Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436.100074
E. Galdiero, Crudele, Della Rocca Mt, C. Melardo, Dietrich Fm, M. Galdiero, G. Franci
Information on age- and sex-specific prevalence of herpes viruses (HHV) is of importance to optimize control and prevention strategies. Using data from a population-based serological study in South Italy (n=1854) between 1/01/2016 and 30/06/2017, the main purpose of the present study was to assess the spread of HSV1-2, VZV and CMV seroprevalence in a random population. Results of seroprevalence in South Italy in the last year showed that CMV is the most frequent species with a significantly higher prevalence in women , and with infection rates increasing from childhood to adolescence. In our country, probability of seropositivity for HSV1-2 infections increase with age. A large proportion of teenagers and young adults remain HSV-1-2 susceptible and women were significantly more likely to be HSV1-2 seropositive. Similar to other European countries, varicella immunity in south Italy is acquired gradually, starting in early childhood and showing an increase around age 3–5 years even if the amount of susceptible adults aged over 20 years is still substantial.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Herpes viruses in a retrospective study in Southern Italy","authors":"E. Galdiero, Crudele, Della Rocca Mt, C. Melardo, Dietrich Fm, M. Galdiero, G. Franci","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100074","url":null,"abstract":"Information on age- and sex-specific prevalence of herpes viruses (HHV) is of importance to optimize control and prevention strategies. Using data from a population-based serological study in South Italy (n=1854) between 1/01/2016 and 30/06/2017, the main purpose of the present study was to assess the spread of HSV1-2, VZV and CMV seroprevalence in a random population. Results of seroprevalence in South Italy in the last year showed that CMV is the most frequent species with a significantly higher prevalence in women , and with infection rates increasing from childhood to adolescence. In our country, probability of seropositivity for HSV1-2 infections increase with age. A large proportion of teenagers and young adults remain HSV-1-2 susceptible and women were significantly more likely to be HSV1-2 seropositive. Similar to other European countries, varicella immunity in south Italy is acquired gradually, starting in early childhood and showing an increase around age 3–5 years even if the amount of susceptible adults aged over 20 years is still substantial.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85381052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436.100081
G. Arvind, N. Upma, M. Nikesh
Background: The high morbidity and mortality of patients with end stage renal disease have led to the development of a variety of guidelines for improving the care of patients on dialysis, and more recently the care of patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease. Methods & Findings: A prospective observational study was done on 240 nondiabetic chronic kidney disease patients and on 240 controls to assess the delayed hypersensitivity response by using Candin test. During Oct 2015 to July 2017 we enrolled 480 subjects and all were injected Candin antigen intradermally and evaluated for induration after 48 hours. Among these cases 35% patients showed positive induration while control group revealed 58.8% indurations. Induration was significantly more positive in stage 3 and 4 in comparison to stage 5. Cases with positive induration have higher eGFR value. Induration response was significantly more positive in the group which has not undergone for haemodialysis. Conclusion: The study concludes that by using Candin test we can single out in advance those patients who are in the state of deteriorating cellular immunity in order to provide additional therapy to improve quality of their lives and also vaccinate such patients with augmented regimens for providing extra protective cover for reducing the morbidity from various infections. During this study period no CKD patient of stage 1 and 2 has been enrolled but if the Candin skin test had been done on such patients, encouraging results would have been got by protecting them with several infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of Delayed-Type Hyper Sensitivity Skin Test In CKD Patients: Significance of Candin Test","authors":"G. Arvind, N. Upma, M. Nikesh","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100081","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The high morbidity and mortality of patients with end stage renal disease have led to the development of a variety of guidelines for improving the care of patients on dialysis, and more recently the care of patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease. Methods & Findings: A prospective observational study was done on 240 nondiabetic chronic kidney disease patients and on 240 controls to assess the delayed hypersensitivity response by using Candin test. During Oct 2015 to July 2017 we enrolled 480 subjects and all were injected Candin antigen intradermally and evaluated for induration after 48 hours. Among these cases 35% patients showed positive induration while control group revealed 58.8% indurations. Induration was significantly more positive in stage 3 and 4 in comparison to stage 5. Cases with positive induration have higher eGFR value. Induration response was significantly more positive in the group which has not undergone for haemodialysis. Conclusion: The study concludes that by using Candin test we can single out in advance those patients who are in the state of deteriorating cellular immunity in order to provide additional therapy to improve quality of their lives and also vaccinate such patients with augmented regimens for providing extra protective cover for reducing the morbidity from various infections. During this study period no CKD patient of stage 1 and 2 has been enrolled but if the Candin skin test had been done on such patients, encouraging results would have been got by protecting them with several infections.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80890995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436-C1-001
Menachem Shoham
{"title":"Antivirulents vs Antibiotics","authors":"Menachem Shoham","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C1-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72929529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-18DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436-C1-002
Ahmad Alharafsheh, M. Alsheikh, Sheraz Ali, Amani A. Baraiki, Ghadah Alharbi, Tahani Alhabshi, Amina Aboutaleb
{"title":"A retrospective cross-sectional study of antibiotic prescribing patterns in an adult inpatient department at a tertiary care setting","authors":"Ahmad Alharafsheh, M. Alsheikh, Sheraz Ali, Amani A. Baraiki, Ghadah Alharbi, Tahani Alhabshi, Amina Aboutaleb","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C1-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C1-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79254284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-07DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436-C1-003
A. Arzi, Siavash Azarbani, Hanieh Zarringhalam, Zahra Nazari, Mohsen Rezaei
Background and Objective: The side effects of NSAIDS drugs, have caused increasing interest of scientists in herbal medicines as alternative treatment. In this study, the effect of anti inflammatory of seed and fruit of date palm hydroalcolic extracts , due to having antioxidants, was studied. Materials and Methods: In this study, the extraxts of date palm seed and fruit were prepared by maceration method in 70% alcohol. Eighty male rats Wistar, divided into 10 groups of eight in each, 4 groups received different doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of seed extract and 4 other groups different doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of fruits extract of the palm, and the positive control aspirin (300mg/kg) and the negative control group saline (5ml/kg) via injection intraperitoneally. Half an hour later all animals received 100 µl of 1% carrageenan into the rats hind paw subcutaneous. The changes in rats paw edema was measured by plethysmometer every hour for five hours. Results: The effect of all of the doses of date palm seed extract on edema were less than aspirine (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the group that received 400 and 600 mg/kg date palm fruit extract when compared with aspirin group. The Dose 400 mg/kg of fruit extract showed the most anti-inflammatory effect and it was assignded as the best dose. Conclusion: It is likely that with further studies on different model of animals and also on human model the palm fruit extract could be used for pain treatment. ►Please cite this paper as: Arzi A, Azarbani S, Aghel N, Nazari Z, Rezae M. The Preventive Effect of Date Palm(Phoenix dactylifera) Seed and Fruit Hydroalcoholic Extracts on Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Male rat’s Hind Paw. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2014;13(5):495-502
{"title":"H3N2 Influenza vaccine rates and other protective behaviours amongst college students","authors":"A. Arzi, Siavash Azarbani, Hanieh Zarringhalam, Zahra Nazari, Mohsen Rezaei","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C1-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C1-003","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The side effects of NSAIDS drugs, have caused increasing interest of scientists in herbal medicines as alternative treatment. In this study, the effect of anti inflammatory of seed and fruit of date palm hydroalcolic extracts , due to having antioxidants, was studied. Materials and Methods: In this study, the extraxts of date palm seed and fruit were prepared by maceration method in 70% alcohol. Eighty male rats Wistar, divided into 10 groups of eight in each, 4 groups received different doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of seed extract and 4 other groups different doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of fruits extract of the palm, and the positive control aspirin (300mg/kg) and the negative control group saline (5ml/kg) via injection intraperitoneally. Half an hour later all animals received 100 µl of 1% carrageenan into the rats hind paw subcutaneous. The changes in rats paw edema was measured by plethysmometer every hour for five hours. Results: The effect of all of the doses of date palm seed extract on edema were less than aspirine (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the group that received 400 and 600 mg/kg date palm fruit extract when compared with aspirin group. The Dose 400 mg/kg of fruit extract showed the most anti-inflammatory effect and it was assignded as the best dose. Conclusion: It is likely that with further studies on different model of animals and also on human model the palm fruit extract could be used for pain treatment. ►Please cite this paper as: Arzi A, Azarbani S, Aghel N, Nazari Z, Rezae M. The Preventive Effect of Date Palm(Phoenix dactylifera) Seed and Fruit Hydroalcoholic Extracts on Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Male rat’s Hind Paw. Jundishapur Sci Med J 2014;13(5):495-502","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82736725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436.100040
Benie Ckd
Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen with several resistance factors that are partially evaluated in local products. This study aimed to evaluate P. aeruginosa multidrug-resistant (PAMDR) contaminating animal products. Materials and Methods: API20NE methods, susceptibility testing, serotyping, and molecular characterizations by using rpoB gene were performed. Results: On a set of 500 samples analyzed, API 20NE identified 205 (91.1%) of the 225 presumptive isolates as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rpoB gene confirmed that 204 (99.5%) of the 205 strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from bovine meat (122), fresh fish (49) and smoked fish (33). With a total prevalence of 36.2%, 181 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa out of 204 isolated were multidrug-resistant. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug-resistant was 47.8%, 33.1% and 20.0%, respectively, in bovine meat, fresh fish and smoked fish. The percentage of resistance showed by P. aeruginosa strains were 98.4% for aztreonam, 51.4% ticarcillin + clavulanic acid, 50.4% ticarcillin, 31.4% piperacillin, 33.6% ciprofloxacin, 17.0% cefepime, 6.9% ceftazidim 7.2% imipenem, 4.5% colistin and 0.0% fosfomycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains mainly resistant to ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidim, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin were serogroups O5, O7 and O11. Conclusion: These animal products play an active role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance ofPseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated fromBovine Meat, Fresh Fish and Smoked Fish.","authors":"Benie Ckd","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100040","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen with several resistance factors that are partially evaluated in local products. This study aimed to evaluate P. aeruginosa multidrug-resistant (PAMDR) contaminating animal products. Materials and Methods: API20NE methods, susceptibility testing, serotyping, and molecular characterizations by using rpoB gene were performed. Results: On a set of 500 samples analyzed, API 20NE identified 205 (91.1%) of the 225 presumptive isolates as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The rpoB gene confirmed that 204 (99.5%) of the 205 strains were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from bovine meat (122), fresh fish (49) and smoked fish (33). With a total prevalence of 36.2%, 181 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa out of 204 isolated were multidrug-resistant. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa multidrug-resistant was 47.8%, 33.1% and 20.0%, respectively, in bovine meat, fresh fish and smoked fish. The percentage of resistance showed by P. aeruginosa strains were 98.4% for aztreonam, 51.4% ticarcillin + clavulanic acid, 50.4% ticarcillin, 31.4% piperacillin, 33.6% ciprofloxacin, 17.0% cefepime, 6.9% ceftazidim 7.2% imipenem, 4.5% colistin and 0.0% fosfomycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains mainly resistant to ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidim, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin were serogroups O5, O7 and O11. Conclusion: These animal products play an active role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88729138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436.100042
Pantopikou K, Papasotiriou I
Title Bacterial detection in cancer samples. Background Bacterial contamination follow up is an integral part of quality control for blood sample handling and processing. Blood sample contamination is promoted by inappropriate blood drawing practices or laboratory environments. This study investigated the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the skin microenvironment that are capable of causing serious infections in cancer patients. Moreover, this study examined whether such contamination is caused by a lack of appropriate disinfection during blood collection, which may facilitate entry of skin bacteria into the bloodstream, or by downstream mishandling of samples by laboratory staff before or during analysis. Alternatively, blood contamination may result from an undiagnosed infection, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods and findings The bacteria described above have been detected by polymerase chain reaction (P.C.R). Our results revealed that 82% of examined samples were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus prior to any further blood processing. Conclusion The presence of Staphylococcus aureus before any blood processing indicating bacterial contamination results from incorrect venipuncture practices or the presence of an underlying infection that has yet to be diagnosed
{"title":"Detection and Identification of Bacterial Contamination in Blood Samples fromCancer Patients","authors":"Pantopikou K, Papasotiriou I","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100042","url":null,"abstract":"Title Bacterial detection in cancer samples. Background Bacterial contamination follow up is an integral part of quality control for blood sample handling and processing. Blood sample contamination is promoted by inappropriate blood drawing practices or laboratory environments. This study investigated the presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the skin microenvironment that are capable of causing serious infections in cancer patients. Moreover, this study examined whether such contamination is caused by a lack of appropriate disinfection during blood collection, which may facilitate entry of skin bacteria into the bloodstream, or by downstream mishandling of samples by laboratory staff before or during analysis. Alternatively, blood contamination may result from an undiagnosed infection, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods and findings The bacteria described above have been detected by polymerase chain reaction (P.C.R). Our results revealed that 82% of examined samples were contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus prior to any further blood processing. Conclusion The presence of Staphylococcus aureus before any blood processing indicating bacterial contamination results from incorrect venipuncture practices or the presence of an underlying infection that has yet to be diagnosed","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85281392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436.100046
D. Tsegaye, Ephrem Abiy, Tesfahun Mesele, T. Tadesse
Background: Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases in Ethiopia. Emergence of MDR TB worsened the countries strategies towards the control of the diseases. Delay in seeking health care may worsen the disease, increase the risk of death and aggravate tuberculosis transmission in the community. Objective: This study was aimed at determining delay in seeking health care and analyzes factors influencing the delay from onset of symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis until the presentation of modern health facilities. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional studies were conducted in randomly selected TB clinics, which deliver both diagnosis and treatment for TB in North Wollo health departments. Delay has analyzed from a period between onset of TB symptoms to first visit of any health provider (health seeking period). Respondents have interviewed on the same date of diagnosis using a semi-structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis applied to analyze the factors of delays. Results: Five hundred and twenty eight pulmonary TB patients aged 18 years and above enrolled in the study. Among these, 56.6% were males, 58.7% were married and 64% residing in rural areas. The median age was 33.5 (IQR=21) years. The median patient delay was 36 days and 62.3% of patients seek their first consultations after 30 days cut-off point. Long distance, rural residence, seeking treatment from traditional healers and poor knowledge about TB were associated factors that predict patient delay. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of long patients delay observed in seeking health care after 30 days cut-off point. Local authorities should collaborate, intensified awareness raising efforts to reduce high prevalence of patient delay in seeking health care.
{"title":"Delay in Seeking Health Care and associated Factors among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross-sectional Study","authors":"D. Tsegaye, Ephrem Abiy, Tesfahun Mesele, T. Tadesse","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100046","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases in Ethiopia. Emergence of MDR TB worsened the countries strategies towards the control of the diseases. Delay in seeking health care may worsen the disease, increase the risk of death and aggravate tuberculosis transmission in the community. Objective: This study was aimed at determining delay in seeking health care and analyzes factors influencing the delay from onset of symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis until the presentation of modern health facilities. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional studies were conducted in randomly selected TB clinics, which deliver both diagnosis and treatment for TB in North Wollo health departments. Delay has analyzed from a period between onset of TB symptoms to first visit of any health provider (health seeking period). Respondents have interviewed on the same date of diagnosis using a semi-structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis applied to analyze the factors of delays. Results: Five hundred and twenty eight pulmonary TB patients aged 18 years and above enrolled in the study. Among these, 56.6% were males, 58.7% were married and 64% residing in rural areas. The median age was 33.5 (IQR=21) years. The median patient delay was 36 days and 62.3% of patients seek their first consultations after 30 days cut-off point. Long distance, rural residence, seeking treatment from traditional healers and poor knowledge about TB were associated factors that predict patient delay. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of long patients delay observed in seeking health care after 30 days cut-off point. Local authorities should collaborate, intensified awareness raising efforts to reduce high prevalence of patient delay in seeking health care.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88735490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436.100070
Maritza Fd, R. Meneau, Fernández, Yaima Sánchez, G. García
Title: Effects of ozonated theobroma oil and ketoconazole ovules on rats infected with Candida albicans. Background: Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast shaped fungus which includes Candida gender. Candida albicans is an opportunistic microorganism, which causes more than 80% of vaginal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ozonized theobroma oil vaginal ovules in the treatment of induced vaginal candidiasis compared to Ketoconazole ovules in Sprague Dawley female rats. Methods and Findings: Animals were ovariectomized and injected with a hormonal treatment after 14 days in order to know the oestrus cycle. After 48 hours rats with keratinous cellules were vaginally infected with an inoculum of 106-107 Candida albicans in 0.1 mL of phosphate buffer solution. Five animals groups were studied: group I (without treatment), group II (treated with unozonized theobroma oil ovules), group III (treated with ketoconazole ovules), group IV (treated with 10% ozonized theobroma oil ovules), and group V (treated with 20% ozonized theobroma oil ovules). Exudates were made before beginning the treatment, 5 and 10 days during the treatment and 48 hours after the end of treatment. Results demonstrated a decrease of 0.7 log of the number of rats with infection after 5 days of treatment with 20% ozonized theobroma oil ovules; however, it was not observed infection in rats after 10 days. A similar result was obtained with ketoconazole ovules. Conclusions: Due to antimicrobial activity of 20% ozonized theobroma oil ovules, it can be recommended their use for treatment of Candidiasis
{"title":"In vivo Antimicrobial Activity ofOzonized Theobroma Oil Ovulesagainst Candida albicans","authors":"Maritza Fd, R. Meneau, Fernández, Yaima Sánchez, G. García","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100070","url":null,"abstract":"Title: Effects of ozonated theobroma oil and ketoconazole ovules on rats infected with Candida albicans. Background: Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast shaped fungus which includes Candida gender. Candida albicans is an opportunistic microorganism, which causes more than 80% of vaginal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ozonized theobroma oil vaginal ovules in the treatment of induced vaginal candidiasis compared to Ketoconazole ovules in Sprague Dawley female rats. Methods and Findings: Animals were ovariectomized and injected with a hormonal treatment after 14 days in order to know the oestrus cycle. After 48 hours rats with keratinous cellules were vaginally infected with an inoculum of 106-107 Candida albicans in 0.1 mL of phosphate buffer solution. Five animals groups were studied: group I (without treatment), group II (treated with unozonized theobroma oil ovules), group III (treated with ketoconazole ovules), group IV (treated with 10% ozonized theobroma oil ovules), and group V (treated with 20% ozonized theobroma oil ovules). Exudates were made before beginning the treatment, 5 and 10 days during the treatment and 48 hours after the end of treatment. Results demonstrated a decrease of 0.7 log of the number of rats with infection after 5 days of treatment with 20% ozonized theobroma oil ovules; however, it was not observed infection in rats after 10 days. A similar result was obtained with ketoconazole ovules. Conclusions: Due to antimicrobial activity of 20% ozonized theobroma oil ovules, it can be recommended their use for treatment of Candidiasis","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84994332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/1989-8436.100044
Y. DavidXiang, He Zhiyong, W. Wenyue, P. Colin, Xiao Zhicheng
Background: Necrotic Enteritis, caused by C. perfringens is a major bacterial disease in chickens that results in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Drug resistance and increased pressure to reduce the use of antimicrobial growth promoters has stimulated the need to search for alternatives. This two-part study investigated the use of the natural herbal compound Berberine in broiler chickens for the control of Necrotic Enteritis. Methods and findings: Phase 1 evaluated Berberine in-water at 0.1 g/L and 1.0 g/L in vivo against C. perfringens induced disease in broiler chickens. Results demonstrated efficacy towards the disease based on significantly decreased mortality and lesion scores at 1.0 ml/L Berberine treatment. Despite this, bodyweight, and feed and water consumption were greatly decreased in treated groups. Bursa of fabricus to bodyweight ratio results indicate there was no distinct damage to the immune system, suggesting palatability of Berberine in-water may have been the principal cause. The follow-up Phase 2 trial investigated the in vivo palatability of Berberine in-feed at 2.0 g/kg in non-challenged broiler chickens. Bodyweight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were found to not be affected compared to controls. However, water consumption was significantly increased in treated groups. Conclusions: Therefore from the present study, it can be concluded that Berberine has the potential to contribute to the control of Necrotic Enteritis, and that Berberine in-feed treatment alleviates the bird productivity concerns present when Berberine is administered via water.
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