Panama disease (Fusarium wilt of banana), which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (FocTR4), is the most devastating threat to banana production. The retention of crop residues enhances disease suppression in banana rotation systems. We performed quantitative PCR and MiSeq sequencing to investigate the effects of crop residues on soil microbial communities and to assess the suppressive impacts of residue extracts on FocTR4. Pepper and eggplant residues significantly reduced Panama disease incidence (DI) and FocTR4 abundance. The incorporation of pepper residue as a soil amendment reduced the DI to <20 % in the second pot experiment, indicating sustained disease suppression. Residue extracts confirmed the residue inhibitory effects. The pepper and eggplant residues increased the bacterial copy number and decreased the fungal copy number in the amended soil. Pepper residues enhanced soil microbial richness and diversity more than eggplant and banana residues did. The microbial communities of the pepper and eggplant residues were similar but distinct from those of the banana residues and controls, with differences between the rhizosphere and bulk soil communities. Structural equation modeling identified available phosphorus as a key mediator linking residue inputs to pathogen suppression via the enrichment of key soil taxa. Pepper (OTU180_Rhizomicrobium) and eggplant (OTU187_Gp4) residues promoted key microbes, exerted antagonistic effects on FocTR4, and reduced DI. Overall, these findings establish crop residue management as an effective strategy for sustainable banana cultivation, thus overcoming continuous cropping challenges through key taxa-mediated disease suppression.
香蕉枯萎病（Fusarium wilt of banana）是由古巴枯萎病（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）热带小种4 （FocTR4）引起的，是对香蕉生产最具破坏性的威胁。作物残茬的保留增强了香蕉轮作系统对病害的抑制作用。我们通过定量PCR和MiSeq测序来研究作物残茬对土壤微生物群落的影响，并评估残茬提取物对FocTR4的抑制作用。辣椒和茄子残留显著降低了巴拿马病发病率（DI）和fotr4丰度。在第二次盆栽试验中，加入辣椒渣作为土壤改良剂使DI降低至20%，表明病害得到持续抑制。残渣提取物证实了残渣抑制作用。在改良土壤中，辣椒和茄子残留增加了细菌拷贝数，降低了真菌拷贝数。辣椒残渣对土壤微生物丰富度和多样性的促进作用强于茄子和香蕉残渣。辣椒和茄子的微生物群落与香蕉和对照相似，但存在差异，根际和块土之间存在差异。结构方程模型表明，有效磷是通过土壤关键分类群的富集将残留输入与病原体抑制联系起来的关键媒介。辣椒（otu180_rhizzomicroum）和茄子（OTU187_Gp4）残基对关键微生物有促进作用，对FocTR4有拮抗作用，降低DI。总之，这些发现确立了作物残茬管理是香蕉可持续种植的有效策略，从而通过关键分类群介导的疾病抑制来克服连作挑战。
{"title":"Enhancing banana health with key antagonistic taxa by crop residue-driven strategies","authors":"Shan Hong , Xianfu Yuan , Zhongjun Jia , Yunze Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Panama disease (<em>Fusarium</em> wilt of banana), which is caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>cubense</em> tropical race 4 (<em>Foc</em>TR4), is the most devastating threat to banana production. The retention of crop residues enhances disease suppression in banana rotation systems. We performed quantitative PCR and MiSeq sequencing to investigate the effects of crop residues on soil microbial communities and to assess the suppressive impacts of residue extracts on <em>Foc</em>TR4. Pepper and eggplant residues significantly reduced Panama disease incidence (DI) and <em>Foc</em>TR4 abundance. The incorporation of pepper residue as a soil amendment reduced the DI to <20 % in the second pot experiment, indicating sustained disease suppression. Residue extracts confirmed the residue inhibitory effects. The pepper and eggplant residues increased the bacterial copy number and decreased the fungal copy number in the amended soil. Pepper residues enhanced soil microbial richness and diversity more than eggplant and banana residues did. The microbial communities of the pepper and eggplant residues were similar but distinct from those of the banana residues and controls, with differences between the rhizosphere and bulk soil communities. Structural equation modeling identified available phosphorus as a key mediator linking residue inputs to pathogen suppression via the enrichment of key soil taxa. Pepper (OTU180_<em>Rhizomicrobium</em>) and eggplant (OTU187_<em>Gp4</em>) residues promoted key microbes, exerted antagonistic effects on <em>Foc</em>TR4, and reduced DI. Overall, these findings establish crop residue management as an effective strategy for sustainable banana cultivation, thus overcoming continuous cropping challenges through key taxa-mediated disease suppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106092
Pengfei Li , Zirong Kong , Yiwei Bai , Wenjiang Fu , Yulong Li , Qiao Guo , Hangxian Lai
Despite the critical role of microorganisms in soil carbon cycling, studies on the biogeography and assembly of carbon cycling functional traits and taxonomic groups in farmland ecosystems remain limited. Here, we collected soil from typical crop-growing areas in Shaanxi Province, China, including rapeseed (southern Shaanxi), wheat (Guanzhong area), and potato (northern Shaanxi) fields, to explore the distribution, assembly, and influencing factors of soil carbon-cycling microbial communities in farmland ecosystems. Distance-decay relationships were observed for both functional traits and taxonomic groups. Latitudinal diversity gradients were prominent for taxonomic groups but scarce for functional traits. The effects of environmental variables on functional and taxonomic community composition were slightly more influential than those of geographic distance. Functional traits and taxonomic groups are shaped by the same set of environmental factors, primarily mean annual temperature and precipitation, and soil pH. Neutral community and null model analyses demonstrated that stochastic processes predominantly governed the assembly of functional and taxonomic communities. Mean annual precipitation, functional trait composition, and microbial community composition also prominently affected the assembly of functional and taxonomic communities. Untargeted metabolomics identified strong associations between key carbon-cycling microbial taxa (e.g., Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimonadetes) and soil metabolite accumulation, including positive correlations with lipids, saccharides, and alcohols. The results broaden our understanding of microbially-driven soil carbon cycling. The findings underscore the need to consider both functional and taxonomic dimensions when managing soil microbiome-mediated carbon sequestration in agroecosystems.
{"title":"Functional and taxonomic biogeographical patterns of carbon-cycling microbial communities in farmland ecosystems of Shaanxi Province, China","authors":"Pengfei Li , Zirong Kong , Yiwei Bai , Wenjiang Fu , Yulong Li , Qiao Guo , Hangxian Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the critical role of microorganisms in soil carbon cycling, studies on the biogeography and assembly of carbon cycling functional traits and taxonomic groups in farmland ecosystems remain limited. Here, we collected soil from typical crop-growing areas in Shaanxi Province, China, including rapeseed (southern Shaanxi), wheat (Guanzhong area), and potato (northern Shaanxi) fields, to explore the distribution, assembly, and influencing factors of soil carbon-cycling microbial communities in farmland ecosystems. Distance-decay relationships were observed for both functional traits and taxonomic groups. Latitudinal diversity gradients were prominent for taxonomic groups but scarce for functional traits. The effects of environmental variables on functional and taxonomic community composition were slightly more influential than those of geographic distance. Functional traits and taxonomic groups are shaped by the same set of environmental factors, primarily mean annual temperature and precipitation, and soil pH. Neutral community and null model analyses demonstrated that stochastic processes predominantly governed the assembly of functional and taxonomic communities. Mean annual precipitation, functional trait composition, and microbial community composition also prominently affected the assembly of functional and taxonomic communities. Untargeted metabolomics identified strong associations between key carbon-cycling microbial taxa (e.g., Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Gemmatimonadetes) and soil metabolite accumulation, including positive correlations with lipids, saccharides, and alcohols. The results broaden our understanding of microbially-driven soil carbon cycling. The findings underscore the need to consider both functional and taxonomic dimensions when managing soil microbiome-mediated carbon sequestration in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106090
Jianying Fu , Yuyuan Pu , Songwei Shi , Junke Zhang , Shuang Cao , Xu Xu , Wentao Jiao , Mingxiu Zhan
With the increasing excavation of landfills, the safe disposal of humus soil contaminated with heavy metals has become an urgent environmental challenge. This study developed a novel fly ash-based material (PHB-FA), modified with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, and biochar, to enhance the stabilization of heavy metals in landfill humus soil. Compared to unmodified fly ash, PHB-FA significantly improved stabilization efficiency due to its optimized composition and enlarged surface area. At the optimized mass ratio of KH₂PO₄:HA:BC (4.7:1.0:3.0) and a dosage of 5 %, PHB-FA reduced the leaching toxicity of Cd, Zn, and Pb in prepared humus soil by 87.60 %, 92.36 %, and 99.76 %, respectively. The transformation of heavy metals from exchangeable to more stable residual forms markedly decreased ecological risks. Mechanism analysis revealed that pozzolanic reactions produced stable hydration products (AFt and C-(A)-S-H), while metal phosphate precipitation further minimized heavy metal leaching. Finally, PHB-FA was applied to actual landfill humus soil, effectively reducing leachable heavy metal concentrations to within regulatory limits. These findings demonstrate the superior performance and long-term stability of PHB-FA in heavy metal stabilization. The material shows great potential for large-scale landfill applications, offering environmental benefits and engineering feasibility for the resource utilization and safe disposal of contaminated humus soil.
随着填埋场开挖量的不断增加，重金属污染腐殖质土壤的安全处理已成为迫在眉睫的环境挑战。研究了一种新型粉煤灰基材料（PHB-FA），该材料经磷酸二氢钾、腐植酸和生物炭改性，可增强垃圾填埋场腐殖质土壤中重金属的稳定性。与未改性粉煤灰相比，PHB-FA组分优化，表面积增大，稳定效率显著提高。在KH₂PO₄：HA:BC的最佳质量比（4.7:1.0:3.0）和投加量为5%的条件下，PHB-FA对制备的腐殖质土壤中Cd、Zn和Pb的浸出毒性分别降低了87.60%、92.36%和99.76%。重金属从可交换态向更稳定的残留态转化，显著降低了生态风险。机理分析表明，火山灰反应产生稳定的水化产物（AFt和C-(A)- s - h），而金属磷酸盐的沉淀进一步减少了重金属的浸出。最后，将PHB-FA应用于实际的垃圾填埋场腐殖质土壤中，有效地将可浸出重金属浓度降低到法规限制范围内。这些发现证明了PHB-FA在重金属稳定中的优越性能和长期稳定性。该材料具有大规模填埋场应用的潜力，为污染腐殖质土壤的资源化利用和安全处置提供了环境效益和工程可行性。
{"title":"Analysis of the effect and mechanism of heavy metals in stabilized landfill humus soil using fly ash-based materials","authors":"Jianying Fu , Yuyuan Pu , Songwei Shi , Junke Zhang , Shuang Cao , Xu Xu , Wentao Jiao , Mingxiu Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing excavation of landfills, the safe disposal of humus soil contaminated with heavy metals has become an urgent environmental challenge. This study developed a novel fly ash-based material (PHB-FA), modified with potassium dihydrogen phosphate, humic acid, and biochar, to enhance the stabilization of heavy metals in landfill humus soil. Compared to unmodified fly ash, PHB-FA significantly improved stabilization efficiency due to its optimized composition and enlarged surface area. At the optimized mass ratio of KH₂PO₄:HA:BC (4.7:1.0:3.0) and a dosage of 5 %, PHB-FA reduced the leaching toxicity of Cd, Zn, and Pb in prepared humus soil by 87.60 %, 92.36 %, and 99.76 %, respectively. The transformation of heavy metals from exchangeable to more stable residual forms markedly decreased ecological risks. Mechanism analysis revealed that pozzolanic reactions produced stable hydration products (AFt and C-(A)-S-H), while metal phosphate precipitation further minimized heavy metal leaching. Finally, PHB-FA was applied to actual landfill humus soil, effectively reducing leachable heavy metal concentrations to within regulatory limits. These findings demonstrate the superior performance and long-term stability of PHB-FA in heavy metal stabilization. The material shows great potential for large-scale landfill applications, offering environmental benefits and engineering feasibility for the resource utilization and safe disposal of contaminated humus soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106061
Jing Wang, Meng Zhu, Xiaoya Zhu, Qiangqiang Zhang, Yongchao Yu, Peng Zhao, Ming Liu, Rong Jin, Zhonghou Tang
Biomass-derived nano carbon dots (CDs) application and sweetpotato (SP) planting can alter soil microbial community structure. However, the impact of these treatments on soil microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and associated mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we combined pot experiments and laboratory analyses to assess soil physicochemical properties, microbial community characteristics, metabolic enzyme activity and multivariate correlations, aiming to explore the determinants of soil MNC accumulation in Vertisol following CDs application and SP planting. The results showed inconsistent effects of CDs application on soil bacterial and fungal necromass C content. Although CDs application increased bacterial richness and the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria in the absence of SP planting, it failed to enhance bacterial necromass C accumulation. In contrast, CDs application improved soil fungal necromass C content regardless of SP planting. Besides directly increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, both CDs application and SP planting enhanced the contributions of fungal necromass C to SOC. However, SP planting neither increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) nor altered the compound contents in DOC solution. Extracellular enzymes related to C-cycling (e.g., β-α-cellobiohydrolase and β-1,4-xylosidase) also significantly diminished under SP planting without CDs application. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) identified distinct bacterial and fungal genera between the CDs application and SP planting treatments. Structural equation models (SEMs) revealed that the reduced accumulation of bacterial necromass C was primarily driven by increased β-1,4-glucosidase activity and shifted in bacterial community composition, which limited microbial substrate utilization and growth. The increased fungal necromass C accumulation was attributed to altering fungal community structure and decreasing α-diversity, which promoted necromass formation through sequential assimilation, synthesis, and turnover of CDs and SP carbon inputs. These results highlight the differential responses of bacterial and fungal necromass accumulation to CDs application and SP planting, providing novel insights into the regulatory roles of nano CDs and plant-microbe interactions in SOC sequestration processes in Vertisol.
{"title":"Divergent effects of biomass-derived carbon dots application and sweetpotato planting on accumulations of soil microbial necromass carbon in Vertisol","authors":"Jing Wang, Meng Zhu, Xiaoya Zhu, Qiangqiang Zhang, Yongchao Yu, Peng Zhao, Ming Liu, Rong Jin, Zhonghou Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass-derived nano carbon dots (CDs) application and sweetpotato (SP) planting can alter soil microbial community structure. However, the impact of these treatments on soil microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and associated mechanisms remains unclear. In this study, we combined pot experiments and laboratory analyses to assess soil physicochemical properties, microbial community characteristics, metabolic enzyme activity and multivariate correlations, aiming to explore the determinants of soil MNC accumulation in Vertisol following CDs application and SP planting. The results showed inconsistent effects of CDs application on soil bacterial and fungal necromass C content. Although CDs application increased bacterial richness and the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria in the absence of SP planting, it failed to enhance bacterial necromass C accumulation. In contrast, CDs application improved soil fungal necromass C content regardless of SP planting. Besides directly increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, both CDs application and SP planting enhanced the contributions of fungal necromass C to SOC. However, SP planting neither increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) nor altered the compound contents in DOC solution. Extracellular enzymes related to C-cycling (e.g., β-α-cellobiohydrolase and β-1,4-xylosidase) also significantly diminished under SP planting without CDs application. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) identified distinct bacterial and fungal genera between the CDs application and SP planting treatments. Structural equation models (SEMs) revealed that the reduced accumulation of bacterial necromass C was primarily driven by increased β-1,4-glucosidase activity and shifted in bacterial community composition, which limited microbial substrate utilization and growth. The increased fungal necromass C accumulation was attributed to altering fungal community structure and decreasing α-diversity, which promoted necromass formation through sequential assimilation, synthesis, and turnover of CDs and SP carbon inputs. These results highlight the differential responses of bacterial and fungal necromass accumulation to CDs application and SP planting, providing novel insights into the regulatory roles of nano CDs and plant-microbe interactions in SOC sequestration processes in Vertisol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106091
Tanay Bose , Jolanda Roux , Louis Titshall , Steven B. Dovey , Almuth Hammerbacher
Short-rotation Eucalyptus plantations provide essential forest products, with productivity and soil health influenced by residue management and planting strategies. This study examined the effects of burning or mulching post-harvest residue followed by immediate versus delayed planting on soil fungal biodiversity, soil properties, and tree growth across four sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Plots were planted either three months ('immediate') or six months ('delayed') after treatment implementation. Volume measurements assessed tree growth, and soil attributes, including moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, were analyzed. Soil samples were collected in November 2019 and March 2022, and fungal communities were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. Data emerging from this study showed mulched plots had significantly higher tree volume, with delayed planting increasing productivity by 13.6 % at 24–36 months and 25 % at 36–48 months post-planting. Soil moisture was 1.3–2 times higher in mulched plots than in burnt plots. Mulching significantly reduced the maximum soil temperatures by 4.5–6.8 °C. Four months after treatment, burnt plots had higher pH (1.1-fold), carbon (2.2-fold), phosphate (1.6-fold) and manganese (2.5-fold). Initially, mulched plots had lower fungal biodiversity (0.81-fold) than burnt plots but surpassed them after 28 months (1.28-fold increase). Fungal community overlap declined from 83.28 % to 40.64 %, with mulching supporting higher saprotroph (1.3-fold) and symbiotroph (1.25-fold) abundances, while delayed planting increased pathotroph presence by 1.5-fold in burnt plots. These findings highlight the long-term benefits of mulching and delayed planting in enhancing fungal biodiversity, promoting beneficial microbial communities, and improving tree growth, contributing to more sustainable Eucalyptus plantation management.
{"title":"Mulching of post-harvest residues and delayed planting improves fungal biodiversity in South African Eucalyptus plantations and enhances plantation productivity","authors":"Tanay Bose , Jolanda Roux , Louis Titshall , Steven B. Dovey , Almuth Hammerbacher","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-rotation <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantations provide essential forest products, with productivity and soil health influenced by residue management and planting strategies. This study examined the effects of burning or mulching post-harvest residue followed by immediate versus delayed planting on soil fungal biodiversity, soil properties, and tree growth across four sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Plots were planted either three months ('immediate') or six months ('delayed') after treatment implementation. Volume measurements assessed tree growth, and soil attributes, including moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels, were analyzed. Soil samples were collected in November 2019 and March 2022, and fungal communities were analyzed through high-throughput sequencing targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. Data emerging from this study showed mulched plots had significantly higher tree volume, with delayed planting increasing productivity by 13.6 % at 24–36 months and 25 % at 36–48 months post-planting. Soil moisture was 1.3–2 times higher in mulched plots than in burnt plots. Mulching significantly reduced the maximum soil temperatures by 4.5–6.8 °C. Four months after treatment, burnt plots had higher pH (1.1-fold), carbon (2.2-fold), phosphate (1.6-fold) and manganese (2.5-fold). Initially, mulched plots had lower fungal biodiversity (0.81-fold) than burnt plots but surpassed them after 28 months (1.28-fold increase). Fungal community overlap declined from 83.28 % to 40.64 %, with mulching supporting higher saprotroph (1.3-fold) and symbiotroph (1.25-fold) abundances, while delayed planting increased pathotroph presence by 1.5-fold in burnt plots. These findings highlight the long-term benefits of mulching and delayed planting in enhancing fungal biodiversity, promoting beneficial microbial communities, and improving tree growth, contributing to more sustainable <em>Eucalyptus</em> plantation management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ongoing degradation of arable soils poses a serious challenge to modern agriculture, requiring novel approaches for their restoration, including the implementation of biofertilizers and microbial inoculants. Hence, we explored the potential of innovative microbiologically enriched NPK fertilizer (called biofertilizer) to stimulate the activity and diversity of soil microbial communities in two degraded soils - Brunic Arenosol (BA) and Abruptic Luvisol (AL), under maize cultivation. The two year field experiments included the following treatments - standard, optimal dose of mineral fertilizer without microbial enrichment (PC/PK) designed to meet the nutritional requirements of maize and serving as the control treatment, optimal dose amended with beneficial bacterial strains (PA100/PW100) and a dose containing 40 % less NPK fertilizer but enriched with microorganisms (PA60/PW60). The application of biofertilizer stimulated the activity of key enzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus biotransformations in the soil, modified the metabolic profile of soil microorganisms and changed the genetic diversity of bacteria, archaea and fungi. We observed the increased number and the presence of specific terminal restriction fragments pointing on the higher diversity within microbial communities. Next Generation Sequencing revealed that biofertilizer modified the community composition at different taxonomic levels, increased number of functional sequences assigned to metabolic processes of various compounds and higher relative abundance of fungal trophic modes and ecological guilds important for soil health. The obtained results showed that microbiologically enriched NPK fertilizer exhibits multifarious actions and has a potential to improve soil microbiome quality and diversity, as well as influencing yield of maize production.
{"title":"Case study on agroecosystem management: Seasonal soil microbiome and maize yield response to an innovative NPK mineral fertilizer enriched with beneficial bacterial strains","authors":"Mateusz Mącik , Agata Gryta , Jacek Panek , Lidia Sas-Paszt , Magdalena Frąc","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing degradation of arable soils poses a serious challenge to modern agriculture, requiring novel approaches for their restoration, including the implementation of biofertilizers and microbial inoculants. Hence, we explored the potential of innovative microbiologically enriched NPK fertilizer (called biofertilizer) to stimulate the activity and diversity of soil microbial communities in two degraded soils - Brunic Arenosol (BA) and Abruptic Luvisol (AL), under maize cultivation. The two year field experiments included the following treatments - standard, optimal dose of mineral fertilizer without microbial enrichment (PC/PK) designed to meet the nutritional requirements of maize and serving as the control treatment, optimal dose amended with beneficial bacterial strains (PA100/PW100) and a dose containing 40 % less NPK fertilizer but enriched with microorganisms (PA60/PW60). The application of biofertilizer stimulated the activity of key enzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus biotransformations in the soil, modified the metabolic profile of soil microorganisms and changed the genetic diversity of bacteria, archaea and fungi. We observed the increased number and the presence of specific terminal restriction fragments pointing on the higher diversity within microbial communities. Next Generation Sequencing revealed that biofertilizer modified the community composition at different taxonomic levels, increased number of functional sequences assigned to metabolic processes of various compounds and higher relative abundance of fungal trophic modes and ecological guilds important for soil health. The obtained results showed that microbiologically enriched NPK fertilizer exhibits multifarious actions and has a potential to improve soil microbiome quality and diversity, as well as influencing yield of maize production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the impact of genetic improvements in wheat cultivars on microbial communities is crucial for enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency and increasing crop yields. This study analyzed 20 wheat cultivars released between 1964 and 2018, revealing shifts in abundant and rare bacterial communities in the rhizosphere, with distinct patterns over time. The α-diversity of abundant bacterial communities significantly declined with newer cultivars, while rare communities increased. The β-diversity of abundant groups remained stable, while rare groups decreased. Stochastic processes influenced these communities, with abundant groups maintaining a constant stochastic element and rare groups experiencing increased stochasticity. Functional predictions revealed decreased anaerobic chemoheterotrophy and fermentation and increased ureolysis and aromatic compound degradation in rare communities. Random forest analysis showed that the composition of the rare bacterial communities explained more variation in cultivar improvement than that of abundant communities. In abundant bacterial communities, increases in F_Rhizobiaceae and G_Pedobacter correlated with higher grain yield and nitrogen ultilization efficiency. In rare bacterial communities, higher grain yields were associated with increases in S_Pelomonas_aquatica, S_Dyadobacter_hamtensis, G_Erwinia, and G_Sphingobacterium, while P_Candidatus_Saccharibacteria and S_Dyadobacter_hamtensis contributed to enhanced nitrogen efficiency. These findings offer valuable insights into how genetic improvements in wheat cultivars influence soil bacterial communities, potentially optimizing nitrogen ultilization and boosting grain yields.
{"title":"Winter wheat cultivar improvement impacts rare bacterial communities in the rhizosphere more than abundant bacterial communities","authors":"Chunhong Xu , Pengfei Dang , Bart Haegeman , Tiantian Huang , Xiaoqing Han , Miaomiao Zhang , Shiguang Wang , Xiaoliang Qin , Kadambot H.M. Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the impact of genetic improvements in wheat cultivars on microbial communities is crucial for enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency and increasing crop yields. This study analyzed 20 wheat cultivars released between 1964 and 2018, revealing shifts in abundant and rare bacterial communities in the rhizosphere, with distinct patterns over time. The α-diversity of abundant bacterial communities significantly declined with newer cultivars, while rare communities increased. The β-diversity of abundant groups remained stable, while rare groups decreased. Stochastic processes influenced these communities, with abundant groups maintaining a constant stochastic element and rare groups experiencing increased stochasticity. Functional predictions revealed decreased anaerobic chemoheterotrophy and fermentation and increased ureolysis and aromatic compound degradation in rare communities. Random forest analysis showed that the composition of the rare bacterial communities explained more variation in cultivar improvement than that of abundant communities. In abundant bacterial communities, increases in <em>F_Rhizobiaceae</em> and <em>G_Pedobacter</em> correlated with higher grain yield and nitrogen ultilization efficiency. In rare bacterial communities, higher grain yields were associated with increases in <em>S_Pelomonas_aquatica</em>, <em>S_Dyadobacter_hamtensis</em>, <em>G_Erwinia</em>, and <em>G_Sphingobacterium</em>, while P_Candidatus_Saccharibacteria and <em>S_Dyadobacter_hamtensis</em> contributed to enhanced nitrogen efficiency. These findings offer valuable insights into how genetic improvements in wheat cultivars influence soil bacterial communities, potentially optimizing nitrogen ultilization and boosting grain yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106072
Zheng Ni , Minghui Cao , Yuming Wang , Wenling Zhong , Mengxia Zhang , Yan Duan , Lifang Wu
Microbe-driven soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover has received worldwide attention because of its ability to improve soil fertility, increase crop productivity, and achieve C neutrality. The fertilization regime is the main factor regulating this process. To date, most related studies have focused on the effects of urea or nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on SOC accumulation. However, knowledge is lacking concerning the relationships among phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels, soil microbial communities, and turnover of SOC fractions. Herein, a continuous 4-year in situ field experiment was conducted after straw retention with the following treatments combined with regular N and potassium (K) fertilization: (i) regular P fertilizer (P + NK); (ii) 25 % reduction in P fertilizer (0.75P + NK); (iii) 50 % reduction in P fertilizer (0.5P + NK); and (iv) no P fertilizer (NK). Maize yield, SOC fractions and microbial communities responded distinctly to different P fertilizer levels. Regular fertilization resulted in the highest maize yield, macroaggregate proportion, and aggregate mean weight diameter. A significant decrease in particulate organic carbon (POC) was observed under NK. Moreover, significant decreases in mineral-associated organic carbon (MaOC) were observed under 0.5P + NK and NK compared with those under regular fertilization. Moreover, turnover of SOC fractions was strongly associated with microbial clusters and keystone taxa. Linear regressions indicated close associations between communities in clusters 2 and 3 and POC and MaOC. Random forest models further predicted that keystone taxa in the co-occurrence network may significantly explain SOC turnover. Overall, there were significant correlations between the bacterial richness of Chitinophagaceae and Saprospiraceae (within cluster 3) and those of POC and MaOC. Specifically, the fungal richness of Lasiosphaeriaceae (within cluster 2) was significantly positively correlated with only MaOC. Overall, fungi, rather than bacteria, drove the function of specific microbial clusters and thus affected SOC fraction turnover. The Lasiosphaeriaceae-driven cluster 2 community facilitated MaOC sequestration, whereas the Chitinophagaceae- and Mortierellaceae-driven cluster 3 communities facilitated both POC and MaOC accumulation. Our findings strengthen our understanding of the relationships among P fertilizer reduction, microbial communities and SOC fractions. Furthermore, we optimized the fertilization regime for sustained crop yield. Specifically, reducing P fertilization by 25 % is a win–win strategy for optimizing fertilization and promoting soil fertility.
{"title":"Phosphorus fertilizer input level regulates soil organic carbon physical fraction sequestration by influencing the microbial community","authors":"Zheng Ni , Minghui Cao , Yuming Wang , Wenling Zhong , Mengxia Zhang , Yan Duan , Lifang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbe-driven soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover has received worldwide attention because of its ability to improve soil fertility, increase crop productivity, and achieve C neutrality. The fertilization regime is the main factor regulating this process. To date, most related studies have focused on the effects of urea or nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on SOC accumulation. However, knowledge is lacking concerning the relationships among phosphorus (P) fertilizer levels, soil microbial communities, and turnover of SOC fractions. Herein, a continuous 4-year in situ field experiment was conducted after straw retention with the following treatments combined with regular N and potassium (K) fertilization: (i) regular P fertilizer (P + NK); (ii) 25 % reduction in P fertilizer (0.75P + NK); (iii) 50 % reduction in P fertilizer (0.5P + NK); and (iv) no P fertilizer (NK). Maize yield, SOC fractions and microbial communities responded distinctly to different P fertilizer levels. Regular fertilization resulted in the highest maize yield, macroaggregate proportion, and aggregate mean weight diameter. A significant decrease in particulate organic carbon (POC) was observed under NK. Moreover, significant decreases in mineral-associated organic carbon (MaOC) were observed under 0.5P + NK and NK compared with those under regular fertilization. Moreover, turnover of SOC fractions was strongly associated with microbial clusters and keystone taxa. Linear regressions indicated close associations between communities in clusters 2 and 3 and POC and MaOC. Random forest models further predicted that keystone taxa in the co-occurrence network may significantly explain SOC turnover. Overall, there were significant correlations between the bacterial richness of Chitinophagaceae and Saprospiraceae (within cluster 3) and those of POC and MaOC. Specifically, the fungal richness of Lasiosphaeriaceae (within cluster 2) was significantly positively correlated with only MaOC. Overall, fungi, rather than bacteria, drove the function of specific microbial clusters and thus affected SOC fraction turnover. The Lasiosphaeriaceae-driven cluster 2 community facilitated MaOC sequestration, whereas the Chitinophagaceae- and Mortierellaceae-driven cluster 3 communities facilitated both POC and MaOC accumulation. Our findings strengthen our understanding of the relationships among P fertilizer reduction, microbial communities and SOC fractions. Furthermore, we optimized the fertilization regime for sustained crop yield. Specifically, reducing P fertilization by 25 % is a win–win strategy for optimizing fertilization and promoting soil fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106044
Chenmiao Liu , Zihao Wang , Xia Gao , Kun Li , Lei Yu , Jingyu Sun , Hongjie Di , Xiaoya Xu , Qingfeng Chen
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is widely recognized in wetland soils as an important sink for methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, and an important pathway for CH4 reduction. However, the process of AOM in coastal wetland soil in the context of various anthropogenic impacts and the impacts on microorganisms are not clear due to the intricate interplay among numerous factors in nature and the impacts of anthropogenic activities. Therefore, in this study, laboratory culture methods integrated with molecular biology techniques were used to investigate the rate of AOM in soils of different depths under the influence of several typical anthropogenic activities in the Yellow River Delta, as well as the mechanisms of influence on environmental and microbiological factors. The findings of the study indicated that AOM rates decrease with depth; the effects of various forms of nitrogen (N) on the anaerobic oxidation of soil methane in different soil horizons were inconsistent; and inorganic nitrogen (NH4+, NO2−) was found to affect AOM processes by influencing some of the functional communities (ANME-2d, ANME, and Geobacter), as well as some microorganisms (Euryarchaeota, Methanosarcinales) that indirectly affect the AOM process. Moreover, Geobacter, ANME, and ANME-2d were the key functional microorganisms influencing the AOM process in the anthropogenic samples and served as crucial factors in the AOM process. Therefore, this study could provide data support and a theoretical basis for mitigating global warming.
{"title":"Effects of anthropogenic activities on soil microbial community structure and methane anaerobic oxidation rate in coastal wetlands of Yellow River Delta, China","authors":"Chenmiao Liu , Zihao Wang , Xia Gao , Kun Li , Lei Yu , Jingyu Sun , Hongjie Di , Xiaoya Xu , Qingfeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is widely recognized in wetland soils as an important sink for methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), a potent greenhouse gas, and an important pathway for CH<sub>4</sub> reduction. However, the process of AOM in coastal wetland soil in the context of various anthropogenic impacts and the impacts on microorganisms are not clear due to the intricate interplay among numerous factors in nature and the impacts of anthropogenic activities. Therefore, in this study, laboratory culture methods integrated with molecular biology techniques were used to investigate the rate of AOM in soils of different depths under the influence of several typical anthropogenic activities in the Yellow River Delta, as well as the mechanisms of influence on environmental and microbiological factors. The findings of the study indicated that AOM rates decrease with depth; the effects of various forms of nitrogen (N) on the anaerobic oxidation of soil methane in different soil horizons were inconsistent; and inorganic nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) was found to affect AOM processes by influencing some of the functional communities (ANME-2d, ANME, and <em>Geobacter</em>), as well as some microorganisms (Euryarchaeota, Methanosarcinales) that indirectly affect the AOM process. Moreover, <em>Geobacter</em>, ANME, and ANME-2d were the key functional microorganisms influencing the AOM process in the anthropogenic samples and served as crucial factors in the AOM process. Therefore, this study could provide data support and a theoretical basis for mitigating global warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106073
Ziliang Yin , Xin Sun , Jing Yang , Shirui Jiang , Weihui Feng , Tijiu Cai , Xiaoxin Sun
The physical and chemical changes that accompany shifts in plant community composition directly impact marsh soil microbial communities. This leads to uncertainty in microbial communities and plant feedback, which limits our ability to predict marsh biogeochemical cycling and microorganism responses to changes in plant community composition. Therefore, this study employed high-throughput sequencing to elucidate the mechanisms regulating marsh soil microbial community assembly, stability, and functional profiles in response to varying levels of shrub encroachment. The results showed that shrub encroachment significantly altered the composition of soil microorganisms, leading to increased phylogenetic conservation within bacterial and fungal communities. Following shrub encroachment, bacteria sensed, responded, and adapted to environmental changes through the two-component system, shifting community assembly from deterministic (variable selection) to stochastic (homogenizing dispersal) processes. However, fungal community assembly was weakly responsive to shrub encroachment remained primarily stochastic, with the dominant mode transitioning from undominated processes to homogenizing dispersal, largely due to the differential expression of metabolic pathways and interactions (exchange of material, energy, and signaling) with bacterial two-component systems. Additionally, shrub encroachment enhances the networks scale and complexity of soil microorganism, promotes competitive behaviour, and increases community stability while reshaping functional profiles. Further investigation into these issues will contribute to our understanding of microbial ecology theory, thereby providing more effective strategies and methods for the management and conservation of marsh ecosystems.
{"title":"Shrub encroachment modulates soil microbial assembly, stability, and functional dynamics in temperate marshes: Emphasizes the key role of bacterial two-component systems","authors":"Ziliang Yin , Xin Sun , Jing Yang , Shirui Jiang , Weihui Feng , Tijiu Cai , Xiaoxin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical and chemical changes that accompany shifts in plant community composition directly impact marsh soil microbial communities. This leads to uncertainty in microbial communities and plant feedback, which limits our ability to predict marsh biogeochemical cycling and microorganism responses to changes in plant community composition. Therefore, this study employed high-throughput sequencing to elucidate the mechanisms regulating marsh soil microbial community assembly, stability, and functional profiles in response to varying levels of shrub encroachment. The results showed that shrub encroachment significantly altered the composition of soil microorganisms, leading to increased phylogenetic conservation within bacterial and fungal communities. Following shrub encroachment, bacteria sensed, responded, and adapted to environmental changes through the two-component system, shifting community assembly from deterministic (variable selection) to stochastic (homogenizing dispersal) processes. However, fungal community assembly was weakly responsive to shrub encroachment remained primarily stochastic, with the dominant mode transitioning from undominated processes to homogenizing dispersal, largely due to the differential expression of metabolic pathways and interactions (exchange of material, energy, and signaling) with bacterial two-component systems. Additionally, shrub encroachment enhances the networks scale and complexity of soil microorganism, promotes competitive behaviour, and increases community stability while reshaping functional profiles. Further investigation into these issues will contribute to our understanding of microbial ecology theory, thereby providing more effective strategies and methods for the management and conservation of marsh ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 106073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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