Pub Date : 2023-03-11DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01437-2
ThiKem Nguyen, Raut Pawan Kumar, Pil-Hoon Park
Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, exhibits potent tumor promoting effects through various mechanisms. Cathepsin B, a member of the lysosomal cysteine proteases, has been shown to modulate the growth of cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated the role of cathepsin B signaling in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth. Leptin treatment caused significant increase in the levels of active cathepsin B through the axis of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy induction without significant effects on pre- and pro-forms of cathepsin B. Interestingly, inhibition of cathepsin B signaling by gene silencing or treatment with a selective pharmacological inhibitor (CA-074) prevented leptin-enhanced viability of hepatic cancer cell and suppressed progression of cell cycle, indicating the critical role of cathepsin B in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth. We have further observed that maturation of cathepsin B is required for NLRP3 inflammasomes activation, which is implicated in the growth of hepatic cancer cell. The crucial roles of cathepsin B maturation in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth and NLRP3 inflammasomes activation were confirmed in an in vivo HepG2 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that cathepsin B signaling plays a pivotal role in leptin-induced hepatic cancer cell growth by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes.
{"title":"Cathepsin B maturation plays a critical role in leptin-induced hepatic cancer cell growth through activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes","authors":"ThiKem Nguyen, Raut Pawan Kumar, Pil-Hoon Park","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01437-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01437-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, exhibits potent tumor promoting effects through various mechanisms. Cathepsin B, a member of the lysosomal cysteine proteases, has been shown to modulate the growth of cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated the role of cathepsin B signaling in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth. Leptin treatment caused significant increase in the levels of active cathepsin B through the axis of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy induction without significant effects on pre- and pro-forms of cathepsin B. Interestingly, inhibition of cathepsin B signaling by gene silencing or treatment with a selective pharmacological inhibitor (CA-074) prevented leptin-enhanced viability of hepatic cancer cell and suppressed progression of cell cycle, indicating the critical role of cathepsin B in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth. We have further observed that maturation of cathepsin B is required for NLRP3 inflammasomes activation, which is implicated in the growth of hepatic cancer cell. The crucial roles of cathepsin B maturation in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth and NLRP3 inflammasomes activation were confirmed in an in vivo HepG2 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that cathepsin B signaling plays a pivotal role in leptin-induced hepatic cancer cell growth by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"160 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9238737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01438-1
Hyun Young Kim, Undarmaa Otgontenger, Jun-Woo Kim, Young Joo Lee, Sang-Bum Kim, Sung Chul Lim, Young-Mi Kim, Keon Wook Kang
Drug repositioning has gained significant attention over the past several years. The anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin has been investigated for the treatment of other diseases, including liver fibrosis. Because auranofin is rapidly metabolized, it is necessary to identify the active metabolites of auranofin that have detectable levels in the blood and reflect its therapeutic effects. In the present study, we investigated whether aurocyanide as an active metabolite of auranofin, can be used to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effects of auranofin. Incubation of auranofin with liver microsomes showed that auranofin was susceptible to hepatic metabolism. Previously, we found that the anti-fibrotic effects of auranofin are mediated via system xc–-dependent inhibition of the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Therefore, we tried to identify active metabolites of auranofin based on their inhibitory effects on system xc– and NLRP3 inflammasome in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Among the seven candidate metabolites, 1-thio-β-D-glycopyrano-sato-S-(triethyl-phosphine)-gold(I) and aurocyanide potently inhibited system xc– and NLRP3 inflammasome. A pharmacokinetics study on mice detected significant plasma levels of aurocyanide after auranofin administration. Oral administration of aurocyanide significantly prevented thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Moreover, the in vitro anti-fibrotic effects of aurocyanide were assessed in LX-2 cells, where aurocyanide significantly decreased the migratory ability of the cells. In conclusion, aurocyanide is metabolically stable and detectable in plasma, and has inhibitory effects on liver fibrosis, suggesting that it is a potential marker of the therapeutic effects of auranofin.
药物重新定位在过去几年中获得了极大的关注。抗类风湿性关节炎药物金糠蛋白已被研究用于治疗其他疾病,包括肝纤维化。由于金糠磷脂代谢迅速,因此有必要鉴定血液中可检测水平并反映其治疗效果的金糠磷脂活性代谢物。在本研究中,我们研究了作为金糠蛋白活性代谢物的金氰化物是否可以用于评价金糠蛋白的抗纤维化作用。用肝微粒体孵育金糠蛋白表明,金糠蛋白对肝脏代谢敏感。先前,我们发现金糠蛋白的抗纤维化作用是通过对NOD-、LRR-和pyrin结构域蛋白3 (NLRP3)炎性体的系统xc依赖性抑制介导的。因此,我们试图根据其对骨髓源性巨噬细胞中系统xc -和NLRP3炎性体的抑制作用来鉴定金嘌呤的活性代谢物。在7种候选代谢物中,1-硫-β- d -glycopyrano-sato- s -(三乙基膦)-金(I)和金氰化物能有效抑制系统xc -和NLRP3炎性体。一项小鼠药代动力学研究发现,在给药后,小鼠血浆中有显著的金烷氰化物水平。口服金氰化物可显著预防硫代乙酰胺所致小鼠肝纤维化。此外,在LX-2细胞中评估了金氰化物的体外抗纤维化作用,金氰化物显著降低了细胞的迁移能力。综上所述,金氰化物代谢稳定,可在血浆中检测到,对肝纤维化有抑制作用,提示其可能是金氟芬治疗效果的潜在标志。
{"title":"Anti-fibrotic effect of aurocyanide, the active metabolite of auranofin","authors":"Hyun Young Kim, Undarmaa Otgontenger, Jun-Woo Kim, Young Joo Lee, Sang-Bum Kim, Sung Chul Lim, Young-Mi Kim, Keon Wook Kang","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01438-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01438-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drug repositioning has gained significant attention over the past several years. The anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin has been investigated for the treatment of other diseases, including liver fibrosis. Because auranofin is rapidly metabolized, it is necessary to identify the active metabolites of auranofin that have detectable levels in the blood and reflect its therapeutic effects. In the present study, we investigated whether aurocyanide as an active metabolite of auranofin, can be used to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effects of auranofin. Incubation of auranofin with liver microsomes showed that auranofin was susceptible to hepatic metabolism. Previously, we found that the anti-fibrotic effects of auranofin are mediated via system x<sub>c</sub><sup>–</sup>-dependent inhibition of the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Therefore, we tried to identify active metabolites of auranofin based on their inhibitory effects on system x<sub>c</sub><sup>–</sup> and NLRP3 inflammasome in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Among the seven candidate metabolites, 1-thio-β-D-glycopyrano-sato-S-(triethyl-phosphine)-gold(I) and aurocyanide potently inhibited system x<sub>c</sub><sup>–</sup> and NLRP3 inflammasome. A pharmacokinetics study on mice detected significant plasma levels of aurocyanide after auranofin administration. Oral administration of aurocyanide significantly prevented thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Moreover, the in vitro anti-fibrotic effects of aurocyanide were assessed in LX-2 cells, where aurocyanide significantly decreased the migratory ability of the cells. In conclusion, aurocyanide is metabolically stable and detectable in plasma, and has inhibitory effects on liver fibrosis, suggesting that it is a potential marker of the therapeutic effects of auranofin.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"149 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12272-023-01438-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01434-5
Elina Khatoon, Mangala Hegde, Aviral Kumar, Uzini Devi Daimary, Gautam Sethi, Anupam Bishayee, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
{"title":"Correction to: The multifaceted role of STAT3 pathway and its implication as a potential therapeutic target in oral cancer","authors":"Elina Khatoon, Mangala Hegde, Aviral Kumar, Uzini Devi Daimary, Gautam Sethi, Anupam Bishayee, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01434-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01434-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"206 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9175026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01433-6
Yeji Hong, Su-Min Nam, Aree Moon
Engineering approaches using antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are designed to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapies and therapeutic antibodies such as drug resistance and non-specific toxicity. Cancer immunotherapies have been shown to be clinically successful with checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy; however, overactive immune systems still represent a major problem. Given the complexity of a tumor environment, it would be advantageous to have a strategy targeting two or more molecules. We highlight the necessity and importance of a multi-target platform strategy against cancer. Approximately 400 ADCs and over 200 bsAbs are currently being clinically developed for several indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. ADCs include antibodies that recognize tumor antigens, linkers that stably connect drugs, and powerful cytotoxic drugs, also known as payloads. ADCs have direct therapeutic effects by targeting cancers with a strong payload. Another type of drug that uses antibodies are bsAbs, targeting two antigens by linking to antigen recognition sites or bridging cytotoxic immune cells to tumor cells, resulting in cancer immunotherapy. Three bsAbs and one ADC have been approved for use by the FDA and the EMA in 2022. Among these, two of the bsAbs and the one ADC are used for cancers. We introduced that bsADC, a combination of ADC and bsAbs, has yet to be approved and several candidates are in the early stages of clinical development in this review. bsADCs technology helps increase the specificity of ADCs or the internalization and killing ability of bsAbs. We also briefly discuss the application of click chemistry in the efficient development of ADCs and bsAbs as a conjugation strategy. The present review summarizes the ADCs, bsAbs, and bsADCs that have been approved for anti-cancer or currently in development. These strategies selectively deliver drugs to malignant tumor cells and can be used as therapeutic approaches for various types of cancer.
{"title":"Antibody–drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies targeting cancers: applications of click chemistry","authors":"Yeji Hong, Su-Min Nam, Aree Moon","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01433-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01433-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Engineering approaches using antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are designed to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapies and therapeutic antibodies such as drug resistance and non-specific toxicity. Cancer immunotherapies have been shown to be clinically successful with checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy; however, overactive immune systems still represent a major problem. Given the complexity of a tumor environment, it would be advantageous to have a strategy targeting two or more molecules. We highlight the necessity and importance of a multi-target platform strategy against cancer. Approximately 400 ADCs and over 200 bsAbs are currently being clinically developed for several indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. ADCs include antibodies that recognize tumor antigens, linkers that stably connect drugs, and powerful cytotoxic drugs, also known as payloads. ADCs have direct therapeutic effects by targeting cancers with a strong payload. Another type of drug that uses antibodies are bsAbs, targeting two antigens by linking to antigen recognition sites or bridging cytotoxic immune cells to tumor cells, resulting in cancer immunotherapy. Three bsAbs and one ADC have been approved for use by the FDA and the EMA in 2022. Among these, two of the bsAbs and the one ADC are used for cancers. We introduced that bsADC, a combination of ADC and bsAbs, has yet to be approved and several candidates are in the early stages of clinical development in this review. bsADCs technology helps increase the specificity of ADCs or the internalization and killing ability of bsAbs. We also briefly discuss the application of click chemistry in the efficient development of ADCs and bsAbs as a conjugation strategy. The present review summarizes the ADCs, bsAbs, and bsADCs that have been approved for anti-cancer or currently in development. These strategies selectively deliver drugs to malignant tumor cells and can be used as therapeutic approaches for various types of cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"131 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01432-7
Ho Seon Lee, Chan Uk Heo, Young-Ho Song, Kyeong Lee, Chang-Ik Choi
Induction of the brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes (fat browning) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy to treat obesity. Naringin, a citrus flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. We examined the application of naringin as an anti-obesity compound based on an investigation of its induction of fat browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Naringin did not induce lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, naringin reduced the expression levels of proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) involved in adipogenesis during lipid metabolism and increased the levels of PPARα and adiponectin involved in fatty acid oxidation. The expression levels of fat browning markers uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1; involved in thermogenesis) and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) increased. In addition, naringin treatment resulted in the activation of PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a factor related to UCP1 transcription and mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the expression of beige adipocyte-specific genes such as Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmem26 was also induced. The small multi-lipid droplets characteristic of beige adipocytes indicated that naringin treatment increased the levels of all lipolysis markers (hormone-sensitive lipase [HSL], adipose triglyceride lipase [ATGL], perilipin [PLIN], and protein kinase A [PKA]). Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and UCP1 levels increased by treatment with naringin alone; this was possibly mediated by the stimulation of the AMPK signaling pathway. According to mechanistic studies, naringin activated the thermogenic protein UCP1 via the AMPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, naringin induces fat browning and is a promising therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders based on the regulation of lipid metabolism.
{"title":"Naringin promotes fat browning mediated by UCP1 activation via the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","authors":"Ho Seon Lee, Chan Uk Heo, Young-Ho Song, Kyeong Lee, Chang-Ik Choi","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01432-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01432-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Induction of the brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes (fat browning) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy to treat obesity. Naringin, a citrus flavonoid, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. We examined the application of naringin as an anti-obesity compound based on an investigation of its induction of fat browning in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Naringin did not induce lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, naringin reduced the expression levels of proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) involved in adipogenesis during lipid metabolism and increased the levels of PPARα and adiponectin involved in fatty acid oxidation. The expression levels of fat browning markers uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1; involved in thermogenesis) and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) increased. In addition, naringin treatment resulted in the activation of PPARγ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a factor related to UCP1 transcription and mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, the expression of beige adipocyte-specific genes such as <i>Cd137</i>, <i>Cited1</i>, <i>Tbx1</i>, and <i>Tmem26</i> was also induced. The small multi-lipid droplets characteristic of beige adipocytes indicated that naringin treatment increased the levels of all lipolysis markers (hormone-sensitive lipase [HSL], adipose triglyceride lipase [ATGL], perilipin [PLIN], and protein kinase A [PKA]). Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and UCP1 levels increased by treatment with naringin alone; this was possibly mediated by the stimulation of the AMPK signaling pathway. According to mechanistic studies, naringin activated the thermogenic protein UCP1 via the AMPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, naringin induces fat browning and is a promising therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders based on the regulation of lipid metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"192 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9537041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01430-9
Jing Wang, Qiang She, Jianlin Du
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a new kind of antidiabetic drug which has shown beneficial effects in reducing heart failure-related hospitalization and cardiovascular-related mortality. The mechanisms are complicated. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) without heart failure. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as normal controls. SHRs were randomly divided into the SHR group and the -treated group. After 8 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment, the morphology of heart tissues was examined. The mRNA expression profiles were identified via RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Various analysis methods were used to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to predict gene function and coexpression. After dapagliflozin treatment, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced compared with that in the SHR group. Myocardial remodeling was ameliorated compared with that in the SHR group. After dapagliflozin intervention, 75 DEGs (|log2-fold change | > 0 and Q value < 0.05) were identified in the heart tissues compared to the SHR group. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the circadian rhythm genes Per3, Bhlhe41, and Nr1d1 was significantly upregulated, while the results were coincident with the RNA-Seq results. Dapagliflozin may effectively inhibit myocardial remodeling and regulate blood pressure. The mechanisms may be related to the activation of the circadian rhythm signaling pathway.
{"title":"Dapagliflozin attenuates myocardial remodeling in hypertension by activating the circadian rhythm signaling pathway","authors":"Jing Wang, Qiang She, Jianlin Du","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01430-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01430-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is a new kind of antidiabetic drug which has shown beneficial effects in reducing heart failure-related hospitalization and cardiovascular-related mortality. The mechanisms are complicated. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin on the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) without heart failure. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as normal controls. SHRs were randomly divided into the SHR group and the -treated group. After 8 weeks of dapagliflozin treatment, the morphology of heart tissues was examined. The mRNA expression profiles were identified via RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Various analysis methods were used to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to predict gene function and coexpression. After dapagliflozin treatment, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced compared with that in the SHR group. Myocardial remodeling was ameliorated compared with that in the SHR group. After dapagliflozin intervention, 75 DEGs (|log2<i>-fold change</i> | > 0 and <i>Q value</i> < 0.05) were identified in the heart tissues compared to the SHR group. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the circadian rhythm genes <i>Per3</i>, <i>Bhlhe41</i>, and <i>Nr1d1</i> was significantly upregulated, while the results were coincident with the RNA-Seq results. Dapagliflozin may effectively inhibit myocardial remodeling and regulate blood pressure. The mechanisms may be related to the activation of the circadian rhythm signaling pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"117 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10781356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01431-8
Jun-Kyu Byun
Tumor development is influenced by circulating metabolites and most tumors are exposed to substantially elevated levels of lactic acid and low levels of nutrients, such as glucose and glutamine. Tumor-derived lactic acid, the major circulating carbon metabolite, regulates energy metabolism and cancer cell signaling pathways, while also acting as an energy source and signaling molecule. Recent studies have yielded new insights into the pro-tumorigenic action of lactic acid and its metabolism. These insights suggest an anti-tumor therapeutic strategy targeting the oncometabolite lactic acid, with the aim of improving the efficacy and clinical safety of tumor metabolism inhibitors. This review describes the current understanding of the multifunctional roles of tumor lactic acid, as well as therapeutic approaches targeting lactic acid metabolism, including lactate dehydrogenase and monocarboxylate transporters, for anti-cancer therapy.
{"title":"Tumor lactic acid: a potential target for cancer therapy","authors":"Jun-Kyu Byun","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01431-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01431-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tumor development is influenced by circulating metabolites and most tumors are exposed to substantially elevated levels of lactic acid and low levels of nutrients, such as glucose and glutamine. Tumor-derived lactic acid, the major circulating carbon metabolite, regulates energy metabolism and cancer cell signaling pathways, while also acting as an energy source and signaling molecule. Recent studies have yielded new insights into the pro-tumorigenic action of lactic acid and its metabolism. These insights suggest an anti-tumor therapeutic strategy targeting the oncometabolite lactic acid, with the aim of improving the efficacy and clinical safety of tumor metabolism inhibitors. This review describes the current understanding of the multifunctional roles of tumor lactic acid, as well as therapeutic approaches targeting lactic acid metabolism, including lactate dehydrogenase and monocarboxylate transporters, for anti-cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"90 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9326166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01429-2
Ka Man Tse, Osamu Takeuchi
Innate immunity is one of the most ancient and conserved aspect of the immune system. It is responsible for an anti-infective response and has been intrinsically linked to the generation of inflammation. While the inflammatory response entails signaling to the adaptive immune system, it can be self-perpetuating and over-exaggerated, resulting in deleterious consequences, including cytokine storm, sepsis, and the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Cytokines are the defining features of the immune system. They are critical to mediation of inflammation and host immune defense, and are tightly regulated at several levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recently, the role of post-transcriptional regulation in fine-tuning cytokine expression has become more appreciated. This interest has advanced our understanding of how various mechanisms are integrated and regulated to determine the amount of cytokine production in cells during inflammatory responses. Here, we would like to review how innate immunity recognizes and responds to pathogens by pattern-recognition receptors, and the molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory responses, with a focus on the post-transcriptional regulations of inflammatory mediators by RNA-binding proteins, especially Regnase-1. Finally, we will discuss the regulatory mechanisms of Regnase-1 and highlight therapeutic strategies based on targeting Regnase-1 activity and its turnover as potential treatment options for chronic and autoimmune diseases.
{"title":"Innate immune sensing of pathogens and its post-transcriptional regulations by RNA-binding proteins","authors":"Ka Man Tse, Osamu Takeuchi","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01429-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01429-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> Innate immunity is one of the most ancient and conserved aspect of the immune system. It is responsible for an anti-infective response and has been intrinsically linked to the generation of inflammation. While the inflammatory response entails signaling to the adaptive immune system, it can be self-perpetuating and over-exaggerated, resulting in deleterious consequences, including cytokine storm, sepsis, and the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Cytokines are the defining features of the immune system. They are critical to mediation of inflammation and host immune defense, and are tightly regulated at several levels, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recently, the role of post-transcriptional regulation in fine-tuning cytokine expression has become more appreciated. This interest has advanced our understanding of how various mechanisms are integrated and regulated to determine the amount of cytokine production in cells during inflammatory responses. Here, we would like to review how innate immunity recognizes and responds to pathogens by pattern-recognition receptors, and the molecular mechanisms regulating inflammatory responses, with a focus on the post-transcriptional regulations of inflammatory mediators by RNA-binding proteins, especially Regnase-1. Finally, we will discuss the regulatory mechanisms of Regnase-1 and highlight therapeutic strategies based on targeting Regnase-1 activity and its turnover as potential treatment options for chronic and autoimmune diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"65 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12272-023-01429-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10762546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01428-3
Bokeum Choi, Changjun Lee, Je-Wook Yu
Inflammation is an essential host defense mechanism in response to microbial infection and tissue injury. In addition to its well-established role in infection, inflammation is actively involved in the repair of damaged tissues and restoration of homeostatic conditions after tissue injury. The intensity of the inflammatory response and types of cells involved in inflammation have a significant impact on the quality of tissue repair. Numerous immune cell subtypes participate in tissue repair and regeneration. In particular, immune cell-derived secretants, including cytokines and growth factors, can actively modulate the proliferation of resident stem cells or progenitor cells to facilitate tissue regeneration. These findings highlight the importance of inflammation during tissue repair and regeneration; however, the precise role of immune cells in tissue regeneration remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of specific immune cell types to tissue repair and regeneration. We also discuss how inflammation affects the final outcome of tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Distinctive role of inflammation in tissue repair and regeneration","authors":"Bokeum Choi, Changjun Lee, Je-Wook Yu","doi":"10.1007/s12272-023-01428-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-023-01428-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inflammation is an essential host defense mechanism in response to microbial infection and tissue injury. In addition to its well-established role in infection, inflammation is actively involved in the repair of damaged tissues and restoration of homeostatic conditions after tissue injury. The intensity of the inflammatory response and types of cells involved in inflammation have a significant impact on the quality of tissue repair. Numerous immune cell subtypes participate in tissue repair and regeneration. In particular, immune cell-derived secretants, including cytokines and growth factors, can actively modulate the proliferation of resident stem cells or progenitor cells to facilitate tissue regeneration. These findings highlight the importance of inflammation during tissue repair and regeneration; however, the precise role of immune cells in tissue regeneration remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of specific immune cell types to tissue repair and regeneration. We also discuss how inflammation affects the final outcome of tissue regeneration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"78 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10763785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01424-z
Hye Ryeong Kim, Jonghwan Kim, Jae Sik Yu, Bum Soo Lee, Ki Hyun Kim, Chung Sub Kim
Dermabacter vaginalis is a human-derived bacterium isolated from vaginal fluid of a Korean female in 2016. Although several human-related species in Dermabacter genus have been reported there are few studies on their bioactive metabolites. Dermazolium A (1), a rare imidazolium metabolite, was isolated from D. vaginalis along with five known metabolites (2–6) and their chemical structures were determined by NMR, HRMS, and MS/MS data analysis. Feeding experiments using predicted precursors and biomimetic total synthesis of 1 corroborated its structure and led to suggestion of biosynthetic pathway of 1. Antibacterial tests on the isolated compounds showed that 1 is a mild antibacterial agent with MIC values of 41 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei KCTC 3510 and Brevibacterium epidermidis KCTC 3090.
{"title":"Isolation, structure elucidation, total synthesis, and biosynthesis of dermazolium A, an antibacterial imidazolium metabolite of a vaginal bacterium Dermabacter vaginalis","authors":"Hye Ryeong Kim, Jonghwan Kim, Jae Sik Yu, Bum Soo Lee, Ki Hyun Kim, Chung Sub Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12272-022-01424-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12272-022-01424-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Dermabacter vaginalis</i> is a human-derived bacterium isolated from vaginal fluid of a Korean female in 2016. Although several human-related species in <i>Dermabacter</i> genus have been reported there are few studies on their bioactive metabolites. Dermazolium A (<b>1</b>), a rare imidazolium metabolite, was isolated from <i>D. vaginalis</i> along with five known metabolites (<b>2–6</b>) and their chemical structures were determined by NMR, HRMS, and MS/MS data analysis. Feeding experiments using predicted precursors and biomimetic total synthesis of <b>1</b> corroborated its structure and led to suggestion of biosynthetic pathway of <b>1</b>. Antibacterial tests on the isolated compounds showed that <b>1</b> is a mild antibacterial agent with MIC values of 41 µg/mL against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) USA300, <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> subsp. <i>paracasei</i> KCTC 3510 and <i>Brevibacterium epidermidis</i> KCTC 3090.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8287,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmacal Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"35 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12272-022-01424-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10583373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}