Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.193200
Yara Wassouf, A. Basheer, G. Ibrahim
Wassouf, Y., A.N. Bashir and Gh. Ibrahim. 2022. Study of the Factors Affecting Infestation Rate with Olive Moth Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) in Three Olive Growing Locations Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.193200 This study aimed to investigate the effect of the most important factors affecting the infestation rate with the olive moth, Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in three olive growing locations in Lattakia and Tartus Governorates (Al-Sawda, Ain Shiqaq and AlBarqiah). The study was carried out during the period 2019-2020. Results obtained showed that the location had an effect on the infestation rate, and the highest average infestation rate was 33.53% in Al-Barqiah location, followed by 20.86% in Ain Shkak, and the lowest was 16.65% in Al-Sawda location. Results obtained also showed that the insect generation had an effect on the olive moth infestation rate; infestation of the phyllophagous generation was the highest, followed by the antophagous generation and the carpophagous generation in the three locations. The x2 (Chi-square) test showed that there were significant differences between the infestation rate and the total number of biological enemies, the number of predators and the parasitism rate in the three locations. Keywords: Biological factors, olive moth, predators, parasitoids, Ain Shkak, A-Sawda, Al-Barqieh, Syria
瓦苏夫，Y.，巴希尔和h。易卜拉欣。2022。叙利亚沿岸三个橄榄种植区橄榄蛾(Prays oleae, Bernard, 1788)侵染率的影响因素研究。植物保护学报，40(3):193-200。https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.193200本研究旨在调查影响橄榄蛾侵染率的主要因素在拉塔基亚省和塔尔图斯省(Al-Sawda, Ain Shiqaq和AlBarqiah)三个橄榄种植区(Al-Sawda, Ain Shiqaq和AlBarqiah)。该研究在2019-2020年期间进行。结果表明，不同的地理位置对柽柳的平均侵染率有影响，Al-Barqiah的平均侵染率最高，为33.53%，Ain Shkak次之，为20.86%，Al-Sawda最低，为16.65%。结果还表明，昆虫世代对橄榄蛾侵染率有影响;在3个地点，以食叶代侵染最多，其次为食食性代和食食性代。经x2(卡方)检验，3个地点的害虫侵染率与天敌总数、天敌数量和寄生率存在显著差异。关键词:生物因素，橄榄蛾，捕食者，寄生蜂，Ain Shkak, A-Sawda, Al-Barqieh，叙利亚
{"title":"Study of the Factors Affecting Infestation Rate with Olive Moth Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) in Three Olive Growing Locations Along the Syrian Coast","authors":"Yara Wassouf, A. Basheer, G. Ibrahim","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.193200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.193200","url":null,"abstract":"Wassouf, Y., A.N. Bashir and Gh. Ibrahim. 2022. Study of the Factors Affecting Infestation Rate with Olive Moth Prays oleae (Bernard, 1788) in Three Olive Growing Locations Along the Syrian Coast. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 193-200. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.193200 This study aimed to investigate the effect of the most important factors affecting the infestation rate with the olive moth, Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), in three olive growing locations in Lattakia and Tartus Governorates (Al-Sawda, Ain Shiqaq and AlBarqiah). The study was carried out during the period 2019-2020. Results obtained showed that the location had an effect on the infestation rate, and the highest average infestation rate was 33.53% in Al-Barqiah location, followed by 20.86% in Ain Shkak, and the lowest was 16.65% in Al-Sawda location. Results obtained also showed that the insect generation had an effect on the olive moth infestation rate; infestation of the phyllophagous generation was the highest, followed by the antophagous generation and the carpophagous generation in the three locations. The x2 (Chi-square) test showed that there were significant differences between the infestation rate and the total number of biological enemies, the number of predators and the parasitism rate in the three locations. Keywords: Biological factors, olive moth, predators, parasitoids, Ain Shkak, A-Sawda, Al-Barqieh, Syria","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90915512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.2.140147
Abdullah Kamel Abdullah Al-Kubaisy, Huriya Hussein AlJuboori
Al-Kubaisy, A.K.A. and H.H. Al-Juboor. 2022. Evaluation of Inhibition Efficiency of Some Bacteria Isolated from Greenhouse Soils on the Growth of the Pathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that Causes White Rot Disease on Vegetables in the Laboratory. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 140-147. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.140147 This study aimed to isolate beneficial bacteria from the soil of plastic houses planted with eggplant and cucumber at different locations of Baghdad Governorate and characterize them molecularly in addition to determining their antagonistic ability to inhibit six isolates of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white rot disease. The isolation results showed that 18 different bacterial isolates were obtained from several fields in Baghdad governorate. Bacterial isolates showed antagonistic ability towards six isolates of the pathogenic fungus S. sclerotiorum (ScE1, ScE2, ScE3, ScE4, ScC1 and ScC2), and the inhibition rate ranged between 84.25 and 93.75%. The two bacterial isolates BE1 and BE6 excelled in plastic houses grown with eggplant plants, and the inhibition rate of the fungal pathogen reached 93.75%. Whereas, the bacterial isolate BC9 isolated from soils planted with cucumber plants achieved the highest inhibition rate of all fungal isolates, except isolate ScE1, which reached 84.25%. Bacterial isolates were identified molecularly and they were registered in the GenBank under accession numbers MZ436922, MZ436923, MZ436921 and MZ436920 for the isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Keywords: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, biological control, molecular identification, eggplant
{"title":"Evaluation of Inhibition Efficiency of Some Bacteria Isolated from Greenhouse Soils on the Growth of the Pathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that Causes White Rot Disease on Vegetables in the Laboratory.","authors":"Abdullah Kamel Abdullah Al-Kubaisy, Huriya Hussein AlJuboori","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.2.140147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.2.140147","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Kubaisy, A.K.A. and H.H. Al-Juboor. 2022. Evaluation of Inhibition Efficiency of Some Bacteria Isolated from Greenhouse Soils on the Growth of the Pathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that Causes White Rot Disease on Vegetables in the Laboratory. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 140-147. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.2.140147 This study aimed to isolate beneficial bacteria from the soil of plastic houses planted with eggplant and cucumber at different locations of Baghdad Governorate and characterize them molecularly in addition to determining their antagonistic ability to inhibit six isolates of the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white rot disease. The isolation results showed that 18 different bacterial isolates were obtained from several fields in Baghdad governorate. Bacterial isolates showed antagonistic ability towards six isolates of the pathogenic fungus S. sclerotiorum (ScE1, ScE2, ScE3, ScE4, ScC1 and ScC2), and the inhibition rate ranged between 84.25 and 93.75%. The two bacterial isolates BE1 and BE6 excelled in plastic houses grown with eggplant plants, and the inhibition rate of the fungal pathogen reached 93.75%. Whereas, the bacterial isolate BC9 isolated from soils planted with cucumber plants achieved the highest inhibition rate of all fungal isolates, except isolate ScE1, which reached 84.25%. Bacterial isolates were identified molecularly and they were registered in the GenBank under accession numbers MZ436922, MZ436923, MZ436921 and MZ436920 for the isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Keywords: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, biological control, molecular identification, eggplant","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81115412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-040.2.169174
M. D. Salman, A. Lahuf
Salman, M.D. and A.A. Lahuf. 2022. A New Procedure to Identify Plant RNA Viruses Associated with the Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 169-174. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.169174 Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to obtain the transcriptome data of the Iraqi whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) that was analyzed using some specific bioinformatic tools and programs to identify the accompanying plant RNA viruses. Seven different plant viruses were detected: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Pittosporum cryptic virus-1 (PiCV1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus (ZaMMV), in addition to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The highest quantity of viruses identified were AMV, BBWV, and ZaMMV, respectively through achievement of the highest viral sequence coverages. In this study, we report a new NGS-based procedure, which facilitates prompt and precise the identification and quantification of plant viruses in a pool of B. tabaci insect samples without the necessity for specific primers and application of the conventional PCR technique. The benefit of this method is the quick detection of the potential viruses transmitted by the whitefly, B. tabaci vector that affects countless plant hosts. However, Additional examinations are required to confirm these findings. Keywords: Next generation sequencing, plant RNA viruses; whitefly vector; transcriptome data
{"title":"A New Procedure to Identify Plant RNA Viruses Associated with the Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Using Next-Generation Sequencing","authors":"M. D. Salman, A. Lahuf","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.169174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.169174","url":null,"abstract":"Salman, M.D. and A.A. Lahuf. 2022. A New Procedure to Identify Plant RNA Viruses Associated with the Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 169-174. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.169174 Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to obtain the transcriptome data of the Iraqi whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) that was analyzed using some specific bioinformatic tools and programs to identify the accompanying plant RNA viruses. Seven different plant viruses were detected: Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Pittosporum cryptic virus-1 (PiCV1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and Zantedeschia mild mosaic virus (ZaMMV), in addition to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The highest quantity of viruses identified were AMV, BBWV, and ZaMMV, respectively through achievement of the highest viral sequence coverages. In this study, we report a new NGS-based procedure, which facilitates prompt and precise the identification and quantification of plant viruses in a pool of B. tabaci insect samples without the necessity for specific primers and application of the conventional PCR technique. The benefit of this method is the quick detection of the potential viruses transmitted by the whitefly, B. tabaci vector that affects countless plant hosts. However, Additional examinations are required to confirm these findings. Keywords: Next generation sequencing, plant RNA viruses; whitefly vector; transcriptome data","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76845583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.1.015024
Ziad Aleisa, Mohamad Nayef El - Salti, Mounir El- Nabhan, Ahmad El-Jomaa
In this study, four methods of inoculation were used to assess coexistence of microorganisms with cotton plant: seeds coating (chemical shaved / unshaved), aerial spraying, irrigation and their effects on germination, endophytic symbiosis, growth parameters, density of whitefly’s population density. For this purpose a number of bacterial and fungal isolates were tested (3 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (Twood, T.L.C, T950), 2 isolates of Beauveria bassiana (GHA, K), 2 isolates of Bacillus subtilis (B.s, B.bacteria), one isolate of Lecanicillium lecanii (B), and one isolate of Aspergillus sp. (Asp)). Propagation of these isolates were conducted. Fungal isolates were propagated on burgol (cracked wheat), whereas bacterial isolates were propagated in Petri dishes contained NA medium, then suspension concentration was adjusted to 1x108 cell/ml for bacterial isolates and 1x106 conidia/ml for fungal isolates. Seeds of each treatment were planted in pots with 3 replicates per treatment, in addition to a control treatment. The results obtained showed that there was no significant difference between control and each of other treatments in germination rate, whereas highest coexistent rates were recorded for GHA, K, B, Asp isolates in all plant parts. Also, there were significant differences in roots length, foliage height, dry and fresh weight between Twood, B.bacteria, GHA, T950,Asp, B.S. treatments and control treatment. Inoculation with the isolates T.L.C, K, GHA, T950, Asp, B.bacteria produced low densities of whitefly’s nymphs per leaf. Finally, shaved and unshaved seeds coating and soil irrigation methods produced low densities of whitefly’s nymphs compared with the spraying treatment and all inoculation methods used had significant differences with control treatment. Microorganisms used improved cotton growth and decreased whitefly population density. This approach can be used as a component in integrated pest management programs for cotton. Keywords: Beneficial microorganisms, growth parameters, resistance, cotton, whitefly
{"title":"Effect of Coexistence of Bacterial and Fungal Isolates with Cotton’s “Aleppo 118” Variety in Improving Cotton Growth and Enhancing Cotton’s Resistance to the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) by Using Different Inoculation Methods","authors":"Ziad Aleisa, Mohamad Nayef El - Salti, Mounir El- Nabhan, Ahmad El-Jomaa","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.1.015024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.1.015024","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, four methods of inoculation were used to assess coexistence of microorganisms with cotton plant: seeds coating (chemical shaved / unshaved), aerial spraying, irrigation and their effects on germination, endophytic symbiosis, growth parameters, density of whitefly’s population density. For this purpose a number of bacterial and fungal isolates were tested (3 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (Twood, T.L.C, T950), 2 isolates of Beauveria bassiana (GHA, K), 2 isolates of Bacillus subtilis (B.s, B.bacteria), one isolate of Lecanicillium lecanii (B), and one isolate of Aspergillus sp. (Asp)). Propagation of these isolates were conducted. Fungal isolates were propagated on burgol (cracked wheat), whereas bacterial isolates were propagated in Petri dishes contained NA medium, then suspension concentration was adjusted to 1x108 cell/ml for bacterial isolates and 1x106 conidia/ml for fungal isolates. Seeds of each treatment were planted in pots with 3 replicates per treatment, in addition to a control treatment. The results obtained showed that there was no significant difference between control and each of other treatments in germination rate, whereas highest coexistent rates were recorded for GHA, K, B, Asp isolates in all plant parts. Also, there were significant differences in roots length, foliage height, dry and fresh weight between Twood, B.bacteria, GHA, T950,Asp, B.S. treatments and control treatment. Inoculation with the isolates T.L.C, K, GHA, T950, Asp, B.bacteria produced low densities of whitefly’s nymphs per leaf. Finally, shaved and unshaved seeds coating and soil irrigation methods produced low densities of whitefly’s nymphs compared with the spraying treatment and all inoculation methods used had significant differences with control treatment. Microorganisms used improved cotton growth and decreased whitefly population density. This approach can be used as a component in integrated pest management programs for cotton. Keywords: Beneficial microorganisms, growth parameters, resistance, cotton, whitefly","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79385335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-040.2.164168
Kamal Abdulkarim Abbass AlHamiri, H. Z. Hussein
Al-Hamiri, K.A.A. and H.Z. Hussein. 2022. The Efficiency of Aloe vera Gel Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Aspergillus flavus Fungus Associated with Imported and Domestic Rice Grains in Iraq and its Ability to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Production. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 164-168. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.164168 The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of Aloe vera gel extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium, as well as evaluating the efficiency of the extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and reducing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production in rice grains. The results obtained showed that the concentrations 1, 2, 3, and 4% of Aloe vera gel extract caused variable inhibition rates of A. flavus growth on PDA culture medium; of 97, 100, 5.88 and 17.64%, respectively. The best concentration from the laboratory experiment, (2%) was used, to evaluate its efficiency in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on rice grains during storage and reduced AFB1 production by 86.5%, from 21.2 ppb in the control to 2.86 ppb in the treatment using HPLC high- performance liquid chromatography. The same treatment reduced AFB1 concentration in rice grains contaminated with AFB1 by 74.7%, from 22.88 ppb in control to 5.78 ppb in the extract treatment. Keywords: A. flavus, mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1, Aloe vera, food, feed, toxicity
{"title":"The Efficiency of Aloe vera Gel Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Aspergillus flavus Fungus Associated with Imported and Domestic Rice Grains in Iraq and its Ability to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Production","authors":"Kamal Abdulkarim Abbass AlHamiri, H. Z. Hussein","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-040.2.164168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.164168","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Hamiri, K.A.A. and H.Z. Hussein. 2022. The Efficiency of Aloe vera Gel Extract in Inhibiting the Growth of Aspergillus flavus Fungus Associated with Imported and Domestic Rice Grains in Iraq and its Ability to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Production. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 164-168. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.164168 The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different concentrations of Aloe vera gel extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium, as well as evaluating the efficiency of the extract in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and reducing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production in rice grains. The results obtained showed that the concentrations 1, 2, 3, and 4% of Aloe vera gel extract caused variable inhibition rates of A. flavus growth on PDA culture medium; of 97, 100, 5.88 and 17.64%, respectively. The best concentration from the laboratory experiment, (2%) was used, to evaluate its efficiency in inhibiting the growth of A. flavus on rice grains during storage and reduced AFB1 production by 86.5%, from 21.2 ppb in the control to 2.86 ppb in the treatment using HPLC high- performance liquid chromatography. The same treatment reduced AFB1 concentration in rice grains contaminated with AFB1 by 74.7%, from 22.88 ppb in control to 5.78 ppb in the extract treatment. Keywords: A. flavus, mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1, Aloe vera, food, feed, toxicity","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72625338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.3.247259
Imad ElTinawi, F. Albiski, Jawdat Faddoul
Eltinawi, E.A., F. Albiski and J. Faddoul. 2022. Effect of Cultural Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. tuberosi in Some Growth Parameters of Ten Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum) In vitro. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 247- 259. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.247259 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biological stress on some morphological growth parameters of ten potato varieties grown in vitro. Biological stress was applied by adding different concentrations of cultural filtrate (CF) of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. Tuberosum (0, 5 , 10, 15, 25, 30, 40%) to the MS (Murashigi-Skoog) growth medium. The growth parameters measured were: plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, leaf area (mm²), number of roots/plant, root length (cm), and plant fresh and dry weight (g). The results showed that the potato varieties investigated differed in their response to the biological stress applied. The cluster analysis based on the sum of the relative values of the studied growth parameters, the potato varieties can be clustered in three different groups: The first group included three tolerant varieties to biological stress, Toronto, Barcelona and Suria; the second group included four moderately sensitive varieties to bio-stress, Fabulla, Nectare, Spunta and Ardappel; the third group included three sensitive varieties, 7-Four-7, Farida and Joly. The results obtained indicated that the in vitro screening technology could be used as a fast and efficient way to evaluate genetic variation of tolerance to biological stress in potatoes. Keywords: Biological stress, cultural filtrate (CF), cluster analysis, mycotoxin, potatoes
{"title":"Effect of Cultural Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. tuberosi in Some Growth Parameters of Ten Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum) In vitro","authors":"Imad ElTinawi, F. Albiski, Jawdat Faddoul","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.3.247259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.3.247259","url":null,"abstract":"Eltinawi, E.A., F. Albiski and J. Faddoul. 2022. Effect of Cultural Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. tuberosi in Some Growth Parameters of Ten Potato Varieties (Solanum tuberosum) In vitro. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(3): 247- 259. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.3.247259 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biological stress on some morphological growth parameters of ten potato varieties grown in vitro. Biological stress was applied by adding different concentrations of cultural filtrate (CF) of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. Tuberosum (0, 5 , 10, 15, 25, 30, 40%) to the MS (Murashigi-Skoog) growth medium. The growth parameters measured were: plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, leaf area (mm²), number of roots/plant, root length (cm), and plant fresh and dry weight (g). The results showed that the potato varieties investigated differed in their response to the biological stress applied. The cluster analysis based on the sum of the relative values of the studied growth parameters, the potato varieties can be clustered in three different groups: The first group included three tolerant varieties to biological stress, Toronto, Barcelona and Suria; the second group included four moderately sensitive varieties to bio-stress, Fabulla, Nectare, Spunta and Ardappel; the third group included three sensitive varieties, 7-Four-7, Farida and Joly. The results obtained indicated that the in vitro screening technology could be used as a fast and efficient way to evaluate genetic variation of tolerance to biological stress in potatoes. Keywords: Biological stress, cultural filtrate (CF), cluster analysis, mycotoxin, potatoes","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86111839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamel, S.H., R.F. Al-Jassani and H.A. Al-Shammari. 2022. Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 315-324. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.315324 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different bacterial isolates of P. fluorescens and B. t. tenebrionis and silver nanoparticles on the activity of the cellulase enzyme in termites' middle digestive system and its role in glucose release by treating cellulose media with bacterial strains and nanoparticles. Ultraviolet spectroscopy results revealed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by P. fluorescens isolated from termites, commercial P. fluorescens, and local B.t. tenrbrionis had the highest absorption at 385, 324, and 324 nm wave length, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that ketons, amines, alkanes, and alcohols were among the groups that contributed to silver ions reduction, capping and stabilizing nanoparticles. The particle diameters were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found to be on average 32.43, 63.19, and 57.62 nm. The highest concentration of liberated glucose was recorded after 24 hours, which ranged between 0.453 and 1.285 mg/ml when treated with silver nanoparticles prepared from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens bacteria and when treated with a bacterial isolate P. fluorescens, respectively. Only when treated with synthesized silver nanoparticles and when treated with commercial P. fluorescens isolates did the lowest concentrations of liberated sugar reached between 0.037 and 0.730 mg/ml after 72 hours, respectively. The high quantity of liberated sugar in the control treatment was constant, reaching 1.70 and 2.33 mg/ml after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. In addition to the variation in cellulase enzyme inhibition rates in termite digestive systems due to the effect of different treatments, it was discovered that the local isolate of B. t. tenrbrionis was better than the rest of the isolates in affecting the enzyme, causing inhibition rates of 71.42%. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles synthesized from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens outperformed other treatments in inhibiting enzyme activity, with an inhibition rate of 78.57% . Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis, silver nanoparticles, Microcerotermes diversus
{"title":"Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv.","authors":"Shaimaa Hameed Kamel, Rahdi Fadel Al-Jassani, Hazem Idan Al-Shammari","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.315324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.315324","url":null,"abstract":"Kamel, S.H., R.F. Al-Jassani and H.A. Al-Shammari. 2022. Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis Isolates and Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Workers' Digestive System of the Termite Microcerotermes diversus Silv. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 315-324. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.315324 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different bacterial isolates of P. fluorescens and B. t. tenebrionis and silver nanoparticles on the activity of the cellulase enzyme in termites' middle digestive system and its role in glucose release by treating cellulose media with bacterial strains and nanoparticles. Ultraviolet spectroscopy results revealed that silver nanoparticles synthesized by P. fluorescens isolated from termites, commercial P. fluorescens, and local B.t. tenrbrionis had the highest absorption at 385, 324, and 324 nm wave length, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that ketons, amines, alkanes, and alcohols were among the groups that contributed to silver ions reduction, capping and stabilizing nanoparticles. The particle diameters were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found to be on average 32.43, 63.19, and 57.62 nm. The highest concentration of liberated glucose was recorded after 24 hours, which ranged between 0.453 and 1.285 mg/ml when treated with silver nanoparticles prepared from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens bacteria and when treated with a bacterial isolate P. fluorescens, respectively. Only when treated with synthesized silver nanoparticles and when treated with commercial P. fluorescens isolates did the lowest concentrations of liberated sugar reached between 0.037 and 0.730 mg/ml after 72 hours, respectively. The high quantity of liberated sugar in the control treatment was constant, reaching 1.70 and 2.33 mg/ml after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. In addition to the variation in cellulase enzyme inhibition rates in termite digestive systems due to the effect of different treatments, it was discovered that the local isolate of B. t. tenrbrionis was better than the rest of the isolates in affecting the enzyme, causing inhibition rates of 71.42%. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles synthesized from a commercial isolate of P. fluorescens outperformed other treatments in inhibiting enzyme activity, with an inhibition rate of 78.57% . Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis, silver nanoparticles, Microcerotermes diversus","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83846497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.4.286292
I. Ghazal, Awes Shaheen
Ghazal, I. and A. Shaheen. 2022. Study of Some Species of the Genus Gymnosporangium and its Host Plant Families in Al-Kadmous Region, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 286-292. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.286292 This study was carried out to identify some rust fungi species of the genus Gymnosporangium and to determine their hosts in the Mediterranean mountain region of Al-Kadmous, Tartous Governorate, Syria, during the period 2017-2020. The identified species were described morphologically, and stages of their lifecycle was detected on each host plant and their occurrence (%) on mutual hosts was assessed. The monitoring of various tree species, which belong to the family Rosaceae (subfamily: Pomoideae) in addition to all species of cypress (Cupressaceae), has shown mainly the existence of four species belonging to Gymnosporangium: G. sabinae (Dicks.) Winter, G. gracile Pat., G. confusum Plowr. and G. clavariiforme (Wulfen) DC. The pycnia and the aecia stages were recorded on all cultivated pear trees (Pyrus sp.), and the wild pear or Syrian pear (Pyrus syriaca). The second species was found on the wild hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus and Crataegus monogyna) and quince (Cydonia sp.). As for the rest of the species, they were found only on wild hawthorn. In addition, the telial stage (Telia) of the four species was found on the primary or winter host juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus). Finally, it was noticed that the distribution of this genus depended entirely on the existence of the Juniper shrubs nearby the Pomoideae species. Keywords: Rust fungi, Gymnosporangium, Host Plant, Pomoideae, Juniper, Al- Kadmous Region, Syria.
{"title":"Study of Some Species of the Genus Gymnosporangium and its Host Plant Families in Al-Kadmous Region, Syria","authors":"I. Ghazal, Awes Shaheen","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.286292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.286292","url":null,"abstract":"Ghazal, I. and A. Shaheen. 2022. Study of Some Species of the Genus Gymnosporangium and its Host Plant Families in Al-Kadmous Region, Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 286-292. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.286292 This study was carried out to identify some rust fungi species of the genus Gymnosporangium and to determine their hosts in the Mediterranean mountain region of Al-Kadmous, Tartous Governorate, Syria, during the period 2017-2020. The identified species were described morphologically, and stages of their lifecycle was detected on each host plant and their occurrence (%) on mutual hosts was assessed. The monitoring of various tree species, which belong to the family Rosaceae (subfamily: Pomoideae) in addition to all species of cypress (Cupressaceae), has shown mainly the existence of four species belonging to Gymnosporangium: G. sabinae (Dicks.) Winter, G. gracile Pat., G. confusum Plowr. and G. clavariiforme (Wulfen) DC. The pycnia and the aecia stages were recorded on all cultivated pear trees (Pyrus sp.), and the wild pear or Syrian pear (Pyrus syriaca). The second species was found on the wild hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus and Crataegus monogyna) and quince (Cydonia sp.). As for the rest of the species, they were found only on wild hawthorn. In addition, the telial stage (Telia) of the four species was found on the primary or winter host juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus). Finally, it was noticed that the distribution of this genus depended entirely on the existence of the Juniper shrubs nearby the Pomoideae species. Keywords: Rust fungi, Gymnosporangium, Host Plant, Pomoideae, Juniper, Al- Kadmous Region, Syria.","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74483874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.1.007014
Awas Ali Hasan, A. Mouhanna
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most destructive plant viruses which infect a large number of vegetable crops in greenhouses causing significant economic losses. A survey was conducted to identify TYLCV strains which infect tomato plants (Solanum lycopesicum L.) in greenhouses along the Syrian coast. PCR results using specific primer pair TYAlmv2516/TYAlmc115 confirmed the presence of Spanish strain (TYLCSV-ES)́ iń 6́ out́ of́ thé 19́ tested́ samples,́ whereaś otheŕ sampleś didn’t́ react́ with́ this primer pair. Phylogenetic tree showed that the isolates To11 and To18 collected from Tartous province clustered in the same subgroup with 99.1% nucleotide identity, and this subgroup clustered in one group with TYLCSV-ES 5a [LN846598] from Morocco with 97% and 97.4% nucleotide identities, respectively. Local isolate To6 collected from Lattakia province clustered in the same subgroup with TYLCSV-ES [L27708] from Almeria (Spain) with 99.5% nucleotides identity. Keywords: Spanish strain, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato, greenhouses, Syrian coast
{"title":"Investigation on the Spread of the Spanish Strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus TYLCSV-ES in Greenhouses Along the Syrian Coast","authors":"Awas Ali Hasan, A. Mouhanna","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.1.007014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.1.007014","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most destructive plant viruses which infect a large number of vegetable crops in greenhouses causing significant economic losses. A survey was conducted to identify TYLCV strains which infect tomato plants (Solanum lycopesicum L.) in greenhouses along the Syrian coast. PCR results using specific primer pair TYAlmv2516/TYAlmc115 confirmed the presence of Spanish strain (TYLCSV-ES)́ iń 6́ out́ of́ thé 19́ tested́ samples,́ whereaś otheŕ sampleś didn’t́ react́ with́ this primer pair. Phylogenetic tree showed that the isolates To11 and To18 collected from Tartous province clustered in the same subgroup with 99.1% nucleotide identity, and this subgroup clustered in one group with TYLCSV-ES 5a [LN846598] from Morocco with 97% and 97.4% nucleotide identities, respectively. Local isolate To6 collected from Lattakia province clustered in the same subgroup with TYLCSV-ES [L27708] from Almeria (Spain) with 99.5% nucleotides identity. Keywords: Spanish strain, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, tomato, greenhouses, Syrian coast","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75823309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22268/ajpp-40.4.356361
Rasha Salam Sahib, S. A. Shafiq, R. A. Chechan
Sahib, R.S., S.A. Shafiq and R.A. Chechan. 2022. Optimal Conditions for the Production of Mother Culture for Cultivated Iraqi Edible Mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR strain (Shiitake Mushroom). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 356-361. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.356361 This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions of using different agro-natural wastes to develop a local culture media suitable for producing mother cultures of the wild Shiitake Iraqi strain mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR, by using different natural media composed of wheat, oats, barley, corn cobs, green peas, chickpeas, wheat bran, rice bran, barley bran, bumper leaves, moringa leaves, sawdust and whey cheese. In addition to potato dextrose agar (PDA) used for comparison at 10 to 40 g/L concentration. The optimal concentration of the medium produced was 20 g/L, and the best pH for mycelium development of this strain was 6.5 at 23oC under dark conditions. The best mycelial growth and density obtained was on wheat flour agar media. Keywords: Agro-wastes, shitake cultivation, mushroom, environmental factors
{"title":"Optimal Conditions for the Production of Mother Culture for Cultivated Iraqi Edible Mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR strain (Shiitake Mushroom)","authors":"Rasha Salam Sahib, S. A. Shafiq, R. A. Chechan","doi":"10.22268/ajpp-40.4.356361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-40.4.356361","url":null,"abstract":"Sahib, R.S., S.A. Shafiq and R.A. Chechan. 2022. Optimal Conditions for the Production of Mother Culture for Cultivated Iraqi Edible Mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR strain (Shiitake Mushroom). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 356-361. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.356361 This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions of using different agro-natural wastes to develop a local culture media suitable for producing mother cultures of the wild Shiitake Iraqi strain mushroom Lentinula edodes RSR, by using different natural media composed of wheat, oats, barley, corn cobs, green peas, chickpeas, wheat bran, rice bran, barley bran, bumper leaves, moringa leaves, sawdust and whey cheese. In addition to potato dextrose agar (PDA) used for comparison at 10 to 40 g/L concentration. The optimal concentration of the medium produced was 20 g/L, and the best pH for mycelium development of this strain was 6.5 at 23oC under dark conditions. The best mycelial growth and density obtained was on wheat flour agar media. Keywords: Agro-wastes, shitake cultivation, mushroom, environmental factors","PeriodicalId":8105,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal for Plant Protection","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77843070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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