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Analytical Quantification of mycotoxin by LC-ESI-MS/MS, and MALDI-TOF MS in phoma sorghina species of sugarcane LC-ESI-MS/MS和MALDI-TOF MS分析测定甘蔗中真菌毒素含量
Pub Date : 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.4.2
J. J. Jeyakumar, Muqing Zhang
Mycotoxin s  are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, which are harmful to humans and animals.  Phoma is a common fungal plant pathogen that can produce mycotoxins in sugarcane. Phoma sorgina  belonging to  phoma  species that cause devastating fungal disease twisted leaf on sugarcane, The present  study  helps  to carry  out research  on potential  metabolites of  fungal  strain belongs to the  phoma sorghina  species such as  P. sorghina  (BS2-1),   P. sorghina  (BS11-1),   P. sorghina   (BSQP)   isolated from sugarcane. These metabolites may influence the functioning of the fungus and are thus important indirectly for its growth and survival.  Mass spectrometry (MS) is commonly used for the detection, characterization and quantitation of mycotoxins in agricultural crops.  Phoma  species were assessed to provide a risk assessment of their secondary metabolites in sugarcane by describing their global metabolome data obtained from the LC-MS instrument. Another study examined through using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation – time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify  phoma species rapidly and accurately.  Different protein mass spectra obtained with MALDI-TOF MS were able to separate the  phoma  species reported in sugarcane. Therefore, the discovery of new conjugated mycotoxins and secondary metabolites produced  phoma  species was made possible by combining high mass accuracy data with analytic approaches.
霉菌毒素是真菌产生的次生代谢产物,对人类和动物都有危害。Phoma是一种常见的植物真菌病原体,可在甘蔗中产生真菌毒素。本研究有助于开展从甘蔗中分离的高粱霉属真菌菌株P. sorghina (BS2-1)、P. sorghina (BS11-1)、P. sorghina (BSQP)的潜在代谢产物的研究。这些代谢物可能影响真菌的功能,因此对其生长和生存间接重要。质谱法(MS)通常用于农作物中真菌毒素的检测、表征和定量。通过描述从LC-MS仪器获得的全球代谢组数据,对Phoma物种进行了评估,以提供其在甘蔗中的次级代谢物的风险评估。另一项研究通过基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF MS)快速准确地鉴定肿瘤种类。利用MALDI-TOF质谱法获得的不同蛋白质谱能够分离甘蔗中所报道的肿瘤种类。因此,通过将高质量精度的数据与分析方法相结合,发现新的共轭真菌毒素和次生代谢物产生的肿瘤物种成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Present status of Liverworts and Hornworts in India 印度苔属和角苔属植物的现状
Pub Date : 2021-04-14 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.3.1
S. Majumdar, M. Dey
Recent addition of several taxa of liverworts in Indian flora and a few taxa being synonymized has resulted in a total of 953 taxa of liverworts and hornworts in India.
最近在印度植物区系中增加了几个苔类分类群和几个同义分类群,使印度苔类和角苔类共有953个分类群。
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引用次数: 0
Herbal potential of some plants from Shivalik hills of H.P, Northwestern Himalaya for treatment of waterborne diseases: A Review 喜马拉雅西北部hp Shivalik山部分植物治疗水媒疾病的草药潜力综述
Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.3.2
Nitesh Kumar, P. Kumari, Rakhi Gagotia, Sunita Saklani, Arvind Kumar
Water pollution is the significant pollution of rural areas and even in the cities pollution of water occurs when pollutants or contaminants are inducted into the natural surroundings intentionally or unintentionally. Water pollution is the discharge of impurities into water bodies like chemicals, microorganisms, radioactive energy, and heat. These substances are called water pollutants and obstruct the essential water utilization or the natural working of the ecosystem. The contaminated or polluted water causes many human diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, jaundice, polio (infantile paralysis), and trachoma (eye infection). Himachal Pradesh is a hilly state which is full of forests with characteristic medicinal wealth and floristic diversity. Mostly the peoples of Himachal Pradesh live in the rural areas and the vicinity of the forest. They are having a great reservoir of traditional knowledge regarding the use of local plants from the forest to treat various health problems. This study emphasizes the conventional use of some plants from the forest of Shivalik hills of Himachal Pradesh, the North-Western Himalayan region, for the cure of diseases that occurs because of water pollution.
水污染是农村地区的重大污染,甚至在城市,当污染物或污染物被有意或无意地引入自然环境时,就会发生水污染。水污染是指将化学物质、微生物、放射性能量和热量等杂质排放到水体中。这些物质被称为水污染物,阻碍了基本的水利用或生态系统的自然工作。被污染或污染的水导致许多人类疾病,如霍乱、腹泻、痢疾、伤寒、黄疸、小儿麻痹症(婴儿麻痹)和沙眼(眼睛感染)。喜马偕尔邦是一个多山的邦,森林丰富,具有独特的药用财富和植物多样性。喜马偕尔邦的大多数人住在农村地区和森林附近。他们拥有大量关于利用当地森林植物治疗各种健康问题的传统知识。这项研究强调了喜马偕尔邦(Himachal Pradesh)西北喜马拉雅地区Shivalik山森林中的一些植物的传统用途,用于治疗因水污染而发生的疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Pathogenic fungi associated with Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Rob and Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Nepal 与Ageratina adenophora(春季)相关的致病真菌金和H.罗布和尼泊尔的宫内帕提尼亚
Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.1.4
S. Jha, Reetu Deuba
This study was carried out in Kathmandu valley, Nepal to document the fungal pathogens associated with the worst invasive species Ageratina adenophora and Parthenium hysterophorus . Pathogen infected leaves were collected in the fields and were cultured in the PDA media. The pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified. Eleven fungal pathogens, namely Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Cercospora partheniicola , Colletotrichum capsici , Curvularia sp., Passalora ageratinae , Chaetomium anguipilium , Cladosporium cladosporoides, and Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola were found on Parthenium hysterophorus . In contrast, Passalora ageretinae and Cladosporium cladosporoides were found on Ageratina adenophora . Curvularia lunata was seen on both the invasive plant species.
本研究在尼泊尔加德满都谷地进行,记录了与最严重的入侵物种Ageratina adenophora和Parthenium hysterophorus相关的真菌病原体。田间采集病原菌感染的叶片,在PDA培养基上培养。对病原菌进行了分离鉴定。在桃茎上发现了11种真菌病原菌,分别为赤孢菌、镰刀菌、灰孢菌、辣椒炭疽菌、曲霉菌、ageralora、anguipilium、Cladosporium cladosporoides和raprupta var. partheniicola。与此相反,在紫刺上发现了绿刺蛾(Passalora ageretinae)和枝孢枝孢(Cladosporium cladosporoides)。在两种入侵植物上均可见月曲菌。
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引用次数: 0
Samolus valerandi L. (Primulaceae): A new Angiospermic record from Jammu and Kashmir, India 樱草属植物(报春花科):印度查谟和克什米尔被子植物新记录
Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.2.1
Mushtaq Ahmed, Manjul Dhiman
A humid-loving herb Samolus valerandi L. is collected for the first time from the union territory  Jammu and Kashmir. The reported taxa  is found in a wetland near rice fields at Phalni 1411m above mean sea level . The specimen are thoroughly analysed morphologically live in the field, followed by collection of specimen for herbarium and deposition of standerized herbarium sheets at herbarium of Department of Botany, KLDAV PG College Roorkee Haridwar 247667 Uttarakhand India. The detailed taxonomic description and photographs are provided  in the manuscript.
一种潮湿的草本植物,首次从联邦领土查谟和克什米尔收集。报告的分类群发现于海拔1411m的Phalni稻田附近的湿地。在野外对标本进行了彻底的形态分析,然后将标本收集到植物标本室,并在印度北方邦鲁尔基·哈里德瓦247667 KLDAV PG学院植物学系的植物标本室沉积标准化的植物标本室。手稿中提供了详细的分类描述和照片。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnomedicinal studies of postpartum recipes used by rural and tribal women of Southern Rajasthan, India 印度南部拉贾斯坦邦农村和部落妇女产后食谱的民族医学研究
Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.2.2
Khushboo Kumawat, Sunita M. Jain, A. Arora
The postpartum period is defined as the period after delivery of conceptus when maternal physiological and anatomical changes return to the non-pregnant state. The postpartum period, also known as puerperium, starts following the placenta's expulsion until the complete physiological recovery of various organ systems. Rural and tribal peoples of Southern Rajasthan practice unique dietary therapeutic recipes for a holistic approach to cure and rejuvenate new mother's pregnancy-based maladies. Ethno-medicinal survey reveals 12 recipes/ formulations that deploy the medicinal herbs that have been time tested and align with modern biochemical evaluations conducted on animal models and humans.
产后是指分娩后产妇的生理和解剖变化恢复到非妊娠状态的一段时间。产后,也被称为产褥期,从胎盘排出后开始,直到各器官系统的生理完全恢复。南拉贾斯坦邦的农村和部落人民采用独特的饮食治疗方法,以整体方法治疗和恢复新母亲的怀孕疾病。民族医学调查揭示了12种配方/配方,这些配方使用了经过时间考验的草药,并与在动物模型和人类上进行的现代生化评估相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Withania somnifera: Diversity and phylogeny - An overview 藜茅:多样性与系统发育综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-16 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.1.2
M. M. Ganaie, P. H. Qazi, V. Verma, Z. Reshi, A. Q. Mir, V. Raja
The diversity and phylogenetic relationships within Solanaceae are interesting. Withania, despite being an important genus of the family, has not found proper attention for such studies and even species delimitation within the genus is debatable. Different authors at different points of times classified Withania somnifera into different morphological forms and split it into two different species. Similarly, there are various uncertainties about phylogenetic relationships below the family level in Solanaceae and Withania . In the present study, morphological and molecular data have been used to overview the diversity and phylogeny of Withania, particularly W. somnifera . The morphological studies, RAPD, ISSR, cytochrome P450 sequence, derived primers, SSR analogues, and ITS sequence data support that the species has a lot of polymorphism bifurcated into two well-demarcated varieties. However, there is no conclusive support for dividing the species into more than two forms or splitting the species into two different species, rbc L gene sequence data supports a close relationship of the genus with Physalis and associated genera.
茄科植物的多样性和系统发育关系令人感兴趣。Withania尽管是该科的一个重要属,但在这方面的研究还没有得到适当的重视,甚至属内的物种划分也存在争议。不同的作者在不同的时期将Withania somnifera划分为不同的形态,并将其分为两个不同的种。同样,在茄科和薇兰科中,在科级以下的系统发育关系也存在各种不确定性。本文从形态学和分子生物学的角度对Withania,特别是W. somnifera的多样性和系统发育进行了综述。形态学研究、RAPD、ISSR、细胞色素P450序列、衍生引物、SSR类似物和ITS序列数据支持该物种具有大量多态性,并划分为两个明确的品种。虽然目前还没有确切的证据支持将该属分为两种以上或分为两个不同的种,但rbc L基因序列数据支持该属与Physalis及其伴生属的亲缘关系。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of chromium on basic growth factors of Pennisetum glaucum L. 铬对狼尾草基本生长因子的影响。
Pub Date : 2021-01-16 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.1.1
N. Joshi, P. Menon
One of the main concerns of agricultural production is heavy metal pollutants. The industrialization has resulted in the heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil and ecosystems. Metals are a natural component of the earth,  it is when their concentration increases from natural levels, ecological deterioration occurs. In the present study, transplant experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in Pennisetum glaucum L. The seeds growing in petridishes were exposed to chromium, in increasing concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 ppm. Each treatment was replicated in a randomized design and observed over a period of 7 days. The seedlings were studied for their response based on germination rate, seed vigour index, length of the radicle, length of plumule, and fresh weight against seeds germinated using distilled water as a control. Five different chromium concentrations i.e., 5, 10, 50, 100 & 200 ppm, were applied to the plants. Each treatment was replicated in a randomized design and observed for 45 days. The plants were studied for the length of root, length of shoot, fresh weight, total chlorophyll content, protein content, and heavy metal analysis compared to a set irrigated using distilled water as a control. The root and shoot lengths decreased with an increase in Cr concentrations in the transplants. A gradual decrease was observed in the selected parameters, with an increase in Cr levels. The values related well with increased Phyto-accumulation of chromium within the tissues of both roots and shoots. It was observed that chromium's harmful effects on all the parameters were directly proportional to the concentration of solution employed, with the inhibition of growth being more pronounced from 50 ppm onwards. As Pennisetum glaucum L. an edible crop despite showing a good potential for application in phytoremediation techniques, it can’t be used to hyper accumulate chromium to remove it from the soil.
农业生产的主要问题之一是重金属污染物。工业化造成了农业土壤和生态系统的重金属污染。金属是地球的自然组成部分,当它们的浓度从自然水平增加时,就会发生生态恶化。本研究通过移植试验,评价了铬污染土壤对狼尾草(Pennisetum glaucum L.)的影响。在培养皿中生长的种子分别暴露于浓度为1、3、5、10、50、100、200、300、500 ppm的铬环境中。每个治疗在随机设计中重复,观察时间为7天。以发芽率、种子活力指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度和鲜重为对照,研究了幼苗对蒸馏水萌发种子的反应。五种不同的铬浓度,即5、10、50、100和200 ppm,应用于植物。每个治疗均采用随机设计,观察时间为45天。以蒸馏水为对照,研究了各植株的根长、茎长、鲜重、总叶绿素含量、蛋白质含量和重金属含量。根长和茎长随移栽Cr浓度的增加而减小。随着Cr水平的增加,所选参数逐渐降低。这些值与根和芽组织中铬的植物积累增加密切相关。观察到,铬对所有参数的有害影响与所采用溶液的浓度成正比,从50 ppm起对生长的抑制作用更为明显。狼尾草作为一种可食用作物,虽然在植物修复技术中具有很好的应用潜力,但它不能用于超积累铬来去除土壤中的铬。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 and the plant health: an unexpected blessing COVID-19和植物健康:意想不到的祝福
Pub Date : 2021-01-16 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2021.10.1.3
J. Rout
The viral pandemic caused by the COVID-19 due to its spread across the globe has been the greatest worry for mankind. It has shattered our day-to-day life activities through the imposition of lock- or shutdown and consequently affected the physical, mental, psychological, and socio-economic status of the human beings. On the contrary, it has also acted as a brake on environmental degradation activity by reducing all pollution load levels on the environment. The reduction of harmful pollutants either from air or water is a good indication for plants' growth and development. The present paper highlights such possible outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic issue on the environment focussing health perspective of plant kingdom particular.
新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内蔓延,成为人类最大的忧虑。它通过强制封锁或关闭破坏了我们的日常生活活动,从而影响了人类的身体、精神、心理和社会经济地位。相反,它还通过减少对环境的所有污染负荷水平,对环境退化活动起到了抑制作用。空气或水中有害污染物的减少是植物生长发育的良好指标。本文重点介绍了COVID-19大流行问题对环境的可能结果,特别是植物界的健康角度。
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引用次数: 1
Morphological diversity within Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) of Nepal 尼泊尔石斛(兰科)的形态多样性
Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.5281/APS.2020.9.12.1
Baba Maiya Pradhan, D. Bajracharya
The morphological diversity within Dendrobium Sw., comprising 29 species of Nepal Himalaya, is presented. The paper provides detailed information about the range of diversity in vegetative and reproductive characteristics. An artificial key to the species is provided for their identification. According to the updated classification of Orchidaceae, genera like Epigeneium and Flickingeria of subtribe Dendrobiinae are merged into genus Dendrobium sensu lato. In the present investigation, the morphological diversity within 29 species of Dendrobium viz. D. amoenum, D. amplum, D. anceps, D. aphyllum, D. bicameratum, D. chrysanthum , D. crepidatum, D. darjeelingense, D. denneanum, D. densiflorum, D. denudans, D. eriiflorum, D. fimbriatum var. oculatum, D. formosum, D. fugax, D. fuscescens, D. gibsonii, D. heterocarpum, D. longicornu, D. moniliforme, D. monticola, D. moschatum, D. nobile, D. plicatile, D. polyanthum, D. porphyrochilum, D. rotundatum and D. transparens of Nepal Himalaya were studied.
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引用次数: 0
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Annals of Plant Sciences
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