Applied Soil Ecology最新文献_第5页

Yield and nitrogen use efficiency jointly shape the soil microbial community and networks of pitaya orchards in Hainan, China 产量和氮素利用效率共同塑造了海南火龙果果园土壤微生物群落和网络

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106749

Jing Hu , Zhiliang Chen , Jie Ma , Meng Gu , Binghui Zhou , Haoxuan Jiang , Ying Zhang

Microorganisms are pivotal for soil health. However, few studies have examined how microbial communities and networks respond to the combined factors of crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which are critical indicators for sustainable agriculture that balance productivity and environmental concerns. To analyze the microbial communities and networks in relation to healthy soil under sustainable agricultural practices, we collected soil samples from six typical pitaya orchards in Hainan Province, China. The composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA and ITS regions, respectively, and the co-occurrence networks were constructed to evaluate the complexity and stability. High NUE was positively correlated with yield and microbial diversity, but negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available potassium. Soil bacterial networks displayed greater complexity in high-yield orchards, whereas fungal networks exhibited increased stability in low-yield orchards. Nutrient inputs varied among yield–NUE groups. The bacterial community exhibited higher diversity and complexity in the high yield–high NUE (HH) group and the low yield–high NUE group, whereas fungal diversity was similar in all groups. The relative abundance of specific bacterial phyla differed between the HH and the low yield–low NUE groups, whereas fungal abundance showed no significant variation. Soil bacterial networks showed significant differences in co-occurrence patterns among yield–NUE groups, with the HH group displaying higher complexity and cohesion. In contrast, fungal networks were consistent among all groups. The results highlight that HH agricultural practices, through the synergistic effect of high yield and high NUE, not only enhance pitaya productivity and nutrient uptake, but also improve the complexity of the soil microbial community and network. This enhancement has the potential to fortify soil–plant–microorganism interactions, thereby playing a crucial role in improving soil health and promoting sustainable agriculture.

微生物对土壤健康至关重要。然而，很少有研究调查微生物群落和网络如何响应作物产量和氮素利用效率（NUE）的综合因素，这是平衡生产力和环境问题的可持续农业的关键指标。为了分析可持续农业实践下与健康土壤相关的微生物群落和网络，我们采集了海南省6个典型火龙果果园的土壤样品。利用16S rRNA和ITS区域高通量测序分析土壤细菌和真菌群落组成，构建共现网络，评价共现网络的复杂性和稳定性。高氮肥利用效率与产量、微生物多样性呈正相关，与土壤有机碳、全氮、速效钾呈负相关。土壤细菌网络在高产果园表现出更大的复杂性，而真菌网络在低产果园表现出更高的稳定性。不同产量-氮肥利用率组的养分投入存在差异。高产量-高氮肥（HH）组和低产量-高氮肥（HH）组细菌群落的多样性和复杂性更高，而真菌多样性在所有组中相似。特定细菌门的相对丰度在低产量低氮肥组和低产量低氮肥组之间存在差异，而真菌丰度无显著差异。土壤细菌网络的共生模式在产量-氮肥组之间存在显著差异，HH组表现出更高的复杂性和凝聚力。相比之下，真菌网络在所有组中是一致的。结果表明，HH农业实践通过高产和高氮肥利用效率的协同效应，不仅提高了火龙果产量和养分吸收，而且改善了土壤微生物群落和网络的复杂性。这种增强有可能加强土壤-植物-微生物的相互作用，从而在改善土壤健康和促进可持续农业方面发挥关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Bamboo-sourced liquid microbial fertilizer improves soil quality and ecological multifunctionality via regulating microbial necromass carbon 竹源微生物液肥通过调节微生物坏死体碳，改善土壤质量和生态多功能

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106774

Qiaoling Li , Zhiyuan Huang , Fangyuan Bian , Zheke Zhong , Xiaoping Zhang

The carbon sequestration capacity of Moso bamboo plantations plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change and enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, the impacts of replacing chemical fertilizers with microbial fertilizers on soil nutrients and health remain poorly understood. Bamboo-sourced liquid microbial fertilizers (BLMFs), produced from bamboo growth-promoting bacteria and bamboo shoot processing wastewater, offer a promising replacement to chemical fertilizers for promoting SOC fixation. However, the mechanisms by which active microorganisms influence the formation and decomposition of microbial necromass carbon (MNC), a key indicator of soil quality assessment, remain poorly understood. This study conducted a field experiment in a Moso bamboo plantation to investigate the relationships between soil stoichiometry ratios, enzyme activities, MNC, soil quality index (SQI), and ecological multifunctionality (EMF) under three BLMF treatments: Bacillus subtilis ACP81 (ACP81), Terribacillus goriness CS3 (CS3), and mixed ACP81 + CS3 (A + C). The results showed that BLMF treatments significantly reduced pH, total nitrogen (TN), C-acquiring enzyme activity, and enzyme stoichiometry ratios (C:Neea, C:Peea). ACP81 and CS3 led to significant declines in SOC (14.01 % and 12.76 %) and MNC (15.81 % and 23.22 %) compared to CK, while A + C significantly increased SOC (14.38 %) and MNC (7.91 %; P < 0.05). Furthermore, A + C resulted in higher SQI and EMF values than ACP81 and CS3. Correlation analysis and random forests modeling identified MNC as the most important predictor of SQI and EMF. PLS-PM further revealed that BLMF treatments affected SQI directly by regulating MNC and EMF, and indirectly through changes in SOC, enzyme activities, and stoichiometry ratios. Overall, the combined BLMF application exhibited more positive impact on soil health development than single-strain treatments. MNC emerged as a critical indicator for soil quality assessment and should be incorporated into soil health evaluation frameworks.

毛竹人工林的固碳能力在减缓气候变化和提高土壤有机碳储量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，用微生物肥料代替化学肥料对土壤养分和健康的影响仍然知之甚少。竹源液体微生物肥料（BLMFs）是一种很有前景的替代化肥促进有机碳固定的肥料，它是由竹促生菌和竹笋加工废水合成的。然而，活性微生物影响微生物坏死团碳（MNC）形成和分解的机制（MNC是土壤质量评估的关键指标）仍然知之甚少。通过田间试验，研究了枯草芽孢杆菌ACP81 （ACP81）、土芽孢杆菌CS3 （CS3）和混合ACP81 + CS3 (a + C) 3种BLMF处理下毛竹人工林土壤化学计量比、酶活性、MNC、土壤质量指数（SQI）和生态多功能性（EMF）的关系。结果表明，BLMF处理显著降低了土壤pH、总氮（TN）、C-获取酶活性和酶化学计量比（C:Neea、C:Peea）。与对照相比，ACP81和CS3显著降低了SOC（14.01%和12.76%）和MNC(15.81%和23.22%)，而A + C显著提高了SOC（14.38%）和MNC （7.91%; P < 0.05）。此外，A + C导致SQI和EMF值高于ACP81和CS3。相关分析和随机森林模型表明MNC是SQI和EMF最重要的预测因子。PLS-PM进一步揭示了BLMF处理通过调节MNC和EMF直接影响SQI，并通过改变SOC、酶活性和化学计量比间接影响SQI。总体而言，与单株处理相比，BLMF联合施用对土壤健康发育的正向影响更大。跨国公司已成为土壤质量评价的关键指标，应纳入土壤健康评价框架。

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引用次数: 0

Slope aspect modulates elevational patterns of ground–dwelling arthropod alpha diversity, but not beta diversity 坡向调节地栖节肢动物α多样性的海拔格局，但不调节β多样性的海拔格局

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106786

Zhixia Guo , Rentao Liu , Marcelo Sternberg , Wenzhi Zhao

The north–south oriented Helan Mountain Range in northwestern China forms a pronounced climatic divide, with a relatively mesic desert steppe on its eastern slope and a hyper–arid desert on its western slope. How this sharp east–west contrast interacts with elevation to shape soil arthropod biodiversity remains poorly understood. Here, we examined elevational patterns of ground–dwelling arthropod alpha and beta diversity across six elevation bands (1400–2650 m) on both slopes. We reveal a clear scale–dependent decoupling between diversity components. Beta diversity increased consistently toward the summit on both slopes, indicating robust, elevation–driven species turnover largely insensitive to slope aspect. In contrast, alpha diversity showed strongly divergent patterns: a bimodal distribution on the eastern slope and a monotonic decline on the western slope, indicating that slope aspect acts as a key local filter for community assembly. Mechanistically, diversity on the eastern slope was jointly regulated by plant height and elevation-mediated changes in soil phosphorus and moisture, highlighting biotic-abiotic linkages. On the western slope, beta diversity was primarily driven by total soil nutrients and salinity, reflecting direct abiotic filtering under arid stress. Structural equation models confirmed that elevation influences arthropod diversity through distinct, slope–specific indirect pathways. By disentangling slope–dependent local assembly processes from slope–independent elevational turnover, this study advances understanding of how topography modulates biodiversity across spatial scales in arid mountains. Our findings underscore the necessity of slope–specific conservation strategies in north–south oriented mountain systems facing increasing climatic aridity and variability.

贺兰山位于中国西北部，南北走向，形成了明显的气候分水岭，东坡为相对中度的沙漠草原，西坡为极度干旱的沙漠。这种尖锐的东西对比如何与海拔相互作用来塑造土壤节肢动物的生物多样性仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了两个斜坡上6个海拔带（1400-2650 m）的地面生活节肢动物α和β多样性的海拔格局。我们揭示了多样性成分之间明显的尺度依赖解耦。在坡面和坡面上，Beta多样性均呈上升趋势，表明海拔驱动的物种更替对坡向不敏感。相反，α多样性表现出强烈的发散模式：东坡呈双峰分布，西坡呈单调下降，表明坡向对群落聚集起着关键的局部过滤作用。在机制上，东坡的多样性受植物高度和海拔介导的土壤磷和水分变化的共同调节，突出了生物-非生物的联系。在西坡，β多样性主要受土壤总养分和盐度的驱动，反映了干旱胁迫下的直接非生物过滤作用。结构方程模型证实，海拔通过不同的坡向间接途径影响节肢动物多样性。通过将依赖斜坡的局部组合过程与不依赖斜坡的海拔转换分离开来，本研究进一步了解了地形如何调节干旱山区不同空间尺度的生物多样性。我们的研究结果强调，面对日益严重的气候干旱和变异性，在南北导向的山地系统中，有必要采取针对特定坡度的保护策略。

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引用次数: 0

Soil fauna responses to land-use change are size-dependent and linked to soil compaction and organic matter 土壤动物对土地利用变化的响应取决于大小，并与土壤压实和有机质有关

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106794

Camila Pérez-Roig , Martín Videla , Verónica El Mujtar , María Laura Moreno , Andrea Cardozo , Pablo A. Tittonell

The conversion of natural ecosystems into agricultural land is a major driver of biodiversity loss globally. However, the effects on soil fauna are often unclear due the divergent responses among size classes, the influence of local conditions, and the use of broad land-use categories. Furthermore, the covariation of soil fauna and soil properties is rarely reported in the literature. Here, we assessed soil fauna in north-Patagonian forests across multiple land uses on six farms, including reference native forests, to evaluate changes across mesofauna, macroarthropods, and earthworms. We also evaluated community composition shifts and their covariation with key soil properties. Land use significantly affected soil fauna metrics, with differential effects across size classes. While cattle grazing had no significant effects, sheep grazing and seasonal crops led to significant declines in mesofauna density and macroarthropod density, biomass, and richness (up to 65 %). Conversely, these same systems showed increased earthworm density, biomass, and richness (up to 2.8-fold). Perennial crops supported higher macroarthropod and earthworm richness (40–70 %). Land use also drove increasing shifts in community composition across size classes. Bulk density and particulate organic matter contributed the most to the covariation between soil fauna and physicochemical properties for all size classes. Our findings demonstrate that land uses most detrimental to macroarthropods were the most beneficial to non-native earthworms. Additionally, they suggest that reducing sheep stocking rates is crucial to mitigate soil biodiversity loss in this region, while well-managed cattle grazing and perennial crops represent viable strategies to integrate food production and soil biodiversity conservation.

自然生态系统向农业用地的转变是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素。然而，对土壤动物的影响往往是不清楚的，因为不同大小类别的反应不同，当地条件的影响，以及广泛的土地利用类别的使用。此外，文献中很少报道土壤动物与土壤性质的共变。在这里，我们评估了北巴塔哥尼亚森林的土壤动物，包括六个农场的多种土地利用，包括参考原生森林，以评估中低等动物、大型节肢动物和蚯蚓的变化。我们还评估了群落组成变化及其与关键土壤性质的共变。土地利用显著影响土壤动物指标，不同大小类别的影响不同。放牧对中游动物密度、大型节肢动物密度、生物量和丰富度均有显著下降（降幅达65%），而放牧对中游动物密度和大型节肢动物密度无显著影响。相反，这些相同的系统显示蚯蚓密度，生物量和丰富度增加（高达2.8倍）。多年生作物支持较高的大型节肢动物和蚯蚓丰富度（40 - 70%）。土地利用也推动了不同规模的社区组成的不断变化。体积密度和颗粒有机质对土壤动物与理化性质的共变贡献最大。我们的研究结果表明，对大型节肢动物最有害的土地利用对非本地蚯蚓最有利。此外，他们认为降低羊的放养率对于缓解该地区土壤生物多样性的丧失至关重要，而管理良好的放牧和多年生作物是将粮食生产和土壤生物多样性保护结合起来的可行策略。

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引用次数: 0

Endophyte-derived synthetic microbial communities for sustainable agricultural practices: Enhancing crop productivity and disease suppression in pepper 内生源合成微生物群落用于可持续农业实践：提高辣椒作物生产力和病害抑制

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106767

Kaiheng Lu , Leigang Zhang , Jiahui Zhou , Qiuling Li , Xiangyang Yu , Changhong Liu

Microbial inoculants provide eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers, yet traditional single-strain formulations often face limitations in terms of functional diversity, ecological adaptability, and field performance. Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), consisting of multiple strains, offer a promising solution to these challenges. However, the impact of SynCom diversity on rhizosphere microbiome composition and plant performance remains underexplored. In this study, we screened 194 plant endophytic bacterial isolates for their ability to promote pepper plant growth and suppress Phytophthora capsici pathogen. Six dual-function bacterial strains were selected and randomly combined to form 57 SynComs, resulting in a total of 63 treatments with different diversity levels, which were tested in axenic pot assays. The results revealed that both disease suppression and plant growth promotion were strongly influenced by microbial community composition. Two SynComs, S13 (composed of P. chlororaphis L43, B. velezensis L150) and S63 (composed of P. chlororaphis L43, E. cloacae L68, P. mirabilis L71, P. aeruginosa L103, B. licheniformis L140, and B. velezensis L150), exhibited comparable effectiveness in enhancing growth and diseases suppression but differed in their diversity levels. Field trials confirmed that both SynComs improved pepper growth and soil health, with S13 outperforming S63 by increasing chili pepper yield by ~30 %, while also providing more significant and lasting improvements in fruit quality and soil characteristics. Rhizosphere microbiome analyses showed that S13 enriched beneficial microbial taxa and fostered a simpler network compared to S63. Integrated soil-plant-microbiome analyses indicated that these differences were driven by distinct shifts in the keystone taxa rhizosphere microbiota, shaped by SynCom diversity. This study highlights the critical role of microbial community diversity in optimizing plant growth and soil health, offering valuable insights into how tailored SynComs can enhance agricultural sustainability and performance.

微生物接种剂提供了化学肥料的环保替代品，但传统的单菌种配方在功能多样性、生态适应性和田间性能方面往往面临限制。由多种菌株组成的合成微生物群落（SynComs）为应对这些挑战提供了一个有希望的解决方案。然而，SynCom多样性对根际微生物组组成和植物生产性能的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们筛选了194株植物内生细菌，对其促进辣椒植株生长和抑制辣椒疫霉病原菌的能力进行了研究。选择6株双功能菌株，随机组合形成57株SynComs，共63种不同多样性水平的处理，进行无菌盆栽试验。结果表明，微生物群落组成对病害抑制和植物生长促进均有重要影响。两种SynComs， S13（由绿皮假单胞菌L43、扁豆假单胞菌L150组成）和S63（由绿皮假单胞菌L43、阴沟假单胞菌L68、奇异假单胞菌L71、铜绿假单胞菌L103、地衣假单胞菌L140和扁豆假单胞菌L150组成）在促进生长和抑制疾病方面表现出相当的效果，但在多样性水平上存在差异。田间试验证实，这两种SynComs都改善了辣椒生长和土壤健康，其中S13比S63的辣椒产量提高了约30%，同时在果实品质和土壤特性方面也提供了更显著和持久的改善。根际微生物组分析表明，与S63相比，S13丰富了有益微生物类群，形成了更简单的网络。土壤-植物-微生物组综合分析表明，这些差异是由根际微生物群的明显变化驱动的，而根际微生物群的变化是由SynCom多样性塑造的。该研究强调了微生物群落多样性在优化植物生长和土壤健康方面的关键作用，为量身定制的SynComs如何提高农业可持续性和绩效提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular mechanisms of Burkholderia spp.-mediated crop protection against soil-borne fungi 伯克氏菌介导的作物保护抗土传真菌的分子机制

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106776

Mohammad Shahid , Mohammad Danish , Zaryab Shafi

Soil-borne fungal phytopathogens severely threaten crop productivity. The overreliance on chemical fungicides is increasingly unsustainable due to resistance, ecological impact, and regulatory constraints. Beneficial Burkholderia spp. have emerged as promising biocontrol agent owing to their multifaceted antifungal strategies, including production of metabolites (pyrrolnitrin, cepacin, occidiofungin), siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes, and volatile organic compounds, as well as activation of induced systemic resistance in plants. Recent omics studies have elucidated the genetic and metabolic foundations of these mechanisms, revealing systems-level insights into Burkholderia–plant–pathogen interactions. CRISPR-based genome editing further enables functional dissection of key biosynthetic genes and rational engineering for safer, and more efficient strains. Transcriptional analyses highlight dynamic regulatory networks and coordinate microbial and host responses during fungal attack. The review integrates omics-driven discoveries, CRISPR applications, and transcriptional dynamics to define the molecular basis of Burkholderia-mediated crop protection, emphasizing their potential for sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture.

土壤传播的真菌植物病原体严重威胁作物生产力。由于耐药性、生态影响和监管限制，对化学杀菌剂的过度依赖越来越不可持续。有益的伯克氏菌具有多方面的抗真菌策略，包括产生代谢物（硝基吡啶、cepacin、球霉素）、铁载体、水解酶和挥发性有机化合物，以及激活植物诱导的全身抗性，因此成为有前途的生物防治剂。最近的组学研究已经阐明了这些机制的遗传和代谢基础，揭示了伯克霍尔德菌-植物-病原体相互作用的系统级见解。基于crispr的基因组编辑进一步实现了关键生物合成基因的功能解剖和合理的工程设计，以获得更安全、更高效的菌株。转录分析强调动态调控网络和协调微生物和宿主在真菌攻击期间的反应。该综述整合了组学驱动的发现、CRISPR应用和转录动力学，以确定伯克霍尔德菌介导的作物保护的分子基础，强调了它们在可持续和气候适应型农业中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Precipitation alters the microbial necromass carbon contribution to soil organic carbon in a desert shrub ecosystem 降水改变荒漠灌木生态系统微生物坏死体碳对土壤有机碳的贡献

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106775

Hongwei Xu , Rentao Liu , Yanfu Bai , Jordi Sardans , Josep Peñuelas

Precipitation is a limiting factor for processes and functions within fragile ecosystems. However, how microbial necromass carbon (C) and soil organic carbon (SOC) respond to precipitation changes remains unclear. Through a literature review (64 published data points) and a decreased (PP−20 %, PP−40 %, and PP−60 %) and increased (PP + 20 %, PP + 40 %, and PP + 60 %) precipitation field experiments in a desert shrub ecosystem, this study aimed to examine microbial necromass C changes, their relative contributions to SOC, and the driving mechanisms during precipitation changes. The experimental data revealed that SOC, bacterial necromass C, fungal necromass C, microbial necromass C, and microbial necromass C/SOC increased with increasing PP+ and that a 40 % increase in precipitation was the threshold for increasing SOC in desert shrub ecosystems. The SOC under PP+ was, on average, 25 % higher than that under PP−, largely because of microbial necromass C accumulation (78 %). A literature review revealed that fungal and microbial necromass C were 32 % and 19 % higher under PP+, respectively, and that SOC and fungal necromass C were 9 % and 18 % lower under PP−, respectively, than under natural precipitation. Higher soil water content, total nitrogen, and soil microbial activity under PP+ than under PP− increased microbial growth and resource utilization, resulting in microbial necromass C accumulation. This study emphasized that, compared with natural precipitation, PP− and PP+ reduced and promoted microbial necromass C accumulation and its contribution to SOC accumulation, respectively.

降水是脆弱生态系统过程和功能的限制因素。然而，微生物坏死体碳(C)和土壤有机碳（SOC）如何响应降水变化尚不清楚。通过文献综述（64个已发表数据点）和降水减少（PP - 20%、PP - 40%和PP - 60%）和降水增加（PP + 20%、PP + 40%和PP + 60%）的野外试验，探讨了荒漠灌丛生态系统降水变化过程中微生物死亡质量C的变化、它们对有机碳的相对贡献以及驱动机制。结果表明，土壤有机碳、细菌坏死质C、真菌坏死质C、微生物坏死质C和微生物坏死质C/有机碳均随PP+的增加而增加，且降水量增加40%是荒漠灌木生态系统有机碳增加的阈值。在PP+条件下，土壤有机碳平均比PP−条件下高25%，这主要是由于微生物坏死团C的积累（78%）。文献分析表明，与自然降水相比，PP+条件下真菌和微生物坏死团C分别增加32%和19%，而PP−条件下有机碳和真菌坏死团C分别减少9%和18%。PP+处理下土壤含水量、全氮含量和微生物活性均高于PP−处理，促进了微生物生长和资源利用，导致微生物坏死物C积累。本研究强调，与自然降水相比，PP−和PP+分别减少和促进微生物坏死团块C积累及其对有机碳积累的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Soil and microbial stoichiometry shape microbial necromass carbon accrual in topsoil and subsoil across tree species diversity 土壤和微生物化学计量学决定了不同树种的表层土壤和底土微生物坏死体碳积累

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106737

Yulin Zhang , Zongran Hao , Xiangrong Cheng

Changes in soil and microbial elemental stoichiometry regulate microbial metabolic processes, thereby influencing soil microbial necromass carbon (C) accumulation in forest ecosystems. Tree species diversity can influence soil and microbial elemental stoichiometry by modifying the litter properties and nutrients availability. However, how stoichiometric changes regulate microbial necromass C accrual across soil profiles along diversity gradients remains unclear. We investigated bacterial and fungal microbial necromass C fractions and their contributions to soil organic carbon (SOC) and C:nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in bulk soil, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzymes. We also assessed microbial traits (e.g., biomass and C-use efficiency) in the topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (40–50 cm) along a tree species diversity gradient in subtropical forests. We found that increasing tree species diversity significantly enhanced microbial necromass C content and its contributions to SOC in the topsoil, but had little effect on the subsoil. In the topsoil, tree species diversity altered available soil nutrient, microbial biomass, and enzymatic stoichiometry. The increased accumulation of microbial necromass C was mainly driven by increased microbial biomass, facilitated by higher microbial C-use efficiency and improved nutrient availability. In contrast, in the subsoil, increased total soil nutrients and microbial biomass C:P ratios along tree species diversity gradients enhanced microbial biomass, but were not significantly associated with microbial necromass C production. The limited variation in subsoil microbial necromass C may be attributable to the microbial recycle of necromass under low nutrient conditions (e.g., limited P). Overall, our findings demonstrate that the effect of tree species diversity on microbial necromass C accrual is depth-dependent, mediated by shifts in microbial elemental demands through altered substrate availability and enzymatic investment strategies. This stoichiometric framework provides new insights into how tree diversity shapes microbial necromass C dynamics across soil profiles in forest ecosystems.

土壤和微生物元素化学计量的变化调节微生物代谢过程，从而影响森林生态系统中土壤微生物坏死块碳(C)的积累。树种多样性可以通过改变凋落物性质和养分有效性来影响土壤和微生物元素化学计量。然而，化学计量学变化如何沿着多样性梯度调节微生物坏死体C在土壤剖面上的累积尚不清楚。研究了细菌和真菌微生物坏死团块C组分及其对土壤有机碳（SOC）和C：氮(N)：磷(P)化学计量、微生物生物量和细胞外酶的贡献。我们还沿着树种多样性梯度评估了亚热带森林表层土壤（0-10 cm）和底土（40-50 cm）的微生物性状（如生物量和碳利用效率）。结果表明，增加树种多样性可显著提高表层土壤微生物坏死体C含量及其对有机碳的贡献，但对底土影响不大。在表层土壤中，树种多样性改变了土壤有效养分、微生物生物量和酶化学计量。微生物坏死块C积累的增加主要是由于微生物生物量的增加，以及微生物C利用效率的提高和养分有效性的提高。相反，在底土中，土壤总养分和微生物生物量C:P比值沿树种多样性梯度增加，微生物生物量增加，但与微生物坏死块C产量无显著相关。土壤下微生物坏死块C变化有限可能是由于在低营养条件下（如磷含量有限）微生物对坏死块的循环。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，树种多样性对微生物坏死块C累积的影响是深度依赖的，通过改变底物可用性和酶投资策略来调节微生物元素需求的变化。这一化学计量学框架为树木多样性如何影响森林生态系统土壤剖面中微生物坏死体C动力学提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

The microbial mechanism of the impact of grazing degradation on the soil multifunctionality of the hummock wetland on the riverscape 放牧退化对河景丘陵湿地土壤多功能性影响的微生物机制

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106785

Xiaoai Cao , Huamin Liu , Rui Zhang , Yunhao Wen , Shan Jiang , Zhichao Xu , Lu Wen , Yi Zhuo , Dongwei Liu , Ke Yu , Lixin Wang

The hummock-hollow microtopography of riparian wetlands is crucial for maintaining soil multifunctionality (SMF) by shaping heterogeneous hydrological and nutrient gradients, but long-term overgrazing is leading to a significant degradation of this feature on the riverscape. In this study, the undegraded and grazing degraded hummock wetlands of the Morigele River in Hulun Buir were selected. The physical and chemical properties of the soil, SMF index, microbial community, and function were comprehensively determined to reveal the regulatory mechanism of microtopography and degradation on SMF. The results showed that grazing degradation significantly reduced the storage of SOC, DOC, TP, AP, and other nutrients in hummock soil, weakening the hummock-hollow difference in SMF and resulting in riverscape homogenization. Grazing degradation significantly suppressed the α-diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in hummock soils, while the hollow changed slightly. The genes of carbon fixation (mcl, hycB), aerobic respiration (coxAC), methane metabolism (mcrA), and organic P mineralization (phoA, glpR, phnW, phnA) were enriched in the undegraded plots, while the genes of carbon decomposition (MAN2C1, K01179, K01224, cbhA, K01185, MAN, gmuG), denitrification (nirK, nosZ), and P starvation response regulation (phoR) were significantly enriched in the degraded plots, and the microtopography amplified the functional differences. Random forests with PLS-PM modeling confirmed that soil microbial function was significant predictors of SMF. Grazing degradation indirectly weakens SMF through a cascading path of “soil properties-microbial functions-SMF”. Microtopography maintains SMF through dual pathways of directly regulating element distribution and indirectly shaping microbial functions. The core mechanism for the decline of SMF in hummock wetlands is homogenization of microtopography because of grazing degradation, accompanied by the imbalance of “resource-biological” synergy. Restoration should first reshape the nutrient gradient of hummock-hollow and then activate key microbial functional groups to achieve the synergistic improvement of riverscape multifunctionality and ecological resilience.

河岸湿地的丘形-空心微地形通过塑造异质水文和养分梯度对维持土壤多功能性（SMF）至关重要，但长期的过度放牧导致这一特征在河流景观上的严重退化。本研究选择呼伦贝尔莫里格勒河未退化和放牧退化的丘状湿地。综合测定土壤理化性质、SMF指数、微生物群落和功能，揭示微地形及其对SMF降解的调控机制。结果表明：放牧退化显著降低了丘陵区土壤SOC、DOC、TP、AP等养分的库存量，减弱了丘陵区土壤土壤肥力的差异，导致河景均一化；放牧退化显著抑制了丘陵土壤细菌和真菌群落的α-多样性，而空心区变化不大。固定碳（mcl, hycB）、有氧呼吸（coxAC）、甲烷代谢（mcrA）和有机磷矿化（phoA, glpR, phnW, phnA）基因在未降解样地富集，而碳分解（MAN2C1, K01179, K01224, cbhA, K01185， MAN, gmuG）、反硝化（nirK, nosZ）和磷饥饿反应调节（phoR）基因在退化样地显著富集，微地形放大了功能差异。随机森林PLS-PM模型证实土壤微生物功能是SMF的重要预测因子。放牧退化通过“土壤性质-微生物功能-土壤肥力”的级联路径间接削弱土壤肥力。微地形通过直接调节元素分布和间接塑造微生物功能的双重途径维持SMF。驼峰湿地SMF减少的核心机制是放牧退化导致的微地形均质化，并伴有“资源-生物”协同作用的不平衡。修复应首先重塑丘陵区的养分梯度，然后激活关键的微生物功能群，实现河景多功能性和生态弹性的协同提升。

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引用次数: 0

Agricultural and socio-ecological benefits of reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer and using organic amendments: a sugar beet case study in China's black soil region 减少化学氮肥和使用有机改良剂的农业和社会生态效益：以中国黑土地区甜菜为例

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106782

Yunlong Guo , Xiaochen Lin , Muhammad Faheem Adil , Muhammad Ishfaq , Muhammad Riaz , Shafaque Sehar , Songlin Yang , Yan Wang , Zhishan Yan , Baiquan Song

The excessive application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in China's sugar beet production has led to resource waste and environmental pollution. The effects of reducing these fertilizers and substituting organic resources on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) farmland in the black soil region remain uncertain. Therefore, we conducted two-year field experiments at two sites in the black soil region (2022−2023) to evaluate nitrogen reduction schemes of 20 % and 40 %, supplemented by the substitution of organic resources (soybean straw, poultry manure, and organic fertilizer). The results indicated that, compared to conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer, a 20 % reduction in nitrogen fertilizer application rates led to attenuated soil organic matter (SOM) content and enzyme activity. The 20 % organic substitution treatment (using soybean straw, poultry manure, and organic fertilizer) resulted in an surge in greenhouse gas emissions (N₂O and CO₂e) ranging from 0.74 to 9.22 %, and the soil quality index improved significantly (10.64–19.15 %). The yield of sugar beet root increased by 3.78–12.36 %. This led to significant enhancements in profit (13.40–128.91 %), ecological (45.85–192.90 %), and social benefits (46.03–194.04 %). Furthermore, the 20 % organic substitution treatment (with soybean straw and poultry manure) enhanced the growth of Sphingomonas and Bradyrhizobium and increased the proportion of positive interactions within the microbial co-occurrence network. In summary, the 20 % organic substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer (CNF) enhanced sugar beet production at both experimental sites, promoting soil health in China's black soil region. This approach supports sustainable sugar beet cultivation and the conservation of black soil resources.

中国甜菜生产中过量施用化学氮肥，造成了资源浪费和环境污染。黑土区甜菜田减量施用和有机资源替代的效果尚不确定。因此，我们在黑土区（2022 - 2023）的两个地点进行了为期两年的田间试验，以评估20%和40%的氮减排方案，并辅以有机资源（大豆秸秆、禽粪和有机肥）的替代。结果表明，与常规化学氮肥相比，氮肥施用量减少20%会导致土壤有机质（SOM）含量和酶活性降低。20%的有机替代处理（大豆秸秆、禽粪和有机肥）使温室气体（N2O和CO2e）排放量增加0.74% ~ 9.22%，土壤质量指数显著改善（10.64 ~ 19.15%）。甜菜根产量提高3.78 ~ 12.36%。效益（13.40 ~ 128.91%）、生态效益（45.85 ~ 192.90%）和社会效益（46.03 ~ 194.04%）显著提高。此外，20%的有机替代处理（大豆秸秆和禽粪）促进了鞘氨单胞菌和缓生根瘤菌的生长，并增加了微生物共生网络中正相互作用的比例。综上所述，20%有机替代化学氮肥（CNF）提高了两个试验点的甜菜产量，促进了中国黑土地区的土壤健康。这种方法支持甜菜的可持续种植和黑土资源的保护。

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引用次数: 0