Applied Soil Ecology最新文献_第2页

Environmental persistent free radicals mediated reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress responses in soil microbial communities: A review 环境持久性自由基介导的活性氧生成和土壤微生物群落氧化应激反应研究进展

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106825

Sadam Khan , Muhammad Riaz , Shoaib Akhtar , Yuanren Jiang , Chenghe Yan , Kecheng Zhu , Hanzhong Jia

Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are recognized emerging pollutants that remain stable in soils for extended periods. The lifetimes of EPFRs range from days to months, under certain conditions half-lives of EPFRs exceed from 100 to 300 days depending on organic matter and minerals surfaces. In soils, the EPFRs concentration reported ranged from 10¹⁶ to 10¹⁸ spinsg^-1, and facilitate to promote reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals at rates up to 2–10 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, whereas induce oxidative stress on soil microorganisms and plants. Although EPFRs are primarily produced during combustion and pyrolysis processes, including materials production, such as biochar and coke, their persistence and accumulation in soil are of particular concern. Once introduced into soil environments, EPFRs may undergo complex interactions with various soil components, their behavior significantly influenced by environmental factors such as oxygen availability, light exposure, humidity, organic matter content, and soil pH. This review focuses on the stability and reactivity of EPFRs within soil ecosystems, examining their detrimental effects on soil organisms and plants. This review highlights the potential environmental impacts arising from EPFR-induced oxidative stress and disruption of normal redox processes. Additionally, the review identifies critical knowledge gaps regarding the sources, behavior, and toxicity of EPFRs in soil, outlining priorities for future research aimed at improving risk assessment and mitigation strategies. More efforts are needed to explore the main sources of EPFRs entering the soil ecosystem and to assess their toxicity effectively.

环境持久性自由基（EPFRs）是公认的在土壤中长期保持稳定的新兴污染物。epfr的寿命从几天到几个月不等，在某些条件下，epfr的半衰期超过100到300天，具体取决于有机物和矿物表面。在土壤中，EPFRs的浓度范围为1016 ~ 1018 spinsg-1，促进活性氧（ROS），如超氧自由基和羟基自由基的速率高达2 ~ 10 μmol g−1 h−1，同时诱导土壤微生物和植物的氧化应激。虽然epfr主要是在燃烧和热解过程中产生的，包括材料生产，如生物炭和焦炭，但它们在土壤中的持久性和积累特别令人关注。EPFRs一旦进入土壤环境，就会与各种土壤成分发生复杂的相互作用，其行为受到氧有效性、光照、湿度、有机质含量和土壤ph等环境因素的显著影响。本文将重点介绍EPFRs在土壤生态系统中的稳定性和反应性，以及它们对土壤生物和植物的有害影响。这篇综述强调了epfr诱导的氧化应激和正常氧化还原过程的破坏所引起的潜在环境影响。此外，该审查确定了土壤中epfr的来源、行为和毒性方面的关键知识空白，概述了旨在改进风险评估和缓解战略的未来研究重点。需要进一步探索epfr进入土壤生态系统的主要来源，并对其毒性进行有效评价。

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引用次数: 0

Cicada necrobiome mediates greenhouse and trace gas pulses following periodic mass emergence 蝉的坏死性生物群在周期性大量涌现后介导温室气体和微量气体脉冲

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106813

Megan L. Purchase , Richard P. Phillips , Jonathan D. Raff , Amy I. Phelps , Elizabeth Huenupi , Ryan M. Mushinski

The emergence of periodical cicadas from soil every 13 or 17 years is a unique ecological phenomenon with the potential to affect soil biogeochemistry in forests, with increased emissions of climate-relevant gases as a consequence. While it's well-known that cicada carcasses create resource pulses of carbon and nitrogen (N) in soil when they die in mass, the processes underlying these effects, as well as the consequences of these effects for N losses, are poorly known. We investigated how the emergence of Brood X cicadas (Magicicada spp.) in 2021 affected soil microbial communities – particularly N cycling taxa - in forests of the United States. We found that decaying carcasses led to emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and ammonia (NH₃) gas at around 0.53 mg-N m⁻² h⁻¹, estimated to be a ∼ 35-fold increase over ∼21 days from the annual average emissions from US forest soils (0.015 mg-N m⁻² h⁻¹), with the greatest effects occurring at the interface between carcasses and soil surface. Using amplicon sequencing and qPCR, we determined the potential microbial mechanisms behind N₂O and NH₃ production, including correlations between taxa capable of carrying out less well studied processes DNRA and nitrifier denitrification, and increased emissions of N₂O and NH₃. Although distinguishing the relative contributions of DNRA, denitrification, and nitrifier denitrification requires direct rate measurements, our results suggest these processes working together contribute to previously unrecognised greenhouse gas emissions following insect emergence events. Collectively, our results indicate that cicadas significantly affect nutrient cycling in forests with the potential to alter soil microbial communities in ways that may enhance ecosystem N emissions.

每13或17年从土壤中出现的周期性蝉是一种独特的生态现象，有可能影响森林土壤的生物地球化学，从而增加与气候有关的气体的排放。虽然众所周知，蝉的尸体在大量死亡时会在土壤中产生碳和氮(N)的资源脉冲，但这些影响背后的过程，以及这些影响对N损失的后果，却知之甚少。我们研究了2021年出现的雏蝉（Magicicada spp.）如何影响美国森林中土壤微生物群落-特别是N循环分类群。我们发现，腐烂的尸体导致氧化亚氮（N2O）和氨（NH3）气体的排放约为0.53 mg-N m−2 h−1，估计在~ 21天内比美国森林土壤年平均排放量（0.015 mg-N m−2 h−1）增加了~ 35倍，其中最大的影响发生在尸体和土壤表面之间的界面。利用扩增子测序和qPCR，我们确定了N2O和NH3产生背后的潜在微生物机制，包括能够进行较少研究的DNRA和硝化菌反硝化过程的类群之间的相关性，以及N2O和NH3排放量的增加。虽然区分DNRA、反硝化和硝化剂反硝化的相对贡献需要直接的速率测量，但我们的研究结果表明，这些过程共同促进了昆虫出现事件后以前未被认识到的温室气体排放。总之，我们的研究结果表明，蝉显著影响森林的养分循环，有可能改变土壤微生物群落，从而增加生态系统氮的排放。

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引用次数: 0

Soil fauna behaviour reveals rapid habitat function evolution in newly constructed market garden Technosols 土壤动物行为揭示了新建市场花园的快速生境功能演变

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106822

Pénélope Cheval , Julie Leclercq-Dransart , Bertrand Vandoorne , Aurélie Pelfrêne

Constructed Technosols are increasingly implemented in urban agriculture projects, yet their ability to provide suitable habitat conditions for soil fauna during early pedogenesis remains poorly documented. This study evaluated the temporal development of habitat function in two Technosols designed for market gardening through avoidance tests with four invertebrate species (Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus terrestris, Folsomia candida and Porcellio scaber) and survival assays with E. fetida and P. scaber. The selected organisms included standardised test species widely used in ecotoxicology and taxa commonly found in urban soils. Standardised avoidance and survival bioassays were conducted shortly after Technosol construction and after one year of greenhouse cultivation. Initially, limited habitat suitability was observed, particularly for earthworms, in relation to high pH and carbonate contents. After one year, avoidance responses decreased markedly and survival improved significantly, indicating that early pedogenic processes enhanced habitat conditions. These changes were associated with pH neutralisation and shifts in carbonate-related properties. Overall, the results show that habitat function can improve rapidly during the first year following Technosol construction, supporting the establishment of soil fauna and the onset of biological activity in newly constructed soils.

人工技术土壤越来越多地应用于城市农业项目，但它们在早期土壤形成过程中为土壤动物提供适宜栖息地条件的能力仍缺乏文献记载。本研究通过对4种无脊椎动物（臭Eisenia fetida、Lumbricus terrestris、Folsomia candida和Porcellio scaber）的避害试验和对臭Eisenia fetida和P. scaber的生存试验，对两种市场园艺设计的Technosols生境功能的时间发展进行了评价。所选生物包括生态毒理学中广泛使用的标准化试验种和城市土壤中常见的分类群。在Technosol构建和温室栽培一年后，进行了标准化的回避和存活生物测定。最初，观察到有限的生境适宜性，特别是蚯蚓，与高pH值和碳酸盐含量有关。1年后，回避反应明显下降，存活率显著提高，表明早期成土过程改善了栖息地条件。这些变化与pH中和和碳酸盐相关性质的变化有关。总体而言，在Technosol建设后的第一年，生境功能迅速改善，支持了土壤动物的建立和新建设土壤中生物活性的开始。

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引用次数: 0

Coastal wetland converted to uplands reduce the diversity of soil nitrogen-related functional communities 滨海湿地转化为高地后，土壤氮素相关功能群落多样性降低

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106821

Hanxia Yu , Zikai Liu , Md. Akhter Hossain , Ju-Pei Shen

Land-use conversion exerts substantial effects on ecosystem functioning in coastal wetlands; however, its impacts on nitrogen (N)-related functional communities and associated biogeochemical processes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the abundance and diversity of N-cycling functional communities and their environmental drivers following the conversion of coastal wetlands (CW) to tidal flats (TF), agricultural land (AL), and fallow land (FL) using a metagenomic approach. The results showed that the abundance of key functional genes involved in assimilatory nitrate reduction, denitrification, and nitrification declined significantly following the conversion of CW to AL or FL. Shannon diversity index of N-cycling related taxonomic groups also declined markedly in response to land-use conversion. Across all the land-use types, denitrification process was the predominant N transformation pathway, accounting for 50.9% to 52.7% of total N-cycling potential. Structural equation modeling further revealed that soil electrical conductivity was the primary environmental driver influencing the abundance and diversity of N-related functional genes, explaining 79.1% and 66.6% of the variation in functional genes and taxonomic groups, respectively. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that land-use conversion substantially alters the composition and diversity of N-cycling functional communities in wetland ecosystems, with important implications for wetland management and ecological restoration for sustaining soil multifunctionality.

土地利用转换对滨海湿地生态系统功能有实质性影响；然而，其对氮相关功能群落和相关生物地球化学过程的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们采用宏基因组方法研究了沿海湿地（CW）向潮滩（TF）、农地（AL）和休耕地（FL）转变后n循环功能群落的丰度和多样性及其环境驱动因素。结果表明，随着土壤向AL或FL的转化，参与同化硝态氮还原、反硝化和硝化的关键功能基因丰度显著下降，氮循环相关分类类群的Shannon多样性指数也随着土地利用的转换而显著下降。在所有土地利用类型中，反硝化过程是主要的氮转化途径，占总氮循环潜力的50.9% ~ 52.7%。结构方程模型进一步揭示，土壤电导率是影响氮相关功能基因丰度和多样性的主要环境驱动因素，对功能基因和分类群变异的贡献率分别为79.1%和66.6%。综上所述，土地利用转换显著改变了湿地生态系统中氮循环功能群落的组成和多样性，对湿地管理和生态恢复具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Application of organic and inorganic acids in activating soil phosphorus in agriculture 有机酸和无机酸在农业土壤磷素活化中的应用

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106799

Tong Luo, Huiping Gui, Nianchang Pang, Kai Peng, Qianqian Wang, Xiangru Wang, Xiling Zhang, Xiaoyan Ma

Phosphorus is strongly fixed in calcareous soils, resulting in low utilization efficiency in agricultural production. However, it remains unclear how organic and inorganic acids can help activate soil phosphorus while maintaining soil microecological structure and function. This study investigated the effects of combining sulfuric acid (inorganic) and oxalic acid (organic) on the transformation of soil phosphorus forms, microbial structure, and microbial function. The results revealed that the addition of organic and inorganic acids to calcareous soil reduced soil pH by 1.95%–2%, substantially increased the activities of alkaline phosphatase and phytase involved in phosphorus cycling, and increased the contents of highly and intermediately active phosphorus by 18%–189%. Furthermore, ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis revealed that organic and inorganic acids promoted the decomposition of organic phosphorus. Macrogenomic analysis indicated that appropriate addition of oxalic acid could restore the reduction in microbial diversity caused by adding sulfuric acid, thereby improving its uniformity. The abundance of microbial functional genes indicated that carbon fixation as well as nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in soil were enhanced. Community assembly analysis further showed that assembly was dominated by deterministic processes. Thus, the addition of moderate amounts of organic and inorganic acids can substantially improve phosphorus availability in calcareous soils, promote soil biochemical cycling, and ultimately provide new approaches for efficiently utilizing soil phosphorus resources while supporting the development of a healthy soil microecology.

磷在钙质土壤中具有很强的固结性，导致其在农业生产中的利用效率较低。然而，有机酸和无机酸如何激活土壤磷，同时维持土壤微生态结构和功能尚不清楚。本研究探讨了无机硫酸和有机草酸配施对土壤磷形态、微生物结构和微生物功能转化的影响。结果表明，添加有机酸和无机酸可使土壤pH降低1.95% ~ 2%，使参与磷循环的碱性磷酸酶和植酸酶活性显著提高，高、中活性磷含量提高18% ~ 189%。此外，31P核磁共振（NMR）分析显示有机酸和无机酸促进了有机磷的分解。宏观基因组分析表明，适当添加草酸可以恢复因添加硫酸而减少的微生物多样性，从而改善其均匀性。微生物功能基因的丰度表明，土壤的碳固定和氮磷循环得到加强。群落装配分析进一步表明，装配以确定性过程为主。因此，添加适量的有机酸和无机酸可以显著提高钙质土壤的磷有效性，促进土壤生化循环，最终为有效利用土壤磷资源提供新的途径，同时支持土壤微生态的健康发展。

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引用次数: 0

Return of soil function: texture and thermal load drive post-fire microbial reactivation 土壤功能的回归：质地和热负荷驱动火灾后微生物的再激活

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106819

Carolina Merino , Ignacio Jofré , Svenja Stock , Francisco Nájera , Francisco Matus , Yakov Kuzyakov , Felipe Aburto , José Dörner , Rafael Rubilar , Michaela A. Dippold

Understanding soil microbial responses to wildfires is critical for climate adaptation and ecosystem recovery. This study spans the Chilean Coastal Cordillera, from the Atacama Desert (arid) to a temperate forest, a fire-prone climatic gradient. We hypothesized that soil texture and porosity determine the resilience of microbial reactivation and enzyme activity following a wildfire. This study examined the impact of short-term (20 min) heating at 300, 600, or 900 °C on enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, urease, peroxidase, and phosphatases), microbial biomass, and reactive oxygen species in four Chilean soils: arid, semi-arid, Mediterranean, and temperate. Furnace heating simulated near-surface wildfire exposure and was contextualized with a 1-D conduction model that yielded temperature–time profiles and cumulative thermal load (degree-hours). Responses scaled with thermal load, with higher exposure increasing soil organic matter (SOM) loss, reducing Vmax and biomass, and raising H₂O₂. After heating, the soils were cooled and incubated for 48 h under sterile conditions to isolate residual activity and early reactivation. At 900 °C, SOM retention was higher in temperate clay-rich soils (0.68%) than in arid sandy soils (0.02%). Within 48 h of heating at 300–600 °C, microbial biomass recovered to ∼70% in temperate soils but remained <10% in arid soils. At 900 °C, the thermal load ranged from ∼336 to ∼1368 kJ across soils. Hydrogen peroxide concentration peaked at 3.5 μmol g⁻¹ in semi-arid soils, indicating elevated oxidative stress. Peroxidase retained ∼90% of its catalytic efficiency at 300 °C in temperate soils, whereas β-glucosidase activity in arid soil dropped below 10% after heating at 900 °C. These findings confirm that higher porosity and SOM buffer the impact of heat, accelerate microbial reactivation, and mitigate oxidative stress. After accounting for initial soil C, N, and pH, texture effects persisted, reinforcing the need for targeted interventions in coarse-textured low-OM soils.

了解土壤微生物对野火的反应对气候适应和生态系统恢复至关重要。这项研究跨越了智利沿海科迪勒拉，从阿塔卡马沙漠（干旱）到温带森林，一个容易发生火灾的气候梯度。我们假设土壤质地和孔隙度决定了野火后微生物再激活和酶活性的恢复能力。本研究考察了300、600或900°C短期（20分钟）加热对智利四种土壤（干旱、半干旱、地中海和温带）酶活性（β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶、过氧化物酶和磷酸酶）、微生物生物量和活性氧的影响。炉子加热模拟近地表野火暴露，并与一维传导模型相结合，产生温度-时间曲线和累积热负荷（度-小时）。响应与热负荷成正比，高暴露增加土壤有机质（SOM）损失，降低Vmax和生物量，提高H2O2。加热后，冷却土壤，在无菌条件下孵育48 h，以分离残余活性和早期再活化。在900°C时，温带富黏土土壤的SOM保留率（0.68%）高于干旱砂质土壤（0.02%）。在300-600°C加热48小时内，温带土壤中的微生物生物量恢复到70%，但在干旱土壤中仍保持10%。在900°C时，整个土壤的热负荷范围为~ 336 ~ ~ 1368 kJ。半干旱土壤过氧化氢浓度峰值为3.5 μmol g−1，表明氧化应激升高。在温带土壤中，过氧化物酶在300°C时保持了90%的催化效率，而在900°C加热后，干旱土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性下降到10%以下。这些发现证实，更高的孔隙度和SOM缓冲了高温的影响，加速了微生物的再激活，减轻了氧化应激。在考虑了初始土壤C、N和pH后，质地效应仍然存在，这加强了对质地粗糙的低有机质土壤进行有针对性干预的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in plant-soil-microbe interactions of degraded alpine meadows under mowing disturbance: based on inter-domain ecological networks 刈割干扰下退化高寒草甸植物-土壤-微生物相互作用的变化——基于域间生态网络

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106747

Yandan Ma , Hasbagan Ganjurjav , Yong Zhang , Qiuzhu Zheng , Qingzhu Gao , Xiaorong Wang , Kaiting Wu

The Inter-domain Ecological Network (IDEN) is an important approach to exploring plant-soil-microbe interactions in an ecosystem. However, how the network structures and inter-domain interactions revealed by IDEN respond to external disturbances across varying degradation levels in alpine meadows remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate changes in plant-soil-microbe interactions in response to mowing in alpine meadows of different degradation levels. Here, we conducted a mowing experiment on an alpine meadow in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at three degradation levels (i.e., severe degradation, SD; moderate degradation, MD; and light degradation, LD) from 2018 to 2020. Then the plant-soil-microbe interaction network was constructed to explore the differences in the response of alpine meadow IDENs to disturbances at different degradation levels. The results showed that 1) the plant-soil-microbe system in severe degradation meadows was the most sensitive in response to mowing. The complexity of IDEN increased along the degradation level; 2) With increasing degradation, the network core node shifted from the functional bacterial community (chemoheterotrophy, phototrophy, and denitrification) under moderate and light degradation to multi-domain hub nodes under severe degradation, including denitrification and respiration functional flora, soil nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺), pH, and plant species richness. Our study suggests that the intensified inter-domain interactions within the IDEN may be a key response process of alpine meadow ecosystems to environmental changes.

域间生态网络（IDEN）是研究生态系统中植物-土壤-微生物相互作用的重要途径。然而，IDEN揭示的网络结构和域间相互作用如何响应不同退化水平的外部干扰，仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨刈割对不同退化程度高寒草甸植物-土壤-微生物相互作用的影响。以青藏高原东南部某高寒草甸为研究对象，于2018 - 2020年在重度退化（SD）、中度退化（MD）和轻度退化（LD） 3个退化阶段进行了刈割试验。构建植物-土壤-微生物互作网络，探讨高寒草甸IDENs对不同退化程度干扰的响应差异。结果表明：1)重度退化草甸的植物-土壤-微生物系统对刈割的响应最为敏感；IDEN的复杂度随着退化程度的增加而增加；2)随着降解程度的增加，网络核心节点从中度和轻度降解的功能细菌群落（化学异养、光养和反硝化）向重度降解的多域枢纽节点转移，包括反硝化和呼吸功能菌群、土壤硝态氮（NO3−）、铵态氮（NH4+）、pH和植物物种丰富度。研究表明，IDEN内域间相互作用的加剧可能是高寒草甸生态系统对环境变化的关键响应过程。

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引用次数: 0

Soil microbes reveal contrasting restoration pathways in Qinghai–Tibetan alpine grassland 青藏高寒草原土壤微生物揭示了不同的恢复途径

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106801

Pengqian Huo , Wencai Yang , Guorui Zhang , Ningning Zhao , Wenxing Wang , Xiumei Miao , Gangsheng Wang , Jie Liu

Alpine grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are experiencing rapid degradation, threatening biodiversity, productivity, and ecosystem stability. However, the role of soil microbial communities in mediating vegetation recovery remains insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate how fertilization and reseeding, two widely applied but mechanistically distinct interventions, alter soil microbial diversity, community structure, and potential metabolic functions, and how these microbial changes shape plant diversity and productivity. Across a two-year growing season field experiment, fertilization and reseeding elicited distinct microbial responses with contrasting ecological outcomes. Fertilization significantly altered microbial beta-diversity (Adonis: R² = 0.058–0.074, p < 0.05), favored nutrient-responsive taxa, and enhanced several biosynthetic pathways associated with biomass accumulation, while concurrently reducing bacterial network connectivity and leaving fungal networks comparatively stable. In contrast, reseeding enriched microbial groups involved in plant signaling and glycan-related metabolism, suggesting possible feedbacks that support vegetation establishment. Functional pathways—including glycosphingolipid (Pearson's r = 0.43–0.58, p < 0.05) and flavone/flavonol biosynthesis (Pearson's r = 0.44–0.62, p < 0.05)—were strongly correlated with plant biomass and were preferentially enriched in reseeded plots, indicating their potential as biomarkers for restoration progress. Together, these results suggest that fertilization and reseeding may promote recovery through complementary soil–microbe–plant interactions: fertilization primarily enhances productivity via nutrient-mediated processes, whereas reseeding promotes biodiversity via microbially associated mechanisms. Incorporating microbial functional traits into restoration assessment may therefore improve monitoring precision and guide adaptive management aimed at fostering ecological resilience and sustainable productivity in nutrient-limited alpine ecosystems.

青藏高原高寒草原正在迅速退化，威胁着生物多样性、生产力和生态系统的稳定。然而，土壤微生物群落在调节植被恢复中的作用仍未得到充分认识。在这里，我们研究了施肥和补播这两种广泛应用但机制不同的干预措施如何改变土壤微生物多样性、群落结构和潜在的代谢功能，以及这些微生物变化如何塑造植物多样性和生产力。在一项为期两年的生长季田间试验中，施肥和补播引起了不同的微生物反应和不同的生态结果。施肥显著改变了微生物β -多样性（Adonis: R2 = 0.058-0.074, p < 0.05），有利于营养响应的类群，增强了与生物量积累相关的几种生物合成途径，同时减少了细菌网络的连连性，使真菌网络相对稳定。与此相反，补种增加了参与植物信号传导和聚糖相关代谢的微生物群，这表明可能存在支持植被建立的反馈。功能途径——包括鞘糖脂（Pearson’s r = 0.43-0.58, p < 0.05）和黄酮/黄酮醇生物合成（Pearson’s r = 0.44-0.62, p < 0.05）——与植物生物量密切相关，并且在重播地块中优先富集，表明它们有潜力作为恢复进程的生物标志物。总之，这些结果表明，施肥和补种可能通过互补的土壤-微生物-植物相互作用促进恢复：施肥主要通过营养介导的过程提高生产力，而补种通过微生物相关机制促进生物多样性。因此，将微生物功能特征纳入恢复评估可以提高监测精度，并指导旨在培养营养有限的高山生态系统的生态恢复力和可持续生产力的适应性管理。

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引用次数: 0

Litter calcium content modulates litter decomposition by soil fauna in karst forest 喀斯特森林凋落物钙含量对土壤动物凋落物分解的调节作用

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106812

Tongmin Long , Chengjia Deng , Lihong Song , Kaiyu Li , Yingxin Long , Zuyong Chen

Litter decomposition serves as a fundamental ecological process for nutrient cycling in karst forest ecosystem, where soil fauna acts as a critical decomposer. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of litter nutrient stoichiometry, esp. calcium (Ca) content, on faunal-mediated decomposition remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a three-year decomposition experiment in a karst forest in southwestern China. Using litterbags with different mesh sizes (0.01 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm), we selectively excluded soil fauna by body-size classes to quantify their contributions to the decomposition of litter types varying in initial carbon-to‑nitrogen ratios (C/N) and Ca content. Results of the present study showed that high-quality litter, characterized by low C/N and Ca content, decomposed fast than low-quality litter. The importance of calcium exists on an equal footing with the C/N. Soil macrofauna contributed 12.39% to litter annual decomposition rate (k) on average, whereas mesofauna accounted for 11.63%. Random forest analysis indicated that mesofauna was the main factor affecting fauna-driven litter decomposition. Structural equation modeling elucidated that litter high Ca content and C/N directly suppressed macrofaunal decomposition activity, but not mesofauna. These findings highlighted that calcium-mediated litter stoichiometry drives functional divergence between macrofauna and mesofauna during decomposition, with implications for biogeochemical cycling in karst ecosystems.

凋落物分解是喀斯特森林生态系统养分循环的基本生态过程，土壤动物是关键的分解者。然而，凋落物营养化学计量学的调节机制，特别是钙含量，对动物介导的分解仍然知之甚少。为了解决这一知识缺口，我们在中国西南部的喀斯特森林中进行了为期三年的分解实验。利用不同孔径（0.01 mm、2mm、4mm）的垃圾袋，我们有选择性地将土壤动物按体型分类排除，量化它们对不同初始碳氮比（C/N）和Ca含量凋落物类型分解的贡献。本研究结果表明，优质凋落物分解速度快于劣质凋落物，其特征是C/N和Ca含量较低。钙的重要性与碳氮比同等重要。土壤大型动物对凋落物年分解速率(k)的平均贡献率为12.39%，中型动物的贡献率为11.63%。随机森林分析表明，中系动物是影响动物驱动凋落物分解的主要因素。结构方程模型表明，凋落物的高Ca含量和C/N直接抑制了大型动物的分解活性，而对中系动物的分解活性没有影响。这些发现表明，钙介导的凋落物化学计量在分解过程中驱动大型动物和中型动物之间的功能分化，对喀斯特生态系统的生物地球化学循环具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Vertical stratification of mine tailings microbial communities along geochemical gradients one decade after organic cover application 应用有机覆盖十年后尾矿微生物群落沿地球化学梯度垂直分层

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2026.106815

Asma Asemaninejad , Graeme Spiers , Peter Beckett , Nadia Mykytczuk , Nathan Basiliko

Organic amendments that consume oxygen can function as reactive barriers, limiting sulfide mineral oxidation in acid-generating tailings; however, they may also promote metal mobilization in surface-oxidized horizons. One decade after applying a 1-m thick organic cover, we observed notable yet stratified biogeochemical and microbial transformations down the reclaimed Anthroposol profile. The surface organic cover layer showed increased nutrient availability alongside declines in organic matter and C:N ratio, reflecting ongoing mineralization and decomposition, and became slightly acidic (pH decreasing from 7.1 to 6.7). Beneath this layer, the interface zone exhibited microbial and geochemical convergence toward more soil-like conditions, where bioavailable P, Zn, Fe, and Cu increased by up to two orders of magnitude. Deeper tailings were slightly acidified, enriched in sulfur- and iron-oxidizing microbial taxa, potentially indicating continued sulfide weathering. Despite the improvements in the interface layer, switchgrass roots largely remained confined to the organic cover, hinting at possible chemical or physical barriers limiting deeper rooting. These findings highlight the short-to-medium-term success of organic covers in enhancing nutrient cycling and fostering microbial succession near the surface. However, persistent weathering underscores the need for complementary strategies, such as deeper amendments or reactive barriers. Given projected climate warming could accelerate organic matter decomposition and sulfide oxidation, increasing the risk of acid generation over time, these findings underscore the importance of sustained organic inputs and adaptive management to ensure long-term reclamation success.

消耗氧气的有机改进剂可以作为活性屏障，限制产酸尾矿中硫化物矿物的氧化；然而，它们也可能促进金属在表面氧化层中的迁移。在覆盖1 m厚的有机覆盖物十年后，我们观察到在回收的人类sol剖面上有显著的分层生物地球化学和微生物转化。表层有机覆盖层的养分有效性随着有机质和C:N比值的下降而增加，反映出持续的矿化和分解，并呈微酸性（pH从7.1降至6.7）。在这一层下，界面区表现出微生物和地球化学向更类似土壤的条件收敛，生物可利用的P、Zn、Fe和Cu增加了两个数量级。较深的尾矿略有酸化，富含硫氧化和铁氧化微生物类群，可能表明硫化物风化作用持续进行。尽管界面层得到了改善，但柳枝稷的根在很大程度上仍然局限于有机覆盖层，这暗示可能存在化学或物理障碍，限制了更深的生根。这些发现强调了有机覆盖在促进地表附近的养分循环和促进微生物演替方面的中短期成功。然而，持续的风化强调了补充策略的必要性，例如更深的修正或反应性屏障。考虑到预计的气候变暖可能加速有机物分解和硫化物氧化，随着时间的推移增加酸生成的风险，这些发现强调了持续的有机投入和适应性管理对确保长期复垦成功的重要性。

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引用次数: 0