Applied Soil Ecology最新文献_第2页

Landscape gradients in Sphagnum peatlands: Nutrients, trace elements and diversity of free-living mites (Arthropoda: Acari) along a 1600 km transect on the West Siberian Plain 泥炭藓泥炭地的景观梯度：西西伯利亚平原 1600 公里横断面上的营养物质、微量元素和自由生活螨类（节肢动物门：Acari）的多样性

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105641

The West Siberian Plain holds special ecological significance as the largest peatland region of the world, which is expected to be affected by the climate change. We analysed water chemistry, chemical composition of Sphagnum tissues (total C, total N, K, P, and a range of trace elements) and biodiversity (abundance, species richness, community composition) of free-living mites (Oribatida and Mesostigmata) in twelve Sphagnum peatlands along the 1600 km transect (54°46′N to 67°29′N) on the West Siberian Plain. Mites were classified into two functional groups – “limnic” (Oribatida species which inhabit aquatic habitats), and “terrestrial” (all other species).

The results showed a latitudinal productivity gradient, with a consistent increase in nutrient content of Sphagnum and water pH from North to South; the northern-most site had lowest N and highest C:N ratio, indicating potential N limitation. There was an increase in levels of Cr, Zn, Ni and Sr in the Sphagnum tissues in proportion to the abundance of lithophile Ti on the southern end of the transect; however, in absolute terms, the concentrations of these elements were low. The abundance patterns of terrestrial and limnic mites reflected increasing nutrient load in Sphagnum bogs from North to South, as well as increasingly xeric conditions. Latitude and nutrients (P and C:N ratio) together explained 67.2 % variability in community composition of Oribatida and Mesostigmata. We found no effect of latitude or productivity on species richness; the main driver for species richness appeared to be the local micro-topography, with dryer areas colonised by a wider range of species. Our data help to elucidate landscape-scale patterns of productivity and biodiversity in West Siberian peatlands and provide a checkpoint in the timeline of global change. As sensitive intrazonal ecosystems, peatlands can act as useful early warning systems, offering insights about the effects of human activities on a large scale.

西西伯利亚平原是世界上最大的泥炭地地区，具有特殊的生态意义，预计将受到气候变化的影响。我们分析了西西伯利亚平原 1600 公里横断面（54°46′N 至 67°29′N）上 12 块泥炭藓泥炭地的水化学、泥炭藓组织的化学成分（总碳、总氮、钾、磷和一系列微量元素）以及自由生活的螨类（Oribatida 和 Mesostigmata）的生物多样性（丰度、物种丰富度和群落组成）。研究结果表明，纬度上存在生产力梯度，从北到南，泥炭藓的养分含量和水的 pH 值持续上升；最北端的地点氮含量最低，碳氮比最高，表明可能存在氮限制。在横断面南端，泥炭藓组织中的铬、锌、镍和锶含量随着嗜石钛丰度的增加而增加；但从绝对值来看，这些元素的浓度较低。陆生螨类和湖沼螨类的丰度模式反映了斯巴格沼泽从北到南营养负荷的增加，以及日益干旱的条件。纬度和养分（P 和 C:N 比率）共同解释了 Oribatida 和 Mesostigmata 群落组成 67.2% 的变化。我们没有发现纬度或生产力对物种丰富度的影响；物种丰富度的主要驱动因素似乎是当地的微地形，较干燥地区的物种种类较多。我们的数据有助于阐明西西伯利亚泥炭地生产力和生物多样性的景观尺度模式，并为全球变化的时间轴提供了一个检验点。作为敏感的区内生态系统，泥炭地可以作为有用的预警系统，提供有关人类活动对大规模影响的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Influences of revegetation type and age on soil C-, N- and P- cycling genes in opencast mining areas on the Loess Plateau 黄土高原露天采矿区植被重建类型和年龄对土壤碳、氮、磷循环基因的影响

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105649

Revegetation is a significant method of environmental restoration that enhances the soil quality and ecosystem functions. Soil microbial functional genes are related to the carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling mechanisms, and are significantly influenced by ecosystem management. However, the soil microbial C-, N- and P-cycling genes' abundance and their regulatory roles in mining revegetation systems remain unclear, especially at long-term time scales. This study focused on the artificial forests of Pinus tabuliformis (PT) and Ulmus pumila (UP) at different growth stages—young (10 years), middle (20 years), and near-mature (30 years)—at the Antaibao open-pit mine reclamation site in the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the soil biotic and abiotic factors had significantly changed from young to mature forests, and they had gradually improved. Functional genes related to N- cycling were the most abundant, followed by C-fixation and P-cycling genes (66.95 vs. 52.08 vs. 20.13 in PT soils; 17.94 vs. 16.51 vs. 9.38 in UP soils), indicating that N-cycling was the dominant biochemical process. Moreover, soil C-cycling genes were primarily linked with the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway (WL cycle) and hemicellulose degradation, while N- and P-cycling genes were associated with ammonification and organic phosphorus mineralization, respectively. The diversity and stability of the microbial functional genes were higher in UP compared to PT, and they increased significantly after 30 years compared to 10 and 20 years for both PT and UP soils (Shannon diversity index values for PT soils: 2.14, 2.66 and 2.70; for UP soils: 1.86, 1.91 and 2.74). The primary regulating factors for the C-, N- and P- cycling functional genes were the soil TN, NO₃⁻-N, URE, and APH in PT soils, while the BD, pH, URE, and APR were the primary factors in UP soils. This study enhances our understanding of the microbial mechanisms involved in vegetation-soil restoration and offers valuable insights to guide ecological restoration in the opencast mining areas on the Loess Plateau.

植被重建是一种重要的环境恢复方法，可提高土壤质量和生态系统功能。土壤微生物功能基因与碳、氮、磷循环机制有关，受生态系统管理的影响很大。然而，土壤微生物碳、氮、磷循环基因的丰度及其在采矿植被重建系统中的调控作用仍不清楚，尤其是在长期时间尺度上。本研究重点研究了黄土高原安太堡露天矿复垦区幼龄（10 年）、中龄（20 年）和近中龄（30 年）不同生长阶段的松树（Pinus tabuliformis，PT）和榆树（Ulmus pumila，UP）人工林。结果表明，从幼林到成熟林，土壤生物和非生物因子发生了显著变化，并逐渐改善。与氮循环相关的功能基因数量最多，其次是固碳和磷循环基因（PT 土壤为 66.95 vs. 52.08 vs. 20.13；UP 土壤为 17.94 vs. 16.51 vs. 9.38），表明氮循环是最主要的生化过程。此外，土壤中的碳循环基因主要与还原乙酰-CoA 途径（WL 循环）和半纤维素降解有关，而氮和磷循环基因则分别与氨化和有机磷矿化有关。与 PT 土壤相比，UP 土壤中微生物功能基因的多样性和稳定性更高，而且 30 年后，PT 和 UP 土壤中微生物功能基因的多样性和稳定性都明显高于 10 年和 20 年（PT 土壤的香农多样性指数值分别为 2.14、2.66 和 2.70；UP 土壤的香农多样性指数值分别为 1.86、1.91 和 2.74）。在PT土壤中，C、N、P循环功能基因的主要调节因子是土壤TN、NO3--N、URE和APH，而在UP土壤中，BD、pH、URE和APR是主要因子。这项研究加深了我们对植被-土壤恢复过程中微生物机制的理解，为指导黄土高原露天开采地区的生态恢复提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Recovery of bacterial network complexity and stability after simulated extreme rainfall is mediated by K−/r-strategy dominance 模拟极端降雨后细菌网络复杂性和稳定性的恢复是由 K-/r-strategy 主导作用促成的

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105657

The complexity and stability of belowground microbial communities are among the core mechanisms that drive ecosystem functions. Disturbances, such as climate extremes, can exert a substantial influence on these microbial attributes. However, the role of the microbial life history strategy in determining the complexity and stability of desert soil microbial communities after extreme rainfall is poorly understood. Here, we explored the response patterns of bacterial network complexity and stability and characterized the bacterial life history strategy on the basis of the oligotroph (K-strategist)-to-copiotroph (r-strategist) ratio after three extreme rainfall treatments (11, 15, and 25 mm). Experimental results demonstrated that the bacterial communities immediately shifted from the K-strategy to the r-strategy one day after extreme rainfall and gradually recovered to the K-strategy over time, as verified by the increase (31.46 %–125.51 %) then decrease (41.51 % – 95.78 %) in the weighted rrn copy number. Meanwhile, bacterial network complexity and stability showed three-phase patterns [dramatic decline (decreased by 211.67 %–388.46 %)–gradual recovery (increased by 45.60 %–103.65 %)–insignificant change] after three extreme rainfall events. The decline/recovery of these bacterial attributes was highly pronounced/slow after the large extreme rainfall treatment. Specifically, the responses of bacterial network complexity and stability to extreme rainfall showed negative correlations with the response of the weighted rrn copy number (R = -0.55 – -0.74, P < 0.01). The mechanisms underlying the response patterns of bacterial network complexity and stability were related to the prevalence of the r-strategy of the bacterial communities (Phase 1) and the shifts from the r-strategy to the K-strategy due to the gradual reduction in soil moisture (Phase 2 and 3). These results emphasize the importance of the microbial life history strategy in maintaining network complexity and stability and help in understanding how belowground communities can withstand future disturbances.

地下微生物群落的复杂性和稳定性是驱动生态系统功能的核心机制之一。极端气候等干扰会对这些微生物属性产生重大影响。然而，人们对极端降雨后微生物生活史策略在决定沙漠土壤微生物群落复杂性和稳定性方面的作用知之甚少。在此，我们探索了细菌网络复杂性和稳定性的响应模式，并根据三种极端降雨处理（11、15 和 25 毫米）后寡养菌（K-策略型）与共养菌（r-策略型）的比例来表征细菌的生活史策略。实验结果表明，在极端降雨一天后，细菌群落立即从 K-策略转向 r-策略，并随着时间的推移逐渐恢复到 K-策略，加权 rrn 拷贝数的增加（31.46 %-125.51 %）和减少（41.51 %-95.78 %）证实了这一点。同时，细菌网络复杂性和稳定性在三次极端降雨事件后呈现出[急剧下降（下降 211.67 %-388.46 %）-逐渐恢复（增加 45.60 %-103.65 %）-无明显变化]的三阶段模式。这些细菌属性的下降/恢复在大极端降雨处理后非常明显/缓慢。具体而言，细菌网络复杂性和稳定性对极端降雨的响应与加权 rrn 拷贝数的响应呈负相关（R = -0.55 -0.74, P <0.01）。细菌网络复杂性和稳定性响应模式的内在机制与细菌群落中 r-策略的流行（第 1 阶段）以及土壤水分逐渐减少导致的 r-策略向 K-策略的转变（第 2 和第 3 阶段）有关。这些结果强调了微生物生活史策略在维持网络复杂性和稳定性方面的重要性，有助于了解地下群落如何抵御未来的干扰。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial composition in saline and alkaline soils regulates plant growth with P-solubilizing bacteria 盐碱土壤中的微生物组成与钾溶解菌共同调节植物生长

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105653

Restoration of coastal wetland vegetation faces hurdles from salinity and alkalinity, especially due to high total soil phosphorus (P) with low bioavailability. P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can aid by converting organic and inorganic P forms into bioavailable phosphate. However, PSB's impact on nutrient availability and plant growth in coastal soils remains unclear due to salinity-alkalinity interactions. Potted Experiments used Suaeda salsa inoculated with salt-alkaline-tolerant PSB strains, Bacillus sp. DYS211 and Exiguobacterium sp. DYS212. Bacterial solution was applied to the soil twice during plant growth. Microbial diversity and composition in rhizosphere bacteria and fungi were studied, alongside soil properties and plant growth. PSB affected rhizosphere microbial composition but not diversity in non-stressed conditions. Under alkalinity, the microbial composition varied more than under salinity stress or mixed stress, suggesting the alkalinity's stronger influence. This is crucial for wetland ecosystem resilience. Microbial sensitivity to pH was reflected in diversity indices, notably a 20 % and 100 % increase in Shannon and Chao indices, respectively, under alkaline compared to salinity. Saline/alkaline stress was the primary driver of rhizosphere microbial diversity and composition, overshadowing PSB addition. Without salts, PSB inoculation decreased plant biomass by 4 % (DYS211) and 13 % (DYS212) due to limited P-solubilization. Under saline and alkaline stress, PSB inoculation decreased soil pH and increased available P, which shift in soil nutrient content then drove the microbial diversity and composition of the rhizosphere, thereby increasing resistance and consequently raised plant height and biomass. Soil total nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K) ratios mainly shaped fungal communities, while pH and the ratios of ammonium, available P, and K primarily governed bacterial diversity and composition. It reveals specific ecological niches and strategies of fungi and bacteria. Regulating soil pH and nutrient ratios optimizes rhizosphere microbiome, ultimately promoting plant growth.

沿海湿地植被的恢复面临着盐度和碱度带来的障碍，特别是由于土壤总磷（P）含量高，生物利用率低。磷溶解细菌（PSB）可将有机和无机磷转化为生物可利用的磷酸盐。然而，由于盐度和碱度之间的相互作用，PSB 对沿海土壤养分可用性和植物生长的影响仍不清楚。盆栽实验使用接种了耐盐碱的 PSB 菌株（芽孢杆菌 DYS211 和外杆菌 DYS212）的 Suaeda salsa。在植物生长期间，向土壤中施加两次细菌溶液。在研究土壤性质和植物生长的同时，还研究了根圈细菌和真菌的微生物多样性和组成。在非胁迫条件下，PSB 会影响根圈微生物的组成，但不会影响多样性。与盐度胁迫或混合胁迫相比，碱度胁迫下微生物组成的变化更大，这表明碱度的影响更大。这对湿地生态系统的恢复能力至关重要。微生物对 pH 值的敏感性反映在多样性指数上，与盐度相比，碱性条件下的香农指数和超指数分别增加了 20% 和 100%。盐/碱胁迫是根瘤菌群微生物多样性和组成的主要驱动因素，其重要性超过了添加的 PSB。在没有盐分的情况下，接种 PSB 会使植物生物量减少 4%（DYS211）和 13%（DYS212），原因是钾溶解有限。在盐碱胁迫下，PSB 接种降低了土壤 pH 值，增加了可利用的钾，土壤养分含量的变化促进了根圈微生物的多样性和组成，从而增强了抗性，进而提高了植株高度和生物量。土壤总氮（N）、总磷（P）和总钾（K）的比例主要影响真菌群落，而 pH 值以及铵、可利用磷和钾的比例则主要影响细菌的多样性和组成。它揭示了真菌和细菌的特定生态位和策略。调节土壤酸碱度和养分比例可优化根瘤菌群，最终促进植物生长。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term stationary fertilization decreased soil health in field-grown sweetpotato by increasing soil-borne diseases or allelochemicals 长期固定施肥会增加土传病害或等位化学物质，从而降低田间种植甘薯的土壤健康水平

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105658

Fertilization are commonly used strategies to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles, but long-term stationary fertilization also causes varying degrees of soil barriers that hinder the growth of crop with the extension of planting years. However, there was currently a lack of systematic research on which soil properties change caused by long-term stationary fertilization were the reasons for the production obstacles in sweetpotato-planting fields. Here, soil samples from a 21-year-old continuously sweetpotato-planting field covering four fertilizations (CK: no fertilizer; M: organic manure only; NPK: chemical fertilizer only; MNPK: chemical fertilizer plus organic manure) were collected and analyzed. Compared with CK, fertilization significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon content, the activities of urease, invertase and alkaline phosphatase, and the increase amplitudes in these indicators was the largest in MNPK. Moreover, fertilization significantly decreased the relative abundance of harmful fungi (i.e., Gibberella_avenacea, Alternaria_alternata, Mortierella_alpina, etc.) compared with CK. Especially, the relative abundance of fungal pathogens, Fusarium_oxysporum and Fusarium_proliferatum, showed a trend of MNPK<M < NPK. The abundance of plant-parasites nematodes in M and NPK were higher than that of CK, while long-term application of MNPK decreased the abundance of plant-parasites nematodes compared with CK. Suggesting that fertilization, especially applied MNPK, resulted in a faster cycling of soil nutrients and, to some extent, reduced soil fungal diseases and plant-parasites nematodes abundance, which was positively related to sweetpotato yield based on RDA analysis. However, high concentration of phenolic acids (i.e., syringic acid, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, etc.) were still observed in MNPK. Our results demonstrated that long-term fertilization, especially MNPK, can improve soil nutrient cycling and decrease the abundance of some harmful fungi and plant-parasites nematodes, while lead to the accumulation of phenolic acids. Therefore, the potential hazards of phenolic acids derived from long-term application of MNPK in sweetpotato-planting fields were deserved further attention.

施肥是缓解连作障碍的常用策略，但随着种植年限的延长，长期固定施肥也会造成不同程度的土壤障碍，阻碍作物生长。然而，长期固定施肥导致的土壤性质变化是造成甘薯种植田生产障碍的原因，目前还缺乏系统的研究。本文收集并分析了一块 21 年连续种植甘薯的田地的土壤样本，包括四种施肥方式（CK：不施肥；M：只施有机肥；NPK：只施化肥；MNPK：化肥加有机肥）。与 CK 相比，施肥显著提高了土壤微生物生物量碳含量、脲酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性，其中 MNPK 的这些指标的增幅最大。此外，与 CK 相比，施肥明显降低了有害真菌（即 Gibberella_avenacea、Alternaria_alternata、Mortierella_alpina 等）的相对丰度。特别是真菌病原体 Fusarium_oxysporum 和 Fusarium_proliferatum，其相对丰度呈 MNPK<M < NPK 的趋势。在 M 和 NPK 中，植物寄生线虫的数量高于 CK，而长期施用 MNPK 则比 CK 降低了植物寄生线虫的数量。这表明施肥，尤其是施用 MNPK，可加快土壤养分的循环，并在一定程度上减少土壤真菌病害和植物寄生线虫的数量，根据 RDA 分析，这与甘薯产量呈正相关。然而，在 MNPK 中仍然观察到高浓度的酚酸（即丁香酸、丁香醛、香草酸、香兰素、阿魏酸和对香豆酸等）。我们的研究结果表明，长期施肥，尤其是 MNPK，可以改善土壤养分循环，降低一些有害真菌和植物寄生线虫的数量，同时导致酚酸的积累。因此，在甘薯种植田中长期施用 MNPK 所产生的酚酸的潜在危害值得进一步关注。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in soil microbial community and function across stand age of Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis plantations in subtropical China 中国亚热带地区山杏种植园不同树龄土壤微生物群落和功能的变化

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105645

Microbial communities are important influencing factors in soil biogeochemical cycling. Differences in stand age can affect microbial communities and functions by altering soil biochemical characteristics. Studying the changes in soil microbial communities and functions at different ages of Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management of plantations. Therefore, we collected soil samples from different soil depths from 7- (7a), 13- (13a), 24- (24a), 33- (33a), and 53-year (53a) C. japonica var. sinensis plantations, to assess the differences in soil biochemical characteristics, soil bacterial and fungal communities, soil enzyme activity, and soil respiration rate. Results showed that as the stand age increases, the ACE and Shannon indices of fungal communities showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, whereas the Chao 1 index showed an increasing trend. The ACE and Shannon indices of bacterial communities did not change with stand age, but the Chao1 index decreased with an increase in stand age. In addition, the fungal ACE and Chao1 indices and bacterial Shannon index were higher at the 0–15 cm depth than at the 15–30 cm depth. Soil microbial community composition varied with stand age and soil depth, including Proteobacteria and Unclassified_k_Fungi relative abundances, and their functional groups' (nitrogen cycling-related bacteria, saprophytic fungi, pathogens, and ectomycorrhizal fungi) relative abundances. In addition, stand age will indirectly affect soil microbial function by influencing soil biochemical characteristics and microbial communities at the 0–15 cm depth, whereas at the 15–30 cm depth, there is no direct or indirect impact on the above indicators. In summary, significant variations exist in soil microbial communities and their functions across stand ages, and these differences will further vary between soil depths. Our research contributes to a better understanding of the impact of different ages of afforestation on soil biogeochemical cycling, providing valuable microbial information for the sustainable management of C. japonica var. sinensis forests in the future.

微生物群落是土壤生物地球化学循环的重要影响因素。不同树龄的林木会通过改变土壤生化特性来影响微生物群落和功能。研究不同树龄的中国隐花植物土壤微生物群落和功能的变化，可以为科学管理人工林提供理论依据。因此，我们采集了 7 年生（7a）、13 年生（13a）、24 年生（24a）、33 年生（33a）和 53 年生（53a）的不同土壤深度的土壤样品，以评估土壤生化特征、土壤细菌和真菌群落、土壤酶活性和土壤呼吸速率的差异。结果表明，随着林龄的增加，真菌群落的 ACE 和香农指数呈先上升后下降的趋势，而超 1 指数呈上升趋势。细菌群落的 ACE 和香农指数没有随着林龄的增加而变化，但 Chao1 指数随着林龄的增加而降低。此外，0-15 厘米深度的真菌 ACE 和 Chao1 指数以及细菌香农指数均高于 15-30 厘米深度。土壤微生物群落组成随林龄和土壤深度的变化而变化，包括蛋白细菌和未分类 k 真菌的相对丰度及其功能群（氮循环相关细菌、吸水真菌、病原菌和外生菌根真菌）的相对丰度。此外，林分年龄会影响 0-15 厘米深度的土壤生化特征和微生物群落，从而间接影响土壤微生物功能；而在 15-30 厘米深度，则不会对上述指标产生直接或间接影响。总之，不同林龄的土壤微生物群落及其功能存在显著差异，而这些差异在不同土壤深度还会进一步加剧。我们的研究有助于更好地理解不同造林年龄对土壤生物地球化学循环的影响，为未来中华楠木林的可持续管理提供宝贵的微生物信息。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of microplastic pollution on soil health and crop responses: Insights from dose-dependent pot experiments 评估微塑料污染对土壤健康和作物反应的影响：剂量依赖性盆栽实验的启示

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105648

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging concern for soil health and crop productivity, yet its impacts remain poorly understood. This study addresses the critical issue by investigating the effects of MP contamination in agricultural soils through both field and pot experiments. Field analysis identified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene in soil and plant roots, with MPs primarily concentrated in the upper soil layers. In controlled pot experiments, Brassica juncea (mustard) and Lycopersicum solanaceae (tomato) were exposed to varying concentrations of PET, polystyrene (PS) and nylon (NL). The results demonstrated dose-dependent effects on soil properties, including significant reductions in pH and available nitrogen levels at 5 % and 10 % MP concentrations (p < 0.05). PS at 5 % notably suppressed the leaf area index, while 10 % NL reduced root length and chlorophyll content. PET was particularly detrimental to root growth in both species. Among the polymers, NL (10 %) emerged as the most hazardous, with a high Potential Hazard Index score and a hazard category IV. The findings underscore the potential risks of MP pollution in the terrestrial environment, highlighting its adverse effects on soil health and plant growth. Future research should focus on enzyme activity and biochemical responses to provide deeper insights. Additionally, exploring phytoremediation techniques could offer innovative solutions to mitigate MP contamination in soils.

微塑料（MP）污染是影响土壤健康和作物生产力的一个新问题，但人们对其影响仍然知之甚少。本研究通过田间和盆栽实验研究了农业土壤中 MP 污染的影响，从而解决了这一关键问题。田间分析在土壤和植物根部发现了聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）和高密度聚乙烯，其中 MP 主要集中在土壤上层。在对照盆栽实验中，芥菜（Brassica juncea）和番茄（Lycopersicum solanaceae）暴露于不同浓度的 PET、聚苯乙烯（PS）和尼龙（NL）中。结果显示了对土壤性质的剂量依赖性影响，包括 5 % 和 10 % MP 浓度下 pH 值和可利用氮水平的显著降低（p < 0.05）。5 % 的 PS 显著抑制了叶面积指数，而 10 % 的 NL 则减少了根的长度和叶绿素含量。PET 尤其不利于两种植物根系的生长。在聚合物中，NL（10%）的危害最大，其潜在危害指数得分较高，危害类别为 IV。研究结果强调了陆地环境中 MP 污染的潜在风险，突出了其对土壤健康和植物生长的不利影响。未来的研究应侧重于酶活性和生化反应，以提供更深入的见解。此外，探索植物修复技术可为减轻土壤中的 MP 污染提供创新解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of water and fertilizer reduction and conditioner addition on the biological characteristics of soil nutrient transformation and potato yield 水肥减量和添加调理剂对土壤养分转化生物特性和马铃薯产量的影响机制

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105634

Over-irrigation and over-fertilization waste a lot of water and fertilizer nutrients, increasing cost and environmental pollution in semi-arid areas. Soil conditioner has multiple beneficial effects in agricultural production, but the effects of soil conditioner addition combined with water and fertilizer reduction on crop growth and yield are still unclear. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of conventional irrigation (6.23 × 10³ m³/ha) and fertilization (N: 225 kg/ha; P₂O₅: 350 kg/ha; K₂O: 400 kg/ha) (CK), 30 % water reduction combined with conditioner addition (RI), 30 % fertilizer reduction combined with conditioner addition (RF), and 30 % water reduction combined with 30 % fertilizer reduction and conditioner addition (RIF) on the soil nutrient transformation and potato yield were explored from the perspectives of soil microbial community and metabolome. The results showed that RI, RF, and RIF treatments all reduced soil total organic carbon (TOC) content, increased soil NO₃⁻-N content, and changed the composition of soil bacterial community and rhizosphere soil metabolites. Specifically, RI and RIF treatments significantly reduced the Shannon index and Chao1 index of soil bacterial community and the quantity of metabolite types in rhizosphere soil. However, RF treatment increased the quantity of metabolite types in rhizosphere soil, especially the metabolites involved in the Alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism and Biotin metabolism pathways. In addition, RI and RF treatments increased the phosphorus accumulation in plants while maintaining the yield compared with CK. The redundancy analysis and Mantel test found that soil TOC and NO₃⁻-N content significantly affected soil differential bacterial genera, and the differential bacterial genera and differential abundant metabolites (DAMs) in rhizosphere regulated potato yield by affecting plant nutrient uptake and dry matter yield. The structural equation model and path effect analysis found that plant nutrient uptake was the main factor influencing potato yield. Soil NO₃⁻-N content and differential bacterial genera directly affected plant nutrient uptake, and soil TOC and starch and sucrose metabolism indirectly affected plant nutrient uptake. This study will provide a technical reference for increasing potato yield, reducing potato planting costs, and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

在半干旱地区，过度灌溉和过度施肥浪费了大量的水和肥料养分，增加了成本和环境污染。土壤调理剂在农业生产中具有多重有益作用，但土壤调理剂的添加与水肥减少相结合对作物生长和产量的影响尚不明确。本研究从土壤微生物群落和代谢组的角度，探讨了常规灌溉（6.23 × 103 m3/ha）和施肥（N：225 kg/ha；P2O5：350 kg/ha；K2O：400 kg/ha）（CK）、减水 30% 结合添加调理剂（RI）、减肥 30% 结合添加调理剂（RF）以及减水 30% 结合减肥 30% 添加调理剂（RIF）对土壤养分转化和马铃薯产量的影响和机制。结果表明，RI、RF 和 RIF 处理均降低了土壤总有机碳（TOC）含量，增加了土壤 NO3-N 含量，并改变了土壤细菌群落和根圈土壤代谢产物的组成。具体而言，RI 和 RIF 处理明显降低了土壤细菌群落的香农指数和 Chao1 指数以及根圈土壤代谢物的数量。然而，RF 处理增加了根圈土壤中代谢物种类的数量，尤其是参与α-亚麻酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及生物素代谢途径的代谢物。此外，与 CK 相比，RI 和 RF 处理在保持产量的同时增加了植物体内的磷积累。通过冗余分析和曼特尔检验发现，土壤总有机碳（TOC）和氮氧化物（NO3--N）含量对土壤差异菌属有显著影响，根圈中的差异菌属和差异丰产代谢物（DAMs）通过影响植物养分吸收和干物质产量来调控马铃薯产量。结构方程模型和路径效应分析发现，植物养分吸收是影响马铃薯产量的主要因素。土壤NO3--N含量和不同细菌属直接影响植物对养分的吸收，土壤TOC和淀粉、蔗糖代谢间接影响植物对养分的吸收。这项研究将为提高马铃薯产量、降低马铃薯种植成本、实现农业可持续发展提供技术参考。

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引用次数: 0

Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria combined with sticky glutinous rice paste accelerated the vegetation recovery of spoil material under drought conditions 磷溶解细菌与糯米糊相结合，加速了干旱条件下腐败物质的植被恢复

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105647

Phosphorus is one of the most important limiting nutrients for the ecological restoration of spoil material (SM). Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can improve the bioavailability of phosphorus in SM. Sticky glutinous rice paste (SGRP) is an eco-friendly water-retaining polymer commonly used for the ecological restoration of arid regions. However, the effect of SGRP and PSB on the phosphorus biotransformation and ecological restoration of SM is unknown. In this study, a PSB named Stenotrophomonas ML4 was isolated from SM and the role of SGRP and ML4 in promoting the ecological restoration of SM under drought conditions was investigated. Soil microcosm experiment showed that adding SGRP increased the soil moisture content and agglomeration, promoted ML4 colonization and secretion of extracellular polymers (EPS). The co-application of 25 % SGRP and 10 % ML4 increased the available phosphorus, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, and urease. In addition, the bacterial diversity and the abundance of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction were also enhanced by SGRP and ML4. The pot experiment further verified that the combination of SGRP and ML4 promoted superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities of vetiver by 180.92 %, 69.04 %, 83.76 %, respectively, and increased the fresh weight of vetiver by 191.86 %. Our results showed that SGRP and ML4 could promote the dissolution of phosphorus and plant growth, which may be an effective way for in-situ ecological restoration of SM.

磷是破坏性材料（SM）生态恢复最重要的限制性养分之一。磷酸盐溶解菌（PSB）可以提高磷在土壤中的生物利用率。粘性糯米糊（SGRP）是一种环保型保水聚合物，常用于干旱地区的生态修复。然而，SGRP 和 PSB 对 SM 中磷的生物转化和生态恢复的影响尚不清楚。本研究从 SM 中分离出一种名为 Stenotrophomonas ML4 的 PSB，并研究了 SGRP 和 ML4 在干旱条件下促进 SM 生态恢复的作用。土壤微生态系统实验表明，添加 SGRP 增加了土壤含水量和团聚度，促进了 ML4 的定殖和胞外聚合物（EPS）的分泌。同时施用 25% 的 SGRP 和 10% 的 ML4 可增加可用磷以及碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶的活性。此外，SGRP 和 ML4 还提高了细菌的多样性以及碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和信号转导相关基因的丰度。盆栽实验进一步验证了 SGRP 和 ML4 的组合能促进香根草的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高 180.92 %、69.04 % 和 83.76 %，并使香根草的鲜重增加 191.86 %。结果表明，SGRP 和 ML4 能促进磷的溶解和植物的生长，可能是 SM 原位生态恢复的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Straw returning and reducing nitrogen application rates maintain maize yields and reduce gaseous nitrogen emissions from black soil maize fields 秸秆还田和减少氮肥施用量可保持玉米产量并减少黑土玉米田的气态氮排放

IF 4.8 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105637

Gaseous nitrogen (NH₃ and N₂O) emissions are an important pathway for nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural lands, and reducing gaseous N emissions is an effective way to improve N use efficiency and mitigate environmental degradation. Here, a two-year experiment with two straw return methods (F: straw mulching and X: straw rotary tillage) and four N application rates (N1:250 kg N ha⁻¹, N2: 225 kg N ha⁻¹, N3: 200 kg N ha⁻¹, and N4: 175 kg N ha⁻¹) was conducted to investigate the effects of different straw return methods and N application rates on gaseous N emissions from maize fields in the black soil region of northeast China. The traditional N application (250 kg N ha⁻¹) rate combined with straw removal was used as a control treatment (CK). The average results of the two-year trial showed that compared with the CK treatment, when the N rate was at least 200 kg N ha⁻¹, straw returning combined with N fertilizer significantly increased the mean maize yield by 3.58 %, reduced gaseous N emissions by 16.63 % and the mean proportion of gaseous N emissions (PGN) by 7.38 %, and increased the mean apparent N recovery efficiency (NAR) by 50.29 %. Yield reduction occurred when N application was below 200 kg N ha⁻¹, with the FN4 and XN4 treatments showing average reductions of 3.91 % and 4.74 %, respectively, over the two years compared with the CK treatment. At the same level of N application, maize yield was increased by 2.53 %, 1.57 %, and 1.40 % in FN1, FN2, and FN3 treatments, respectively; gaseous N emissions were reduced by 10.09 %, 11.45 %, and 14.05 %, respectively, and NAR was increased by 26.63 %, 16.54 %, and 9.36 %, respectively, compared with the XN1, XN2, and XN3 treatments. Compared with the X mode, the F mode increased yields, reduced gaseous N emissions and PGN, and increased NAR. The comprehensive assessment results of a fuzzy matter-element-entropy weight model showed that straw mulching returning with 20 % N reduction (FN3 treatment) was the most suitable field management measure for the area, realizing the compatibility of emission reduction, stable yield, and increased efficiency.

气态氮（NH3 和 N2O）排放是农田氮（N）流失的重要途径，减少气态氮排放是提高氮利用效率、缓解环境退化的有效方法。本文采用两种秸秆还田方式（F：秸秆覆盖和 X：秸秆旋耕）和四种施氮量（N1:250 kg N ha-1、N2:225 kg N ha-1、N3:200 kg N ha-1和 N4:175 kg N ha-1）进行了为期两年的试验，研究了不同秸秆还田方式和施氮量对东北黑土区玉米田气态氮排放的影响。传统施氮量（250 kg N ha-1）与秸秆还田相结合作为对照处理（CK）。两年试验的平均结果表明，与 CK 处理相比，当施氮量至少为 200 kg N ha-1 时，秸秆还田结合施肥显著提高玉米平均产量 3.58%，减少气态氮排放 16.63%，气态氮排放平均比例（PGN）减少 7.38%，平均表观氮回收效率（NAR）提高 50.29%。当施氮量低于 200 千克/公顷时，会出现减产，与 CK 处理相比，FN4 和 XN4 处理两年的平均减产率分别为 3.91 % 和 4.74 %。与 XN1、XN2 和 XN3 处理相比，在相同氮肥施用量下，FN1、FN2 和 FN3 处理的玉米产量分别增加了 2.53 %、1.57 % 和 1.40 %；气态氮排放量分别减少了 10.09 %、11.45 % 和 14.05 %，净含量分别增加了 26.63 %、16.54 % 和 9.36 %。与 X 模式相比，F 模式提高了产量，减少了气态氮排放和 PGN，并提高了 NAR。模糊物质-元素-熵权模型的综合评估结果表明，秸秆覆盖还田减氮20%（FN3处理）是最适合该地区的田间管理措施，实现了减排、稳产和增效的兼顾。

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引用次数: 0