{"title":"Embracing Protestantism: Black Identities in the Atlantic World by John W. Catron (review)","authors":"P. Bryan","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2018.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2018.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"16 1","pages":"105 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75469168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Marcus Garvey's the Black Star Line (BSL) was a steamship company completely owned, operated, and financed by people of African descent. Using the S.S. Yarmouth's (the Black Star Line's first ship) voyages as an example, this article analyses the feasibility of the BSL. The Black Star Line would have succeeded if trust had been placed in businessmen knowledgeable in the shipping industry, if profit had been placed over publicity, and if Garvey's popularity had been capitalized on financially. Regarding the functioning of the company, the role of the Federal Government and the Yarmouth's captain, Joshua Cockburn, are addressed. This article also highlights the BSL's reception across the globe. By documenting the hearty responses of Garvey's followers at individual meetings and the S.S. Yarmouth's voyages, one grasps the enormity of the Black Star Line's influence and potential for profit through stock-selling and commercial prospects.
{"title":"Marcus Garvey's The Black Star Line: Hopes, Dreams, and the S.S. Yarmouth","authors":"B. Hancock","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2018.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2018.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Marcus Garvey's the Black Star Line (BSL) was a steamship company completely owned, operated, and financed by people of African descent. Using the S.S. Yarmouth's (the Black Star Line's first ship) voyages as an example, this article analyses the feasibility of the BSL. The Black Star Line would have succeeded if trust had been placed in businessmen knowledgeable in the shipping industry, if profit had been placed over publicity, and if Garvey's popularity had been capitalized on financially. Regarding the functioning of the company, the role of the Federal Government and the Yarmouth's captain, Joshua Cockburn, are addressed. This article also highlights the BSL's reception across the globe. By documenting the hearty responses of Garvey's followers at individual meetings and the S.S. Yarmouth's voyages, one grasps the enormity of the Black Star Line's influence and potential for profit through stock-selling and commercial prospects.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"31 1","pages":"104 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87898401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:An analysis of the historical records of the Haitian Etat Civil, shows how rural Haitian women strategically presented themselves within Haitian law and bureaucracy in order to access legal personhood, citizenship and property ownership both for themselves and their families. Based on new archival research, the article further extends our knowledge of rural Haitian society in the nineteenth century, locating Haiti within the context of the historiography of the Caribbean in the post-slavery period.
{"title":"Between Sovereignty and Belonging: Women’s Legal Testimonies in Nineteenth-Century Haiti","authors":"W. Schneider","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2018.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2018.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:An analysis of the historical records of the Haitian Etat Civil, shows how rural Haitian women strategically presented themselves within Haitian law and bureaucracy in order to access legal personhood, citizenship and property ownership both for themselves and their families. Based on new archival research, the article further extends our knowledge of rural Haitian society in the nineteenth century, locating Haiti within the context of the historiography of the Caribbean in the post-slavery period.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"70 1","pages":"117 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73670268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Scholars are intrigued by postmortem rituals, since these provide insights into how past societies confronted death and dying. Although postmortem rituals sought to ensure the passage of the soul to the afterlife, they also had a social component that reflected the position of the deceased and their family within the community. As part of the Bourbon reforms, religious authorities throughout the Spanish Caribbean sought to curb splendorous displays, particularly in funerary rites and burial customs. We know very little about the impact of these reforms in peripheral areas such as Puerto Rico. For instance, did fewer people receive the last rites as happened in other parts of the Americas? If so, was the decline related solely to religious changes or to demographic and socioeconomic changes as well? New sensibilities about death also emerged in the eighteenth century, reflected in the growing popularity of coffined burials, but religious authorities opposed this development. On what grounds did they object and what were the implications of their objections for the faithful? How were postmortem rituals shaped and influenced by religious beliefs and social functions? The answers to these questions build upon our knowledge of spiritual practices and rituals associated with death and dying in the colonial Spanish Caribbean.
{"title":"Failure to Show Reverence to the Dead: Death and Dying in Late Eighteenth-Century Mayagüez, Puerto Rico","authors":"D. Stark","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Scholars are intrigued by postmortem rituals, since these provide insights into how past societies confronted death and dying. Although postmortem rituals sought to ensure the passage of the soul to the afterlife, they also had a social component that reflected the position of the deceased and their family within the community. As part of the Bourbon reforms, religious authorities throughout the Spanish Caribbean sought to curb splendorous displays, particularly in funerary rites and burial customs. We know very little about the impact of these reforms in peripheral areas such as Puerto Rico. For instance, did fewer people receive the last rites as happened in other parts of the Americas? If so, was the decline related solely to religious changes or to demographic and socioeconomic changes as well? New sensibilities about death also emerged in the eighteenth century, reflected in the growing popularity of coffined burials, but religious authorities opposed this development. On what grounds did they object and what were the implications of their objections for the faithful? How were postmortem rituals shaped and influenced by religious beliefs and social functions? The answers to these questions build upon our knowledge of spiritual practices and rituals associated with death and dying in the colonial Spanish Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"162 1","pages":"113 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80234557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building a Nation: Caribbean Federation in the Black Diaspora by Eric Duke (review)","authors":"C. Campbell","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"234 3","pages":"105 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JCH.2017.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72456137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
by Édouard Glissant. That “all the Americas contain microcultures, where pidgin becomes creole, where creoles return to pidgin ways, where languages are emerging or dying, where the old and rigid sense of identity is confronting the new and open way of creolization.”1 The concept of creolization is ambiguous and precarious, an often-debated phenomenon in discourses of slavery and the Atlantic World. We have come to understand creolization in terms of the early modern Atlantic, as the cultures of Africa, Europe and Indigenous America merged to form new world societies and temporalities. But the process is ongoing; an evolutionary phenomenon that is an extension of the torturous sugar cane fields and the portentous slums, and for one scholar of performance studies, Emily Sahakian, the theatrical stage. In her book, Staging Creolization: Women’s Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean, Sahakian examines seven plays, written during the 1980s and ’90s, by Ina Césaire, Maryse Condé, Gerty Dambury and Simone Schwartz-Bart. The University of Georgia professor draws upon Francois Vergés’ interpretation of creolization: that the phenomenon, at its core, is a process of interdependent exchanges which continuously occur in the “zones of conflict and contact”. Moreover, these processes are the “harbingers of an ongoing ethics of sharing the world” (205). When applied to performance studies, Sahakian contends creolization encompasses the process of cultural reinvention which is inclusive of “theatrical, cultural and epistemological transformation through mixing, juxtaposition, contradiction and conflict” (2–3). Furthermore, these processes are an extension of the historical legacies of slavery and colonialism. Through her examination of the plays by the aforementioned French Caribbean women playwrights, Sahakian suggests creolization, when found in Sahakian, Emily. Staging Creolization: Women’s Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2017, 6 × 9, 296 pp., US$35.00, paperback. ISBN 9780813940083.
{"title":"Staging Creolization: Women’s Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean by Emily Sahakian (review)","authors":"Sherri V. Cummings","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2018.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2018.0014","url":null,"abstract":"by Édouard Glissant. That “all the Americas contain microcultures, where pidgin becomes creole, where creoles return to pidgin ways, where languages are emerging or dying, where the old and rigid sense of identity is confronting the new and open way of creolization.”1 The concept of creolization is ambiguous and precarious, an often-debated phenomenon in discourses of slavery and the Atlantic World. We have come to understand creolization in terms of the early modern Atlantic, as the cultures of Africa, Europe and Indigenous America merged to form new world societies and temporalities. But the process is ongoing; an evolutionary phenomenon that is an extension of the torturous sugar cane fields and the portentous slums, and for one scholar of performance studies, Emily Sahakian, the theatrical stage. In her book, Staging Creolization: Women’s Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean, Sahakian examines seven plays, written during the 1980s and ’90s, by Ina Césaire, Maryse Condé, Gerty Dambury and Simone Schwartz-Bart. The University of Georgia professor draws upon Francois Vergés’ interpretation of creolization: that the phenomenon, at its core, is a process of interdependent exchanges which continuously occur in the “zones of conflict and contact”. Moreover, these processes are the “harbingers of an ongoing ethics of sharing the world” (205). When applied to performance studies, Sahakian contends creolization encompasses the process of cultural reinvention which is inclusive of “theatrical, cultural and epistemological transformation through mixing, juxtaposition, contradiction and conflict” (2–3). Furthermore, these processes are an extension of the historical legacies of slavery and colonialism. Through her examination of the plays by the aforementioned French Caribbean women playwrights, Sahakian suggests creolization, when found in Sahakian, Emily. Staging Creolization: Women’s Theater and Performance from the French Caribbean. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2017, 6 × 9, 296 pp., US$35.00, paperback. ISBN 9780813940083.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"651 1","pages":"224 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76836414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some places like Jamaica and Trinidad are fairly well researched, but even they suffer from some significant period gaps. On the other hand, the Bahamas is among the least researched areas of the region; but Gail Saunders stands out as the researcher who has made the greatest contribution to the small body of its history writing. Her Race and Class in the Colonial Bahamas 1880–1960 adds to this, and it is certainly her most important and comprehensive published work. Several reasons account for why the Bahamas has not attracted greater attention from historians. It is remote from the rest of the former British Caribbean colonies, and Bahamians themselves are ambivalent about their “Caribbean identity”. Saunders occasionally echoes that ambivalence when, as for instance on page 145 (and other places), she seems to suggest that the Bahamas and the British West Indies are two different entities. The Bahamas was also not a typical sugar or coffee plantation (or commercial) colony like most of the others in the region, and its status as just a small, impoverished, unimportant outpost of British imperialism in the western hemisphere hardly recommended it as a place worthy of serious study. Additionally, the multiple islands comprising the Bahamas make it very challenging to research and write comprehensive historical studies of the whole archipelago. Saunders’ new book, however, goes a long way toward debunking much of the above. She shows that although the Bahamas may have developed differently from its regional “neighbours”, that very difference is potentially of major analytical significance in Caribbean historiography. For a start, the book demonstrates that the economy of the region as a whole was more diverse than just a narrow focus on the plantation complex; and, likewise, though the social and cultural configurations were in some ways similar (white and black brought together Gail Saunders. Race and Class in the Colonial Bahamas 1880–1960. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2016. xi + 372 pp.
{"title":"Race and Class in the Colonial Bahamas 1880–1960 by Gail Saunders (review)","authors":"B. Moore","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Some places like Jamaica and Trinidad are fairly well researched, but even they suffer from some significant period gaps. On the other hand, the Bahamas is among the least researched areas of the region; but Gail Saunders stands out as the researcher who has made the greatest contribution to the small body of its history writing. Her Race and Class in the Colonial Bahamas 1880–1960 adds to this, and it is certainly her most important and comprehensive published work. Several reasons account for why the Bahamas has not attracted greater attention from historians. It is remote from the rest of the former British Caribbean colonies, and Bahamians themselves are ambivalent about their “Caribbean identity”. Saunders occasionally echoes that ambivalence when, as for instance on page 145 (and other places), she seems to suggest that the Bahamas and the British West Indies are two different entities. The Bahamas was also not a typical sugar or coffee plantation (or commercial) colony like most of the others in the region, and its status as just a small, impoverished, unimportant outpost of British imperialism in the western hemisphere hardly recommended it as a place worthy of serious study. Additionally, the multiple islands comprising the Bahamas make it very challenging to research and write comprehensive historical studies of the whole archipelago. Saunders’ new book, however, goes a long way toward debunking much of the above. She shows that although the Bahamas may have developed differently from its regional “neighbours”, that very difference is potentially of major analytical significance in Caribbean historiography. For a start, the book demonstrates that the economy of the region as a whole was more diverse than just a narrow focus on the plantation complex; and, likewise, though the social and cultural configurations were in some ways similar (white and black brought together Gail Saunders. Race and Class in the Colonial Bahamas 1880–1960. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2016. xi + 372 pp.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"51 1","pages":"199 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76244465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives on the Grenada Revolution, 1979–1983 ed. by Nicole Phillip-Dowe and John Angus Martin (review)","authors":"R. Sierakowski","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"85 1","pages":"203 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83104949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:After the first Masonic lodge formed in Jamaica in 1739, Freemasonry rose to a brief period of success in the colony in the 1770s. Kingston saw a proliferation of Masonic lodges, allowing for complex social stratification along class and ethnic lines. Nonetheless, the organization was hampered by high rates of mortality, causing leadership crises and the collapse of most lodges by 1815. Whereas recent scholarship on eighteenth-century white Jamaicans tends to focus on the colonists' cultivation of "Englishness", the rise of Freemasonry illustrates the Euro-Jamaican colonists' desire to form social networks and identities outside of national boundaries.
{"title":"\"What Virtue Unites, Death Cannot Separate\": The Trials of Early Freemasonry in Jamaica, 1739–1800","authors":"S. Biagetti","doi":"10.1353/JCH.2017.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JCH.2017.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:After the first Masonic lodge formed in Jamaica in 1739, Freemasonry rose to a brief period of success in the colony in the 1770s. Kingston saw a proliferation of Masonic lodges, allowing for complex social stratification along class and ethnic lines. Nonetheless, the organization was hampered by high rates of mortality, causing leadership crises and the collapse of most lodges by 1815. Whereas recent scholarship on eighteenth-century white Jamaicans tends to focus on the colonists' cultivation of \"Englishness\", the rise of Freemasonry illustrates the Euro-Jamaican colonists' desire to form social networks and identities outside of national boundaries.","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89099224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Politics of Reproduction: Race, Medicine, and Fertility in the Age of Abolition by Katherine Paugh (review)","authors":"Verene A. Shepherd","doi":"10.1353/jch.2017.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2017.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83090,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Caribbean history","volume":"114 1","pages":"197 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86905283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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