Annals of Physics最新文献

The Stokes–Mueller method is used to analyze the scattering of entangled photon pairs in a two-photon system. This study examines the scenario where one of the photons, part of a pair of maximally entangled annihilation photons, undergoes intermediate Compton scattering before both photons are detected using Compton polarimeters. The method also accounts for potential quantum-decoherence effects resulting from Compton scattering. The analysis investigates the scattering behavior in both parallel and perpendicular planes, identifying variations in the modulation factor that affect azimuthal correlations. These variations include increases, decreases, sign changes, or disappearances at certain intermediate scattering angles. This work aims to provide theoretical results that support the testing and verification of predictions made by quantum field theory.

A reciprocality between the statistical variance of observables of a thermodynamic state and that of their conjugate variables, as entropic forces, originates from the thermodynamic conjugacy with respect to an entropy function. This thermodynamic uncertainty principle in equilibrium can be derived from the Maximum Entropy principle and is independent upon underlying mechanistic details. We present, based on the Maximum Caliber principle as the dynamic generalization of Maximum Entropy, the formalism of the uncertainty principle in kinetics in time homogeneous Markov processes between transitional observables and their conjugate path entropic forces. A stochastic biophysical model for molecular motors is used as an illustrating example. The present work generalizes the phenomenological thermodynamics of uncertainties/fluctuations and is applicable to data ad infinitum.

This work presents a new static and spherically symmetric traversable wormhole solution in General Relativity, which is supported by the quantum vacuum fluctuations associated with the Casimir effect of the Yang–Mills field confined between perfect chromometallic mirrors in $(3+1)$ dimensions, recently fitted using first-principle numerical simulations. Initially, we employ a perturbative approach for $x=mr\ll 1$, where $m$ represents the Casimir mass and $r$ is the radial coordinate. This approach has proven to be a reasonable approximation when compared with the exact case in this regime. To find well-behaved redshift functions, we impose constraints on the free parameters. As expected, this solution recovers the electromagnetic-like Casimir solution for $m=0$. Analyzing the traversability conditions, we graphically find that all are satisfied for $0\le m\le 0.17$. On the other hand, all the energy conditions are violated, as usual in this context due to the quantum origin of the source. Stability from Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation is guaranteed for all $r$ and from the speed of sound for $0.16\le m\le 0.18$. Therefore, for $0.16\le m\le 0.17$, we will have a stable solution that satisfies all traversability conditions.

Our study employs the nuclear shell model to systematically compute the half-lives of $\beta$-decay for nuclei in the mass range of $A=18-39$, encompassing the majority of $sd$ shell nuclei. This analysis utilizes the USDB and SDNN Hamiltonians. The theoretical outcomes contain calculations of various parameters such as $Q$-values, half-lives, excitation energy, log$ft$ values, and branching ratios. We explore these results with axial–vector coupling constant for weak interactions, denoted as $g_A$ $(=1.27)$, and $\kappa$ value $(=6289)$. We perform calculations of Gamow Teller matrix elements for 116 decay processes to calculate the quenching factor; we found a quenching factor of $q=0.794\pm 0.05$ for the USDB interaction and $q=0.815\pm 0.04$ for the SDNN interaction. We have also calculated superallowed transitions $0^{+}\to 0^{+}$ for seven nuclei. Further, we have also included the electron capture phase space factor for the required nuclei to calculate the half-lives. This inclusion leads to small contribution in results, particularly for nuclei where electron capture (EC) plays a significant role. The overall results are in agreement with the experimental data.

In a recent study (Sadeghi and Noori Gashti, 2024) the so-called Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) has been investigated. Here in this Letter, we prove that technically such a black hole does not exist in the context of Maxwell’s linear theory coupled minimally to a PFDM. Furthermore, it is shown that this black hole is the result of nonlinear corrections to the linear Maxwell’s Lagrangian in the Einstein–Maxwell theory. The energy–momentum tensor is split into Maxwell’s linear theory and a correction term. The latter i.e., the correction part of the energy–momentum tensor represents an anisotropic dark energy. This result brings the question if nonlinear electrodynamics can be the source of dark matter/energy.

After many years of efforts, the first nonlinearly charged rotating black hole has been finally reported by García-Diaz in two recent works. This is an important result that was pending in General Relativity since nonlinear generalizations of the Kerr–Newman solution were not yet known. Unfortunately, the Lagrangian supporting this configuration cannot be expressible in terms of the standard invariants using elementary functions. In the present work we circumvent this problem by using the formulations of nonlinear electrodynamics in terms of mixed electromagnetic eigenvalues, introduced by Salazar, García-Diaz, and Plebański almost four decades ago. In doing so, we prove that the underlying theory becomes fully determined, and hence the new nonlinearly charged stationary axisymmetric spacetimes found correspond to exact solutions of a well-defined self-gravitating nonlinear electrodynamics whose fundamental structural functions are provided here.

We have investigated the decoherence induced by the primordial graviton, using the influence functional method, to show whether this method is still effective in detecting graviton if the initial state is not a Bunch–Davies vacuum but rather a minimum uncertainty state. This minimum uncertainty condition allows the initial state of the primordial graviton to be an entanglement state between the polarization or, more generally, a superposition state between a vacuum and that entanglement. Both of those states have a non-classical correlation between the two polarization modes. We found that this method is still effective for detecting gravitons if the density matrix of the initial state does not have non-diagonal elements, where the maximum decoherence time is about 20 s, and the dimensions of the interferometer could be reduced if the total graviton increases.

We explore how the electric conductivity and associated relaxation time are modified near the QCD critical point and the phase transition to a color superconducting phase using the two-flavor Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model with finite current quark masses. We give a comprehensive account of the nature of the soft modes associated with these phase transitions and how they affect the photon self-energy when the system approaches these phase transitions in a combined way with an emphasis on the common and different aspects in the two transitions. The formalism developed for describing the paraconductivity in metallic superconductors is used for the analysis of the photon self-energy. We show that the transport coefficients calculated from the self-energy show anomalous enhancements in both cases with different critical exponents for the individual transitions. We briefly discuss the possibility of detecting the enhancements in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the present and future facilities.

In this paper we present a new identity to associate the conservation laws of stress–energy tensor with the field equations in Yang–Mills theory. The Lorentz force is included with a consistent formulation as in Maxwell theory.

This study aims to analyze the effects of modified gravity via anti-curvature tensor on a gravitational model set up within a 5-dimensional space–time, focusing on brane-world scenarios. The anti-curvature tensor introduces innovative configuration that is equal to the inverse of the Ricci tensor. In this analysis, we consider $f(R,A)=(R+\alpha A)$, where the coupling parameter $\alpha$ influences both vacuum regions outside the brane and the core region within it. Through analysis, this study uncovers alterations in fermion localization, particularly impacting left-chirality fermion. To quantify fermion localization, probabilistic metrics such as Shannon entropy and relative probability are employed, demonstrating a heightened level of certainty as $\alpha$ values increase. These findings shed significant light on the dynamics of extra-dimensional models, providing valuable insights into the realms of particle physics and cosmology.