球蛋白之间相互作用的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Sliding Viscoelastic Contacts: The Role of Adhesion, Boundary Conditions, and Finite Geometry 滑动粘弹性接触:附着力、边界条件和有限几何的作用
IF 2.9 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-024-01940-7
Luciano Afferrante, Guido Violano, Giuseppe P. Demelio

In this study, we investigate the tangential sliding of a rigid Hertzian indenter on a viscoelastic substrate, a problem of practical interest due to the crucial role that sliding contacts play in various applications involving soft materials. A finite element model is developed, where the substrate is modelled using a standard linear viscoelastic model with one relaxation time, and adhesion is incorporated using a Lennard–Jones potential law. We propose an innovative approach to model tangential sliding without imposing any lateral displacement, thereby enhancing the numerical efficiency. Our goal is to investigate the roles of adhesive regimes, boundary conditions (displacement and force-controlled conditions), and finite thickness of the substrate. Results indicate significant differences in the system’s behaviour depending on the boundary conditions and adhesion regime. In the short-range adhesion regime, the contact length (mathcal {L}) initially increases with sliding speed before decreasing, showing a maximum at intermediate speeds. This behaviour is consistent with experimental observations in rubber-like materials and is a result of the transition from small-scale to large-scale viscous dissipation regimes. For long-range adhesion, this behaviour disappears and (mathcal {L}) decreases monotonically with sliding speed. The viscoelastic friction coefficient (mu) exhibits a bell-shaped curve with its maximum value influenced by the applied load, both in long-range and short-range adhesion. However, under displacement control, (mu) can be unbounded near a specific sliding speed, correlating with the normal force crossing zero. Finally, a transition towards a long-range adhesive behaviour is observed when reducing the thickness t of the viscoelastic layer, which is assumed to be bonded to a rigid foundation. Moreover, the friction coefficient reduces when t tends to zero. These findings provide insights into the viscoelastic and adhesive interactions during sliding, highlighting the critical influence of boundary conditions on contact mechanics.

在本研究中,我们研究了刚性赫兹压头在粘弹性基体上的切向滑动问题,由于滑动接触在涉及软材料的各种应用中起着至关重要的作用,因此这是一个具有实际意义的问题。我们建立了一个有限元模型,其中基体采用标准线性粘弹性模型,有一个弛豫时间,粘附力采用 Lennard-Jones 势律。我们提出了一种创新方法来模拟切向滑动,而不施加任何横向位移,从而提高了数值效率。我们的目标是研究粘附状态、边界条件(位移和力控制条件)以及基底有限厚度的作用。结果表明,根据边界条件和粘附机制的不同,系统的行为也存在明显差异。在短程粘附机制中,接触长度最初随着滑动速度的增加而增加,然后减小,在中速时达到最大值。这种行为与类橡胶材料的实验观察结果一致,是小尺度粘滞耗散机制向大尺度粘滞耗散机制过渡的结果。对于长程粘附,这种行为消失了,并且 (mathcal {L}) 随着滑动速度单调地减小。粘弹性摩擦系数((mu))呈现出钟形曲线,其最大值受外加载荷的影响,在长程和短程粘附中都是如此。然而,在位移控制下,(mu)在特定滑动速度附近可能是无约束的,这与法向力过零有关。最后,当减小粘弹性层的厚度 t 时,可以观察到向长程粘附行为的过渡,粘弹性层被假定粘结在刚性地基上。此外,当 t 趋于零时,摩擦系数也会降低。这些发现深入揭示了滑动过程中粘弹性和粘性的相互作用,突出了边界条件对接触力学的重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
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