SEARCHING FOR LIFE: The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and the Disappeared Children of Argentina Rita Arditti Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999; 235 pp. The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo drew international attention to the disappearance of thousands of Argentines during the country's Dirty War (1976-1983). Scholars argued that their gender and motherhood were key reasons for the Mothers' success. However, since the return of electoral democracy in Argentina it appears that grandmotherhood may be playing an equally significant role in current struggles for human rights. Rita Arditti's Searching for Life is an important contribution to our understanding of the work of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo. The empirical contribution is complemented by a methodology that allows for the Grandmothers to speak about their experiences in their own words. Searching for Life introduces the reader to the atrocities of the Argentine Dirty War. Notably, during this period of dictatorship an estimated 30,000 people disappeared, a minimum of 136 were pregnant women and at least 80 (but possibly as many as 500) were children (p.50). Equating the "family" with the "nation," the military regime "understood the importance of families, particularly mothers, in transmitting values and identity from generation to generation, and it punished the women for raising those who would challenge the regime" (p. 51). To protect the Argentine "family," the military took children from subversive parents and had them illegally adopted into "acceptable" homes. Arditti explains how, like the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (in fact some Grandmothers were originally Mothers), the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo began to organize in the hope of finding their missing loved ones and uniting their families. However, unlike the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the Grandmothers were searching not only for their missing children but also for their missing grandchildren. The perceived innocence of the missing grandchildren, many of whom were infants when they disappeared, was an important distinction of the work of the Grandmothers. Arditti quotes one of the Grandmothers as saying: "I realized when I mentioned the [disappeared] adults even priests were hostile. When I mentioned the child people paid attention" (p. 112). The emphasis on the locating of grandchildren also facilitated the struggle of the Grandmothers after the return of electoral democracy in 1983. While very few of the disappeared adults ever returned, many of their children are still being found. That said, Arditti reveals the tremendous efforts and innovation the Grandmothers have used to find the children they have located. The Grandmothers have drawn on scientists, psychologists, lawyers, forensic anthropologists and the international community for support (see chapter three). The story Arditti tells of the Grandmothers' struggle is enhanced by a methodology that lets the women use their own words to articulat
{"title":"SEARCHING FOR LIFE: The Grandmothers of the Plaza De Mayo and the Disappeared Children of Argentina","authors":"R. Arditti, M. Bonner","doi":"10.5860/choice.37-0496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-0496","url":null,"abstract":"SEARCHING FOR LIFE: The Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and the Disappeared Children of Argentina Rita Arditti Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999; 235 pp. The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo drew international attention to the disappearance of thousands of Argentines during the country's Dirty War (1976-1983). Scholars argued that their gender and motherhood were key reasons for the Mothers' success. However, since the return of electoral democracy in Argentina it appears that grandmotherhood may be playing an equally significant role in current struggles for human rights. Rita Arditti's Searching for Life is an important contribution to our understanding of the work of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo. The empirical contribution is complemented by a methodology that allows for the Grandmothers to speak about their experiences in their own words. Searching for Life introduces the reader to the atrocities of the Argentine Dirty War. Notably, during this period of dictatorship an estimated 30,000 people disappeared, a minimum of 136 were pregnant women and at least 80 (but possibly as many as 500) were children (p.50). Equating the \"family\" with the \"nation,\" the military regime \"understood the importance of families, particularly mothers, in transmitting values and identity from generation to generation, and it punished the women for raising those who would challenge the regime\" (p. 51). To protect the Argentine \"family,\" the military took children from subversive parents and had them illegally adopted into \"acceptable\" homes. Arditti explains how, like the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (in fact some Grandmothers were originally Mothers), the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo began to organize in the hope of finding their missing loved ones and uniting their families. However, unlike the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, the Grandmothers were searching not only for their missing children but also for their missing grandchildren. The perceived innocence of the missing grandchildren, many of whom were infants when they disappeared, was an important distinction of the work of the Grandmothers. Arditti quotes one of the Grandmothers as saying: \"I realized when I mentioned the [disappeared] adults even priests were hostile. When I mentioned the child people paid attention\" (p. 112). The emphasis on the locating of grandchildren also facilitated the struggle of the Grandmothers after the return of electoral democracy in 1983. While very few of the disappeared adults ever returned, many of their children are still being found. That said, Arditti reveals the tremendous efforts and innovation the Grandmothers have used to find the children they have located. The Grandmothers have drawn on scientists, psychologists, lawyers, forensic anthropologists and the international community for support (see chapter three). The story Arditti tells of the Grandmothers' struggle is enhanced by a methodology that lets the women use their own words to articulat","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"31 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71078707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contents: Dawn Chatty, Preface -- Dawn Chatty & Annika Rabo, Formal and Informal Women's Groups in the Middle East: Introduction and Overview -- Valentine Moghadam, Women's NGOs in the Middle East and North Africa: Constraints, Opportunities, and Priorities -- Suad Joseph, Shopkeepers and Feminists: The Reproduction of Political Process (Lebanon) -- Seteney Shami, Domesticity Reconfigured: Women in Squatter Areas of Amman (Jordan) -- Eva Evers Rosander, Women in Groups in Africa: Female Associational Patterns in Senegal and Morocco (Morocco and Senegal) -- May Seikaly, Bahraini Women in Formal and Informal Groups and the Politics of Identification -- Shahida El-Baz, The Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Women's Group Formation in Egypt -- Nadje Al-Ali, Feminism and Contemporary Debates in Egypt -- Haya al-Mughni, From Gender Equality to Female Subjugation: The Changing Agendas of Women's Groups in Kuwait -- Nancy Lindisfarne, Women Organized in Groups: Expanding the Terms of the Debate
{"title":"Organizing Women: Formal and Informal Women's Groups in the Middle East","authors":"Dawn Catty, A. Rabo","doi":"10.2307/3034872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3034872","url":null,"abstract":"Contents: Dawn Chatty, Preface -- Dawn Chatty & Annika Rabo, Formal and Informal Women's Groups in the Middle East: Introduction and Overview -- Valentine Moghadam, Women's NGOs in the Middle East and North Africa: Constraints, Opportunities, and Priorities -- Suad Joseph, Shopkeepers and Feminists: The Reproduction of Political Process (Lebanon) -- Seteney Shami, Domesticity Reconfigured: Women in Squatter Areas of Amman (Jordan) -- Eva Evers Rosander, Women in Groups in Africa: Female Associational Patterns in Senegal and Morocco (Morocco and Senegal) -- May Seikaly, Bahraini Women in Formal and Informal Groups and the Politics of Identification -- Shahida El-Baz, The Impact of Social and Economic Factors on Women's Group Formation in Egypt -- Nadje Al-Ali, Feminism and Contemporary Debates in Egypt -- Haya al-Mughni, From Gender Equality to Female Subjugation: The Changing Agendas of Women's Groups in Kuwait -- Nancy Lindisfarne, Women Organized in Groups: Expanding the Terms of the Debate","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"56 1","pages":"832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3034872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68578220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dangerous Territories: Struggles for Difference and Equality in Education, edited by Leslie Roman and Linda Eyre, is a provocative collection of essays on the construction and regulation of boundaries within and outside of education, and their implications for the interrelated processes of pedagogy and self-making. The territories under interrogation are multiply conceived, ranging in breadth from the classroom to the nation state, all of which are understood as intimately interconnected. The problematic structuring the work as a whole concerns the struggle to create radical democratic spaces in which diversity may be sustained without either reifying or annihilating differences (p. 4).Dangerous Territories is a timely work. Higher education is currently marked by tensions between conservative agendas resulting in rampant cutbacks, and increasing pressure from marginalized groups to reshape and expand our educational institutions to include historically subjugated knowledges and bodies. The contributors to this collection bring with them a deep appreciation of the challenges of critical pedagogies which they draw upon to address this dilemma. In doing so, they offer candid accounts of the difficulties of teaching oppositionally, and they begin to unpack some of the investments they maintain in continuing to regulate, often unintentionally, "critical" spaces.All of the contributors here could be referred to as practitioners of some off-shoot of critical pedagogy (e.g., feminist, anti-racist, anti-oppression), the school of educational theory credited to Paulo Freire and later associated with Henri Giroux and Michael Apple, among others. While a comprehensive history of critical pedagogy cannot be covered here, I would like to point to some of the moments in its development that help us to situate Dangerous Territories. Freire's critical pedagogy grew in part from the critical sociology of education of the Frankfurt School which was founded in Germany and eventually migrated to the United States just prior to World War Two (see Tierney and Rhoads, 1993; McLaren and Giroux, 1995). Central to this school of thought is an examination of the various systems of power and domination which sustain the relations of margin and centre. The school is situated within this broader historical and socio-political context. This framework thus illuminates how education may function to reproduce the same inequities it purportedly works to subvert. Freire's central objective was for students to learn to view themselves as knowledgeable, integral actors within relations of power. In this way, they may become empowered to affect broad-based change to the systems which privilege some, while marginalizing others. In the discourses of critical pedagogy, this empowerment often is referred to as a transformation of consciousness whereby an individual may "claim" or "come to voice."As critiques of Freire's critical pedagogy have emerged, however, the notion of a pedagogy wit
由莱斯利·罗曼和琳达·艾尔编辑的《危险的领土:为教育中的差异与平等而斗争》是一本具有挑衅性的论文集，讨论了教育内外边界的构建和规范，以及它们对教育和自我创造的相互关联过程的影响。被审问的领域是多种多样的，范围从课堂到民族国家，所有这些都被认为是密切相关的。整个作品的结构问题涉及创造激进民主空间的斗争，在这种空间中，多样性可以在不具体化或消灭差异的情况下得到维持(第4页)。《危险领土》是一部及时的作品。高等教育目前的特点是，保守派议程之间的紧张关系导致了猖獗的削减，而来自边缘群体的压力越来越大，要求重塑和扩大我们的教育机构，以包括历史上被征服的知识和身体。这个集合的贡献者带来了他们对批判性教学法的挑战的深刻理解，他们利用这些挑战来解决这一困境。在这样做的过程中，他们坦率地描述了对立教学的困难，他们开始揭示他们在继续监管(通常是无意的)“关键”空间方面所做的一些投资。这里的所有贡献者都可以被称为批判教育学分支的实践者(例如，女权主义，反种族主义，反压迫)，这一教育理论学派归功于保罗·弗莱雷，后来与亨利·吉鲁和迈克尔·苹果等人联系在一起。虽然这里不能涵盖批判教育学的全面历史，但我想指出它发展中的一些时刻，这些时刻有助于我们定位危险领土。弗莱雷的批判教育学在一定程度上源于法兰克福学派的批判教育社会学，该学派创立于德国，并在第二次世界大战之前最终迁移到美国(见Tierney and Rhoads, 1993;麦克拉伦和吉鲁，1995)。该学派的核心思想是对维持边缘和中心关系的各种权力和统治体系的研究。学校坐落在更广阔的历史和社会政治背景下。因此，这一框架阐明了教育如何发挥作用，再现其据称旨在颠覆的不平等现象。弗莱雷的中心目标是让学生学会将自己视为权力关系中知识渊博、不可或缺的角色。这样，它们就有能力影响基础广泛的制度变革，这些制度使一些人享有特权，而使另一些人边缘化。在批判教育学的话语中，这种赋权通常被称为意识的转变，个人可以借此“要求”或“发声”。然而，随着对弗莱雷批判教学法的批评的出现，具有“解放”或“解放”可能性的教学法的概念受到了质疑。许多批评认为，将教师视为“赋权者”再现了权威救世主的浪漫主义观念，并将学生视为教育学的客体，而不是主体(见Gore, 1993;Kenway and Modra, 1993)。另一方面，为了平衡学生和教授之间的权力关系，批评教育工作者应该放弃自己的权威，这一建议因其在实践中产生的明显矛盾而受到质疑。与此相关的是，许多有色人种教师指出，当他们在学院中已经处于从属地位，相对于他们的一些学生，他们不主张权威，这对他们来说是固有的风险(例如，见Bannerji, 1991;钩子,1989;Hoodfar, 1992;James and Farmer, 1993;Monture-Angus, 1995)。“声音”的概念也受到质疑，因为它似乎假设了一个基本的或真实的自我，以及它被解释的字面方式(见Rockhill, 1986;埃尔斯沃斯,1992;小说,1992;费,1993;蒂尔尼和罗兹，1993)。…
{"title":"[Dangerous Territories: Struggles for Difference & Equality in Education]","authors":"Amy Sullivan, L. Eyre, L. Roman","doi":"10.4324/9781315022246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315022246","url":null,"abstract":"Dangerous Territories: Struggles for Difference and Equality in Education, edited by Leslie Roman and Linda Eyre, is a provocative collection of essays on the construction and regulation of boundaries within and outside of education, and their implications for the interrelated processes of pedagogy and self-making. The territories under interrogation are multiply conceived, ranging in breadth from the classroom to the nation state, all of which are understood as intimately interconnected. The problematic structuring the work as a whole concerns the struggle to create radical democratic spaces in which diversity may be sustained without either reifying or annihilating differences (p. 4).Dangerous Territories is a timely work. Higher education is currently marked by tensions between conservative agendas resulting in rampant cutbacks, and increasing pressure from marginalized groups to reshape and expand our educational institutions to include historically subjugated knowledges and bodies. The contributors to this collection bring with them a deep appreciation of the challenges of critical pedagogies which they draw upon to address this dilemma. In doing so, they offer candid accounts of the difficulties of teaching oppositionally, and they begin to unpack some of the investments they maintain in continuing to regulate, often unintentionally, \"critical\" spaces.All of the contributors here could be referred to as practitioners of some off-shoot of critical pedagogy (e.g., feminist, anti-racist, anti-oppression), the school of educational theory credited to Paulo Freire and later associated with Henri Giroux and Michael Apple, among others. While a comprehensive history of critical pedagogy cannot be covered here, I would like to point to some of the moments in its development that help us to situate Dangerous Territories. Freire's critical pedagogy grew in part from the critical sociology of education of the Frankfurt School which was founded in Germany and eventually migrated to the United States just prior to World War Two (see Tierney and Rhoads, 1993; McLaren and Giroux, 1995). Central to this school of thought is an examination of the various systems of power and domination which sustain the relations of margin and centre. The school is situated within this broader historical and socio-political context. This framework thus illuminates how education may function to reproduce the same inequities it purportedly works to subvert. Freire's central objective was for students to learn to view themselves as knowledgeable, integral actors within relations of power. In this way, they may become empowered to affect broad-based change to the systems which privilege some, while marginalizing others. In the discourses of critical pedagogy, this empowerment often is referred to as a transformation of consciousness whereby an individual may \"claim\" or \"come to voice.\"As critiques of Freire's critical pedagogy have emerged, however, the notion of a pedagogy wit","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"30 1","pages":"233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70623069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japanese Women: New Feminist Perspectives on the Past, Present and FutureKumiko Fujimura - Fanselow and Atsuko Kameda, eds. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1995; 422 pp.Reviewed by Yoko Ueda Center for Japanese Studies Department of Sociology Spelman College Atlanta, GeorgiaContemporary issues concerning women in Japan undoubtedly command a broad interest among women in the West. Yet the English language literature, including translated works, about and by Japanese women is very thin. This book edited by Kumiko Fujimura - Fanselow and Atsuko Kameda is, therefore, a most welcome contribution.Western readers will be surprised by and fascinated with the wealth and abundance of Japanese feminist scholarship, which has never been introduced in the way which this book does. In 26 essays, women(f.1) from such a wide spectrum of discipline, interests and ages describe for a Western audience their firsthand experiences and challenges as Japanese women living, working and teaching in Japan. Except for one male author, contributors all grew up in Japan, and majority of them have spent part of their lives in the United States and other countries studying and working. Therefore, as the editors contend, the authors are able to bring a comparative perspective to this book.The book is divided into five parts, with an excellent introductory chapter by Fujimura - Fanselow, covering a wide range of contemporary issues concerning women in Japan. In her introduction, Fujimura - Fanselow challenges the western perceptions of Japanese women and claims that this volume demonstrates the recent changes and gains made by women in all spheres of their lives. The issues presented in the book are all familiar to and shared by women in the West. It deals with basic questions which have been generated by feminist debates.Part 1 focusses on the cultural and historical contexts in which Japanese women's lives are shaped and defined. Each essay deals with sexism and gender stereotyping existing in the family, religious institutions, language, arts and media. It offers an intriguing glimpse into the male cultural dominance of Japan through which images of women have been produced and by which women have been excluded from public spheres of cultural and artistic activities for centuries. Among the essays, Okano's description of the family structure of Buddhist temples is particularly interesting as religion has hardly been taken up as a subject of feminist debate in Japan. She argues that sexism is inherent in Japanese religion and it continues to prevail as long as a family structure based on gender division of roles is maintained.Part 2 deals with education in regard to the characteristics of Japanese schooling for girls and women. The authors demonstrate that schooling has been instrumental for defining women's roles and status in the society rather than a force to liberate women from various forms of oppression. This section provides an excellent
{"title":"Japanese women : new feminist perspectives on the past, present, and future","authors":"K. Fujimura-Fanselow, Atsuko Kameda","doi":"10.2307/369820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/369820","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese Women: New Feminist Perspectives on the Past, Present and FutureKumiko Fujimura - Fanselow and Atsuko Kameda, eds. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1995; 422 pp.Reviewed by Yoko Ueda Center for Japanese Studies Department of Sociology Spelman College Atlanta, GeorgiaContemporary issues concerning women in Japan undoubtedly command a broad interest among women in the West. Yet the English language literature, including translated works, about and by Japanese women is very thin. This book edited by Kumiko Fujimura - Fanselow and Atsuko Kameda is, therefore, a most welcome contribution.Western readers will be surprised by and fascinated with the wealth and abundance of Japanese feminist scholarship, which has never been introduced in the way which this book does. In 26 essays, women(f.1) from such a wide spectrum of discipline, interests and ages describe for a Western audience their firsthand experiences and challenges as Japanese women living, working and teaching in Japan. Except for one male author, contributors all grew up in Japan, and majority of them have spent part of their lives in the United States and other countries studying and working. Therefore, as the editors contend, the authors are able to bring a comparative perspective to this book.The book is divided into five parts, with an excellent introductory chapter by Fujimura - Fanselow, covering a wide range of contemporary issues concerning women in Japan. In her introduction, Fujimura - Fanselow challenges the western perceptions of Japanese women and claims that this volume demonstrates the recent changes and gains made by women in all spheres of their lives. The issues presented in the book are all familiar to and shared by women in the West. It deals with basic questions which have been generated by feminist debates.Part 1 focusses on the cultural and historical contexts in which Japanese women's lives are shaped and defined. Each essay deals with sexism and gender stereotyping existing in the family, religious institutions, language, arts and media. It offers an intriguing glimpse into the male cultural dominance of Japan through which images of women have been produced and by which women have been excluded from public spheres of cultural and artistic activities for centuries. Among the essays, Okano's description of the family structure of Buddhist temples is particularly interesting as religion has hardly been taken up as a subject of feminist debate in Japan. She argues that sexism is inherent in Japanese religion and it continues to prevail as long as a family structure based on gender division of roles is maintained.Part 2 deals with education in regard to the characteristics of Japanese schooling for girls and women. The authors demonstrate that schooling has been instrumental for defining women's roles and status in the society rather than a force to liberate women from various forms of oppression. This section provides an excellent","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"25 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/369820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69159594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and German unification less than a year later, East Germany entered a period of radical change. In this collection of interviews, eighteen East German women describe the excitement, chaos, and frustration of this transitional period. The interviewees discuss candidly the problems they have faced as women in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and in the new Germany. Although the East German government proclaimed equal rights for men and women and promoted women in the dual role of worker and mother, the interviewees often take issue with those policies. The perspectives contained here are as diverse as the women who voice them. Ranging in age from twenty to sixty-nine, the women work at a variety of occupations, including filmmaker, mental health therapist, water safety instructor, university professor, housekeeper, writer, and representative to Parliament. In telling their stories, they present a wide range of experience that offers the reader a multidimensional view of life in the former GDR. The interviews challenge conventional notions about what East German women gained under socialism as well as what they lost after unification. The book shows that many women are successfully negotiating the obstacles of the transition, taking responsibility for their lives in ways that were not possible in the GDR.
{"title":"[The Wall in My Backyard: East German Women in Transition]","authors":"Dinah Dodds, Pam Allen-Thompson","doi":"10.2307/1432583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1432583","url":null,"abstract":"With the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 and German unification less than a year later, East Germany entered a period of radical change. In this collection of interviews, eighteen East German women describe the excitement, chaos, and frustration of this transitional period. The interviewees discuss candidly the problems they have faced as women in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and in the new Germany. Although the East German government proclaimed equal rights for men and women and promoted women in the dual role of worker and mother, the interviewees often take issue with those policies. The perspectives contained here are as diverse as the women who voice them. Ranging in age from twenty to sixty-nine, the women work at a variety of occupations, including filmmaker, mental health therapist, water safety instructor, university professor, housekeeper, writer, and representative to Parliament. In telling their stories, they present a wide range of experience that offers the reader a multidimensional view of life in the former GDR. The interviews challenge conventional notions about what East German women gained under socialism as well as what they lost after unification. The book shows that many women are successfully negotiating the obstacles of the transition, taking responsibility for their lives in ways that were not possible in the GDR.","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"24 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/1432583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69080425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Makus (political studies, Brock U.) examines the work of three political thinkers of the Western Tradition Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill to show that feminist interpretation of their writing is flawed in the belief that women are presented as naturally inferior to men in their capa
{"title":"Women, politics, and reproduction : the liberal legacy","authors":"Ingrid Makus, Anne C. Minas","doi":"10.5860/choice.34-3806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.34-3806","url":null,"abstract":"Makus (political studies, Brock U.) examines the work of three political thinkers of the Western Tradition Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill to show that feminist interpretation of their writing is flawed in the belief that women are presented as naturally inferior to men in their capa","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"11 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71053347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Women in Trouble, Elizabeth Comack explores how abuse could be an important context for understanding the lives of women in prison. After finding that 78 percent of the 727 women admitted to a provincial jail in British Columbia between 1988 and 1993 reported that they had been abused sexually or physically, Comack interviewed 24 women over 10 days who were willing to speak of their experiences of abuse, law violations, and prison. Nineteen of the women were native, two of colour and one self-disclosed lesbian. In the thoughtful appendix on feminist methods -- an excellent reading for undergraduate classes on research methods -- Comack writes that this book is a culmination of the most significant and "difficult work she has even done save childbearing" (p. 163).Like other recent research on women in trouble,(f.1) this slim book brings us deep into the "life under the ground" (p. 116). But Comack goes beyond the horrors of stunning neglect and continuous abuse to probe some of the daily, difficult choices that the women use to get up in the morning and to make sense of their lives. Although often courageous and inventive, the women's choices are not glorified; Comack argues the choices are powerfully constrained by class, culture, gender, and the long-term effects of violence.Most compelling is Comack's elaboration of Liz Kelly's concepts of coping, resisting, and surviving as ways to understand the constricted choices that mostly poor women of colour with limited education who are abused can make. In coping, women take action "to avoid or control distress" (p. 41) by putting themselves somewhere else; withdrawing into their heads; getting money for the sex rather than having it taken by force; enduring the assaults to protect a sibling; or escaping into drugs. Occasionally the coping choices run afoul of the law. Sometimes resisting choices are also illegal, as women actively refuse to submit but fight back physically or symbolically, limiting the power of abusers over their lives (p. 42). Surviving is both a choice and an outcome, as women find ways to live and reconstruct their lives so the abuse doesn't take over. The 24 women interviewed have survived so far physically. But emotionally the decisions needed to survive are much more difficult and the process takes much longer. "For Brenda, turning things around means having to leave behind everyone she knows. For Jessica, it means trying to find a way to reclaim her soul" (p. 118).Comack uses standpoint analysis to take the reader very close to real, complex women. Presenting long sections of transcripts bring alive the vivid stories, words, silences and emotions of both the women and the author. For corrections readers, the morality of a standpoint analysis is most striking in the last chapter on prison experiences. Comack argues that neither rehabilitation or deterrence should be the benchmark for evaluating prisoning. Rather, does prisoning meet the needs identified by those imprisoned?
{"title":"Women in trouble : connecting women's law violations to their histories of abuse","authors":"Elizabeth Comack","doi":"10.2307/3341698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3341698","url":null,"abstract":"In Women in Trouble, Elizabeth Comack explores how abuse could be an important context for understanding the lives of women in prison. After finding that 78 percent of the 727 women admitted to a provincial jail in British Columbia between 1988 and 1993 reported that they had been abused sexually or physically, Comack interviewed 24 women over 10 days who were willing to speak of their experiences of abuse, law violations, and prison. Nineteen of the women were native, two of colour and one self-disclosed lesbian. In the thoughtful appendix on feminist methods -- an excellent reading for undergraduate classes on research methods -- Comack writes that this book is a culmination of the most significant and \"difficult work she has even done save childbearing\" (p. 163).Like other recent research on women in trouble,(f.1) this slim book brings us deep into the \"life under the ground\" (p. 116). But Comack goes beyond the horrors of stunning neglect and continuous abuse to probe some of the daily, difficult choices that the women use to get up in the morning and to make sense of their lives. Although often courageous and inventive, the women's choices are not glorified; Comack argues the choices are powerfully constrained by class, culture, gender, and the long-term effects of violence.Most compelling is Comack's elaboration of Liz Kelly's concepts of coping, resisting, and surviving as ways to understand the constricted choices that mostly poor women of colour with limited education who are abused can make. In coping, women take action \"to avoid or control distress\" (p. 41) by putting themselves somewhere else; withdrawing into their heads; getting money for the sex rather than having it taken by force; enduring the assaults to protect a sibling; or escaping into drugs. Occasionally the coping choices run afoul of the law. Sometimes resisting choices are also illegal, as women actively refuse to submit but fight back physically or symbolically, limiting the power of abusers over their lives (p. 42). Surviving is both a choice and an outcome, as women find ways to live and reconstruct their lives so the abuse doesn't take over. The 24 women interviewed have survived so far physically. But emotionally the decisions needed to survive are much more difficult and the process takes much longer. \"For Brenda, turning things around means having to leave behind everyone she knows. For Jessica, it means trying to find a way to reclaim her soul\" (p. 118).Comack uses standpoint analysis to take the reader very close to real, complex women. Presenting long sections of transcripts bring alive the vivid stories, words, silences and emotions of both the women and the author. For corrections readers, the morality of a standpoint analysis is most striking in the last chapter on prison experiences. Comack argues that neither rehabilitation or deterrence should be the benchmark for evaluating prisoning. Rather, does prisoning meet the needs identified by those imprisoned? ","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"25 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3341698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69366181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This bibliography, an expanded second edition of Diana Pedersen's indispensable reference tool, is a reflection of the continued development of women's history in Canada. With almost 5,000 references, the new edition is not just bigger, but better. The improved indexing system (by author and by subject) makes it easier to find specific sources or particular writers and also to explore general themes. Since the first edition appeared in 1992, most teachers of Canadian women's history would testify that this has become their most consulted guide. For anyone preparing new courses in women's history or gender history, this is the place to start. Possibilities for reading lists and essay topics abound, and happily, with so much being published, the problem becomes one of trying to keep up with all of it. But Pedersen's new bibliography reflects more than just numeric growth.Researchers and students of history will find the new mini-essays that introduce each section very helpful. In these pithy little pieces (usually four or five paragraphs in length), readers will get a sense of how the subject area has developed and the current debates that capture writers' attention. With reference to feminism, for example, Pedersen notes that "historians are moving beyond the problematic 'first-wave' and 'second-wave' model" because its implicit emphasis on discontinuity is at variance with research findings about the organizational activity that characterized the 1920s to the 1960s (p. 64). In addition, Pedersen pinpoints areas where few publications exist (World War One is much less studied than World War Two, for example). She even predicts some trends, noting for example that heightened interest among graduate students and recent organizational developments suggest that "the history of sexuality will emerge as one of the major growth areas in Canadian history over the next decade" (p. 187). Graduate students will find the bibliography useful, not just to prepare fields and papers, but to help them deduce which areas remain unexplored, underdeveloped, or in need of revisionist attention. Pedersen suggests, for example, that "recent interest in post-structuralist approaches and discourse analysis suggests the potential for future work" in the area of sport and physical education (p. 191).The book is divided alphabetically into 19 theme sections, so that beginning with the table of contents, users can search out sources from arts, education, or ethnicity to sport, unions, or work. In most of these sections, there are further subdivisions -- evidence of more developed areas of women's history. For example, the section on "Families/Life Stages" contains entries of a general nature and demographic studies, but also girlhood, marriage, courtship, couples, motherhood, illegitimacy, aging, widowhood, etc. The section on "Work/Economy" is another example where publications abound, and eight different sectors of work are considered in addition to general literature on th
{"title":"Changing women, changing history : a bibliography of the history of women in Canada","authors":"Diana Pedersen","doi":"10.5860/choice.34-5449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.34-5449","url":null,"abstract":"This bibliography, an expanded second edition of Diana Pedersen's indispensable reference tool, is a reflection of the continued development of women's history in Canada. With almost 5,000 references, the new edition is not just bigger, but better. The improved indexing system (by author and by subject) makes it easier to find specific sources or particular writers and also to explore general themes. Since the first edition appeared in 1992, most teachers of Canadian women's history would testify that this has become their most consulted guide. For anyone preparing new courses in women's history or gender history, this is the place to start. Possibilities for reading lists and essay topics abound, and happily, with so much being published, the problem becomes one of trying to keep up with all of it. But Pedersen's new bibliography reflects more than just numeric growth.Researchers and students of history will find the new mini-essays that introduce each section very helpful. In these pithy little pieces (usually four or five paragraphs in length), readers will get a sense of how the subject area has developed and the current debates that capture writers' attention. With reference to feminism, for example, Pedersen notes that \"historians are moving beyond the problematic 'first-wave' and 'second-wave' model\" because its implicit emphasis on discontinuity is at variance with research findings about the organizational activity that characterized the 1920s to the 1960s (p. 64). In addition, Pedersen pinpoints areas where few publications exist (World War One is much less studied than World War Two, for example). She even predicts some trends, noting for example that heightened interest among graduate students and recent organizational developments suggest that \"the history of sexuality will emerge as one of the major growth areas in Canadian history over the next decade\" (p. 187). Graduate students will find the bibliography useful, not just to prepare fields and papers, but to help them deduce which areas remain unexplored, underdeveloped, or in need of revisionist attention. Pedersen suggests, for example, that \"recent interest in post-structuralist approaches and discourse analysis suggests the potential for future work\" in the area of sport and physical education (p. 191).The book is divided alphabetically into 19 theme sections, so that beginning with the table of contents, users can search out sources from arts, education, or ethnicity to sport, unions, or work. In most of these sections, there are further subdivisions -- evidence of more developed areas of women's history. For example, the section on \"Families/Life Stages\" contains entries of a general nature and demographic studies, but also girlhood, marriage, courtship, couples, motherhood, illegitimacy, aging, widowhood, etc. The section on \"Work/Economy\" is another example where publications abound, and eight different sectors of work are considered in addition to general literature on th","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"26 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71053838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1989, J.P. Rushton presented a paper at the American Academy for the Advancement of Science outlining his now notorious genetics-based theory of brain sizes and alleged racial differences in intelligence. While defenders of Rushton's work have focussed on his right to express any ideas rather than on the content of the work itself, critics have focussed on the scientific flaws in Rushton's work as well as its racist implications. Critical responses to Rushton's ideas have been varied, from condemnation within the academy to student protesters sporting measuring-tape headbands. The Genes and Gender Collective responded to Rushton's work by organizing a symposium at the following AAAS annual meeting, presenting analyses of human behaviour which do not revert to genetic determinism. Challenging Racism and Sexism: Alternatives to Genetic Explanations is a collection of papers that challenge genetic determinist thinking and expose the racism and sexism that often underlie genetic determinism as a theory of human behaviour. Essays in this volume reveal the flawed methodologies and racist and sexist assumptions of genetic determinist theories in various disciplines. Some of the essays analyze the historical events which accompany the resurgence of biological and genetic determinism; others describe the practical impact genetic determinist theories have on women and men in various ethnic communities. The book is divided into three parts. In the first part, assumptions underlying scientific research in biological, physiological and psychological research and clinical psychology practice are discussed. The result is a rich multidisciplinary critique of racist and sexist ideologies as they are expressed in research methodologies and in the interpretation of results. In the first chapter, biologist Ruth Hubbard shows the artificial categories evoked in the genetic discussions of "racial" differences. She points out that both the emphasis on genetic differences and the categories for differentiation are suspect. Human genes are relatively homogeneous, and most genes can be found among all ethnic groups and geographical locations. No universally agreed upon definitions exist for racial categories; racial definitions require the singling out of specific bodily characteristics (e.g., skin colour, hair texture) as having explanatory significance even though there is no reason to think that they are relevant to other characteristics like intelligence or behaviour. Likewise, although the numbers of X and Y chromosomes distinguish females and males, these biological differences are often given explanatory power despite the lack of evidence linking these chromosomes to the behavioural differences in question. The arbitrary nature of the body characteristics used to claim racial and sexual superiority of white males is highlighted in the chapter by Kaplan and Rogers which details the history of theory and research on racial differences, from Gobineau's theories of
{"title":"Challenging racism and sexism : alternatives to genetic explanations","authors":"E. Tobach, B. Rosoff","doi":"10.2307/2077354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2077354","url":null,"abstract":"In 1989, J.P. Rushton presented a paper at the American Academy for the Advancement of Science outlining his now notorious genetics-based theory of brain sizes and alleged racial differences in intelligence. While defenders of Rushton's work have focussed on his right to express any ideas rather than on the content of the work itself, critics have focussed on the scientific flaws in Rushton's work as well as its racist implications. Critical responses to Rushton's ideas have been varied, from condemnation within the academy to student protesters sporting measuring-tape headbands. The Genes and Gender Collective responded to Rushton's work by organizing a symposium at the following AAAS annual meeting, presenting analyses of human behaviour which do not revert to genetic determinism. Challenging Racism and Sexism: Alternatives to Genetic Explanations is a collection of papers that challenge genetic determinist thinking and expose the racism and sexism that often underlie genetic determinism as a theory of human behaviour. Essays in this volume reveal the flawed methodologies and racist and sexist assumptions of genetic determinist theories in various disciplines. Some of the essays analyze the historical events which accompany the resurgence of biological and genetic determinism; others describe the practical impact genetic determinist theories have on women and men in various ethnic communities. The book is divided into three parts. In the first part, assumptions underlying scientific research in biological, physiological and psychological research and clinical psychology practice are discussed. The result is a rich multidisciplinary critique of racist and sexist ideologies as they are expressed in research methodologies and in the interpretation of results. In the first chapter, biologist Ruth Hubbard shows the artificial categories evoked in the genetic discussions of \"racial\" differences. She points out that both the emphasis on genetic differences and the categories for differentiation are suspect. Human genes are relatively homogeneous, and most genes can be found among all ethnic groups and geographical locations. No universally agreed upon definitions exist for racial categories; racial definitions require the singling out of specific bodily characteristics (e.g., skin colour, hair texture) as having explanatory significance even though there is no reason to think that they are relevant to other characteristics like intelligence or behaviour. Likewise, although the numbers of X and Y chromosomes distinguish females and males, these biological differences are often given explanatory power despite the lack of evidence linking these chromosomes to the behavioural differences in question. The arbitrary nature of the body characteristics used to claim racial and sexual superiority of white males is highlighted in the chapter by Kaplan and Rogers which details the history of theory and research on racial differences, from Gobineau's theories of ","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"24 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2077354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Faraway Hills Are Green: Voices of Irish Women in Canada // Review","authors":"Sheelagh Conway","doi":"10.2307/25512975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25512975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82477,"journal":{"name":"Resources for feminist research : RFR = Documentation sur la recherche feministe : DRF","volume":"24 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/25512975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69206904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：