Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-040.2.175181
L. Zidan, D. Jawdat, W. Naffaa
Zidan, L., D. Jawdat and W. Naffaa. 2022. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum and F. flocciferum Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 175-181. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.175181 Fusarium is one of the most important genera of fungi, causing plant, animal, and human diseases and produces mycotoxins. A total of 105 isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered from crowns and roots of wheat plants, showing typical symptoms, collected from four Syrian provinces during 2017-2018. In previous studies, seventeen Fusarium species associated with crown and root rot (FCR) on wheat were identified in Syria. However, the identity of some isolates has not been resolved. The current study was carried out to identify and characterize through morphological approaches and sequencing a partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene in three Fusarium species F. chlamydosporum Wollenweber & Reinking, F. brachygibbosum Padwick and F. flocciferum Corda associated with FCR, isolated and identified for the first time in Syria. The present study will provide detailed cultural and morphological characteristics of the three species, scarcely described in literature. Keywords: First record, morphological descriptions, TEF1-α gene, Syria.
Zidan, L.， D. Jawdat和W. Naffaa. 2022。与小麦冠腐病和根腐病相关的衣孢镰刀菌、短毛镰刀菌和絮状镰刀菌的形态和分子特征。植物保护学报，40(2):175-181。https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.175181镰刀菌是最重要的真菌属之一，引起植物、动物和人类疾病并产生真菌毒素。2017-2018年，从叙利亚4省小麦植株的冠和根中分离出镰刀菌105株，表现出典型症状。在以往的研究中，在叙利亚鉴定出17种与小麦冠根腐病(FCR)有关的镰刀菌。然而，一些分离株的身份尚未得到解决。目前的研究是通过形态学方法和测序来鉴定和表征与FCR相关的三种镰孢菌F. chlamydosporum Wollenweber & Reinking, F. brachygibbosum Padwick和F. ciferum Corda的部分翻译延伸因子1-α (TEF1-α)基因，这三种镰孢菌在叙利亚首次分离和鉴定。本研究将提供详细的文化和形态特征的三个物种，很少在文献中描述。关键词:首次记录，形态描述，TEF1-α基因，叙利亚
{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum and F. flocciferum Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat","authors":"L. Zidan, D. Jawdat, W. Naffaa","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.175181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.175181","url":null,"abstract":"Zidan, L., D. Jawdat and W. Naffaa. 2022. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Fusarium chlamydosporum, F. brachygibbosum and F. flocciferum Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 175-181. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.175181 Fusarium is one of the most important genera of fungi, causing plant, animal, and human diseases and produces mycotoxins. A total of 105 isolates of Fusarium spp. were recovered from crowns and roots of wheat plants, showing typical symptoms, collected from four Syrian provinces during 2017-2018. In previous studies, seventeen Fusarium species associated with crown and root rot (FCR) on wheat were identified in Syria. However, the identity of some isolates has not been resolved. The current study was carried out to identify and characterize through morphological approaches and sequencing a partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene in three Fusarium species F. chlamydosporum Wollenweber & Reinking, F. brachygibbosum Padwick and F. flocciferum Corda associated with FCR, isolated and identified for the first time in Syria. The present study will provide detailed cultural and morphological characteristics of the three species, scarcely described in literature. Keywords: First record, morphological descriptions, TEF1-α gene, Syria.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91359312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.222230
Hatem Abukraa, S. Kumari, Fawzi Bshia
Abukraa, H., S.G. Kumari and F. Bshia. 2022. Survey for Legume and Cereal Viruses in Libya. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 222-230. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.222230 A field survey was conducted during March and April 2010, to identify viral diseases affecting cereal and legume crops in different regions of Libya. A total of 3706 barley and wheat samples were collected randomly in addition to 187 symptomatic samples from 22 barley and 20 wheat fields. Moreover, 34 symptomatic legume samples were collected from two faba bean fields and one field each of of lentil, chickpea, Vicia sativa, Vicia ervillia and Vicia narbonesis. All samples were tested at ICARDA Virology Laboratory by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) using specific antibodies. Results of random cereal samples showed that Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDVPAV) was more common (12.6%) in wheat and barley samples, followed by Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) (1.1%). In symptomatic samples, BYDV-PAV was also the most common (45 out of 187 samples tested were infected: 45/187), followed by WDV (23/187), Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) (40/187) and Maize streak virus (MSV) (7/187). In legume fields, Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) 13 out of 34 samples tested were infected (13/34) was the most common, followed by Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) (12/34), Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV) (5/34) and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (4/34). Serological results were confirmed by amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. This is the first report of WDV, MSV and BYSMV on cereal crops, and BLRV, BWYV, SbDV and CpCSV on legume crops in Libya. Keywords: Libya, Cereals, Legumes, Viruses, TBIA, PCR
{"title":"Survey for Legume and Cereal Viruses in Libya","authors":"Hatem Abukraa, S. Kumari, Fawzi Bshia","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.222230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.222230","url":null,"abstract":"Abukraa, H., S.G. Kumari and F. Bshia. 2022. Survey for Legume and Cereal Viruses in Libya. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 222-230. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.222230 A field survey was conducted during March and April 2010, to identify viral diseases affecting cereal and legume crops in different regions of Libya. A total of 3706 barley and wheat samples were collected randomly in addition to 187 symptomatic samples from 22 barley and 20 wheat fields. Moreover, 34 symptomatic legume samples were collected from two faba bean fields and one field each of of lentil, chickpea, Vicia sativa, Vicia ervillia and Vicia narbonesis. All samples were tested at ICARDA Virology Laboratory by tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA) using specific antibodies. Results of random cereal samples showed that Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDVPAV) was more common (12.6%) in wheat and barley samples, followed by Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) (1.1%). In symptomatic samples, BYDV-PAV was also the most common (45 out of 187 samples tested were infected: 45/187), followed by WDV (23/187), Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV) (40/187) and Maize streak virus (MSV) (7/187). In legume fields, Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) 13 out of 34 samples tested were infected (13/34) was the most common, followed by Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) (12/34), Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV) (5/34) and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (4/34). Serological results were confirmed by amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. This is the first report of WDV, MSV and BYSMV on cereal crops, and BLRV, BWYV, SbDV and CpCSV on legume crops in Libya. Keywords: Libya, Cereals, Legumes, Viruses, TBIA, PCR","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87537627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.260279
Nabila M. Ali Basha, Ahmad M. Abdul kader
Ali Basha, N.M. and A.M. Abdul Kader. 2022. Genetically Modified Crops, Production, Detection Methods and its Biosafety Implications: A Scientific Review. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 260-279. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.260279 Ensuring food security and nutrition is critical for all countries in order to overcome the problems of hunger and malnutrition, taking into consideration the various current challenges of high population rate, social and political turmoil, and degradation of natural resources, forced migration and human disease pandemics. Agricultural biotechnology contributes in enhancing agricultural productivity, food security, and livelihoods. 25 years passed since the world introduced and embraced biotech crops in 1996. Such improved genetically modified (GM) crop varieties have many useful traits such as insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to improved nutrion value, and by adopting stringent science- scrutiny and safety measures. In this context, the Biosafety Cartagena Protocol was approved to ensure the safe handling, transfer and use of living organisms that have been modified using modern biotechnology. Socioeconomic and environmental benefits have been documented by credible and independent agencies around the world. Therefore, products derived from agricultural biotechnology, especially those used to manage agricultural pests, have become one of the world fastest growing agricultural trade commodities, providing food, feed, clothing, and eco-friendly biofuels. Not to mention the development of the genome editing technology using CRISPR/Cas9, which is another step closer to developing and cultivating new varieties of agricultural crops through the use of accurate, efficient and affordable techniques for genome editing. On the other hand, researchers have developed rapid and standardized methods for the detection of genetically modified plants and seeds to facilitate testing and monitoring genetic modification taking place at the global level in order to comply with the biosafety regulations and laws. Keywords: Biosafety, biosafety clearing-house (BCH), Cartagena protocol on biosafety, genetic engineering, genetically modified crops, GMCs, GMOs
{"title":"Genetically Modified Crops, Production, Detection Methods and its Biosafety Implications: A Scientific Review","authors":"Nabila M. Ali Basha, Ahmad M. Abdul kader","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.260279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.260279","url":null,"abstract":"Ali Basha, N.M. and A.M. Abdul Kader. 2022. Genetically Modified Crops, Production, Detection Methods and its Biosafety Implications: A Scientific Review. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 260-279. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.260279 Ensuring food security and nutrition is critical for all countries in order to overcome the problems of hunger and malnutrition, taking into consideration the various current challenges of high population rate, social and political turmoil, and degradation of natural resources, forced migration and human disease pandemics. Agricultural biotechnology contributes in enhancing agricultural productivity, food security, and livelihoods. 25 years passed since the world introduced and embraced biotech crops in 1996. Such improved genetically modified (GM) crop varieties have many useful traits such as insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to improved nutrion value, and by adopting stringent science- scrutiny and safety measures. In this context, the Biosafety Cartagena Protocol was approved to ensure the safe handling, transfer and use of living organisms that have been modified using modern biotechnology. Socioeconomic and environmental benefits have been documented by credible and independent agencies around the world. Therefore, products derived from agricultural biotechnology, especially those used to manage agricultural pests, have become one of the world fastest growing agricultural trade commodities, providing food, feed, clothing, and eco-friendly biofuels. Not to mention the development of the genome editing technology using CRISPR/Cas9, which is another step closer to developing and cultivating new varieties of agricultural crops through the use of accurate, efficient and affordable techniques for genome editing. On the other hand, researchers have developed rapid and standardized methods for the detection of genetically modified plants and seeds to facilitate testing and monitoring genetic modification taking place at the global level in order to comply with the biosafety regulations and laws. Keywords: Biosafety, biosafety clearing-house (BCH), Cartagena protocol on biosafety, genetic engineering, genetically modified crops, GMCs, GMOs","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82846686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-040.2.188192
Noor A.Sh. Al-Naymi, Hanan A.S. Al-Naymi, M. Nashaat
Al-Naymi, N.A.Sh., H.A.S. AL-Nuaimi and M.R. Nashaat. 2022. Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.188192 This study illustrates the acute toxic effect of ash released from Durah power plant (DPP) on the biology of the phytoplankton species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. The results showed that the median lethal concentration for killing 50% of the Alga population (LC50) was 0.15 and 0.13 ppt (parts per thousand) for 24 and 48 hours exposure to crude ash concentrations, respectively. In contrast, no LC50 value was recorded for 72 and 96 hrs after exposure. The reduction in the optical density absorption value and the growth rate recorded was 0.083±0.121 cells for the highest ash concentration used, compared with 0.594±0.099 cells recorded for the control group. On the other hand, the doubling time for the control group was 1.16±0.652 an hour compared with 1.36±0.981 an hour recorded for 2 ppt ash exposure. The current study confirms that the crude ash concentrations tested had an adverse toxic effect on the biological parameters of the algal species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. Keywords: Algae, fly ash, pollutants, power plant, C. humicola
{"title":"Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868","authors":"Noor A.Sh. Al-Naymi, Hanan A.S. Al-Naymi, M. Nashaat","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.188192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.188192","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Naymi, N.A.Sh., H.A.S. AL-Nuaimi and M.R. Nashaat. 2022. Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.188192 This study illustrates the acute toxic effect of ash released from Durah power plant (DPP) on the biology of the phytoplankton species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. The results showed that the median lethal concentration for killing 50% of the Alga population (LC50) was 0.15 and 0.13 ppt (parts per thousand) for 24 and 48 hours exposure to crude ash concentrations, respectively. In contrast, no LC50 value was recorded for 72 and 96 hrs after exposure. The reduction in the optical density absorption value and the growth rate recorded was 0.083±0.121 cells for the highest ash concentration used, compared with 0.594±0.099 cells recorded for the control group. On the other hand, the doubling time for the control group was 1.16±0.652 an hour compared with 1.36±0.981 an hour recorded for 2 ppt ash exposure. The current study confirms that the crude ash concentrations tested had an adverse toxic effect on the biological parameters of the algal species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. Keywords: Algae, fly ash, pollutants, power plant, C. humicola","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78660708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.209214
Abdallah Hassan, Abeer AlQaissi
Hassan, A.A. and A.R.M. Al-Qaissi. 2022. First Record of the Two Insects Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua that Attack Some Edible Mushrooms in Iraq and Assessing the Damage Caused by them. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 209-214. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.209214 Invading insects were found in the fruiting bodies of the edible mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp. at the mushroom farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, through the presence of holes, necrosis and tunnels in the mushroom fruits. Infested fruiting bodies containing larvae were collected and insects were reared in the laboratory for the purpose of diagnosis. The phenotypic diagnosis was confirmed by molecular diagnosis based on the nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase C subunit 1 gene (in mitochondria). The two insects were identified as Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua and were registered in the NCBI database under the accession numbers MZ021516.1 and MZ021517.1, respectively. This is the first record of these two species in Iraq. The study also included a description of the damage caused by these two insects on the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms A. bisporus and Pleurotus spp. Keywords: Molecular identification, mushroom fly, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus spp
{"title":"First Record of the Two Insects Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua that Attack Some Edible Mushrooms in Iraq and Assessing the Damage Caused by them","authors":"Abdallah Hassan, Abeer AlQaissi","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.209214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.209214","url":null,"abstract":"Hassan, A.A. and A.R.M. Al-Qaissi. 2022. First Record of the Two Insects Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua that Attack Some Edible Mushrooms in Iraq and Assessing the Damage Caused by them. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 209-214. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.209214 Invading insects were found in the fruiting bodies of the edible mushrooms Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp. at the mushroom farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, through the presence of holes, necrosis and tunnels in the mushroom fruits. Infested fruiting bodies containing larvae were collected and insects were reared in the laboratory for the purpose of diagnosis. The phenotypic diagnosis was confirmed by molecular diagnosis based on the nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome oxidase C subunit 1 gene (in mitochondria). The two insects were identified as Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella ingenua and were registered in the NCBI database under the accession numbers MZ021516.1 and MZ021517.1, respectively. This is the first record of these two species in Iraq. The study also included a description of the damage caused by these two insects on the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms A. bisporus and Pleurotus spp. Keywords: Molecular identification, mushroom fly, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus spp","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78442284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.4.293298
Rahma Mukhlis Adel, Firas Kadhim Al-Juboori
Adel, R.M. and F.K. Aljuboori. 2022. Infection and Egg Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Oleander Nerium oleander. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 293-298. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP40.4.293298 The identification and first record of Nerium oleander infection with root-knot nematode M. javanica was confirmed by the PCR test using the pair of species-specific primers (Fjav and Rjav). Symptoms of the Oleander root-knot disease are similar to those caused by these nematodes on other flowering plants. The results of the study described the stages of embryo development inside the egg and until hatching under laboratory conditions. The difference in egg shape index ranged from 35.8 to 87.9, whereas the dominant egg shape index was between 44.5 and 48.8. Keywords: Nerium oleander, eggs, embryo development, root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica
{"title":"Infection and Egg Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Oleander Nerium oleander","authors":"Rahma Mukhlis Adel, Firas Kadhim Al-Juboori","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.293298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.293298","url":null,"abstract":"Adel, R.M. and F.K. Aljuboori. 2022. Infection and Egg Development of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica on Oleander Nerium oleander. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 293-298. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP40.4.293298 The identification and first record of Nerium oleander infection with root-knot nematode M. javanica was confirmed by the PCR test using the pair of species-specific primers (Fjav and Rjav). Symptoms of the Oleander root-knot disease are similar to those caused by these nematodes on other flowering plants. The results of the study described the stages of embryo development inside the egg and until hatching under laboratory conditions. The difference in egg shape index ranged from 35.8 to 87.9, whereas the dominant egg shape index was between 44.5 and 48.8. Keywords: Nerium oleander, eggs, embryo development, root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78331356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.2.127139
Nabil abo Kaf, R. Youssef, Rafeek Abboud
Abo Kaf, N., R. Youssef and R. Aboud. 2022. Survey and Identification of Some Eulophid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 127-139. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.127139 The Eulophid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) were collected from tomato fields in Latakia and Tartus provinces of Syria during the period 2019-2020. The collected parasitoids were identified to subfamilies, genera and species, and found to belong to three subfamilies: Tetrastichinae, Entedoninae, Eulophinae, and 5 Genera and 14 species: Stenomesius japonicas, 3 species from the genus Stenomesius, Hemiptarsenus unguicellus, Pnigalio agraules, and 6 species from the genus Pnigalio, Neochrysocharis formosa and one species from the genus Elasmus. The species Stenomesius japonicas and three species of genus Stenomesius, Hemiptarsenus unguicellus, Pnigalio agraules and Neochrysocharis formosa were recorded for the first time in Syria on tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) on tomato plants. The most widely spread of these species was N. formosa (46.9%) and S. japonicus and 3 species from genus Stenomesius (45.7%), followed by 6 species from genus Pnigalio (4.35%), Elasmus sp. (1.37%), P. agraules (0.69%), and H. unguicellus (0.46%). Keywords: Tuta absoluta, Parasitoids, Eulophidae, Syria.
{"title":"Survey and Identification of Some Eulophid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Along the Syrian Coast","authors":"Nabil abo Kaf, R. Youssef, Rafeek Abboud","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.2.127139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.2.127139","url":null,"abstract":"Abo Kaf, N., R. Youssef and R. Aboud. 2022. Survey and Identification of Some Eulophid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 127-139. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.127139 The Eulophid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) were collected from tomato fields in Latakia and Tartus provinces of Syria during the period 2019-2020. The collected parasitoids were identified to subfamilies, genera and species, and found to belong to three subfamilies: Tetrastichinae, Entedoninae, Eulophinae, and 5 Genera and 14 species: Stenomesius japonicas, 3 species from the genus Stenomesius, Hemiptarsenus unguicellus, Pnigalio agraules, and 6 species from the genus Pnigalio, Neochrysocharis formosa and one species from the genus Elasmus. The species Stenomesius japonicas and three species of genus Stenomesius, Hemiptarsenus unguicellus, Pnigalio agraules and Neochrysocharis formosa were recorded for the first time in Syria on tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) on tomato plants. The most widely spread of these species was N. formosa (46.9%) and S. japonicus and 3 species from genus Stenomesius (45.7%), followed by 6 species from genus Pnigalio (4.35%), Elasmus sp. (1.37%), P. agraules (0.69%), and H. unguicellus (0.46%). Keywords: Tuta absoluta, Parasitoids, Eulophidae, Syria.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76448389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.2.119126
Jihan Abdallah, Mageda Mofleh, L. Aslan
El-Abdallah, J., M. Muflih and L.H. Aslan. 2022. Susceptibility of Apple Varieties to Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi Koch and its Relation to the Nutrient Contents and Spider Mite Predators in Apple Trees. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 119-126. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.119126 The susceptibility to T. urticae and P. ulmi of eight apple varaietis were studied in southern Syria (Sweida) from 2018 to 2020. Significant differences of susceptibility to the two species between apple varieties, in addition to significant differences of apple-leaf nutrients content (NPK) were found. Results obtained showed that apple-leaf nutrients content affect the susceptibility to the two spider mite species differently. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed positive correlation to P. ulmi with apple-leaf contents of potassium and negative correlation with apple-leaf contents of nitrogen and showed positive correlation between T. urticae numbers and nitrogen and phosphorous content. T. urticae had a weak correlation with potassium apple-leaf content in 2019. Cluster analysis showed that apple varieties were distributed in three clusters based on the studied factors in 2020. The first cluster included the varieties Top Red, Starking Delicious and Starking Red Delicious which were the most sensitive to P. ulmi. The second cluster included Golden Delicious, Golden 972 and Granny Smith, and those were less sensitive to P. ulmi and the third cluster included Ozark Gold and Royal Red and these varieties were moderately sensitive to P. ulmi. The effects of studied factors were clearer on P. ulmi than on T. urticae. Keywords: Apple, T. urticae, P. ulmi, Phytoseiidae, Principal component analysis, PCA.
El-Abdallah, J.， M. Muflih和L.H. Aslan, 2022。苹果品种对荨麻叶螨和乌尔全爪螨的敏感性及其与苹果树营养成分和蜘蛛螨捕食者的关系植物保护学报，40(2):119-126。https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.119126 2018 - 2020年在叙利亚南部(瑞典)研究了8种苹果品种对荨麻疹和乌尔米病的敏感性。苹果品种间对这两种病菌的敏感性差异显著，叶片养分含量(NPK)差异显著。结果表明，苹果叶片养分含量对两种螨的敏感性有不同的影响。主成分分析(PCA)表明，绿僵菌数量与苹果叶片钾含量呈正相关，与苹果叶片氮含量呈负相关，与玉米叶片氮、磷含量呈正相关。2019年，荨麻疹与苹果叶片钾含量呈弱相关。聚类分析表明，2020年苹果品种分布在3个聚类中。第一个聚类包括对乌尔米病菌最敏感的品种Top Red、Starking Delicious和Starking Red Delicious。第二集群包括金冠、金972和史密斯奶奶，对乌尔米病不太敏感;第三集群包括奥扎卡金和皇家红，这些品种对乌尔米病中等敏感。所研究的因素对乌尔米菌的影响比对荨麻疹菌的影响更明显。关键词:苹果，荨麻，乌尔米，植物科，主成分分析，主成分分析
{"title":"ECOLOGY Susceptibility of Apple Varieties to Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi Koch and its Relation to the Nutrient Contents and Spider Mite Predators in Apple Trees","authors":"Jihan Abdallah, Mageda Mofleh, L. Aslan","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.2.119126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.2.119126","url":null,"abstract":"El-Abdallah, J., M. Muflih and L.H. Aslan. 2022. Susceptibility of Apple Varieties to Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi Koch and its Relation to the Nutrient Contents and Spider Mite Predators in Apple Trees. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 119-126. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.119126 The susceptibility to T. urticae and P. ulmi of eight apple varaietis were studied in southern Syria (Sweida) from 2018 to 2020. Significant differences of susceptibility to the two species between apple varieties, in addition to significant differences of apple-leaf nutrients content (NPK) were found. Results obtained showed that apple-leaf nutrients content affect the susceptibility to the two spider mite species differently. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed positive correlation to P. ulmi with apple-leaf contents of potassium and negative correlation with apple-leaf contents of nitrogen and showed positive correlation between T. urticae numbers and nitrogen and phosphorous content. T. urticae had a weak correlation with potassium apple-leaf content in 2019. Cluster analysis showed that apple varieties were distributed in three clusters based on the studied factors in 2020. The first cluster included the varieties Top Red, Starking Delicious and Starking Red Delicious which were the most sensitive to P. ulmi. The second cluster included Golden Delicious, Golden 972 and Granny Smith, and those were less sensitive to P. ulmi and the third cluster included Ozark Gold and Royal Red and these varieties were moderately sensitive to P. ulmi. The effects of studied factors were clearer on P. ulmi than on T. urticae. Keywords: Apple, T. urticae, P. ulmi, Phytoseiidae, Principal component analysis, PCA.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72831011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-040.1.062069
Abdulnabi A. Matrood, A Rhouma, T. F. Mohammed
Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum is a severe disease of cucumbers causing yield losses worldwide. Various experiments were conducted to assess the antifungal potential of fungal bio-agents isolated from soil and cucumber seed (bio-priming). Trichoderma koningii seemed to be the most effective bio-agent against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum with mycelial inhibition rate above 90%, followed by Aspergillus niger (87.70%) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that T. koningii was found effective to enhance the germination rate (95.07%). In greenhouse experiments, T. koningii applied preventively on cucumber inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum generated the lowest disease severity index (0.42), mortality (13.33%) and wilting rate (23.33%) and the highest fresh (0.857 g) and dry (0.180 g) weight of root, and root volume (2.04 cm3 ). Based on these results, T. koningii applied preventively against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber plants could be recommended as a biocontrol agent. However, although A. niger was effective against the tested phytopathogen, it is not recommended for biological control due to its carcinogenic properties. Keywords: Biological control, Cucumis sativus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, antifungal potential.
黄瓜枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum)是一种严重危害黄瓜产量的病害。从土壤和黄瓜种子中分离真菌生物制剂(生物启动法)，对其抑菌潜力进行了研究。实验条件下，科宁木霉对黄瓜尖孢菌的抑菌率最高，达到90%以上，其次是黑曲霉，抑菌率为87.70%。结果表明，koningii可有效提高发芽率(95.07%)。在温室试验中，对接种了尖孢镰刀菌的黄瓜进行预防施用，其病害严重指数最低(0.42)，死亡率最低(13.33%)，萎蔫率最低(23.33%)，根系鲜重最高(0.857 g)，干重最高(0.180 g)，根系体积最高(2.04 cm3)。综上所述，koningii对黄瓜尖孢镰刀菌具有一定的防治作用。然而，尽管黑曲霉对所测试的植物病原体有效，但由于其致癌特性，不建议用于生物防治。关键词:生物防治;黄瓜;黄瓜尖孢镰刀菌;
{"title":"Control of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber Using Rhizospheric Antagonistic Fungi","authors":"Abdulnabi A. Matrood, A Rhouma, T. F. Mohammed","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.1.062069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.1.062069","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum is a severe disease of cucumbers causing yield losses worldwide. Various experiments were conducted to assess the antifungal potential of fungal bio-agents isolated from soil and cucumber seed (bio-priming). Trichoderma koningii seemed to be the most effective bio-agent against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum with mycelial inhibition rate above 90%, followed by Aspergillus niger (87.70%) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that T. koningii was found effective to enhance the germination rate (95.07%). In greenhouse experiments, T. koningii applied preventively on cucumber inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum generated the lowest disease severity index (0.42), mortality (13.33%) and wilting rate (23.33%) and the highest fresh (0.857 g) and dry (0.180 g) weight of root, and root volume (2.04 cm3 ). Based on these results, T. koningii applied preventively against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on cucumber plants could be recommended as a biocontrol agent. However, although A. niger was effective against the tested phytopathogen, it is not recommended for biological control due to its carcinogenic properties. Keywords: Biological control, Cucumis sativus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, antifungal potential.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87382474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-040.2.182187
M. Rimani, Ibtissam Mzbari, K. Charif, Zoheir Chafik, E. Kharmach
Rimani, M., I. Mzabri, K. Charif, Z. Chafik and E. Kharmach. 2022. Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on Growth of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Eastern Morocco. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 182-187. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.182187 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic relationships with plant roots and can act as bio-fertilizers. In the same perspective, a study was conducted to investigate the possibility of a possible constitutive association of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis L. (previously named Glomus intraradices) with saffron. The trial was conducted in the field at the experimental station of the Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (Morocco) by applying 3 doses of R. irregularis inoculum: 2, 4 and 6 ml per corm (T1, T2 and T3 treatments). Six months after planting, morphological, biochemical and mycorrhization parameters were measured. The results showed that the inoculation of saffron roots by R. irregularis was successful, which induced a significant increase in the number of leaves, the weight of stigmas and the percentage of daughter corms with large diameter. Similarly, the total chlorophyll content was increased, the highest value was recorded for the T3 treatment in April (0.04 mg/g MF), with an increase of 25% compared to the control. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), inoculum, root colonization, total chlorophyll content, Rhizophagus irregularis, saffron.
Rimani, M.， I. Mzabri, K. Charif, Z. Chafik和E. Kharmach. 2022。不规则根噬菌对摩洛哥东部藏红花生长的影响。植物保护学报，40(2):182-187。https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.182187丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与植物根系形成共生关系，可作为生物肥料。在同样的观点下，研究人员进行了一项研究，以调查丛枝菌根真菌Rhizophagus irregularis L.(以前称为Glomus intraradices)与藏红花可能构成关联的可能性。该试验在Oujda(摩洛哥)科学学院实验站的田间进行，采用3剂不规则稻接种剂:每粒玉米2、4和6毫升(T1、T2和T3处理)。种植6个月后，测定形态、生化和菌根参数。结果表明:红花根茎接种成功，叶片数、柱头重量和大直径子珠百分率均显著增加;叶绿素总含量也有所增加，T3处理在4月份达到最高值(0.04 mg/g MF)，比对照提高了25%。关键词:丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)，接种量，根定植，总叶绿素含量，不规则食根菌，藏红花
{"title":"Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on Growth of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Eastern Morocco","authors":"M. Rimani, Ibtissam Mzbari, K. Charif, Zoheir Chafik, E. Kharmach","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.182187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.182187","url":null,"abstract":"Rimani, M., I. Mzabri, K. Charif, Z. Chafik and E. Kharmach. 2022. Effect of Rhizophagus irregularis on Growth of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Eastern Morocco. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 182-187. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.182187 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic relationships with plant roots and can act as bio-fertilizers. In the same perspective, a study was conducted to investigate the possibility of a possible constitutive association of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis L. (previously named Glomus intraradices) with saffron. The trial was conducted in the field at the experimental station of the Faculty of Sciences of Oujda (Morocco) by applying 3 doses of R. irregularis inoculum: 2, 4 and 6 ml per corm (T1, T2 and T3 treatments). Six months after planting, morphological, biochemical and mycorrhization parameters were measured. The results showed that the inoculation of saffron roots by R. irregularis was successful, which induced a significant increase in the number of leaves, the weight of stigmas and the percentage of daughter corms with large diameter. Similarly, the total chlorophyll content was increased, the highest value was recorded for the T3 treatment in April (0.04 mg/g MF), with an increase of 25% compared to the control. Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), inoculum, root colonization, total chlorophyll content, Rhizophagus irregularis, saffron.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85934330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：