Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.271710.1160
Mariam Fouad, Mariane Tadros, Haidy Michel
Depression is a common serious mood disorder, which spreads all over the world and is the leading cause of disability. It is mainly characterized by a loss of interest and hope in life. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of depression remains incompletely understood. So understanding the pathophysiology of depression is crucial to developing effective treatment strategies, which helps in the improvement of the patient’s quality of life and prevents the recurrence. In this review, different mechanisms contributing to the onset, progression, and persistence of depressive symptoms are explained; such as neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as neuroinflammation, endocrine disturbances, genetic predisposition, neurostructural changes, Glutamatergic and GABAergic alterations, and finally circadian rhythm disturbances. All these mechanisms were found to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression but unfortunately, it varies between patients, so further studies are required to know much more about the intricate mechanisms and thus develop novel treatments that can make a breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of depression.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Pathophysiology of Depression","authors":"Mariam Fouad, Mariane Tadros, Haidy Michel","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.271710.1160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.271710.1160","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a common serious mood disorder, which spreads all over the world and is the leading cause of disability. It is mainly characterized by a loss of interest and hope in life. Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of depression remains incompletely understood. So understanding the pathophysiology of depression is crucial to developing effective treatment strategies, which helps in the improvement of the patient’s quality of life and prevents the recurrence. In this review, different mechanisms contributing to the onset, progression, and persistence of depressive symptoms are explained; such as neurotransmitter imbalances, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as neuroinflammation, endocrine disturbances, genetic predisposition, neurostructural changes, Glutamatergic and GABAergic alterations, and finally circadian rhythm disturbances. All these mechanisms were found to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression but unfortunately, it varies between patients, so further studies are required to know much more about the intricate mechanisms and thus develop novel treatments that can make a breakthrough in the treatment and prevention of depression.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.260718.1154
Nada K. Gamal, Reem Elnaga, Mina Y. George
The introduction of combination chemotherapy raised the survival rate of cancer patients. However, it is associated with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, often referred to as "chemobrain", which is a distressing adverse effect of cancer treatment. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, two widely used chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various malignancies, have been shown to induce cognitive dysfunction. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the chemobrain induced by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide combination therapy, shedding light on oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown that chemobrain is associated with activated inflammation and oxidative damage in the hippocampus. We also delve into the molecular pathways activated by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways, which are implicated in cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, this article explores protective approaches, including antioxidants like L-Carnitine, polyphenolic-rich compounds from Thunbergia erecta , and N-acetylcysteine, offering potential solutions for alleviating doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced chemobrain. Notably, these protective agents, although promising in pre-clinical models, await clinical investigation. Therefore, there is a gap in data to support the application of any neuroprotective medication in a clinical context. Thus, clinical trials are necessary to assess their therapeutic potential. In conclusion, this review integrates data from diverse studies to elucidate the mechanisms and suggests potential protective strategies, offering insights for researchers seeking to alleviate cognitive challenges in doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-treated cancer patients.
{"title":"Mechanisms and Protective Strategies in Cognitive Impairment Induced by Combination of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide","authors":"Nada K. Gamal, Reem Elnaga, Mina Y. George","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.260718.1154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.260718.1154","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of combination chemotherapy raised the survival rate of cancer patients. However, it is associated with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, often referred to as \"chemobrain\", which is a distressing adverse effect of cancer treatment. Doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, two widely used chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of various malignancies, have been shown to induce cognitive dysfunction. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the chemobrain induced by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide combination therapy, shedding light on oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown that chemobrain is associated with activated inflammation and oxidative damage in the hippocampus. We also delve into the molecular pathways activated by doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways, which are implicated in cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, this article explores protective approaches, including antioxidants like L-Carnitine, polyphenolic-rich compounds from Thunbergia erecta , and N-acetylcysteine, offering potential solutions for alleviating doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-induced chemobrain. Notably, these protective agents, although promising in pre-clinical models, await clinical investigation. Therefore, there is a gap in data to support the application of any neuroprotective medication in a clinical context. Thus, clinical trials are necessary to assess their therapeutic potential. In conclusion, this review integrates data from diverse studies to elucidate the mechanisms and suggests potential protective strategies, offering insights for researchers seeking to alleviate cognitive challenges in doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide-treated cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.266919.1157
MennatALlah Hassan, Sara Wahdan, Reem Elnaga, T. Abdelghany, Ebtehal El-Demerdash Zaki
Cancer is a chief burden of disease all over the world and is perceived as a terrifying and uncurable illness that implies death. Chemotherapy is one of the most common therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. The effectiveness of chemotherapy led to a great elevation in survival rates of cancer patients with different types of cancer. Chemobrain is a group of symptoms showing reversible or irreversible cognitive decline, which a subset of adult, non-CNS cancer patients complain of as a direct consequence of chemotherapy. Several studies were conducted to investigate the possible chemotherapeutic agents that may precipitate chemobrain and their possible underlying pathways and mechanisms of action. In this review, we were interested in providing an insight into chemobrain, the possible mechanistic pathways of chemobrain-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs, the possible neuroprotective agents, diagnostic methods, the possible management methods, and the possible neuroprotective agent. The data of this review were based on review articles, books, and original articles obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier.
{"title":"Chemobrain: Insight the possible mechanisms of action induced by chemotherapeutic agents.","authors":"MennatALlah Hassan, Sara Wahdan, Reem Elnaga, T. Abdelghany, Ebtehal El-Demerdash Zaki","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.266919.1157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.266919.1157","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a chief burden of disease all over the world and is perceived as a terrifying and uncurable illness that implies death. Chemotherapy is one of the most common therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment. The effectiveness of chemotherapy led to a great elevation in survival rates of cancer patients with different types of cancer. Chemobrain is a group of symptoms showing reversible or irreversible cognitive decline, which a subset of adult, non-CNS cancer patients complain of as a direct consequence of chemotherapy. Several studies were conducted to investigate the possible chemotherapeutic agents that may precipitate chemobrain and their possible underlying pathways and mechanisms of action. In this review, we were interested in providing an insight into chemobrain, the possible mechanistic pathways of chemobrain-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs, the possible neuroprotective agents, diagnostic methods, the possible management methods, and the possible neuroprotective agent. The data of this review were based on review articles, books, and original articles obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elsevier.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.264592.1156
A. Ismail, A. Elissawy, Haidy Gad, Abdel-Nasser Singab
{"title":"Unearthing the Potential Secondary Metabolites Isolated from the Fungus Aspergillus flocculosus : A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"A. Ismail, A. Elissawy, Haidy Gad, Abdel-Nasser Singab","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.264592.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.264592.1156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.280919.1167
Yomna Elkoly, Sherif Abdel-All, Masarra M. Sakr
{"title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities of Peltophorum africanum leaf methanolic extract","authors":"Yomna Elkoly, Sherif Abdel-All, Masarra M. Sakr","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.280919.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.280919.1167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.274192.1161
Nadine Wafik, Mai Jaballah, Rabah A T Serya, Khaled Abouzid
.
.
{"title":"Advances in non-Hydroxamate based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents","authors":"Nadine Wafik, Mai Jaballah, Rabah A T Serya, Khaled Abouzid","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.274192.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.274192.1161","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.267337.1158
Mohamed Hosny, Mohammad Aboulwafa, Mostafa Elnakib, Sarra Saleh
Electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequencies are present in all aspects of everyday life which include (electrical transmission and power cables, common household appliances, and communication gadgets) influence various biological processes and their potential effects on bacteria have been a subject of debate. The effect of ELF-EMF on bacterial growth, cellular function, antibiotic susceptibility, and bacterial DNA in addition to the possible uses of ELF-EMF in improving the treatment of infectious diseases, sterilization, and other medical/industrial applications increased interest in studying ELF-EMF. Different studies showed that the effect of ELF-EMFs using short/long term exposure durations can reduce bacterial cell activity, and growth and even induce mutations in bacterial genome, therefore, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field has attracted attention to be used as a promising alternative or adjuvant in combating multi-drug resistant pathogens. Accordingly, the present review will concentrate on the effects of the waves of electromagnetic field with extremely low frequency on different bacterial organisms to highlight the promising application of ELF-EMF as an alternative/adjuvant against pathogenic bacteria.
极低频电磁场存在于日常生活的方方面面，包括（输电和电力电缆、普通家用电器和通信小工具）影响各种生物过程，其对细菌的潜在影响一直是争论的话题。ELF-EMF 对细菌生长、细胞功能、抗生素敏感性和细菌 DNA 的影响，以及 ELF-EMF 在改善传染病治疗、杀菌和其他医疗/工业应用方面的可能用途，增加了研究 ELF-EMF 的兴趣。不同的研究表明，长短期暴露于极低频电磁场的影响可以降低细菌细胞的活性和生长，甚至诱发细菌基因组的突变。因此，本综述将集中讨论极低频电磁场波对不同细菌生物体的影响，以突出说明极低频电磁场作为抗病原细菌替代品/佐剂的应用前景。
{"title":"Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) as a promising tool for treatment against multi-drug resistant bacteria","authors":"Mohamed Hosny, Mohammad Aboulwafa, Mostafa Elnakib, Sarra Saleh","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.267337.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.267337.1158","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequencies are present in all aspects of everyday life which include (electrical transmission and power cables, common household appliances, and communication gadgets) influence various biological processes and their potential effects on bacteria have been a subject of debate. The effect of ELF-EMF on bacterial growth, cellular function, antibiotic susceptibility, and bacterial DNA in addition to the possible uses of ELF-EMF in improving the treatment of infectious diseases, sterilization, and other medical/industrial applications increased interest in studying ELF-EMF. Different studies showed that the effect of ELF-EMFs using short/long term exposure durations can reduce bacterial cell activity, and growth and even induce mutations in bacterial genome, therefore, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field has attracted attention to be used as a promising alternative or adjuvant in combating multi-drug resistant pathogens. Accordingly, the present review will concentrate on the effects of the waves of electromagnetic field with extremely low frequency on different bacterial organisms to highlight the promising application of ELF-EMF as an alternative/adjuvant against pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luteolin, a flavone abundant in various plant-based foods, presents a multifaceted pharmacological profile with promising therapeutic implications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacokinetics of luteolin, elucidating its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties. Additionally, the protective mechanisms of luteolin are presented, encompassing its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties, which have been demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, the review explores the impact of luteolin on diverse disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and liver and kidney diseases. In addition, the synergistic effects of luteolin with conventional chemotherapeutic agents are discussed, shedding light on its potential in cancer therapy. Furthermore, we provide insights into ongoing clinical studies, emphasizing the need for more rigorous investigation to validate the therapeutic benefits of luteolin in human populations. Overall, luteolin emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate, warranting further research to unlock its full therapeutic potential and facilitate its clinical application in various disease contexts.
{"title":"The Protective Properties of Luteolin: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Rasha Abdrabou, Rania Salama, Reem El-Naga, Samar Azab","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.278247.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.278247.1164","url":null,"abstract":"Luteolin, a flavone abundant in various plant-based foods, presents a multifaceted pharmacological profile with promising therapeutic implications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacokinetics of luteolin, elucidating its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties. Additionally, the protective mechanisms of luteolin are presented, encompassing its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties, which have been demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, the review explores the impact of luteolin on diverse disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and liver and kidney diseases. In addition, the synergistic effects of luteolin with conventional chemotherapeutic agents are discussed, shedding light on its potential in cancer therapy. Furthermore, we provide insights into ongoing clinical studies, emphasizing the need for more rigorous investigation to validate the therapeutic benefits of luteolin in human populations. Overall, luteolin emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate, warranting further research to unlock its full therapeutic potential and facilitate its clinical application in various disease contexts.","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.252694.1150
sara mohamed elmenshawy, Mohamed Ahmed Abdelsalam, Tarek El Nagdy, Mohamed Elgohary, Nagwa Sabri, Amal Elkhouly
.
.
{"title":"Different Therapeutic Modalities for management of COVID-19","authors":"sara mohamed elmenshawy, Mohamed Ahmed Abdelsalam, Tarek El Nagdy, Mohamed Elgohary, Nagwa Sabri, Amal Elkhouly","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.252694.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.252694.1150","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-18DOI: 10.21608/aps.2024.268453.1159
Menna Shabana, Azza Salamony, N. Elleboudy, Khaled Aboshanab
{"title":"Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus: Epidemiology, Types, Global Response and Future Prospectives","authors":"Menna Shabana, Azza Salamony, N. Elleboudy, Khaled Aboshanab","doi":"10.21608/aps.2024.268453.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/aps.2024.268453.1159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8314,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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