Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2445
A. Kavitha Sri, M. Sivaraj, S. Rajkumar, A. Ruby Shelin, L. Sajitha, K. Jeyasubramanian, R. Jeen Robert, G. S. Hikku
Recently, there has been an upsurge among people around the world in maintaining a sustainable and hygienic environment. This is due to the over-exploitation of recourses causing environmental pollution and spreading bacterial infections. In this regard, scientists are motivated to develop smart coatings where environmental pollutants and bacterial cells are degraded when in contact with their surfaces.In our previous report, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the precipitation technique, showing good photocatalytic and antibacterial activity [1]. In this context, the present study details the use of ZnO NPs as pigment for the fabrication of alkyd resin-based self-cleaning coating. The coating was developed by mixing ZnO NPs and alkyd resin along with the additives using the ball milling technique. The developed coating was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle measurements.To elucidate the self-cleaning and hygienic behaviour of the ZnO/alkyd resin coating, the dried coating was exposed to crystal violet (CV) solution as a model dye pollutant and bacterial strains to assess its photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. The droplets of CV solution placed over the coating almost degraded after 360 min of exposure to sunlight owing to the presence of ZnO NPs in the coating. Further, the coating exhibits reasonable antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa whereas it displays low antibacterial activity against S. aureus.Even though, the self-cleaning coating shows promising results, tuning the activity of the photo-catalytic pigment can improve the pollutant degradation efficiency and elevate bactericidal activity.ZnO NPs-impregnated alkyd resin coating for self-cleaning applications is novel.
{"title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles as photo-catalytic and anti-bacterial pigment for alkyd resin based coating","authors":"A. Kavitha Sri, M. Sivaraj, S. Rajkumar, A. Ruby Shelin, L. Sajitha, K. Jeyasubramanian, R. Jeen Robert, G. S. Hikku","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2445","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been an upsurge among people around the world in maintaining a sustainable and hygienic environment. This is due to the over-exploitation of recourses causing environmental pollution and spreading bacterial infections. In this regard, scientists are motivated to develop smart coatings where environmental pollutants and bacterial cells are degraded when in contact with their surfaces.In our previous report, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the precipitation technique, showing good photocatalytic and antibacterial activity [1]. In this context, the present study details the use of ZnO NPs as pigment for the fabrication of alkyd resin-based self-cleaning coating. The coating was developed by mixing ZnO NPs and alkyd resin along with the additives using the ball milling technique. The developed coating was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle measurements.To elucidate the self-cleaning and hygienic behaviour of the ZnO/alkyd resin coating, the dried coating was exposed to crystal violet (CV) solution as a model dye pollutant and bacterial strains to assess its photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. The droplets of CV solution placed over the coating almost degraded after 360 min of exposure to sunlight owing to the presence of ZnO NPs in the coating. Further, the coating exhibits reasonable antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa whereas it displays low antibacterial activity against S. aureus.Even though, the self-cleaning coating shows promising results, tuning the activity of the photo-catalytic pigment can improve the pollutant degradation efficiency and elevate bactericidal activity.ZnO NPs-impregnated alkyd resin coating for self-cleaning applications is novel.","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45121988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2451
G. Jania, J. Żmudzki, S. Topolska
In dental practice, there is necessary to weld gold with titanium under the conditions of a dental technique laboratory, which is difficult. The aim was to assess the weldability of pure gold with the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using a prosthetic laser welding machine.Gold wire in a diameter of 0.4 mm made with the use of a jewellery drawbar (GOLDPORT, Szczecin, Poland) was welded to a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V substrate of dental implant abutment screw (MegaGen). Dental laser welding parameters (Bego Laser Star T plus) were 230 V; 6.5 ms; 2.5 Hz; laser spot 0.3 mm, and argon blow. Samples were included in resin, ground (500-4000 SiC), polished (Al2O3 suspension) and etched (Kroll solution) per 20 s before observation under a light microscope.There were well-welded and poorly joined zones. The discontinuities and voids there were not visible or sparse next to the initial weld point. Dendritic structure at well-welded remelting zones and two-phase microstructure of titanium and Ti3Au phase were found. The heat-affected zone was about of 20 microns.Light microscopy was used, and precise phase identification required further investigations. Weld strength assessment requires further micro-hardness and load-bearing ability tests. Weldability concerns the model system with pure gold.In the case of elements with dimensions below 0.4 mm, the use of a laser with a smaller spot should be considered for better control of the remelting zone and mechanical positioning of the elements in order to stabilize and avoid discontinuities and voids.Prosthetic laser welding with a laser spot about of 0.3 mm allows to obtain well-welded parts of 0.3 mm in diameter under stable stitching conditions and higher than 0.4 mm in dimensions.
在牙科实践中，有必要在牙科技术实验室的条件下将金与钛焊接，这是困难的。目的是利用假肢激光焊接机评估纯金与钛合金Ti6Al4V的可焊性。使用珠宝拉杆(GOLDPORT, Szczecin, Poland)制作直径为0.4 mm的金丝，焊接到种植牙基牙螺钉(MegaGen)的钛合金Ti6Al4V基板上。牙科激光焊接参数(Bego laser Star T plus)为230 V;6.5女士;2.5赫兹;激光光斑0.3 mm，氩气吹制。样品每20 s放入树脂中，研磨(500-4000 SiC)，抛光(Al2O3悬浮液)和蚀刻(Kroll溶液)，然后在光学显微镜下观察。有焊接良好和连接不良的区域。在初始焊点附近，不可见或稀疏的不连续和空洞。在焊接良好的重熔区发现了枝晶组织和钛与Ti3Au相的两相组织。热影响区约为20微米。使用光学显微镜，精确的相识别需要进一步的研究。焊接强度评估需要进一步的显微硬度和承载能力测试。可焊性与纯金的模型系统有关。对于尺寸小于0.4 mm的元件，应考虑使用光斑较小的激光，以便更好地控制重熔区域和元件的机械定位，以稳定和避免不连续和空洞。激光光斑约为0.3 mm的假肢激光焊接可以在稳定的拼接条件下获得直径0.3 mm且尺寸大于0.4 mm的焊接良好的零件。
{"title":"Assessment of gold with titanium alloy weldability in conditions of a dental technique laboratory","authors":"G. Jania, J. Żmudzki, S. Topolska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2451","url":null,"abstract":"In dental practice, there is necessary to weld gold with titanium under the conditions of a dental technique laboratory, which is difficult. The aim was to assess the weldability of pure gold with the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using a prosthetic laser welding machine.Gold wire in a diameter of 0.4 mm made with the use of a jewellery drawbar (GOLDPORT, Szczecin, Poland) was welded to a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V substrate of dental implant abutment screw (MegaGen). Dental laser welding parameters (Bego Laser Star T plus) were 230 V; 6.5 ms; 2.5 Hz; laser spot 0.3 mm, and argon blow. Samples were included in resin, ground (500-4000 SiC), polished (Al2O3 suspension) and etched (Kroll solution) per 20 s before observation under a light microscope.There were well-welded and poorly joined zones. The discontinuities and voids there were not visible or sparse next to the initial weld point. Dendritic structure at well-welded remelting zones and two-phase microstructure of titanium and Ti3Au phase were found. The heat-affected zone was about of 20 microns.Light microscopy was used, and precise phase identification required further investigations. Weld strength assessment requires further micro-hardness and load-bearing ability tests. Weldability concerns the model system with pure gold.In the case of elements with dimensions below 0.4 mm, the use of a laser with a smaller spot should be considered for better control of the remelting zone and mechanical positioning of the elements in order to stabilize and avoid discontinuities and voids.Prosthetic laser welding with a laser spot about of 0.3 mm allows to obtain well-welded parts of 0.3 mm in diameter under stable stitching conditions and higher than 0.4 mm in dimensions.","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41879643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1775
M. Góral, P. C. Monteiro, P. Sosnowy, M. Woźniak, T. Kubaszek, B. Kościelniak
In the article, the kinetic growth phenomena of aluminide coating formed by plasma spraying pure Al-Si powder and subsequent diffusion annealing on TiAl intermetallic alloy in inert atmosphere were investigated. The Al-Si powder was thermal sprayed (APS) on TiAl7Nb intermetallic alloy and annealed in Ar atmosphere during 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 480 min. The kinetic growth of the coating was observed using the scanning electron microscopy method (SEM), and chemical composition was analysed using the EDS method. The Kirkendall Effects pores formation, as well as titanium silicides on the grain boundary of TiAl3, was found. The oxidation resistance of the developed coating might be analysed in further work. The developed coating might be used for the production of protective aluminide coatings on TiAl intermetallic alloys. The description of aluminide coating formation in a new technological process.
{"title":"The formation of Si-aluminide coating formed by plasma spraying and subsequent diffusion annealing on Ti-Al-7Nb intermetallic alloy","authors":"M. Góral, P. C. Monteiro, P. Sosnowy, M. Woźniak, T. Kubaszek, B. Kościelniak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1775","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the kinetic growth phenomena of aluminide coating formed by plasma spraying pure Al-Si powder and subsequent diffusion annealing on TiAl intermetallic alloy in inert atmosphere were investigated.\u0000\u0000The Al-Si powder was thermal sprayed (APS) on TiAl7Nb intermetallic alloy and annealed in Ar atmosphere during 5, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 480 min. The kinetic growth of the coating was observed using the scanning electron microscopy method (SEM), and chemical composition was analysed using the EDS method.\u0000\u0000The Kirkendall Effects pores formation, as well as titanium silicides on the grain boundary of TiAl3, was found.\u0000\u0000The oxidation resistance of the developed coating might be analysed in further work.\u0000\u0000The developed coating might be used for the production of protective aluminide coatings on TiAl intermetallic alloys.\u0000\u0000The description of aluminide coating formation in a new technological process.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47956998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1778
J. Arunamithra, R. Saravanan, S. Venkatesh Babu
The purpose of the study is to develop an augmented algorithm with optimised energy and improvised synchronisation to assist the knee exoskeleton design. This enhanced algorithm is used to estimate the accurate left and right movement signals from the brain and accordingly moves the lower-limb exoskeleton with the help of motors. An optimised deep learning algorithm is developed to differentiate the right and left leg movements from the acquired brain signals. The obtained test signals are then compared with the signals obtained from the conventional algorithm to find the accuracy of the algorithm. The obtained average accuracy rate of about 63% illustrates the improvised differentiation in identifying the right and left leg movement. The future work involves the comparative study of the proposed algorithm with other classification technologies to extract more reliable results. A comparative analysis of the replaceable and rechargeable battery will be done in the future study to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed model. This study involves the extended study of five frequency regions namely alpha, beta, gamma, delta and theta, to handle the real-time EEG signal processing exoskeleton, model.
{"title":"Enhanced algorithm for energy optimization and improvised synchronization in knee exoskeleton system","authors":"J. Arunamithra, R. Saravanan, S. Venkatesh Babu","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1778","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to develop an augmented algorithm with optimised energy and improvised synchronisation to assist the knee exoskeleton design. This enhanced algorithm is used to estimate the accurate left and right movement signals from the brain and accordingly moves the lower-limb exoskeleton with the help of motors.\u0000\u0000An optimised deep learning algorithm is developed to differentiate the right and left leg movements from the acquired brain signals. The obtained test signals are then compared with the signals obtained from the conventional algorithm to find the accuracy of the algorithm.\u0000\u0000The obtained average accuracy rate of about 63% illustrates the improvised differentiation in identifying the right and left leg movement.\u0000\u0000The future work involves the comparative study of the proposed algorithm with other classification technologies to extract more reliable results. A comparative analysis of the replaceable and rechargeable battery will be done in the future study to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed model.\u0000\u0000This study involves the extended study of five frequency regions namely alpha, beta, gamma, delta and theta, to handle the real-time EEG signal processing exoskeleton, model.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46136540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1777
A. Arifuddin, A. Redhwan, A. M. Syafiq, S. Z. Zainal Ariffin, A. Aminullah, W. Azmi
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 nano-cutting fluid in the turning process application under the selected significant machining parameters consisting of nano concentration, depth of cut and feed rate. The preparation of aqueous hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 water-based nano-cutting fluids and their application as the cutting fluid in turning operations are undertaken. The Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluids were prepared through a one-step method; by dispersing nanoparticles of Al2O3 (average diameter 30 nm) and TiO2 (average diameter 30-50 nm) in CNC coolant based at four different volume concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%). The effectiveness of turning cutting performance, namely cutting temperature (°C), average surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear (%), were assessed via air-assisted nano cutting fluids impinged through MQL setup in turning of Aluminium Alloy AA7075. The response surface method (RSM) was employed in the design of the experiment (DOE). The lowest cutting temperature, surface roughness, and tool wear of 25.8°C, 0.494 µm, and 0.0107%, are obtained, respectively, when the combinations of hybrid nano cutting fluid concentration of 4%, feed rate value of 0.1 mm/rev, and 0.3 mm depth of cut is used. The result in this paper is based on the experimental study of Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid using CNC turning operation. The process focuses on the finishing process by using a finishing insert. Further work using roughing process may be suggested to observe the better performance of this cutting process using nano-cutting fluid towards reducing the wear rate. The use of Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid coupled with MQL in the CNC turning process is considered a new method. Machining soft and delicate materials such as Aluminium should consider using this combination technique since it lowers the cutting temperature and removes the chips, reducing the adhesive wear. The hybrid nano-cutting fluid can replace the conventional cutting fluid and will perform better if combined with the MQL cooling technique; this new method should be considered by major industry players that require a high-precision finished product such as the product that involves aircraft and aerospace applications.
{"title":"Effectiveness of hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 nano cutting fluids application in CNC turning process","authors":"A. Arifuddin, A. Redhwan, A. M. Syafiq, S. Z. Zainal Ariffin, A. Aminullah, W. Azmi","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1777","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 nano-cutting fluid in the turning process application under the selected significant machining parameters consisting of nano concentration, depth of cut and feed rate.\u0000\u0000The preparation of aqueous hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 water-based nano-cutting fluids and their application as the cutting fluid in turning operations are undertaken. The Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluids were prepared through a one-step method; by dispersing nanoparticles of Al2O3 (average diameter 30 nm) and TiO2 (average diameter 30-50 nm) in CNC coolant based at four different volume concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%). The effectiveness of turning cutting performance, namely cutting temperature (°C), average surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear (%), were assessed via air-assisted nano cutting fluids impinged through MQL setup in turning of Aluminium Alloy AA7075. The response surface method (RSM) was employed in the design of the experiment (DOE).\u0000\u0000The lowest cutting temperature, surface roughness, and tool wear of 25.8°C, 0.494 µm, and 0.0107%, are obtained, respectively, when the combinations of hybrid nano cutting fluid concentration of 4%, feed rate value of 0.1 mm/rev, and 0.3 mm depth of cut is used.\u0000\u0000The result in this paper is based on the experimental study of Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid using CNC turning operation. The process focuses on the finishing process by using a finishing insert. Further work using roughing process may be suggested to observe the better performance of this cutting process using nano-cutting fluid towards reducing the wear rate.\u0000\u0000The use of Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid coupled with MQL in the CNC turning process is considered a new method. Machining soft and delicate materials such as Aluminium should consider using this combination technique since it lowers the cutting temperature and removes the chips, reducing the adhesive wear.\u0000\u0000The hybrid nano-cutting fluid can replace the conventional cutting fluid and will perform better if combined with the MQL cooling technique; this new method should be considered by major industry players that require a high-precision finished product such as the product that involves aircraft and aerospace applications.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44286617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1776
S. Matkivskyi, O. Burachok, L. Matiishyn
Optimization of formation pressure maintenance technologies in the development of gas condensate fields with a high initial content of condensate in the reservoir gas using numerical modelling. A study on the efficiency of dry gas injection for pressure maintenance in gas condensate fields was performed with the help of numerical 3D models. Key technological indicators of the reservoir development were calculated for the dry gas injection period of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. The results are presented as plots for the parameters in a study. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that the introduction of dry gas injection technology ensures that reservoir pressure is maintained at the highest level compared to the development of gas condensate reservoirs on primary depletion. Due to this, further condensate drop-out in the reservoir is slowed down, and the production of partly already condensed hydrocarbons is ensured by their evaporation into the dry gas injected from the surface. The simulation results indicate that increase in the injection duration period leads to an increase of the cumulative condensate production and hence the final hydrocarbon recovery factor. The heterogeneity of oil and gas deposits, both in terms of area and thickness, significantly affects the efficiency of the developed hydrocarbon enhancement technologies. In order to minimize the negative impact of heterogeneity, it is necessary to conduct additional studies on the conditions of specific reservoirs or fields. The reservoir pressure maintenance technology implementation according to various technological schemes, as well as using various types of injection agents, will significantly intensify the development of depleted gas condensate fields with a high condensate yield. Statistical analysis of the simulation results identified the optimum value of the dry gas injection period into the gas condensate reservoir, which is 34.3 months for the conditions of a given reservoir in the study.
{"title":"Evaluation of the gas recycling duration on the hydrocarbon recovery from gas condensate fields","authors":"S. Matkivskyi, O. Burachok, L. Matiishyn","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1776","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of formation pressure maintenance technologies in the development of gas condensate fields with a high initial content of condensate in the reservoir gas using numerical modelling.\u0000\u0000A study on the efficiency of dry gas injection for pressure maintenance in gas condensate fields was performed with the help of numerical 3D models. Key technological indicators of the reservoir development were calculated for the dry gas injection period of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. The results are presented as plots for the parameters in a study.\u0000\u0000Based on the results of the studies, it was found that the introduction of dry gas injection technology ensures that reservoir pressure is maintained at the highest level compared to the development of gas condensate reservoirs on primary depletion. Due to this, further condensate drop-out in the reservoir is slowed down, and the production of partly already condensed hydrocarbons is ensured by their evaporation into the dry gas injected from the surface. The simulation results indicate that increase in the injection duration period leads to an increase of the cumulative condensate production and hence the final hydrocarbon recovery factor.\u0000\u0000The heterogeneity of oil and gas deposits, both in terms of area and thickness, significantly affects the efficiency of the developed hydrocarbon enhancement technologies. In order to minimize the negative impact of heterogeneity, it is necessary to conduct additional studies on the conditions of specific reservoirs or fields.\u0000\u0000The reservoir pressure maintenance technology implementation according to various technological schemes, as well as using various types of injection agents, will significantly intensify the development of depleted gas condensate fields with a high condensate yield.\u0000\u0000Statistical analysis of the simulation results identified the optimum value of the dry gas injection period into the gas condensate reservoir, which is 34.3 months for the conditions of a given reservoir in the study.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48974877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1393
A. Kimteta, M. S. Thakur, P. Sihag, A. Upadhya, N. Sharma
The mechanical characteristics of concrete used in rigid pavements can be improved by using fibre-reinforced concrete. The purpose of the study was to predict the flexural strength of the fibre-reinforced concrete for ten input variables i.e., cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, superplasticizer/high range water reducer, glass fibre, polypropylene fibre, steel fibres, length and diameter of fibre and further to perform the sensitivity analysis to determine the most sensitive input variable which affects the flexural strength of the said fibre-reinforced concrete. The data used in the study was acquired from the published literature to create the soft computing modes. Four soft computing techniques i.e., Artificial neural networks (ANN), Random forests (RF), Random trees RT), and M5P, were applied to predict the flexural strength of fibre-reinforced concrete for rigid pavement using ten significant input variables as stated in the ‘purpose’. The most performing algorithm was determined after evaluating the applied models on the threshold of five statistical indices, i.e., the coefficient of correlation, mean absolute error, root mean square error, relative absolute error, and root relative squared error. The sensitivity analysis for most sensitive input variable was performed with out-performing model, i.e., ANN. The testing stage findings show that the Artificial neural networks model outperformed other applicable models, having the highest coefficient of correlation (0.9408), the lowest mean absolute error (0.8292), and the lowest root mean squared error (1.1285). Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis was performed using the artificial neural networks model. The results demonstrate that polypropylene fibre-reinforced concrete significantly influences the prediction of the flexural strength of fibre-reinforced concrete. Large datasets may enhance machine learning technique performance. The article's novelty is that the most suitable model amongst the four applied techniques has been identified, which gives far better accuracy in predicting flexural strength.
{"title":"Prediction of flexural strength of FRC pavements by soft computing techniques","authors":"A. Kimteta, M. S. Thakur, P. Sihag, A. Upadhya, N. Sharma","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1393","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical characteristics of concrete used in rigid pavements can be improved by using fibre-reinforced concrete. The purpose of the study was to predict the flexural strength of the fibre-reinforced concrete for ten input variables i.e., cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, superplasticizer/high range water reducer, glass fibre, polypropylene fibre, steel fibres, length and diameter of fibre and further to perform the sensitivity analysis to determine the most sensitive input variable which affects the flexural strength of the said fibre-reinforced concrete.\u0000\u0000The data used in the study was acquired from the published literature to create the soft computing modes. Four soft computing techniques i.e., Artificial neural networks (ANN), Random forests (RF), Random trees RT), and M5P, were applied to predict the flexural strength of fibre-reinforced concrete for rigid pavement using ten significant input variables as stated in the ‘purpose’. The most performing algorithm was determined after evaluating the applied models on the threshold of five statistical indices, i.e., the coefficient of correlation, mean absolute error, root mean square error, relative absolute error, and root relative squared error. The sensitivity analysis for most sensitive input variable was performed with out-performing model, i.e., ANN.\u0000\u0000The testing stage findings show that the Artificial neural networks model outperformed other applicable models, having the highest coefficient of correlation (0.9408), the lowest mean absolute error (0.8292), and the lowest root mean squared error (1.1285). Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis was performed using the artificial neural networks model. The results demonstrate that polypropylene fibre-reinforced concrete significantly influences the prediction of the flexural strength of fibre-reinforced concrete.\u0000\u0000Large datasets may enhance machine learning technique performance.\u0000\u0000The article's novelty is that the most suitable model amongst the four applied techniques has been identified, which gives far better accuracy in predicting flexural strength.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43548115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1394
M. Serediuk
To improve the technologies of different oil types of sequential pumping through the pipeline by establishing the laws of changing the throughput and energy efficiency of the oil pipeline operator in the process of pumping and displacing oil batches. The identified regularities would contribute to more effective management of the mixture realisation process at the end of the oil pipeline and reliable forecasting of the results of the different oil types of mixture formation. Carrying out theoretical studies and applying mathematical modelling methods in order to establish the regularities of hy-drodynamic processes during the injection into the oil pipeline and the displacement of oil different grades from it. The regularities of changes in oil pipeline capacity and specific electricity costs for transportation as a function of the coordinates of different oil types of batches contacts and the time of sequential pumping cycle implementation they have been established. The next stage of the research is to establish the influence of the hydrodynamic processes features on the intensity of the oil different grades mixture formation in the process of their successive pumping in the oil pipeline. A method and software have been developed that make it possible to predict the throughput and energy efficiency of oil pipeline operation for each moment of the sequential pumping cycle of small batches of different grade oil. The application of the method for the conditions of an operating oil pipeline proved that during the cycle of four types of sequential oil pumping, the change in throughput exceeds 20%, and the change in energy consumption exceeds 10%. The originality of the method consists in taking into account the regularities of the hydrodynamic process of the movement of several batches of oil of different grades in the pipeline, the features of the profile of the pipeline route and the physical properties of the liquid that fills the cavity of the pumps.
{"title":"Methods of hydrodynamic calculation oil pipeline sequential transportation of small batches of various oil","authors":"M. Serediuk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1394","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the technologies of different oil types of sequential pumping through the pipeline by establishing the laws of changing the throughput and energy efficiency of the oil pipeline operator in the process of pumping and displacing oil batches. The identified regularities would contribute to more effective management of the mixture realisation process at the end of the oil pipeline and reliable forecasting of the results of the different oil types of mixture formation.\u0000\u0000Carrying out theoretical studies and applying mathematical modelling methods in order to establish the regularities of hy-drodynamic processes during the injection into the oil pipeline and the displacement of oil different grades from it.\u0000\u0000The regularities of changes in oil pipeline capacity and specific electricity costs for transportation as a function of the coordinates of different oil types of batches contacts and the time of sequential pumping cycle implementation they have been established.\u0000\u0000The next stage of the research is to establish the influence of the hydrodynamic processes features on the intensity of the oil different grades mixture formation in the process of their successive pumping in the oil pipeline.\u0000\u0000A method and software have been developed that make it possible to predict the throughput and energy efficiency of oil pipeline operation for each moment of the sequential pumping cycle of small batches of different grade oil. The application of the method for the conditions of an operating oil pipeline proved that during the cycle of four types of sequential oil pumping, the change in throughput exceeds 20%, and the change in energy consumption exceeds 10%.\u0000\u0000The originality of the method consists in taking into account the regularities of the hydrodynamic process of the movement of several batches of oil of different grades in the pipeline, the features of the profile of the pipeline route and the physical properties of the liquid that fills the cavity of the pumps.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48583822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1395
M. Abdulridha, A. Jilabi
The primary purpose of the study was the metallurgical characterization of laser welds. The weldability of commercial production of pure titanium and titanium alloy (CP-Ti) has also been examined. In this research, the laser fibre method was used to weld sheets of pure titanium, and then microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the changes in the microstructure, the depth of weld penetration and the width of the weld area with changing welding parameters. The results proved that increasing the laser power significantly increases the depth of weld penetration and weld width. When the heat input is increased, the shape of the weld pool changes from a V shape to an hourglass shape. It was also observed that the depth of the crater formed increases with the increase in the laser power due to the increase in the melting and evaporation of the weld metal. Increasing the welding speed also has a negative impact on the weld geometry because it reduces the heat input and absorption of laser energy by the weld metal and thus reduces the melting of the metal. The microstructure of the fusion zone consists of acicular α. Fine grains formed in the weld centre at low heat input; the granules became columnar-like. Since commercially pure titanium contains a small amount of beta-phase stabilizers, the cooling rate is extremely high for martensite to occur. In the future, it is recommended to study the effect of changing welding parameters on the mechanical properties of pure titanium because of its great importance in industrial and medical applications. Studying the effect of changing laser power and welding speed on the metallurgical properties of pure titanium, and consequently its effect on the mechanical properties of welds.
{"title":"Effect of fibre laser welding parameters on the microstructure and weld geometry of commercially pure titanium","authors":"M. Abdulridha, A. Jilabi","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1395","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of the study was the metallurgical characterization of laser welds. The weldability of commercial production of pure titanium and titanium alloy (CP-Ti) has also been examined.\u0000\u0000In this research, the laser fibre method was used to weld sheets of pure titanium, and then microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the changes in the microstructure, the depth of weld penetration and the width of the weld area with changing welding parameters.\u0000\u0000The results proved that increasing the laser power significantly increases the depth of weld penetration and weld width. When the heat input is increased, the shape of the weld pool changes from a V shape to an hourglass shape. It was also observed that the depth of the crater formed increases with the increase in the laser power due to the increase in the melting and evaporation of the weld metal. Increasing the welding speed also has a negative impact on the weld geometry because it reduces the heat input and absorption of laser energy by the weld metal and thus reduces the melting of the metal. The microstructure of the fusion zone consists of acicular α. Fine grains formed in the weld centre at low heat input; the granules became columnar-like. Since commercially pure titanium contains a small amount of beta-phase stabilizers, the cooling rate is extremely high for martensite to occur.\u0000\u0000In the future, it is recommended to study the effect of changing welding parameters on the mechanical properties of pure titanium because of its great importance in industrial and medical applications.\u0000\u0000Studying the effect of changing laser power and welding speed on the metallurgical properties of pure titanium, and consequently its effect on the mechanical properties of welds.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43366212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1392
A. Arifuddin, A. Redhwan, A. M. Syafiq, S. Z. Zainal Ariffin, A. Aminullah, W. Azmi
This paper is to study the stability of the current combination of hybrid nano-cutting fluids due to the recent progress in the analysis of nano-cutting fluids, such as the assessment methods for the stability of nano-cutting fluids, have revealed that instability is a common problem associated with nano cutting fluids. Five samples of 0.001 vol% that are suitable to be tested at UV-Vis machine, Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid was prepared using a one-step process with the help of a magnetic stirrer to stir for 30 minutes with different sonication time to determine the best or optimum sonication time for this hybrid nano-cutting fluid. Stability of nano-cutting fluids was analyses using UV–Vis spectrophotometer (0.001%, 0.0001%, 0.00001%), visual sedimentation (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%), TEM photograph capturing techniques (2%) and zeta potential analysis (0.001%, 0.00001%), that used different volume concentration that is suitable for each type of stability analysis. The stability analysis reveals that the best sonication time is 90 minutes, and the UV-vis spectrophotometer shows the stability of all samples is above 80% during a month compared to the initial value. Further, visual sedimentation shows good stability with minimum sedimentation and colour separation only. The zeta potential value also shows great stability with a value of 37.6 mV. It is found that the hybrid nano-cutting fluid is stable for more than a month when the nano is suspended in the base fluid of conventional coolant. The result in this paper is based on the experimental study of Al2O3-TiO2/CNC coolant base hybrid nano-cutting fluid for a month. However, to further validate the results presented in this paper, it is recommended to prolong the stability assessment time for six months for longer shelf life. The finding of this experimental study can be useful for high-precision product machining using similar CNC coolants, especially for aircraft and airspace applications for machining parts. No thorough stability assessment using all four types of stability analysis is done on Al2O3-TiO2/CNC Coolant base hybrid nano cutting fluid.
{"title":"Stability analysis of hybrid Al2O3-TiO2 nano-cutting fluids","authors":"A. Arifuddin, A. Redhwan, A. M. Syafiq, S. Z. Zainal Ariffin, A. Aminullah, W. Azmi","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1392","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is to study the stability of the current combination of hybrid nano-cutting fluids due to the recent progress in the analysis of nano-cutting fluids, such as the assessment methods for the stability of nano-cutting fluids, have revealed that instability is a common problem associated with nano cutting fluids.\u0000\u0000Five samples of 0.001 vol% that are suitable to be tested at UV-Vis machine, Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid nano-cutting fluid was prepared using a one-step process with the help of a magnetic stirrer to stir for 30 minutes with different sonication time to determine the best or optimum sonication time for this hybrid nano-cutting fluid. Stability of nano-cutting fluids was analyses using UV–Vis spectrophotometer (0.001%, 0.0001%, 0.00001%), visual sedimentation (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%), TEM photograph capturing techniques (2%) and zeta potential analysis (0.001%, 0.00001%), that used different volume concentration that is suitable for each type of stability analysis.\u0000\u0000The stability analysis reveals that the best sonication time is 90 minutes, and the UV-vis spectrophotometer shows the stability of all samples is above 80% during a month compared to the initial value. Further, visual sedimentation shows good stability with minimum sedimentation and colour separation only. The zeta potential value also shows great stability with a value of 37.6 mV. It is found that the hybrid nano-cutting fluid is stable for more than a month when the nano is suspended in the base fluid of conventional coolant.\u0000\u0000The result in this paper is based on the experimental study of Al2O3-TiO2/CNC coolant base hybrid nano-cutting fluid for a month. However, to further validate the results presented in this paper, it is recommended to prolong the stability assessment time for six months for longer shelf life.\u0000\u0000The finding of this experimental study can be useful for high-precision product machining using similar CNC coolants, especially for aircraft and airspace applications for machining parts.\u0000\u0000No thorough stability assessment using all four types of stability analysis is done on Al2O3-TiO2/CNC Coolant base hybrid nano cutting fluid.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":8297,"journal":{"name":"Archives of materials science and engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48254254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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