Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23300841.68.3.14
Jack J. B. Hutchens
{"title":"Poetyckie podwojenie: Marian Pankowski—polski poeta języka francuskiego / Dédoublement poétique: Marian Pankowski—poète polonais de langue française [A poetic doubling: Marian Pankowski—a Polish poet of the French language]","authors":"Jack J. B. Hutchens","doi":"10.5406/23300841.68.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83231,"journal":{"name":"The Polish review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43772653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23300841.68.3.01
Victoria I. Buyanovskaya
This paper addresses the “regressive” temporality of melancholic memory that developed cross-culturally within the modern, predominantly progress-oriented time-consciousness. Outlining the theoretical—Freudian and post-Freudian—perspective on melancholia, this essay continues with a case study of a text that embodies a particularly “regressive” response to a personal loss, Bruno Schulz's short story “Sanatorium pod klepsydrą” [Sanatorium under the sign of the hourglass, 1937]. My reading of this short story will be structured around the narrator's “trick” of turning back time, motivated by his willingness to keep the memory of his lost loved one, his father, alive. For Freud, such a “trick” indicates the failure to mourn, which results in the pathologic condition of melancholia. I will argue, however, that the narrator deliberately refuses to “work through” his grief because it is precisely through this circular and infinite regression that he explores his creative abilities and shapes his fluid modernist self. My analysis is particularly focused on the dynamic boundaries between the “real” and imaginary spaces that the narrator constructs, balancing and at the same time de-stabilizing the notions of separation and encounter, distance and immersion, determinacy and freedom. As I will show, through this process the narrator finds himself in between two realities, in a point of suspension, which becomes the only possible position or, rather, condition for modernist, hyper-reflexive writing.
本文论述了忧郁症记忆的“退行性”时间性，这种记忆在现代主要以进步为导向的时间意识中跨文化发展。本文概述了理论弗洛伊德和后弗洛伊德对忧郁症的看法，并继续对布鲁诺·舒尔茨(Bruno Schulz)的短篇小说《沙漏标志下的疗养院》(Sanatorium pod klepsydrze)的一个文本进行案例研究，该文本体现了对个人损失的一种特别“倒退”的反应。我对这篇短篇小说的阅读将围绕叙述者让时间倒流的“技巧”展开，他的动机是愿意让他对失去的亲人——他的父亲——保持记忆。对弗洛伊德来说，这样的“诡计”表明哀悼的失败，这导致了忧郁症的病理状态。然而，我认为叙述者故意拒绝“克服”他的悲伤，因为正是通过这种循环和无限的回归，他探索了他的创造能力，塑造了他流畅的现代主义自我。我的分析特别关注叙述者构建的“真实”和想象空间之间的动态边界，平衡并同时破坏分离和相遇、距离和沉浸、确定性和自由的概念。正如我将展示的，通过这个过程，叙述者发现自己处于两个现实之间，处于一个悬空的点，这成为现代主义，超反思写作的唯一可能的位置或条件。
{"title":"Turning Back Time to Keep Writing","authors":"Victoria I. Buyanovskaya","doi":"10.5406/23300841.68.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper addresses the “regressive” temporality of melancholic memory that developed cross-culturally within the modern, predominantly progress-oriented time-consciousness. Outlining the theoretical—Freudian and post-Freudian—perspective on melancholia, this essay continues with a case study of a text that embodies a particularly “regressive” response to a personal loss, Bruno Schulz's short story “Sanatorium pod klepsydrą” [Sanatorium under the sign of the hourglass, 1937]. My reading of this short story will be structured around the narrator's “trick” of turning back time, motivated by his willingness to keep the memory of his lost loved one, his father, alive. For Freud, such a “trick” indicates the failure to mourn, which results in the pathologic condition of melancholia. I will argue, however, that the narrator deliberately refuses to “work through” his grief because it is precisely through this circular and infinite regression that he explores his creative abilities and shapes his fluid modernist self. My analysis is particularly focused on the dynamic boundaries between the “real” and imaginary spaces that the narrator constructs, balancing and at the same time de-stabilizing the notions of separation and encounter, distance and immersion, determinacy and freedom. As I will show, through this process the narrator finds himself in between two realities, in a point of suspension, which becomes the only possible position or, rather, condition for modernist, hyper-reflexive writing.","PeriodicalId":83231,"journal":{"name":"The Polish review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44623878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23300841.68.3.12
T. Frydel
{"title":"Warsaw Ghetto Police: The Jewish Order Service during the Nazi Occupation","authors":"T. Frydel","doi":"10.5406/23300841.68.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83231,"journal":{"name":"The Polish review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23300841.68.3.16
B. Karwowska
{"title":"Wiek teorii: Sto lat nowoczesnego literaturoznawstwa polskiego [The age of theory: 100 years of modern Polish literary scholarship]","authors":"B. Karwowska","doi":"10.5406/23300841.68.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83231,"journal":{"name":"The Polish review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47762392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.5406/23300841.68.3.08
Ewa Głażewska
The analysis of cultural texts, especially in the context of Polish stereotypes, is a fascinating research endeavor, which was undertaken by Małgorzata Karwatowska and Leszek Tymiakin in their book Wśród stereotypów i tekstów kultury. Studia lingwistyczne [Amidst stereotypes and texts of culture. Linguistic studies]. Both authors are renowned linguistic scholars in Poland from Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, and for years they have been researching the issues raised in the book.The book consists of two major parts: “Reflections on the stereotypes perpetuated in jokes” and “Sketches on cultural texts.” Although the authors address two seemingly disparate topics, cultural texts, that is, any products of culture that carry cultural meanings, are the unifying thread that weaves throughout the entire book.The first part of the book, written by Małgorzata Karwatowska, is a discussion of stereotypes that are most apparent in Polish jokes. The study of jokes that are ridden with stereotypes is not only a captivating research task, but it can be treated as a kind of attempt to decipher encrypted meanings that need to be explained and properly interpreted. A joke reflects a certain collective wisdom; it embodies shared norms and beliefs, thus creating a community of laughter.1 This community, on the one hand, binds a given group together, and on the other hand, it can exclude, perpetuating prejudice and hatred within the entrenched dichotomy of “Self/Other.”2 This dual nature of a joke was aptly described by Tomasz Titkow, who concluded that “in truth a joke is a clown, but its other face is, in fact [. . .] a trickster playing a refined and enthralling game, being a master of ciphers and indirect language.”3We find an explanation of the linguistic arcana and meanderings of this intriguing game, in relation to stereotypes, in the introductory chapter of the book. Karwatowska, in an in-depth and well-grounded discussion, elucidates the dual structure of a joke, as well as the polysemantic nature of stereotypes and the multiple ways of defining the term. Moreover, this section of the book provides an excellent theoretical foundation for further analysis. She reviews several types of stereotypes conditioned by social environment, and these are: educational stereotypes (teacher and student); medical stereotypes (doctor and patient); and family stereotypes (wife and father). In short, what emerges from these analyses are specific “pictures in our heads,” as Walter Lippmann defined the concept of a stereotype.Karwatowska bases her analysis of stereotypes perpetuated in jokes on rich empirical materials drawn both from Internet sources (250 jokes derived from each of the above-mentioned categories of stereotypes), as well as on a survey conducted among 100 students from Lublin.This raises the question: what “pictures” emerge from the examples of jokes which were analyzed? Educational jokes are dominated by specific targeted aspects of the teacher's p
{"title":"Pictures in Our Heads","authors":"Ewa Głażewska","doi":"10.5406/23300841.68.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of cultural texts, especially in the context of Polish stereotypes, is a fascinating research endeavor, which was undertaken by Małgorzata Karwatowska and Leszek Tymiakin in their book Wśród stereotypów i tekstów kultury. Studia lingwistyczne [Amidst stereotypes and texts of culture. Linguistic studies]. Both authors are renowned linguistic scholars in Poland from Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, and for years they have been researching the issues raised in the book.The book consists of two major parts: “Reflections on the stereotypes perpetuated in jokes” and “Sketches on cultural texts.” Although the authors address two seemingly disparate topics, cultural texts, that is, any products of culture that carry cultural meanings, are the unifying thread that weaves throughout the entire book.The first part of the book, written by Małgorzata Karwatowska, is a discussion of stereotypes that are most apparent in Polish jokes. The study of jokes that are ridden with stereotypes is not only a captivating research task, but it can be treated as a kind of attempt to decipher encrypted meanings that need to be explained and properly interpreted. A joke reflects a certain collective wisdom; it embodies shared norms and beliefs, thus creating a community of laughter.1 This community, on the one hand, binds a given group together, and on the other hand, it can exclude, perpetuating prejudice and hatred within the entrenched dichotomy of “Self/Other.”2 This dual nature of a joke was aptly described by Tomasz Titkow, who concluded that “in truth a joke is a clown, but its other face is, in fact [. . .] a trickster playing a refined and enthralling game, being a master of ciphers and indirect language.”3We find an explanation of the linguistic arcana and meanderings of this intriguing game, in relation to stereotypes, in the introductory chapter of the book. Karwatowska, in an in-depth and well-grounded discussion, elucidates the dual structure of a joke, as well as the polysemantic nature of stereotypes and the multiple ways of defining the term. Moreover, this section of the book provides an excellent theoretical foundation for further analysis. She reviews several types of stereotypes conditioned by social environment, and these are: educational stereotypes (teacher and student); medical stereotypes (doctor and patient); and family stereotypes (wife and father). In short, what emerges from these analyses are specific “pictures in our heads,” as Walter Lippmann defined the concept of a stereotype.Karwatowska bases her analysis of stereotypes perpetuated in jokes on rich empirical materials drawn both from Internet sources (250 jokes derived from each of the above-mentioned categories of stereotypes), as well as on a survey conducted among 100 students from Lublin.This raises the question: what “pictures” emerge from the examples of jokes which were analyzed? Educational jokes are dominated by specific targeted aspects of the teacher's p","PeriodicalId":83231,"journal":{"name":"The Polish review","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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