Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146230
{"title":"Effects of different microalgae Botrycoccus sp. Beads concentrations on the growth and nutrients uptake in kitchen wastewater","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":"109 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146188
R. Yankova, L. DRenchev
The application of titanium alloys is limited due to their low surface hardness and wear resistance, especially for parts operating under friction and contact loads. one of the most widely used technologies for the thermochemical treatment of titanium alloys is gas nitriding. a new method in this direction is surface plasma gas nitriding using indirect arc plasmatrons operating in a chamber with a controlled nitrogen atmosphere. In the present work, the changes in the phase transformations, microstructure, and surface hardness of titanium alloy Ti-8al-1Mo-1v after plasma gas nitriding at the power of 18 kW, and 25 kW for a time between 5 and 30 minutes are studied. The plasma gas nitriding with the indirect plasmatron of the titanium alloy produced continuous surface layers. analysis of the surface showed the presence of Tin and Tio 2 . The thickness of the plasma gas nitrided layers ranges between 100 μm and 350 μm, depending on the technological parameters.
{"title":"Study on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V After Surface Plasma Nitriding","authors":"R. Yankova, L. DRenchev","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146188","url":null,"abstract":"The application of titanium alloys is limited due to their low surface hardness and wear resistance, especially for parts operating under friction and contact loads. one of the most widely used technologies for the thermochemical treatment of titanium alloys is gas nitriding. a new method in this direction is surface plasma gas nitriding using indirect arc plasmatrons operating in a chamber with a controlled nitrogen atmosphere. In the present work, the changes in the phase transformations, microstructure, and surface hardness of titanium alloy Ti-8al-1Mo-1v after plasma gas nitriding at the power of 18 kW, and 25 kW for a time between 5 and 30 minutes are studied. The plasma gas nitriding with the indirect plasmatron of the titanium alloy produced continuous surface layers. analysis of the surface showed the presence of Tin and Tio 2 . The thickness of the plasma gas nitrided layers ranges between 100 μm and 350 μm, depending on the technological parameters.","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146221
Weiwei Song, J. Pu, Jiang Di, Dong Qi, Hongfeng Wang
The aluminum alloy performance gradient plate was prepared by friction stir joining. analysis results of the macro morphology, microstructure, and hardness of the aluminum alloy performance gradient plate prepared under various parameters show that when the feed speed of the stirring tool is 250 mm/min, the downward pressure of the stirring tool is 6.6 mm, and the rotation speed of the stirring tool changes from 200 rpm to 800 rpm. The macroscopic morphology of the aluminum alloy gradient plates prepared by the method first changed from burr to smooth, and vice versa. There is a different cross-section morphology of the prepared aluminum alloy gradient plates, however, the aluminum alloy plates are stirred and involved with each other, and the grains of the prepared plates are refined. The hardness of the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy gradient sheet decreases, whereas that of the upper surface of the side increases, and that of the middle and bottom sides also decreases. However, the hardness of the middle side of the sheet prepared with the rotation speed of the stirring tool at 800 rpm increases, but that of the bottom side still decreases. obtained through analysis that the performance of the aluminum alloy gradient sheet prepared at the stirring tool rotation speed of 500 rpm increases in equal proportion to achieve a good performance gradient change.
{"title":"Analysis of the Microstructure and Hardness of Aluminum Alloy Gradient Plate Prepared by Friction Stir","authors":"Weiwei Song, J. Pu, Jiang Di, Dong Qi, Hongfeng Wang","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146221","url":null,"abstract":"The aluminum alloy performance gradient plate was prepared by friction stir joining. analysis results of the macro morphology, microstructure, and hardness of the aluminum alloy performance gradient plate prepared under various parameters show that when the feed speed of the stirring tool is 250 mm/min, the downward pressure of the stirring tool is 6.6 mm, and the rotation speed of the stirring tool changes from 200 rpm to 800 rpm. The macroscopic morphology of the aluminum alloy gradient plates prepared by the method first changed from burr to smooth, and vice versa. There is a different cross-section morphology of the prepared aluminum alloy gradient plates, however, the aluminum alloy plates are stirred and involved with each other, and the grains of the prepared plates are refined. The hardness of the upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy gradient sheet decreases, whereas that of the upper surface of the side increases, and that of the middle and bottom sides also decreases. However, the hardness of the middle side of the sheet prepared with the rotation speed of the stirring tool at 800 rpm increases, but that of the bottom side still decreases. obtained through analysis that the performance of the aluminum alloy gradient sheet prepared at the stirring tool rotation speed of 500 rpm increases in equal proportion to achieve a good performance gradient change.","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":" 90","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146225
{"title":"Properties of FeCuSnNi Sinters as Matrices of Metal-Diamond Composites","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146217
P. Palutkiewicz, kalwik, Jaruga
the injection moulding conditions may change the degree of crystallinity of the plastic to some extent, which affects the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness. Moreover, the cooling conditions of the moulded parts may contribute to changes in their shrinkage. the paper presents the results of determination of the melting enthalpy of a polypropylene. the melting enthalpy ∆ H m was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. it was found, that the value of the melting enthalpy depends on the physical conditions prevailing during the sample production process, such as the temperature of the liquid material, the cooling rate of the plastic (related to the mould temperature T m ) and the flow rate of the plastic in the mould. the degree of crystallinity of the obtained samples was also determined, which, depending on the measured enthalpy of fusion, influences the degree of structural order of the polymer. Standardized test samples were also analysed in terms of transversal shrinkage and longitudinal shrinkage. the shrinkage of the injection moulded parts results from the change of physical state of plastic during its solidification in the mould.
注塑条件会在一定程度上改变塑料的结晶度，从而影响拉伸强度和硬度等机械性能。本文介绍了聚丙烯熔化焓的测定结果。熔化焓 ∆ H m 是通过差示扫描量热法测定的。结果发现，熔化焓的值取决于样品生产过程中的物理条件，如液态材料的温度、塑料的冷却速度（与模具温度 T m 有关）以及塑料在模具中的流动速度。此外，还对标准测试样品的横向收缩率和纵向收缩率进行了分析。注塑件的收缩率是塑料在模具中凝固过程中物理状态变化的结果。
{"title":"The Influence of the Processing Conditions on Changes in Physical and Structural Properties of Injection Moulded Parts Made of Polypropylene","authors":"P. Palutkiewicz, kalwik, Jaruga","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146217","url":null,"abstract":"the injection moulding conditions may change the degree of crystallinity of the plastic to some extent, which affects the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness. Moreover, the cooling conditions of the moulded parts may contribute to changes in their shrinkage. the paper presents the results of determination of the melting enthalpy of a polypropylene. the melting enthalpy ∆ H m was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. it was found, that the value of the melting enthalpy depends on the physical conditions prevailing during the sample production process, such as the temperature of the liquid material, the cooling rate of the plastic (related to the mould temperature T m ) and the flow rate of the plastic in the mould. the degree of crystallinity of the obtained samples was also determined, which, depending on the measured enthalpy of fusion, influences the degree of structural order of the polymer. Standardized test samples were also analysed in terms of transversal shrinkage and longitudinal shrinkage. the shrinkage of the injection moulded parts results from the change of physical state of plastic during its solidification in the mould.","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":"107 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146204
Jia Liu, Jituo Liu, Xianhui Wang
the phase transformation dynamic and electrical conductivity equations of the aged Cu-2.7ti-2.5ni-0.8V alloy were established in this work. the microstructure evolution and precipitated phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (tEM). the mechanical properties were tested using a hardness testing machine and universal test machine, and the electrical conductivity was measured by the eddy conductivity gauge. the results show that niti intermetallic compounds are formed during the solidification, and these phases such as ni 3 ti and niV 3 are precipitated after aging treatment. the fracture morphology displays that a large number of shallow and equiaxed dimples occur on the tensile fracture, indicating a typical ductile fracture. after aging treatment at 450°C for 240 min, the hardness, tensile strength, elongation and electrical conductivity of the Cu-2.7ti-2.5ni-0.8V alloy are 184 hV, 459 MPa, 6.3% and 28.72% iaCS, respectively.
采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对微观结构的演变和析出相进行了表征；使用硬度试验机和万能试验机对机械性能进行了测试；使用电导率仪对电导率进行了测量。结果表明，在凝固过程中形成了 ni 金属间化合物，这些相（如 ni 3 ti 和 niV 3）在时效处理后析出。断口形态显示，拉伸断口上出现了大量浅而等轴的凹陷，表明这是典型的韧性断口。在 450°C 下时效处理 240 分钟后，Cu-2.7ti-2.5ni-0.8V 合金的硬度、抗拉强度、伸长率和导电率分别为 184 hV、459 MPa、6.3% 和 28.72%iaCS。
{"title":"Study on Phase Transformation Dynamics, Microstructure, and Properties of the Cu-2.7Ti-2.5Ni-0.8V Alloy","authors":"Jia Liu, Jituo Liu, Xianhui Wang","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146204","url":null,"abstract":"the phase transformation dynamic and electrical conductivity equations of the aged Cu-2.7ti-2.5ni-0.8V alloy were established in this work. the microstructure evolution and precipitated phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (tEM). the mechanical properties were tested using a hardness testing machine and universal test machine, and the electrical conductivity was measured by the eddy conductivity gauge. the results show that niti intermetallic compounds are formed during the solidification, and these phases such as ni 3 ti and niV 3 are precipitated after aging treatment. the fracture morphology displays that a large number of shallow and equiaxed dimples occur on the tensile fracture, indicating a typical ductile fracture. after aging treatment at 450°C for 240 min, the hardness, tensile strength, elongation and electrical conductivity of the Cu-2.7ti-2.5ni-0.8V alloy are 184 hV, 459 MPa, 6.3% and 28.72% iaCS, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146210
M. N. BaBa, G. D. VoiNea, M.e. Lucaci
This study analyses the three-point bending behavior of Nylon 12 (Pa12) specimens produced using two additive manufacturing technologies (i.e., fused filament fabrication and selective laser sintering). a Nylon 12 commercially available filament (from Fiberlab S.a.) was selected to employ the fused filament fabrication method (FFF) with a Prusa 3D desktop printer, whereas Nylon 12 sintering powder (from Formlabs inc.) was chosen for selective laser sintering (SLS) using a benchtop industrial SLS platform, Formlabs Fuse 1, with a powder refresh ratio of 30%. The bending strength and flexural elasticity moduli were determined by following iSo 178:2019 standard specifications to assess the effect of two different technologies on the mechanical behavior of three-point bending specimens produced in three distinct build orientations (i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°) relative to the printing platform. one-way aNoVa analysis, Tukey’s HSD, and Games-Howell tests are considered to assess the statistical variability of experimental data and compare the mean values of bending strength and flexural moduli. The testing results for the three orientations under question show notable differences and interesting similarities either in terms of strength or elasticity response for a significance p -level of 0.05.
{"title":"Three-Point Bending Response of Nylon 12 Obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Versus Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)","authors":"M. N. BaBa, G. D. VoiNea, M.e. Lucaci","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146210","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the three-point bending behavior of Nylon 12 (Pa12) specimens produced using two additive manufacturing technologies (i.e., fused filament fabrication and selective laser sintering). a Nylon 12 commercially available filament (from Fiberlab S.a.) was selected to employ the fused filament fabrication method (FFF) with a Prusa 3D desktop printer, whereas Nylon 12 sintering powder (from Formlabs inc.) was chosen for selective laser sintering (SLS) using a benchtop industrial SLS platform, Formlabs Fuse 1, with a powder refresh ratio of 30%. The bending strength and flexural elasticity moduli were determined by following iSo 178:2019 standard specifications to assess the effect of two different technologies on the mechanical behavior of three-point bending specimens produced in three distinct build orientations (i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°) relative to the printing platform. one-way aNoVa analysis, Tukey’s HSD, and Games-Howell tests are considered to assess the statistical variability of experimental data and compare the mean values of bending strength and flexural moduli. The testing results for the three orientations under question show notable differences and interesting similarities either in terms of strength or elasticity response for a significance p -level of 0.05.","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":" March","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146200
K.A.A. HAlim, J. E. KEnnEdy, A. A. M. SAllEH, A. F. OSmAn, .F. OmAr, M. SunAr
.
.
{"title":"Micromechanical Modeling of Polyamide 11 Nanocomposites Properties using Composite Theories","authors":"K.A.A. HAlim, J. E. KEnnEdy, A. A. M. SAllEH, A. F. OSmAn, .F. OmAr, M. SunAr","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146200","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146195
{"title":"Performance of Cement Sand Brick Containing Bamboo Ash as Cement Replacement Material","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146195","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":"117 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146192
Y. Xing, P. Han, X. Wang
The 0.05 mm-thick 304 stainless steel foil was annealed within the temperature range from 950℃-1100℃ for 10 minutes to obtain different microstructures. and micro-deep drawing experiments of stainless steel foils with different tissue structures were conducted to obtain relevant material forming properties influenced by dimensional effects. On this basis, the influence of the microstructure characteristics on the forming performance of 304 stainless steel foil and the quality of the cup formed by using micro-drawing was studied, and its mechanism was discussed. it can be seen from the results that the stainless steel foil annealed at 950℃ exhibits poor forming performance, and the wrinkle phenomenon of the deep-drawn cup is obvious. At the annealing temperature of 1050℃, the quality of the deep drawing cup is significantly improved. When the annealing temperature reaches 1100℃, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the crystal grains size increase sharply, and the coarse-grain effect causes the uneven plastic deformation effect to be obvious. Besides, the drawing quality is obviously deteriorated. The observation of the microstructure of the deep drawing cup shows that the forming effect of the drawing cup is poor due to the rolling defects and the coarse grain effect. The 304 stainless steel drawing cup annealed at 1050℃ enjoys the best forming effect.
{"title":"Research on Formability of 304 Stainless Steel Foil Micro-Deep Drawing","authors":"Y. Xing, P. Han, X. Wang","doi":"10.24425/amm.2023.146192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2023.146192","url":null,"abstract":"The 0.05 mm-thick 304 stainless steel foil was annealed within the temperature range from 950℃-1100℃ for 10 minutes to obtain different microstructures. and micro-deep drawing experiments of stainless steel foils with different tissue structures were conducted to obtain relevant material forming properties influenced by dimensional effects. On this basis, the influence of the microstructure characteristics on the forming performance of 304 stainless steel foil and the quality of the cup formed by using micro-drawing was studied, and its mechanism was discussed. it can be seen from the results that the stainless steel foil annealed at 950℃ exhibits poor forming performance, and the wrinkle phenomenon of the deep-drawn cup is obvious. At the annealing temperature of 1050℃, the quality of the deep drawing cup is significantly improved. When the annealing temperature reaches 1100℃, with the increase of the annealing temperature, the crystal grains size increase sharply, and the coarse-grain effect causes the uneven plastic deformation effect to be obvious. Besides, the drawing quality is obviously deteriorated. The observation of the microstructure of the deep drawing cup shows that the forming effect of the drawing cup is poor due to the rolling defects and the coarse grain effect. The 304 stainless steel drawing cup annealed at 1050℃ enjoys the best forming effect.","PeriodicalId":8304,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials","volume":"119 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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