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Dissipative disorder analysis of Homann flow of Walters B fluid with the applications of solar thermal energy absorption aspects Walters B流体Homann流动的耗散失序分析及其在太阳热能吸收方面的应用
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02335-8
Latif Ahmad, Assmaa Abd-Elmonem, Saleem Javed, Muhammad Yasir, Umair Khan, Yalcin Yilmaz, Aisha M. Alqahtani

Encountering of entropy generation is meaningful while investigating the energy loss during the operational mechanical system. In particular, the flow of fluid experiencing friction drag and due to which a significant amount of heat transfer occurred. Thus, the thermodynamic system energy conversion is one of the measures of the lost available work and is known as irreversibility. Avoiding of such energy loss can be minimized by introducing the concept of hybridization during the liquid dynamics. This work is initiated to formally characterize and address the significance of irreversible process during the typical Homann flow of viscoelastic liquid. The flow with heat and mass balance aspects are further characterize with the inclusion of thermophoretic and Brownian motion factors. The flow configuration is interpreted in terms of gravitationally affected vertical cylindrical disk, for a better understanding of the impact of irreversible processes, more physical effects in terms of heating source/sink, chemical reaction and solar thermal radiation. New physical impacts are described numerically in terms of flow speed temperatures, nanoparticle volume fraction, displacement thicknesses and entropy generation. Perturbation method is utilized for the reduction of the fourth-order mathematical equation for reducing the problem in to well-posed from ill-posed status. The numerical analysis is carried out by applying one of the built-in commands while using MATLAB software. The buoyancy force factor enhanced the liquid speed, and the concentration of the liquid was determined with uplifted conduct for higher values of chemical reaction parameters. The overall entropy rate is reduced as the Brinkman number and magnetic parameter are increased. The heat transfer flow is increased by internal heat generation. Higher Prandtl and Schmidt numbers significantly affected the isotherms and volume fraction contours.

在研究机械系统运行过程中的能量损失时,熵产生的相遇是有意义的。特别是,流体的流动经历摩擦阻力,并由于大量的热传递发生。因此,热力学系统的能量转换是可用功损失的度量之一,被称为不可逆性。通过在液体动力学过程中引入杂化的概念,可以最大限度地避免这种能量损失。本文旨在正式描述粘弹性液体典型霍曼流动过程中不可逆过程的意义。热流和质量平衡方面的进一步特征,包括热泳和布朗运动因素。为了更好地理解不可逆过程的影响、热源/汇、化学反应和太阳热辐射方面的更多物理效应,流动配置被解释为重力影响的垂直圆柱形圆盘。新的物理影响在数值上描述了流速、温度、纳米颗粒体积分数、位移厚度和熵的产生。采用摄动法对四阶数学方程进行化简,使问题从病态状态化简为适定状态。在MATLAB软件中应用其中一个内置命令进行数值分析。浮力系数提高了液速,化学反应参数越高,溶液的导电性越高。随着布林克曼数和磁参量的增大,总熵率减小。内部产生的热量增加了传热流量。较高的普朗特数和施密特数显著影响等温线和体积分数轮廓。
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引用次数: 0
Human health risk assessment of drinking water using heavy metal pollution index: a GIS-based investigation in mega city 基于gis的特大城市饮用水重金属污染指数人体健康风险评价
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02341-w
Maria Latif, Iqra Nasim, Mubeen Ahmad, Rab Nawaz, Arifa Tahir, Muhammad Atif Irshad, Aamal A. Al-Mutairi, Ali Irfan, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Magdi E. A. Zaki

Contaminated drinking water poses a significant threat to public health, particularly in urban areas where industrial and environmental pollutants may affect water quality. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies that evaluate the specific health risks associated with harmful metal contaminants in drinking water. This study seeks to address this gap by assessing water quality and metal contamination using pollution indices and human health risk assessments. The findings will help to identify potential health risks for urban residents and guide the development of targeted interventions and improved water management strategies. The groundwater samples were collected from five different zones in Kasur rural area. A total of 25 samples were collected by random sampling from hand pumps during 4 months (March–June, 2021) for determining various physiochemical attributes (pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, chloride, and phosphate) and potentially toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, and lead) using standard protocols. Results revealed that almost all the physicochemical attributes were close to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The water quality assessment revealed that pH levels ranged from 7.4 to 9.0, electrical conductivity (EC) between 150 µS/cm and 800 µS/cm, and average turbidity of 12 ± 3.29 NTU, total hardness varied from 200 to 1000 mg/L. Chloride and phosphate concentrations averaged 304 ± 1.28 mg/L and 4.51 ± 1.99 mg/L, respectively. Cadmium levels ranged from 0.15 to 0.53 mg/L, while lead and arsenic concentrations reached up to 7.47 mg/L, exceeding the WHO guidelines. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) values of all sites were less than critical value of 100. However, by considering the HPI classes, all the locations had high HPI (> 30) class indicating critically polluted water with heavy metals. Through exposure to drinking water, heavy metals had a significant impact on non-carcinogenic risk (HI > 1), according to the hazard index values determined by the human health risk analysis for children, infants, and adults. As compared with metals carcinogenic risk values, lead posed high risks to adults than children and infants as mean CR values for adults, children, and infants were 1.48E + 00, 1.40E + 00, and 7.60E-01, respectively. It is suggested that for drinking water supplies, there is need of installation of treatment plants in the industrial areas to minimize the risk of metal contamination and health issues.

受污染的饮用水对公众健康构成重大威胁,特别是在工业和环境污染物可能影响水质的城市地区。然而,缺乏全面的研究来评估与饮用水中有害金属污染物有关的具体健康风险。本研究力求通过利用污染指数和人类健康风险评估评估水质和金属污染来弥补这一差距。研究结果将有助于确定城市居民的潜在健康风险,并指导制定有针对性的干预措施和改进的水管理战略。地下水样本是从卡苏尔农村地区的五个不同地区收集的。在4个月(2021年3月至6月)期间,通过手动泵随机采样共收集了25个样品,用于根据标准方案测定各种理化属性(pH值、电导率、浊度、总硬度、氯化物和磷酸盐)和潜在有毒元素(砷、镉和铅)。结果显示,几乎所有的物理化学属性都接近世界卫生组织(WHO)的指导方针。水质评价显示,水质pH值为7.4 ~ 9.0,电导率(EC)为150 ~ 800µS/cm,平均浊度为12±3.29 NTU,总硬度为200 ~ 1000 mg/L。氯化物和磷酸盐的平均浓度分别为304±1.28 mg/L和4.51±1.99 mg/L。镉含量在0.15至0.53毫克/升之间,铅和砷浓度高达7.47毫克/升,超出了世卫组织的指导方针。各监测点重金属污染指数(HPI)均小于100的临界值。然而,考虑到HPI等级,所有地点都有高HPI (> 30)等级,表明重金属污染严重。根据人类健康风险分析对儿童、婴儿和成人确定的危害指数值,通过暴露于饮用水中,重金属对非致癌风险有显著影响(HI > 1)。与金属致癌风险值相比,铅对成人的风险高于儿童和婴儿,成人、儿童和婴儿的平均CR值分别为1.48E + 00、1.40E + 00和7.60E-01。对于饮用水供应,建议需要在工业区内安装处理厂,以尽量减少金属污染和健康问题的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating land use ımpact on evapotranspiration in Yellow River Basin China through a novel GSEBAL model: a remote sensing perspective 基于GSEBAL模型的黄河流域土地利用ımpact蒸散量遥感评价
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02345-6
Sheheryar Khan, Wang Huiliang, Umer Nauman, Muhammad Waseem Boota, Zening Wu

Evapotranspiration (ET) is critical to surface water dynamics. Effective water resource management necessitates an accurate ET estimation. In the Yellow River Basin China, a study area, cutting-edge technologies are needed to improve large-scale ET estimates. This study estimates ET using GSEBAL, an advanced ET estimation algorithm. Google Earth Engine integrates the surface energy balance model-based GSEBAL. The technique includes the collection, preparation, and calculation of ET using Landsat imagery and ERA5-Land meteorological data from 1990 to 2020. The study examined satellite LST, albedo, and NDVI data. The GSEBAL model calculates soil heat flow, net radiation, and sensible heat flux. The study tested the GSEBAL model utilizing essential ET datasets such as ECOSTRESS, MOD16, and SSEBop. The study showed that the model effectively predicted daily and seasonal ET variations in different climates. Root mean squared error, bias, and Pearson's correlation coefficient verified the model's reliability. The study also analyzed land use and land cover (LULC) over 30 years using Random Forest classifiers. In the 1990–2020 YRBC ET, land use changes affect ET rates annually and seasonally. The study area experiences changes in LST, NDVI, and LULC. Maximum ET values rose from 214.217 mm in 1990 to 234.891 mm in 2000. The pattern flipped in 2020, decreasing to 221.456 mm. In 2010, Summer had the highest ET, 484.455 mm. 2020 spring ET is 314.727 mm. Low ET decreased from 24.652 mm in 1990 to 18.2 mm in 2020, reducing water loss. Fall ET peaks at 24.9 mm in 2020; winter ET is 18.75 mm.

蒸散发(ET)对地表水动力学至关重要。有效的水资源管理需要准确的蒸散发估算。在研究区黄河流域,需要尖端技术来改善大尺度ET估算。本研究使用一种先进的ET估计算法GSEBAL来估计ET。谷歌Earth Engine集成了基于地表能量平衡模型的GSEBAL。该技术包括利用1990 - 2020年Landsat图像和era5陆地气象数据收集、准备和计算ET。该研究检查了卫星地表温度、反照率和NDVI数据。GSEBAL模型计算土壤热流、净辐射和感热通量。该研究利用ECOSTRESS、MOD16和SSEBop等基本ET数据集对GSEBAL模型进行了测试。研究表明,该模式能有效预测不同气候条件下的日蒸散发和季节蒸散发变化。均方根误差、偏倚和Pearson相关系数验证了模型的可靠性。该研究还使用随机森林分类器分析了30年来的土地利用和土地覆盖(LULC)。在1990-2020年YRBC ET中,土地利用变化影响ET的年际和季节变化。研究区地表温度、NDVI和LULC发生了变化。最大ET值从1990年的214.217 mm上升到2000年的234.891 mm。该模式在2020年翻转,减少到221.456毫米。2010年夏季ET最高,为484.455 mm, 2020年春季ET为314.727 mm。低蒸散发从1990年的24.652 mm减少到2020年的18.2 mm,减少了水分损失。2020年秋季ET峰值为24.9 mm;冬季ET为18.75毫米。
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引用次数: 0
S-Scheme CuMn2O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction: fabrication, characterization, and investigation of photodegradation potential of organic pollutants S-Scheme CuMn2O4/g-C3N4异质结:有机污染物光降解潜力的制备、表征和研究
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02348-3
Masoumeh Yaqoubi, Masoud Salavati-Niasari, Mojgan Ghanbari

Outstanding photocatalytic performance can be achieved by designing and building heterojunction photocatalysts with a suitable interfacial contact and staggered energy band structure. A simple two-step technique was used to manufacture hybrid inorganic/organic nanocomposites made of copper manganese oxide (CuMn2O4) and g-C3N4. Multiple techniques were employed to characterize the hybridized CuMn2O4/g-C3N4 heterostructure. CuMn2O4/g-C3N4 (0.2:1) efficiently destroyed 91% of erythrosine (10 ppm) below visible lamp in 90 min, being better than the performance of both CuMn2O4 and g-C3N4 and has superior stability. The primary reactive species involved in the photocatalytic breakdown of erythrosine over the nanocomposite were photogenerated superoxide ion radicals. The research results led to the proposal of a photocatalytic mechanism via the nanocomposite for the degradation of erythrosine. Based on the experimental data, a unique S-scheme model was presented to illuminate the charge transport mechanism. This work offers a straightforward method for creating innovative step-scheme photocatalysts for environmental and associated applications. This study revealed that the combination of CuMn2O4 and g-C3N4 as composites shows great potential for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation applications.

设计和构建具有合适的界面接触和交错能带结构的异质结光催化剂可以获得优异的光催化性能。采用简单的两步法制备了由铜锰氧化物(CuMn2O4)和g-C3N4组成的无机/有机杂化纳米复合材料。采用多种技术对CuMn2O4/g-C3N4杂化异质结构进行了表征。CuMn2O4/g-C3N4(0.2:1)在可见光下90 min内有效破坏91%的红素(10 ppm),性能优于CuMn2O4和g-C3N4,且具有优越的稳定性。在纳米复合材料上参与红酶光催化分解的主要反应物质是光生成的超氧离子自由基。研究结果提出了一种通过纳米复合材料光催化降解红血酶的机制。基于实验数据,提出了一个独特的s格式模型来解释电荷输运机制。这项工作为创造用于环境和相关应用的创新步进式光催化剂提供了一种直接的方法。本研究表明,CuMn2O4和g-C3N4复合材料在光催化降解染料方面具有很大的应用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the flow characteristics of slit check dams using novel models 用新模型研究狭缝拦河坝的流动特性
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02344-7
Muhammet Emin Emiroglu, Erdinc Ikinciogullari, Eyyup Ensar Yalcin, Enes Gul

Floods, which cause loss of life and property and destruction of the environment, have devastating effects on socio-economic welfare. Slit-check dams are essential structures for managing the transport of silt and woody debris, especially in events of significant floods. The current study presents the hydraulic characteristics of slit-check dams with different geometries for experimental and numerical tests. First, the Butterfly model was produced with a 3D printer and examined experimentally. Then, the Butterfly model was validated extensively using OpenFOAM (v7) software for the numerical analysis. Finally, the other models were examined numerically using the k-ε turbulence model. The changes in water surface profile, velocity profiles, energy dissipation rates, and streamlines were comprehensively examined and discussed. The results showed that slit-check dams caused hydraulic jumps and dissipated flow energy. The Arced and Rectangular models, in particular, demonstrated a significant performance for energy dissipation, which is essential for flood management. Water surface profiles are directly affected by discharge. Moreover, the cross-sectional length of the model in question significantly affects the water surface profile. Accordingly, an increase was observed in the velocity profiles along the slit-check dam. While the maximum velocity for all unit discharge was observed in the V-shaped model, the minimum velocities were observed for the Arced and Rectangular models. Thus, the energy absorption performance of Arced and Rectangular models is higher.

洪水造成生命财产损失和环境破坏,对社会经济福利造成毁灭性影响。缝挡水坝是管理淤泥和木屑运输的重要结构,特别是在发生重大洪水时。本文研究了不同几何形状的缝挡坝的水力特性,并进行了试验和数值试验。首先,用3D打印机制作蝴蝶模型并进行实验检验。然后,使用OpenFOAM (v7)软件进行数值分析,对Butterfly模型进行了广泛的验证。最后,用k-ε湍流模型对其他模型进行了数值检验。全面考察和讨论了水面剖面、速度剖面、能量耗散率和流线的变化。结果表明,缝挡坝引起了水跃,耗散了水流能。特别是圆弧和矩形模型,在能量耗散方面表现出了显著的性能,这对洪水管理至关重要。水面轮廓直接受到排放的影响。此外,模型的横截面长度对水面剖面有显著影响。因此,沿狭缝坝的速度分布有所增加。在v形模型中观察到所有单位流量的最大速度,而在圆弧和矩形模型中观察到最小速度。因此,圆弧和矩形模型的吸能性能更高。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and experimental validation of nanophotonics-enhanced solar membrane distillation technology for treating reverse osmosis brine 纳米光子学增强太阳膜蒸馏技术处理反渗透盐水的建模与实验验证
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02281-5
Mayar Elrakhawi, Ahmed F. Tayel, Amr Abdelrazek, Ze He, Qilin Li, Ibrahim A. Said

A novel, cost-efficient Nanophotonic Enhanced Solar Membrane Distillation (NESMD) system, a solar-driven water desalination technology, was studied. The system features a photothermal membrane acting as a solar collector for water distillation, thus eliminating the need for an external condenser. To address the system’s vulnerability to thermal losses, a comprehensive mathematical model was developed and validated against real-world experimental data. This model represents intricately coupled heat and mass transfer within a sweeping-air NESMD system, incorporating heat loss considerations. The modeling strategy involved dividing the NESMD module into sub-cells and implementing a finite difference method for detailed analysis. This led to a series of nonlinear simultaneous equations, which were resolved via computational code using MATLAB software. The developed NESMD model exhibited commendable conformity to experimental data, exhibiting a relative percentage error of less than 10% for average permeate flux and identifying thermal losses as high as 63%. Depending on the operating conditions, heat transferred to the surroundings takes the lead among the heat loss contributors at higher feed rates (up to 25%), whereas heat conduction across the membrane dominates (up to 42%) thermal losses at low feed rates. The study established an exponential correlation between permeate production and solar energy, with a heat transfer coefficient ranging from 9.5 to 30 W m−2 K−1 and a coefficient of determination of 0.96. An integral part of this work includes calculating solar energy utilization and clarifying the system’s performance. Furthermore, this study examines the influence of diverse operational and geometric parameters, providing insights into enhancing production rates. Hence, an increase in feed layer thickness enhances freshwater production by 7%. Due to the intensification of solar irradiance, freshwater production increased ninefold, and specific energy consumption decreased by 134 kW hr m−3. This research underscores the potential of NESMD for sustainable desalination, providing a validated model that lays the groundwork for future advancements in membrane distillation technology.

研究了一种新型的、经济高效的纳米光子增强太阳膜蒸馏(NESMD)系统,即太阳能驱动的海水淡化技术。该系统的特点是光热膜作为水蒸馏的太阳能集热器,从而消除了对外部冷凝器的需要。为了解决系统易受热损失影响的问题,开发了一个全面的数学模型,并根据实际实验数据进行了验证。该模型代表了在扫风NESMD系统中复杂耦合的传热和传质,并考虑了热损失。建模策略包括将NESMD模块划分为子单元,并实现有限差分方法进行详细分析。这导致了一系列非线性联立方程,这些方程通过MATLAB软件的计算代码进行求解。所建立的NESMD模型与实验数据具有良好的一致性,平均渗透通量的相对百分比误差小于10%,热损失高达63%。根据运行条件的不同,在高进料速率下(高达25%),热损失主要来自于向周围环境的热量传递,而在低进料速率下,膜上的热传导占主导地位(高达42%)。该研究建立了渗透产物与太阳能之间的指数相关性,传热系数范围为9.5 ~ 30 W m−2 K−1,决定系数为0.96。这项工作的一个组成部分包括计算太阳能利用率和澄清系统的性能。此外,本研究还考察了不同操作参数和几何参数的影响,为提高产量提供了见解。因此,饲料层厚度的增加可使淡水产量提高7%。由于太阳辐照度的增强,淡水产量增加了9倍,比能源消耗减少了134 kW hr m−3。这项研究强调了NESMD在可持续脱盐方面的潜力,提供了一个经过验证的模型,为膜蒸馏技术的未来发展奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Application of CuFe2O4/CuS as a new green magnetic nanocomposite in adsorption of tetracycline from aqueous solutions: mathematical models of thermodynamics, isotherms, and kinetics 新型绿色磁性纳米复合材料CuFe2O4/ cu在吸附四环素中的应用:热力学、等温线和动力学数学模型
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02337-6
Seyedeh Masoomeh Rahimi, Bahman Ramavandi, Mohammad Hadi Moslehi, Mahdi Rahiminia, Negin Nasseh

In current study, a novel adsorbent of CuFe2O4/CuS magnetic nanocomposite (MNC) was constructed via a green approach for tetracycline (TC) removal. The leaf extract of the Alhagi pseudalhagi plant was employed as a green reductant agent. The features of the nanocomposite were characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, BET, and VSM. Batch studies were conducted to assess the impact of parameters, including pH (3.0–9.0), adsorbent dosage (0.025–2 g/L), TC concentration (5–100 mg/L), and temperature (5–50 °C) on the TC adsorption efficiency. The antibiotic was fully removed at pH 7.0, nanocomposite dose of 1.5 g/L, time of 200 min, and TC content of 5 mg/L. Based on the thermodynamic study, the TC adsorption onto the CuFe2O4/CuS MNC occurred spontaneously and was primarily driven by physical interactions (physisorption). Positive values of ∆H° (enthalpy change) and ∆S° (entropy change) demonstrated that the adsorption process is naturally endothermic, and the degree of dispersion improves with rising temperature. Adsorption kinetics was well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The isotherm studies showed that TC can be removed by the adsorbent at a maximum of 31 mg/g. Overall, CuFe2O4/CuS MNC exhibited notable efficacy and cost-effectiveness (reusability: 5 times) for the TC adsorption from water.

本研究通过绿色脱除四环素(TC)的方法,构建了一种新型CuFe2O4/ cu磁性纳米复合材料(MNC)。以假藻藻叶提取物为绿色还原剂。采用XRD、FTIR、FESEM、TEM、BET和VSM对纳米复合材料进行了表征。考察了pH(3.0 ~ 9.0)、吸附剂用量(0.025 ~ 2 g/L)、TC浓度(5 ~ 100 mg/L)、温度(5 ~ 50℃)等参数对TC吸附效率的影响。在pH 7.0,纳米复合剂量为1.5 g/L,时间为200 min, TC含量为5 mg/L的条件下完全去除抗生素。热力学研究表明,TC在CuFe2O4/ cu MNC上的吸附是自发发生的,主要由物理相互作用(物理吸附)驱动。∆H°(焓变)和∆S°(熵变)的正值表明吸附过程是自然吸热的,并且随着温度的升高,分散程度提高。吸附动力学用拟二阶模型拟合得很好。等温线研究表明,吸附剂对TC的去除率最高可达31 mg/g。总体而言,CuFe2O4/ cu MNC对水中TC的吸附效果和成本效益显著(可重复使用5次)。
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引用次数: 0
Analyzing the impact of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow on pollutant discharge concentration in wastewater management using an artificial computing approach 用人工计算方法分析了非牛顿纳米流体流动对污水处理中污染物排放浓度的影响
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02333-w
Sidra Jubair, Jie Yang, Bilal Ali, Bandar Bin-Mohsin, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa

Wastewater discharge is important in numerous areas of industries and in governance of the environmental sectors. Controlling and monitoring water pollution are essential for protecting the availability of water and upholding standards of sustainability. Thus, in the current study, the effects of pollutant discharge concentration (PDC) are considered while analyzing the flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids (NNNF) through the permeable Riga surface subject to heat radiation. Walter’s B fluid (WBF) and second-grade fluids (SGFs), two distinct types of NNNF, have been investigated. The fluid flow is expressed as a system of PDEs, which are simplified into lower order by employing similarity approach. These equations (ODEs) are solved using the Levenberg Marquardt back-propagation optimization algorithm (LMBOA) of the artificial neural network (ANN). The Matlab package “bvp4c” is used for generating the dataset in order to validate the results of the ANN-LMBOA. The dataset was developed for various flow scenarios, as well as ANN evaluation and validation. The accuracy of the ANN-LMBOA model is estimated though numerous statistical tools, i.e., histogram, regression measures, curve fitting, performance plots, and validation tables. The numerical outcomes of bvp4c package are also compared to the published literature. Which show best accuracy and resemblance with each other for the limiting case. The targeted date absolute error is accomplished within the range of 10–4-10–5 which confirms the outstanding accuracy of ANN-LMBOA. It is concluded form error histograms (EHs) that the EHs values for case 1–4 is lie about (3 cdot 6 times 10^{{ - 7}}), (7 cdot 83 times 10^{{ - 9}}), (- 4.7 times 10^{{ - 8}}) and (- 2 cdot 9 times 10^{{ - 6}}) respectively.

废水排放在许多工业领域和环境部门的治理中都很重要。控制和监测水污染对于保护水的可用性和维持可持续性标准至关重要。因此,在本研究中,在分析非牛顿纳米流体(NNNF)在热辐射作用下通过渗透性里加表面的流动时,考虑了污染物排放浓度(PDC)的影响。Walter 's B流体(WBF)和二级流体(SGFs)是两种不同类型的NNNF,已经进行了研究。将流体流动表示为偏微分方程系统,并采用相似法将偏微分方程简化为低阶。利用人工神经网络(ANN)的Levenberg Marquardt反向传播优化算法(LMBOA)求解这些方程。为了验证ANN-LMBOA的结果,使用Matlab包“bvp4c”生成数据集。该数据集是为各种流程场景以及人工神经网络评估和验证而开发的。通过多种统计工具,即直方图、回归测量、曲线拟合、性能图和验证表,估计了ANN-LMBOA模型的准确性。bvp4c包的数值结果也与已发表的文献进行了比较。它们在极限情况下表现出最好的准确性和相似性。在10-4-10-5范围内完成了目标日期绝对误差,证实了ANN-LMBOA具有出色的准确性。由误差直方图(EHs)得出,情形1-4的EHs值分别在(3 cdot 6 times 10^{{ - 7}})、(7 cdot 83 times 10^{{ - 9}})、(- 4.7 times 10^{{ - 8}})和(- 2 cdot 9 times 10^{{ - 6}})附近。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing water demand and supply in the Upper Indus Basin using integrated hydrological modeling under varied socioeconomic scenarios 利用综合水文模型评估不同社会经济情景下印度河上游流域的水需求和供应
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02310-3
Sareer Ahmad, Muhammad Waseem, Hira Wahab, Abdul Qadeer Khan, Zulqarnain Jehan, Izhar Ahmad, Megersa Kebede Leta

This study projects future water demand scenarios in the Upper Indus Basin, focusing on reference, high population growth, increased irrigation, and lower population growth scenarios. The baseline scenario indicates a significant rise in water demand from 35.74 billion cubic meters (BCMs) in 2020 to 60.28 BCM by 2035, driven by population growth and increased domestic water consumption. High population growth exacerbates this demand, reaching 62.96 BCM by 2035. This research aims to address domestic water needs under various growth scenarios, considering factors such as population growth rate and per capita consumption. The study employs integrated hydrological modeling to simulate water demand under different socioeconomic conditions. Key methods include analyzing baseline water demand, projecting future scenarios, and evaluating the impact of increased irrigation and population growth on water resources. Results reveal that without intervention, stagnant water supply management will lead to severe water shortages. Increased irrigation, influenced by a 3% growth in irrigated land, pushes agricultural water demand to 56.37 BCM by 2035. Mitigation efforts, such as a 15% reduction in domestic water consumption, could decrease overall demand to 51.23 BCM by 2035. Further reductions are explored through a 50% cut in agricultural water consumption, involving efficient irrigation techniques. The study highlights the critical role of technology and farmer awareness in achieving these reductions, despite current irrigation scheme losses of 20%. A lower population growth scenario shows a contrasting trend, with water demand decreasing to 49.11 BCM by 2035, attributed to a 1.8% population growth rate and decreased per capita consumption to 82 m3 per day. These findings underscore the importance of proactive water management strategies, technological advancements, and demographic considerations in addressing future water demand challenges in the Upper Indus Basin. This research provides proper insight into the impact of varied socioeconomic scenarios on water resources and the necessity for strategic interventions.

本研究预测了印度河上游流域未来的水需求情景,重点关注参考情景、高人口增长情景、增加灌溉情景和低人口增长情景。基线情景表明,受人口增长和生活用水增加的推动,到2035年,用水需求将从2020年的357.4亿立方米大幅增加到602.8亿立方米。高人口增长加剧了这一需求,到2035年将达到629.6亿立方米。本研究旨在考虑人口增长率和人均用水量等因素,研究不同增长情景下的生活用水需求。本研究采用综合水文模型模拟不同社会经济条件下的需水量。主要方法包括分析基线用水需求、预测未来情景、评估灌溉增加和人口增长对水资源的影响。结果表明,如果不进行干预,滞水供应管理将导致严重的水资源短缺。受灌溉面积增长3%的影响,灌溉面积增加,到2035年农业用水需求将达到56.37亿立方米。缓解措施,如减少15%的生活用水,到2035年可将总需求减少到51.23亿立方米。通过采用高效灌溉技术,进一步减少农业用水量50%。该研究强调了技术和农民意识在实现这些减排方面的关键作用,尽管目前的灌溉计划损失了20%。人口增长较低的情景呈现出截然相反的趋势,到2035年,由于人口增长率为1.8%,人均用水量降至每天82立方米,用水量将减少到49.11亿立方米。这些发现强调了积极的水资源管理战略、技术进步和人口因素在应对印度河上游流域未来水资源需求挑战方面的重要性。本研究对不同社会经济情景对水资源的影响和战略干预的必要性提供了适当的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating basic household characteristics influencing domestic water demand in tropical environments: a comprehensive case study 评价热带环境中影响家庭用水需求的基本家庭特征:一个综合案例研究
IF 5.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13201-024-02323-y
Timothy Oyebamiji Ogunbode,  Victor, Oyedeji Oyebamiji, Ayobami Alani Oyelami, Timothy Ayo Akinkuolie

Understanding household water dynamics is crucial for achieving SDG 6 targets. This study explores the impact of 16 socio-demographic variables on household water demand in a tropical Nigerian community from February 2023 to January 2024, surveying eighty diverse households monthly. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to the survey data. Females constituted 85.8%, with 98.0% aged at least 18 and 73.6% having secondary education. Factorability of the dataset was confirmed (KMO = 63.4, p < 0.005). Analysis identified seven key variables, explaining 72.03% of observed variance: household size, water source reliability, time cost of obtaining water, water storage strategy, consumptive water use, monthly income, and water source management type. Further scrutiny revealed two variable groups, contributing 42.3% (VAR 1 and VAR 2) and 51.4% (VAR 3, 4, 5, and 6) of total absolute variance, respectively. This analysis is vital for effective household water planning and management, especially in resource-limited regions. Extracted variables warrant attention from industry stakeholders, with subsequent investigations revealing robust relationships (55.5–99.1%) among variables. This understanding is pivotal for institutionalizing policies and strategic decision-making in household water supply planning and management. It offers comprehensive insights for aligning practices with SDG 6 goals, ensuring sustainable and equitable access to water resources.

了解家庭用水动态对于实现可持续发展目标6的具体目标至关重要。本研究探讨了2023年2月至2024年1月期间尼日利亚热带社区16个社会人口变量对家庭用水需求的影响,每月调查80个不同的家庭。对调查数据采用描述性统计和推断性统计。女性占85.8%,其中98.0%年龄在18岁以上,73.6%受过中等教育。验证了数据集的因子性(KMO = 63.4, p < 0.005)。分析确定了7个关键变量,解释了72.03%的观察方差:家庭规模、水源可靠性、取水时间成本、储水策略、消费用水、月收入和水源管理类型。进一步审查发现两个变量组,分别贡献42.3% (VAR 1和VAR 2)和51.4% (VAR 3、4、5和6)的总绝对方差。这种分析对于有效的家庭用水规划和管理至关重要,特别是在资源有限的地区。提取的变量值得行业利益相关者的关注,随后的调查揭示了变量之间的稳健关系(55.5-99.1%)。这种理解对于使家庭供水规划和管理中的政策和战略决策制度化至关重要。它为使实践与可持续发展目标6的目标保持一致,确保可持续和公平地获得水资源提供了全面的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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Applied Water Science
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