Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341629
D. De Smet
The Kitāb al-Kašf and the Kitāb al-Šaǧara, two 4th/10th century Ismaili works, share a dualistic vision of the world, marked by a continuous struggle between good and evil, light and darkness. Evil is identified with the exoteric religion deprived of its esoteric dimension. It is caused by a satanic pair, typified by Abū Bakr and ʿUmar b. al-Ḫaṭṭāb, the archetypes of the antagonists (aḍdād) opposing the Prophets and their Imams, from Adam to the advent of the Resurrector (al-Qāʾim). Through a personalized reading of selected verses from the Qurʾān, the authors of both works interpret the rejection of ʿAlī’s legacy by the first two caliphs as the paradigm of all opposition against the Imām’s esoteric knowledge leading to salvation. When ʿUmar represents the principle of evil in se, Abū Bakr stands for the weakness of the largest part of mankind, eager to be induced into error. By introducing into this doctrine the Aristotelian distinction between potentiality and actuality, the Kitāb al-Šaǧara develops an encompassing theory about the dynamics of evil.
《Kitāb al-Kašf》和《Kitāb al-Šaǧara》，这两本4 /10世纪的伊斯玛仪作品，分享了对世界的二元论观点，以善与恶、光明与黑暗之间的持续斗争为标志。邪恶被认为是被剥夺了深奥维度的开放宗教。它是由一对撒旦引起的，以阿布·贝克尔和乌玛尔·b·al-Ḫaṭṭāb为代表，他们是反对先知和他们的伊玛目的对手(aḍdād)的原型，从亚当到复活者(al- qal - qal - nim)的到来。通过对《古兰经ān》中精选经文的个性化阅读，这两部作品的作者将前两位哈里发对《古兰经》遗产的拒绝解释为所有反对《古兰经Imām》中通向救赎的深奥知识的范例。当欧麦尔代表邪恶的原则时，阿布巴克尔代表了人类最大部分的弱点，渴望被诱导进入错误。通过将亚里士多德对潜能和现实性的区分引入这一学说，Kitāb al-Šaǧara发展了一个关于恶的动力的包涵性理论。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341652
Alice Croq
{"title":"Christian Monastic Life in Early Islam, written by Bradley Bowman","authors":"Alice Croq","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341652","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341662
{"title":"Livres reçus en 2021 et 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45823608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341654
Erik Anonby, S. Bettega, S. Procházka
This study introduces and analyzes proximal and distal singular demonstratives in fourteen varieties of Musandam Arabic, a little-documented dialect group located on Musandam Peninsula in northern Oman and neighbouring areas of the United Arab Emirates. Following an overview of the dialect group in its regional context, the study provides a description of singular demonstratives from the point of view of phono-logy, morphology, and geographical distribution. The study then focuses on two salient features found in several of the varieties under investigation: gender distinction based on consonantal alternation (d-based masculine forms vs t-based feminine forms); and gemination of the feminine t-element. While the former is attested, albeit rarely, in other Arabic dialects, the latter is unheard of. In the last section of the article, some hypotheses are put forward as to how these forms could have developed from a historical point of view, in light of data from different Arabic and Semitic varieties. While the gemination of the t-element is best regarded as a Musandam-internal innovation, the d : t consonantal alternation reinforces the putative historical link between south-western Arabia and Oman.
{"title":"Demonstratives in Musandam Arabic: Distinctive Archaisms and Innovations","authors":"Erik Anonby, S. Bettega, S. Procházka","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341654","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study introduces and analyzes proximal and distal singular demonstratives in fourteen varieties of Musandam Arabic, a little-documented dialect group located on Musandam Peninsula in northern Oman and neighbouring areas of the United Arab Emirates. Following an overview of the dialect group in its regional context, the study provides a description of singular demonstratives from the point of view of phono-logy, morphology, and geographical distribution. The study then focuses on two salient features found in several of the varieties under investigation: gender distinction based on consonantal alternation (d-based masculine forms vs t-based feminine forms); and gemination of the feminine t-element. While the former is attested, albeit rarely, in other Arabic dialects, the latter is unheard of. In the last section of the article, some hypotheses are put forward as to how these forms could have developed from a historical point of view, in light of data from different Arabic and Semitic varieties. While the gemination of the t-element is best regarded as a Musandam-internal innovation, the d : t consonantal alternation reinforces the putative historical link between south-western Arabia and Oman.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42060787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341641
J. Hoover
Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) wrote his tome Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya to refute Ašʿarī kalām theologian Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s (d. 606/1210) argument in Taʾsīs al-taqdīs that God is not corporeal, located, or spatially extended. Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya is the largest known refutation of kalām incorporealism in the Islamic tradition, and al-Rāzī’s Taʾsīs al-taqdīs was apparently the most sophisticated work of its kind circulating in Ibn Taymiyya’s Mamlūk scholarly milieu. Ibn Taymiyya in Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya deconstructs al-Rāzī’s rational arguments and explicates an alternative theology of God’s relation to space. Translating his understanding of the meaning of the Qurʾān and the Sunna into kalām terminology and drawing on Ibn Rušd’s (d. 595/1198) Aristotelian notion of place as the inner surface of the containing body, Ibn Taymiyya envisions God in Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya as a very large indivisible and spatially extended existent that is above and surrounds the created world in a spatial sense.
Ibn Taymiyya(公元728/1328年)写了他的著作Bayān talb s al-ǧahmiyya来反驳阿斯基·阿尔·kalām神学家Faḫr al- d·n al-Rāzī(公元606/1210年)在《Ta - n·s·al-taqd·s》中关于上帝不是有形的、定位的或空间延伸的论点。Bayān talb al-ǧahmiyya是伊斯兰传统中最大的对kalām无形主义的反驳，al-Rāzī的《Ta - al- taqd s》显然是伊本·泰米亚Mamlūk学术环境中流传的同类作品中最复杂的。伊本·泰米亚在Bayān talb . s . al . -ǧahmiyya中解构了al-Rāzī的理性论证，并阐述了上帝与空间关系的另一种神学。伊本·泰米亚将他对《古兰经》ān和《圣训》的理解翻译成kalām术语，并借鉴伊本Rušd(公元595/1198年)亚里士多德关于地方是包含物体的内表面的概念，在Bayān talb ā s alā -ǧahmiyya中，伊本·泰米亚把上帝想象成一个非常大的、不可分割的、在空间上延伸的存在，在空间意义上凌驾于被创造的世界之上并围绕着它。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341659
P. Larcher
{"title":"The Foundations of Arab Linguistics V: Kitāb Sībawayhi, The Critical Theory, edited by Manuel Sartori and Francesco Binaghi","authors":"P. Larcher","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341622
Hachem Foda
Résumé Cet article s’intéresse au phénomène linguistico-rhétorique massivement présent dans la poésie arabe médiévale, qui consiste à oblitérer un substantif pour le remplacer par une épithète. Après avoir analysé tel discours théorique de la tradition médiévale, portant sur ce procédé appelé ṣifa li-mawṣūf maḥḏūf, l’article examine les liens que celui-ci entretient avec ce que cette même tradition nomme abyāt al-maʿānī, ces vers abscons qui ne se laissent pas comprendre immédiatement et exigent d’être interprétés. Puis, en vue d’appréhender la spécificité de ce phénomène de l’oblitération du substantif et de rendre compte du privilège que lui confère sa remarquable récurrence dans le discours poétique, l’article tente de le situer dans le cadre plus général de l’ilġāz. À cette fin, il interroge quelques ḫabars que rapporte Abū l-Faraǧ al-Iṣfahānī dans le Kitāb al-Aġānī (Le livre des chansons), qui témoignent du fait que l’oblitération du substantif constitue un facteur décisif parmi ceux qui permettent de se servir d’un vers de poésie en guise d’énigme ou de devinette, lors d’une sorte de jeu ou d’épreuve consistant à le soumettre au savoir et à la sagacité d’une ou plusieurs personnes, dans le but d’éprouver leur compétence en poésie. L’hypothèse qui guide ce travail est la suivante : la remarquable fréquence de l’oblitération du mawṣūf témoignerait de ceci au moins que dans la tradition arabe médiévale la poésie est conçue comme un discours où le locuteur évite de nommer, évite de mentionner le nom de ce dont il parle, pour en confier la mention à son destinataire (auditeur ou lecteur). Telle est la dimension essentiellement sibylline de la parole poétique. Sans se présenter toujours ni même souvent comme une énigme, cette parole est néanmoins structurée comme une énigme.
{"title":"La langue spéciale des poètes : l’oblitération du nom dans la poésie arabe médiévale","authors":"Hachem Foda","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341622","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Cet article s’intéresse au phénomène linguistico-rhétorique massivement présent dans la poésie arabe médiévale, qui consiste à oblitérer un substantif pour le remplacer par une épithète. Après avoir analysé tel discours théorique de la tradition médiévale, portant sur ce procédé appelé <jats:italic>ṣifa li-mawṣūf maḥḏūf</jats:italic>, l’article examine les liens que celui-ci entretient avec ce que cette même tradition nomme <jats:italic>abyāt al-maʿānī</jats:italic>, ces vers abscons qui ne se laissent pas comprendre immédiatement et exigent d’être interprétés. Puis, en vue d’appréhender la spécificité de ce phénomène de l’oblitération du substantif et de rendre compte du privilège que lui confère sa remarquable récurrence dans le discours poétique, l’article tente de le situer dans le cadre plus général de l’<jats:italic>ilġāz</jats:italic>. À cette fin, il interroge quelques <jats:italic>ḫabar</jats:italic>s que rapporte Abū l-Faraǧ al-Iṣfahānī dans le <jats:italic>Kitāb al-Aġānī</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Le livre des chansons</jats:italic>), qui témoignent du fait que l’oblitération du substantif constitue un facteur décisif parmi ceux qui permettent de se servir d’un vers de poésie en guise d’énigme ou de devinette, lors d’une sorte de jeu ou d’épreuve consistant à le soumettre au savoir et à la sagacité d’une ou plusieurs personnes, dans le but d’éprouver leur compétence en poésie. L’hypothèse qui guide ce travail est la suivante : la remarquable fréquence de l’oblitération du <jats:italic>mawṣūf</jats:italic> témoignerait de ceci au moins que dans la tradition arabe médiévale la poésie est conçue comme un discours où le locuteur évite de nommer, évite de mentionner le nom de ce dont il parle, pour en confier la mention à son destinataire (auditeur ou lecteur). Telle est la dimension essentiellement sibylline de la parole poétique. Sans se présenter toujours ni même souvent comme une énigme, cette parole est néanmoins structurée comme une énigme.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341618
Loïc Bertrand
Résumé Si l’on en croit al-Iṣfahānī, c’est à la présence d’Abū Qaṭīfa parmi les auteurs des trois premières chansons choisies que le Kitāb al-Aġānī doit en partie sa structure si singulière : l’auteur des vers de la première chanson n’étant ni le plus grand ni le plus ancien des poètes, le livre ne pouvait adopter une progression thématique, ni chronologique, ni hiérarchique. Cet article fait l’hypothèse que le premier couple de notices biographiques (celles d’Abū Qaṭīfa et Maʿbad) du Kitāb al-Aġānī a valeur de pacte de lecture et porte un commentaire auctorial général sur l’ouvrage. Nous montrons l’importance de la réflexivité comme principe de composition et de lecture à partir de trois thèmes introduits par la première chanson : la nostalgie, le fait de se défendre soi-même de l’abaissement et du mépris, et la capacité à garder le secret. Ces thèmes reçoivent, dans les deux notices qui suivent, un écho tel qu’ils se laissent lire comme l’exergue de l’ouvrage.
{"title":"Les notices d’Abū Qaṭīfa et Maʿbad comme introduction au Kitāb al-Aġānī","authors":"Loïc Bertrand","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341618","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Si l’on en croit al-Iṣfahānī, c’est à la présence d’Abū Qaṭīfa parmi les auteurs des trois premières chansons choisies que le <jats:italic>Kitāb al-Aġānī</jats:italic> doit en partie sa structure si singulière : l’auteur des vers de la première chanson n’étant ni le plus grand ni le plus ancien des poètes, le livre ne pouvait adopter une progression thématique, ni chronologique, ni hiérarchique. Cet article fait l’hypothèse que le premier couple de notices biographiques (celles d’Abū Qaṭīfa et Maʿbad) du <jats:italic>Kitāb al-Aġānī</jats:italic> a valeur de pacte de lecture et porte un commentaire auctorial général sur l’ouvrage. Nous montrons l’importance de la réflexivité comme principe de composition et de lecture à partir de trois thèmes introduits par la première chanson : la nostalgie, le fait de se défendre soi-même de l’abaissement et du mépris, et la capacité à garder le secret. Ces thèmes reçoivent, dans les deux notices qui suivent, un écho tel qu’ils se laissent lire comme l’exergue de l’ouvrage.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341637
Ahmad Al-Jallad, Ali al-Manaser
This article publishes a selection of texts discovered during the 2019 Badia Survey that shed light on the complex interactions between the inhabitants of the desert and settled areas. The inscriptions studied here include two new Safaitic-Greek bilingual texts, two new Greek inscriptions, and a Safaitic text composed by an inhabitant of the city of Bosra in the Ḥawrān.
{"title":"Old Arabic Minutiae II: Greek-Safaitic Bilinguals and Language Contact in the Syro-Arabian Ḥarrah","authors":"Ahmad Al-Jallad, Ali al-Manaser","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341637","url":null,"abstract":"This article publishes a selection of texts discovered during the 2019 Badia Survey that shed light on the complex interactions between the inhabitants of the desert and settled areas. The inscriptions studied here include two new Safaitic-Greek bilingual texts, two new Greek inscriptions, and a Safaitic text composed by an inhabitant of the city of Bosra in the Ḥawrān.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1163/15700585-12341627
Alice Croq, Simon Brelaud
Résumé L’étude vise à retracer le milieu de production des histoires de ʿAdī b. Zayd, poète « chrétien » d’al-Ḥīra, et de sa famille, en comparant la version fournie dans le Kitāb al-Aġānī aux autres traditions historiographiques tardo-antiques et médiévales, d’une part, et en soumettant cette version à la critique textuelle et littéraire, d’autre part. Les résultats permettent de défendre l’hypothèse que ces histoires auraient été élaborées à al-Ḥīra, entre 602 et 633 ap. J.-C., afin d’affirmer la légitimité de la famille des Banū Ayyūb à dominer la ville. L’enquête montre aussi que le Kitāb al-Aġānī est un témoin précieux de la circulation de l’information entre milieux chrétiens et musulmans en Mésopotamie durant les premiers siècles de l’islam.
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