Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.1.001006
Samira Khlayw, A. Abbas, Sabreen Abd-El Hadi, A. Hussein
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil type (structure) and different dumping depths of larvae and pupae within the soil on the emergence rate of adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, which is considered a major pest affecting citrus and stone fruits orchards. Three soil types were selected: sandy clay, clay loam and loam and for each type six dumping depths were tested (3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 cm).The results showed that the soil type had a significant effect on the adults emergence rate, and the highest rate was recorded for the sandy clay soil, when using the last larval instars (pre-pupae) and pupal stages, and reached 55.28 and 51.66%, respectively. The results also showed that the soil type and dumping depth together have a significant effect on the adults' emergence rate of the Mediterranean fruit fly. The sandy clay soil and the two depths, 5 and 7 cm, gave the highest emergence rate which was 73.3 and 71.67%, respectively, when using the last larval instar. Whereas, the clay loam soil gave at 3 and 5 cm soil depths a 70% emergence rate for both dumping levels. The results also showed that the two soil types sandy clay and loam showed that the emergence of adults continued even at 20 cm depth. The results obtained in this research can be incorporated to the practices used for the integrated management of the Mediterranean fruit fly C. capitata. Keywords: Mediterranean fruit fly, soil type, soil depth, adults' emergence rate.
{"title":"Effect of Different Types of Iraqi Soils and Burial Depths of the Larvae and Pupae on the Adult Emergence Rate of the Mediterranean Fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Under Laboratory Conditions.","authors":"Samira Khlayw, A. Abbas, Sabreen Abd-El Hadi, A. Hussein","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.1.001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.1.001006","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil type (structure) and different dumping depths of larvae and pupae within the soil on the emergence rate of adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, which is considered a major pest affecting citrus and stone fruits orchards. Three soil types were selected: sandy clay, clay loam and loam and for each type six dumping depths were tested (3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 cm).The results showed that the soil type had a significant effect on the adults emergence rate, and the highest rate was recorded for the sandy clay soil, when using the last larval instars (pre-pupae) and pupal stages, and reached 55.28 and 51.66%, respectively. The results also showed that the soil type and dumping depth together have a significant effect on the adults' emergence rate of the Mediterranean fruit fly. The sandy clay soil and the two depths, 5 and 7 cm, gave the highest emergence rate which was 73.3 and 71.67%, respectively, when using the last larval instar. Whereas, the clay loam soil gave at 3 and 5 cm soil depths a 70% emergence rate for both dumping levels. The results also showed that the two soil types sandy clay and loam showed that the emergence of adults continued even at 20 cm depth. The results obtained in this research can be incorporated to the practices used for the integrated management of the Mediterranean fruit fly C. capitata. Keywords: Mediterranean fruit fly, soil type, soil depth, adults' emergence rate.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86952515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.280285
Mary Hosh, S. Tabbache, Dina A Haddad, H. Habak
Hosh, M., S. Tabbache, D. Haddad and H. Habak. 2022. The Effect of Dried Powdered Leaves of Radish (Rhaphanus sativus L.) in Decreasing the Parasitism of Orobanche ramosa L. on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grown in Greenhouses. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 280-285. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.280285 The allelopathic effect of dried leaves powder mixed with soil at concentrations of 1, 2, 4% of Raphanus sativus on both parasitic weed Orobanche ramosa L. germination and growth of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. plants was studied. The results obtained showed that the R. sativus powder at 2 and 4% concentrations, was effective in decreasing the average number of O. ramosa tubers which reached 4.20 and 2.00 tubers/plant, respectively, compared to the control which was 48.80 tubers/plant, and decreased the average length of Orobanche branches to 2.67 and 0.53 cm, respectively, compared to 10.33 cm for the control. Furthermore, Orobanche dry weight reached 0.80 and 0.02 g, respectively, in response to the two concentrations of the radish powder, compared to 4.24 g for the control. There was no negative effect on the growth and weight of tomato plants when treated with radish powder, suggesting the effectiveness of radish leaves powder added to the soil as an effective biological material in reducing the incidence of branched broomrape Orobanche ramose L., and protecting tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum L. from this parasitic weed. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, Orobanche ramose, Allelopathic effect, Raphanus sativus, radish
M. Hosh, S. Tabbache, D. Haddad和H. Habak. 2022。萝卜干粉叶对番茄小蠹寄生的抑制作用在温室中种植。植物保护学报，40(3):280-285。https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.280285研究了Raphanus sativus 1、2、4%浓度的干叶粉与土壤混合对寄生杂草Orobanche ramosa L.萌发和番茄茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)植株生长的化感作用。结果表明，浓度为2%和4%的红花粉能有效地减少花楸的平均块茎数，分别为4.20和2.00根/株，而对照为48.80根/株;红花枝的平均长度分别为2.67和0.53 cm，而对照为10.33 cm。此外，两种浓度的萝卜粉处理后，orobche的干重分别达到0.80和0.02 g，而对照组为4.24 g。萝卜粉处理对番茄植株的生长和重量没有负面影响，说明土壤中添加萝卜叶粉作为一种有效的生物材料，可以有效地降低分枝飞天菜花(Orobanche ramose L.)的发病率，并保护番茄植株免遭这种寄生杂草的侵害。关键词:番茄茄，山楂，化感作用，萝卜，萝卜
{"title":"The Effect of Dried Powdered Leaves of Radish (Rhaphanus sativus L.) in Decreasing the Parasitism of Orobanche ramosa L. on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grown in Greenhouses","authors":"Mary Hosh, S. Tabbache, Dina A Haddad, H. Habak","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.280285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.280285","url":null,"abstract":"Hosh, M., S. Tabbache, D. Haddad and H. Habak. 2022. The Effect of Dried Powdered Leaves of Radish (Rhaphanus sativus L.) in Decreasing the Parasitism of Orobanche ramosa L. on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grown in Greenhouses. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 280-285. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.280285 The allelopathic effect of dried leaves powder mixed with soil at concentrations of 1, 2, 4% of Raphanus sativus on both parasitic weed Orobanche ramosa L. germination and growth of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. plants was studied. The results obtained showed that the R. sativus powder at 2 and 4% concentrations, was effective in decreasing the average number of O. ramosa tubers which reached 4.20 and 2.00 tubers/plant, respectively, compared to the control which was 48.80 tubers/plant, and decreased the average length of Orobanche branches to 2.67 and 0.53 cm, respectively, compared to 10.33 cm for the control. Furthermore, Orobanche dry weight reached 0.80 and 0.02 g, respectively, in response to the two concentrations of the radish powder, compared to 4.24 g for the control. There was no negative effect on the growth and weight of tomato plants when treated with radish powder, suggesting the effectiveness of radish leaves powder added to the soil as an effective biological material in reducing the incidence of branched broomrape Orobanche ramose L., and protecting tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum L. from this parasitic weed. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, Orobanche ramose, Allelopathic effect, Raphanus sativus, radish","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"134 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90818855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.1.037047
S. Hussein, A. Ali, Huriya Al-Juboory
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the biocontrol fungi Chaetomium cupreum, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and some chemical nutrients that stimulate plant growth, such as calcium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, aqueous magnesium sulfate, copper and boron in controlling some common soil-borne pathogenic fungi and evaluating their role in stimulating plant growth. All the bioagents showed significant antagonistic efficiency In vitro against the pathogenic fungi Drechslera Halodes, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. Under greenhouse conditions, BC treatment composed of biological and chemical elements, achieved the highest germination rate for tomato, cucumber and cowpea seeds inoculated with the pathogenic fungi, and reached 95.83-100.00% compared to 36.67- 47.50% for the control treatment. BC treatment also excelled in reducing disease incidence and severity, as the disease rate reached 0% compared to 95.83-99.17 % for the inoculated control treatment, and without significant difference with the non-inoculated (healthy) control. In addition, the BC treatment produced 0 % disease severity rate as compared to 82.58-85.83% for the inoculated control, and without significant difference with non-inoculated control. Furthermore, the BC treatment was superior to the rest of the treatments in increasing dry weight of all the plant species tested. Keywords: Chaetomium cupreum, Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisia, Soil-borne fungi, biological control.
{"title":"Evaluation of Some Biological and Chemical Elements in Controlling Some Soil-borne Fungi and Stimulating Plant Growth","authors":"S. Hussein, A. Ali, Huriya Al-Juboory","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.1.037047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.1.037047","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the biocontrol fungi Chaetomium cupreum, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and some chemical nutrients that stimulate plant growth, such as calcium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, aqueous magnesium sulfate, copper and boron in controlling some common soil-borne pathogenic fungi and evaluating their role in stimulating plant growth. All the bioagents showed significant antagonistic efficiency In vitro against the pathogenic fungi Drechslera Halodes, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. Under greenhouse conditions, BC treatment composed of biological and chemical elements, achieved the highest germination rate for tomato, cucumber and cowpea seeds inoculated with the pathogenic fungi, and reached 95.83-100.00% compared to 36.67- 47.50% for the control treatment. BC treatment also excelled in reducing disease incidence and severity, as the disease rate reached 0% compared to 95.83-99.17 % for the inoculated control treatment, and without significant difference with the non-inoculated (healthy) control. In addition, the BC treatment produced 0 % disease severity rate as compared to 82.58-85.83% for the inoculated control, and without significant difference with non-inoculated control. Furthermore, the BC treatment was superior to the rest of the treatments in increasing dry weight of all the plant species tested. Keywords: Chaetomium cupreum, Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisia, Soil-borne fungi, biological control.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76885485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.4.307314
Maath Zrayki, A. Bashir, G. Ibrahim
Zrayki, M., A.N. Bashir and Gh. Ibrahim. 2022. Evaluation of the Effect of Some Food Sources on Life Indicators of the Parasitoid Psytalia concolor. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 307-314. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.307314 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of some food sources on some of the biological indicators of the parasitoid Psytalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In the sugar diet, the following sugar sources were used: sucrose and yeast, glucose, fructose, sucrose, honey solution, and the honeydew obtained from the black scale olive insect Saissetia oleae and Euphyllura olivina, and water as control. In the protein diet, the amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine and proline were used, with a mixture of them and distilled water as control. The results obtained showed differences in the effect of sugar type on the life span of both males and females, and the females' life span were longer than the males' life span in all tested groups, suggesting that the female's food requirements were higher than that of the males to provide energy for maturation and laying eggs. Results obtained also showed that P. concolor females fed on sucrose had lower average life span compared to other tested sugars and solid food. The protein feeding of the P. concolor parasitoid is very important because the females depend on the protein nutrition of the flowers to complete their sexual maturity. Nutrients such as proteins, amino acids and vitamins are also important for the activity and effectiveness of the insect parasitoids . Keywords: Psytalia concolor, glucose, honeydew, amino acids, Proline
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Some Food Sources on Life Indicators of the Parasitoid Psytalia concolor","authors":"Maath Zrayki, A. Bashir, G. Ibrahim","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.307314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.307314","url":null,"abstract":"Zrayki, M., A.N. Bashir and Gh. Ibrahim. 2022. Evaluation of the Effect of Some Food Sources on Life Indicators of the Parasitoid Psytalia concolor. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 307-314. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.307314 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of some food sources on some of the biological indicators of the parasitoid Psytalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In the sugar diet, the following sugar sources were used: sucrose and yeast, glucose, fructose, sucrose, honey solution, and the honeydew obtained from the black scale olive insect Saissetia oleae and Euphyllura olivina, and water as control. In the protein diet, the amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine and proline were used, with a mixture of them and distilled water as control. The results obtained showed differences in the effect of sugar type on the life span of both males and females, and the females' life span were longer than the males' life span in all tested groups, suggesting that the female's food requirements were higher than that of the males to provide energy for maturation and laying eggs. Results obtained also showed that P. concolor females fed on sucrose had lower average life span compared to other tested sugars and solid food. The protein feeding of the P. concolor parasitoid is very important because the females depend on the protein nutrition of the flowers to complete their sexual maturity. Nutrients such as proteins, amino acids and vitamins are also important for the activity and effectiveness of the insect parasitoids . Keywords: Psytalia concolor, glucose, honeydew, amino acids, Proline","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74330894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.240246
Thuraya A. Al-Saadi, F. Hermize
Al-Saadi, Th.A.M. and F.B. Hermize. 2022. Assessment of Ozone Gas Efficiency on the Biological Aspects of the Fig Moth Ephestia cautella on Zahdi Date. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 240-246. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP40.3.240246 This study aimed to assess the efficiency of ozone gas in controlling the different stages of the fig moth Ephestia cautella (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) (eggs, larvae, pupa, adults) that infect dates in storage. Four gas exposure periods (30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) were evaluated and the mortality rate of the different insect stages increased with increase in the exposure time. The mortality rate of insect adults reached 100% after an exposure period of 120 minutes, whereas the mortality rate of insect pupa was 66.66%. The mortality rate of larvae reached 100% following an exposure period to ozone gas of 120 minutes and five days after exposure. The study also showed that exposure of eggs to 120 minutes of ozone gas led to an inhibition of egg hatching rate of 37.47%, whereas the lowest insect eggs inhibition rate following 30 minutes 245 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 40, No. 3 (2022) exposure to ozone gas was 16.66%. The study also showed that the adults of Ephestia cautella were most affected when treated with ozone gas followed by larvae, whereas pupa and eggs were the least affected when treated with ozone gas. Keywords: fig moth, Ephestia cautella, Zahdi date, ozone gas.
{"title":"Assessment of Ozone Gas Efficiency on the Biological Aspects of the Fig Moth Ephestia cautella on Zahdi Date","authors":"Thuraya A. Al-Saadi, F. Hermize","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.240246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.240246","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Saadi, Th.A.M. and F.B. Hermize. 2022. Assessment of Ozone Gas Efficiency on the Biological Aspects of the Fig Moth Ephestia cautella on Zahdi Date. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 240-246. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP40.3.240246 This study aimed to assess the efficiency of ozone gas in controlling the different stages of the fig moth Ephestia cautella (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) (eggs, larvae, pupa, adults) that infect dates in storage. Four gas exposure periods (30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) were evaluated and the mortality rate of the different insect stages increased with increase in the exposure time. The mortality rate of insect adults reached 100% after an exposure period of 120 minutes, whereas the mortality rate of insect pupa was 66.66%. The mortality rate of larvae reached 100% following an exposure period to ozone gas of 120 minutes and five days after exposure. The study also showed that exposure of eggs to 120 minutes of ozone gas led to an inhibition of egg hatching rate of 37.47%, whereas the lowest insect eggs inhibition rate following 30 minutes 245 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 40, No. 3 (2022) exposure to ozone gas was 16.66%. The study also showed that the adults of Ephestia cautella were most affected when treated with ozone gas followed by larvae, whereas pupa and eggs were the least affected when treated with ozone gas. Keywords: fig moth, Ephestia cautella, Zahdi date, ozone gas.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79334823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.4.346350
S. M. Saadoon, M. Sergany, H. Mona, Ali M.M. Reham, S. Gad.
Saadoon, S.M., M.I. Sergany, H.E.M. Mona, A.M.M. Reham and S.B. Gad. 2022. The Efficiency of Using Some Natural Compounds for Management of Citrus Nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 346-350. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.346350 The efficacy of chitosan and propolis as well as alcohol and aqueous extracts of cabbage, garlic and ziziphus as bio agents was conducted against Tylenchulus semipenetrans infecting sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) under greenhouse conditions. All the tested bio-agents significantly reduced in the numbers of nematodes in soil, galls formation and egg masses than those in the untreated (control) and improved plant growth. Results indicated a highly significant increase in total plant shoot fresh and dry weight, plant length was performed for cabbage alcohol extracts (82.1, 104.73 and 119.7%), followed by garlic alcohol extracts (79.5, 103.38 and 100.0%), respectively. Alcohol extracts achieved the highest reduction rate in nematode population with values of 95.92% for cabbage alcohol extract, followed by 94.92% for garlic alcohol extract and 88.73% for garlic aqueous extract, whereas Oxamyl as a systemic nematicide gave the least reduction rate of 60.49%. Results obtained support using bio-nematicides as biological control agents of T. semipenetrans nematode. Keywords: Biological control, extracts, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, citrus
{"title":"The Efficiency of Using Some Natural Compounds for Management of Citrus Nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans","authors":"S. M. Saadoon, M. Sergany, H. Mona, Ali M.M. Reham, S. Gad.","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.346350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.346350","url":null,"abstract":"Saadoon, S.M., M.I. Sergany, H.E.M. Mona, A.M.M. Reham and S.B. Gad. 2022. The Efficiency of Using Some Natural Compounds for Management of Citrus Nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 346-350. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.346350 The efficacy of chitosan and propolis as well as alcohol and aqueous extracts of cabbage, garlic and ziziphus as bio agents was conducted against Tylenchulus semipenetrans infecting sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) under greenhouse conditions. All the tested bio-agents significantly reduced in the numbers of nematodes in soil, galls formation and egg masses than those in the untreated (control) and improved plant growth. Results indicated a highly significant increase in total plant shoot fresh and dry weight, plant length was performed for cabbage alcohol extracts (82.1, 104.73 and 119.7%), followed by garlic alcohol extracts (79.5, 103.38 and 100.0%), respectively. Alcohol extracts achieved the highest reduction rate in nematode population with values of 95.92% for cabbage alcohol extract, followed by 94.92% for garlic alcohol extract and 88.73% for garlic aqueous extract, whereas Oxamyl as a systemic nematicide gave the least reduction rate of 60.49%. Results obtained support using bio-nematicides as biological control agents of T. semipenetrans nematode. Keywords: Biological control, extracts, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, citrus","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84534327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.231239
Abdel Nabi A.A Matrood, A Rhouma, Azhar Hameed Al- Taie
Matrood, A.A.A., A. Rhouma and A.H.F. Al-Taie. 2022. Indirect Effect of Some Insecticides on Tomato Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 231-239. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.231239 Early blight disease is one of the serious diseases of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. In some instances, annual economic yield loss due to this disease was estimated at 80%. Currently, pesticide applications are used for the management of early blight disease due to the lack of resistant cultivars. The effect of treatment of the susceptible tomato cultivar Super Marmond with three insecticides (Diazinon, Match® 050 EC and Vertimec®) was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In vitro assay showed that the pesticide Vertimec® (at a concentration of 300 ppm) was the most effective against A. solani with mycelial growth inhibition above 93%, inhibition of fungal sporulation to 0.26x103 spores/ml, and spore germination inhibition of 98.79%. In addition, there was a reduction in A. solani spores and their dry weight (0.0144 mg) in the presence of Vertimec®. In greenhouse experiments, when Vertimec® was used curatively on tomato leaves against A. solani, it lowered significantly disease severity (20.33%). The effect of this insecticide was not limited only to the protection of tomato plants but it also improved their growth by increasing the tomato shoot fresh and dry weights (21.94 g and 3.85 g, respectively) as well as the root fresh and dry weight (3.84 g and 0.89 g, respectively). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Vertimec® could be used for early blight management when the tomato crop is also infested with insect pests. Keywords: Alternaria solani, early blight, insecticide, tomato.
{"title":"Indirect Effect of Some Insecticides on Tomato Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"Abdel Nabi A.A Matrood, A Rhouma, Azhar Hameed Al- Taie","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.231239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.231239","url":null,"abstract":"Matrood, A.A.A., A. Rhouma and A.H.F. Al-Taie. 2022. Indirect Effect of Some Insecticides on Tomato Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 231-239. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.231239 Early blight disease is one of the serious diseases of tomato caused by Alternaria solani. In some instances, annual economic yield loss due to this disease was estimated at 80%. Currently, pesticide applications are used for the management of early blight disease due to the lack of resistant cultivars. The effect of treatment of the susceptible tomato cultivar Super Marmond with three insecticides (Diazinon, Match® 050 EC and Vertimec®) was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In vitro assay showed that the pesticide Vertimec® (at a concentration of 300 ppm) was the most effective against A. solani with mycelial growth inhibition above 93%, inhibition of fungal sporulation to 0.26x103 spores/ml, and spore germination inhibition of 98.79%. In addition, there was a reduction in A. solani spores and their dry weight (0.0144 mg) in the presence of Vertimec®. In greenhouse experiments, when Vertimec® was used curatively on tomato leaves against A. solani, it lowered significantly disease severity (20.33%). The effect of this insecticide was not limited only to the protection of tomato plants but it also improved their growth by increasing the tomato shoot fresh and dry weights (21.94 g and 3.85 g, respectively) as well as the root fresh and dry weight (3.84 g and 0.89 g, respectively). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Vertimec® could be used for early blight management when the tomato crop is also infested with insect pests. Keywords: Alternaria solani, early blight, insecticide, tomato.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84001419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.4.351355
T. M. Al-Sweedi
Al-Sweedi, T.M.M. 2022. The Accumulated Heat Units Required for the Development of the Different Stages of the Grape False Spider Mite, Tenuipalpus granati Sayed Under Laboratory Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 351-355. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.351355 The grape false spider mite Tenuipalpus granati Sayed (Acariformes: Tenuipalpidae) is one of the significant pests on the grape trees in Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold temperature and calculate the heat units needed for the development time of the duration of this mite stage. Different incubation temperatures (10 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40±2°C), relative humidity (50-60±5%), and light:darkness period of 16: 8 hours were applied to rear this mite on the lower surface of the newly grown grape leaves. The results showed that the development time of the egg, larva, protonymph, and deutonymph (active, quiescent, active + quiescent) at temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C were decreased gradually with temperature increase. Furthermore, the development time of the eggs incubation period was 15.3, 4.98 days and the larva (active + quiescent) were 15.1, 4.43 days, and the protonymph (active + quiescent) was 14.4, 3.48 days and of the deutonymph (active + quiescent) was 15.6, 5.58 days for the effect of 15 and 35°C. Additionally, the development time from egg to adult was 60.00 and 18.26 days at 15 and 35°C, respectively. The threshold temperature was 6.73, 7.89, 9.38, 6.47 and 7.3 °C, respectively. Finally, the accumulated heat units required for the development time of each mite instar varied according to the threshold temperature difference and development time. Keywords: False red mite, heat units, Tenuipalpus granai, developmental rate.
{"title":"The Accumulated Heat Units Required for the Development of the Different Stages of the Grape False Spider Mite, Tenuipalpus granati Sayed Under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"T. M. Al-Sweedi","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.351355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.351355","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Sweedi, T.M.M. 2022. The Accumulated Heat Units Required for the Development of the Different Stages of the Grape False Spider Mite, Tenuipalpus granati Sayed Under Laboratory Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 351-355. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.351355 The grape false spider mite Tenuipalpus granati Sayed (Acariformes: Tenuipalpidae) is one of the significant pests on the grape trees in Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold temperature and calculate the heat units needed for the development time of the duration of this mite stage. Different incubation temperatures (10 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40±2°C), relative humidity (50-60±5%), and light:darkness period of 16: 8 hours were applied to rear this mite on the lower surface of the newly grown grape leaves. The results showed that the development time of the egg, larva, protonymph, and deutonymph (active, quiescent, active + quiescent) at temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C were decreased gradually with temperature increase. Furthermore, the development time of the eggs incubation period was 15.3, 4.98 days and the larva (active + quiescent) were 15.1, 4.43 days, and the protonymph (active + quiescent) was 14.4, 3.48 days and of the deutonymph (active + quiescent) was 15.6, 5.58 days for the effect of 15 and 35°C. Additionally, the development time from egg to adult was 60.00 and 18.26 days at 15 and 35°C, respectively. The threshold temperature was 6.73, 7.89, 9.38, 6.47 and 7.3 °C, respectively. Finally, the accumulated heat units required for the development time of each mite instar varied according to the threshold temperature difference and development time. Keywords: False red mite, heat units, Tenuipalpus granai, developmental rate.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82674474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.2.148157
Jinan Abdulhadi Jadoua, Maadh Abdulwahab Al-Fahd
Jadoua, J.A. and M.A.W. Al-Fahd. 2022. Biological Resistance to Okra yellow vein mosaic virus Using Three Biological Agents on Three Okra Cultivars. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 148-157. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.148157 A study was conducted in Al-Alam District, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq, during the fall season 2019-2020, with the goal of diagnosing the local isolate of Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) from infected plants using polymerase chain reaction. A genomic segment of OYVMV with a size of 750 was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a set of specific primers. By amplifying a 750 bp band on agarose gel, the field isolate tested was identified as a member of the genus Begomovirus, which was related to an Indian isolate of the same virus. The study included determining the efficacy of three biological factors: (A) a medicinal plant preparation from A. Paniculara, (H) a preparation from Lion's mushroom (H. erinaceus and (P) a preparation from P. florescence bacteria which has impact on virus infection, as well as determining the response of three okra varieties to virus infection. The use of the three combined factors (A+H+P) outperformed other treatments reducing virus infection rate of the Petra okra variety to 26.67 % and severity to 10.66 % as compared to 100% for the control. The findings showed that there were substantial variation in the peroxidase enzyme activity and chlorophyll content, with the A+H+P treatment producing 59.14 units/mg protein for the Petra variety and 40.81 Spad for the Hasnawi variety. The results also showed that there were extremely significant differences in yield, with the triple treatment (A+H+P) yielding 833.96 gm/plant for the Star variety compared to 537.44 gm/plant for the infected control that was not treated. Keywords: Biological control, viruses, okra
{"title":"Biological Resistance to Okra yellow vein mosaic virus Using Three Biological Agents on Three Okra Cultivars","authors":"Jinan Abdulhadi Jadoua, Maadh Abdulwahab Al-Fahd","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.2.148157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.2.148157","url":null,"abstract":"Jadoua, J.A. and M.A.W. Al-Fahd. 2022. Biological Resistance to Okra yellow vein mosaic virus Using Three Biological Agents on Three Okra Cultivars. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 148-157. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.148157 A study was conducted in Al-Alam District, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq, during the fall season 2019-2020, with the goal of diagnosing the local isolate of Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) from infected plants using polymerase chain reaction. A genomic segment of OYVMV with a size of 750 was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a set of specific primers. By amplifying a 750 bp band on agarose gel, the field isolate tested was identified as a member of the genus Begomovirus, which was related to an Indian isolate of the same virus. The study included determining the efficacy of three biological factors: (A) a medicinal plant preparation from A. Paniculara, (H) a preparation from Lion's mushroom (H. erinaceus and (P) a preparation from P. florescence bacteria which has impact on virus infection, as well as determining the response of three okra varieties to virus infection. The use of the three combined factors (A+H+P) outperformed other treatments reducing virus infection rate of the Petra okra variety to 26.67 % and severity to 10.66 % as compared to 100% for the control. The findings showed that there were substantial variation in the peroxidase enzyme activity and chlorophyll content, with the A+H+P treatment producing 59.14 units/mg protein for the Petra variety and 40.81 Spad for the Hasnawi variety. The results also showed that there were extremely significant differences in yield, with the triple treatment (A+H+P) yielding 833.96 gm/plant for the Star variety compared to 537.44 gm/plant for the infected control that was not treated. Keywords: Biological control, viruses, okra","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84263075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.4.299306
S. Faskha, Rabih Darwish, A. Dayoub
Faskha, S.M., R. Darwish and A. Dayoub. 2022. Prediction of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Generations Using Cumulative Degree-Days Model. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 299-306. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.299306 The seasonal changes in the population density of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, and its relationship to cumulative degree-days was studied using a sex pheromone trap in a plastic house located in Tartous Governorate, Syria during the spring season of two successive years 2020 and 2021. The results obtained showed that the male T. absoluta activity extended from late February to the end of the season in July. The highest density for males recorded in May was 207 and 213 males/trap in both seasons, respectively. The calculation of the cumulative degree-days showed that the insect has five generations with a thermal constant that reached in the first season: 516.95, 510.24, 512.2, 563.44, 565.94 DD for each generation, respectively, and in the second season 554.52, 533.06, 557.21, 502.55, 508.22 DD for each generation, respectively, without significant differences between the two seasons (x² = 6.02, p = 0.2 and x² = 4.94, p = 0.29). However, according to the model followed, a simplified table was proposed to calculate the cumulative degree-day instead of using mathematical models, based only on the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Keywords: Tuta absoluta, degree-days, generations, Tartous, Syria
{"title":"Prediction of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Generations Using Cumulative Degree-Days Model","authors":"S. Faskha, Rabih Darwish, A. Dayoub","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.299306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.299306","url":null,"abstract":"Faskha, S.M., R. Darwish and A. Dayoub. 2022. Prediction of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) Generations Using Cumulative Degree-Days Model. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 299-306. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.299306 The seasonal changes in the population density of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, and its relationship to cumulative degree-days was studied using a sex pheromone trap in a plastic house located in Tartous Governorate, Syria during the spring season of two successive years 2020 and 2021. The results obtained showed that the male T. absoluta activity extended from late February to the end of the season in July. The highest density for males recorded in May was 207 and 213 males/trap in both seasons, respectively. The calculation of the cumulative degree-days showed that the insect has five generations with a thermal constant that reached in the first season: 516.95, 510.24, 512.2, 563.44, 565.94 DD for each generation, respectively, and in the second season 554.52, 533.06, 557.21, 502.55, 508.22 DD for each generation, respectively, without significant differences between the two seasons (x² = 6.02, p = 0.2 and x² = 4.94, p = 0.29). However, according to the model followed, a simplified table was proposed to calculate the cumulative degree-day instead of using mathematical models, based only on the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Keywords: Tuta absoluta, degree-days, generations, Tartous, Syria","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89490281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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