Pub Date : 2020-09-03DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.14.064028
O. Rabinovich, A. Epstein
We theoretically formulate and experimentally demonstrate the design of metagratings (MGs) composed of periodic rectangular grooves in a metallic medium, intended for perfect anomalous reflection. Using mode matching, a semianalytical scheme for analysis and synthesis of such MGs, containing multiple, arbitrarily arranged, grooves per period, is derived. Following the typical MG design approach, we use this formalism to identify the relevant Floquet-Bloch (FB) modes and conveniently formulate constraints for suppression of spurious scattering, directly tying the structure's geometrical degrees of freedom (DOFs) to the desired functionality. Solving this set of constraints, in turn, yields a detailed fabrication-ready MG design, without any full-wave optimization. Besides providing means to realize highly-efficient beam deflection with all-metallic formations, we show that the rectangular (two-dimensional) groove configuration enables emph{simultaneous} manipulation of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized fields, unavailable to date with common, printed-circuit-board-based, microwave MGs. In addition, we highlight a physical limitation on the TE-polarization performance, preventing the ability to achieve perfect anomalous reflection in any desired angle. These capabilities are verified using three MG prototypes, produced with standard computer numerical control (CNC) machines, demonstrating both single- and dual-polarized control of multiple diffraction modes. These results enable the use of MGs for a broader range of applications, where dual-polarized control is required, or all-metallic devices are preferable (e.g., spaceborne systems or at high operating frequencies).
{"title":"Dual-Polarized All-Metallic Metagratings For Perfect Anomalous Reflection","authors":"O. Rabinovich, A. Epstein","doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.14.064028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.14.064028","url":null,"abstract":"We theoretically formulate and experimentally demonstrate the design of metagratings (MGs) composed of periodic rectangular grooves in a metallic medium, intended for perfect anomalous reflection. Using mode matching, a semianalytical scheme for analysis and synthesis of such MGs, containing multiple, arbitrarily arranged, grooves per period, is derived. Following the typical MG design approach, we use this formalism to identify the relevant Floquet-Bloch (FB) modes and conveniently formulate constraints for suppression of spurious scattering, directly tying the structure's geometrical degrees of freedom (DOFs) to the desired functionality. Solving this set of constraints, in turn, yields a detailed fabrication-ready MG design, without any full-wave optimization. Besides providing means to realize highly-efficient beam deflection with all-metallic formations, we show that the rectangular (two-dimensional) groove configuration enables emph{simultaneous} manipulation of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized fields, unavailable to date with common, printed-circuit-board-based, microwave MGs. In addition, we highlight a physical limitation on the TE-polarization performance, preventing the ability to achieve perfect anomalous reflection in any desired angle. These capabilities are verified using three MG prototypes, produced with standard computer numerical control (CNC) machines, demonstrating both single- and dual-polarized control of multiple diffraction modes. These results enable the use of MGs for a broader range of applications, where dual-polarized control is required, or all-metallic devices are preferable (e.g., spaceborne systems or at high operating frequencies).","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91157913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The implementation of hyperbolic metamaterials as component in optical waveguides, semiconductor light emitters and solar cells has been limited by the inherent loss in the metallic layers. The features of a hyperbolic metamaterial arise by the presence of alternating metal and a dielectric layers. This work proposes that the deleterious loss characteristic of metal-based hyperbolic metamaterials can be minimized by employing a III-nitride superlattice wherein a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) functions as the metallic layer.
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Electron Gas as a Basis for Low-Loss Hyperbolic Metamaterials","authors":"M. Mastro","doi":"10.1149/2.0101711jss","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0101711jss","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of hyperbolic metamaterials as component in optical waveguides, semiconductor light emitters and solar cells has been limited by the inherent loss in the metallic layers. The features of a hyperbolic metamaterial arise by the presence of alternating metal and a dielectric layers. This work proposes that the deleterious loss characteristic of metal-based hyperbolic metamaterials can be minimized by employing a III-nitride superlattice wherein a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) functions as the metallic layer.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74679640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaochun Lin, Tian Tian, Pu Huang, Peiran Yin, Liang Zhang, Jiangfeng Du
The programmable artificial lattice, based on the controllability of coupling strengths and the scalability of multiple sites, is desperately desired in engineering metamaterials and exploring fundamental physics. In this work, we experimentally present a programmable lattice consisting of multiple paralleled nanomechanical resonators, whose internal interactions can be linearly manipulated by external voltages. Flexural modes of nearest-neighboring (NN) and next-nearest-neighboring (NNN) resonators are parametrically coupled through modulated electrostatic interactions. Particularly, in a wide range up to deep strong coupling regime, both the NN and NNN coupling strengths are precisely proportional to manipulation voltage. The realization of long-range coupling provides a promising prospect in constructing complex lattice structure, which is essential in investigating mechanical logic devices, topological physics and coherent phononic dynamics.
{"title":"Realization of programmable nanomechanical lattice with both nearest-neighboring and next-nearest-neighboring couplings","authors":"Shaochun Lin, Tian Tian, Pu Huang, Peiran Yin, Liang Zhang, Jiangfeng Du","doi":"10.1063/5.0009302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0009302","url":null,"abstract":"The programmable artificial lattice, based on the controllability of coupling strengths and the scalability of multiple sites, is desperately desired in engineering metamaterials and exploring fundamental physics. In this work, we experimentally present a programmable lattice consisting of multiple paralleled nanomechanical resonators, whose internal interactions can be linearly manipulated by external voltages. Flexural modes of nearest-neighboring (NN) and next-nearest-neighboring (NNN) resonators are parametrically coupled through modulated electrostatic interactions. Particularly, in a wide range up to deep strong coupling regime, both the NN and NNN coupling strengths are precisely proportional to manipulation voltage. The realization of long-range coupling provides a promising prospect in constructing complex lattice structure, which is essential in investigating mechanical logic devices, topological physics and coherent phononic dynamics.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88799653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ranga, A. Bhattacharyya, A. Chmielewski, Saurav Roy, N. Alem, S. Krishnamoorthy
We report on low-temperature MOVPE growth of silicon delta-doped b{eta}-Ga2O3 films with low FWHM. The as-grown films are characterized using Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, Capacitance-Voltage and Hall techniques. SIMS measurements show that surface segregation is the chief cause of large FWHM in MOVPE-grown films. The surface segregation coefficient (R) is observed to reduce with reduction in the growth temperature. Films grown at 600 °C show an electron concentration of 9.7 x 1012 cm-2 and a FWHM of 3.2 nm. High resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy of the epitaxial film did not reveal any significant observable degradation in crystal quality of the delta sheet and surrounding regions. Hall measurements of delta-doped film on Fe-doped substrate showed a sheet charge density of 6.1 x 1012 cm-2 and carrier mobility of 83 cm2/V. s. Realization of sharp delta doping profiles in MOVPE-grown b{eta}-Ga2O3 is promising for high performance device applications.
我们报道了低FWHM掺杂硅δ δ的b{eta}-Ga2O3薄膜的低温MOVPE生长。利用二次离子质谱、电容电压和霍尔技术对生长膜进行了表征。SIMS测量结果表明，表面偏析是movpe生长薄膜中FWHM较大的主要原因。表面偏析系数R随生长温度的降低而减小。在600°C下生长的薄膜显示电子浓度为9.7 x 1012 cm-2, FWHM为3.2 nm。外延膜的高分辨率扫描/透射电子显微镜显示，三角洲片和周围区域的晶体质量没有明显的退化。在掺铁衬底上的δ掺杂薄膜的霍尔测量结果表明，薄膜电荷密度为6.1 x 1012 cm-2，载流子迁移率为83 cm2/V。5 .在movpe生长的b{eta}-Ga2O3中实现尖锐的δ型掺杂轮廓，有望用于高性能器件应用。
{"title":"Delta-doped β-Ga2O3 films with narrow FWHM grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy","authors":"P. Ranga, A. Bhattacharyya, A. Chmielewski, Saurav Roy, N. Alem, S. Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1063/5.0027827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027827","url":null,"abstract":"We report on low-temperature MOVPE growth of silicon delta-doped b{eta}-Ga2O3 films with low FWHM. The as-grown films are characterized using Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy, Capacitance-Voltage and Hall techniques. SIMS measurements show that surface segregation is the chief cause of large FWHM in MOVPE-grown films. The surface segregation coefficient (R) is observed to reduce with reduction in the growth temperature. Films grown at 600 °C show an electron concentration of 9.7 x 1012 cm-2 and a FWHM of 3.2 nm. High resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy of the epitaxial film did not reveal any significant observable degradation in crystal quality of the delta sheet and surrounding regions. Hall measurements of delta-doped film on Fe-doped substrate showed a sheet charge density of 6.1 x 1012 cm-2 and carrier mobility of 83 cm2/V. s. Realization of sharp delta doping profiles in MOVPE-grown b{eta}-Ga2O3 is promising for high performance device applications.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83318331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-26DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVAPPLIED.15.014052
Chenbo Zhao, Zhizhi Zhang, Yi Li, Wei Zhang, J. Pearson, R. Divan, Qingfang Liu, V. Novosad, Jianbo Wang, A. Hoffmann
Direct detection of phonons is important for the investigation of information interconversion between the resonantly coupled magnons and phonons. Here we report resonant coupling of magnons and phonons, which can be directly visualized by using micro focused Brillouin light scattering in Ni/LiNbO3 hybrid heterostructures. The patterns of surface acoustic wave phonons, originating from the interference between the original wave {psi}0(A_0,k) and reflected wave {psi}1(A_1,-k), can be modulated by magnetic field due to the magnon-phonon coupling. By analyzing the information of phonons obtained from Brillouin spectroscopy, the properties of the magnon system (Ni film), e.g., ferromagnetic resonance field and resonance linewidth can be determined. The results provide spatially resolved information about phonon manipulation and detection in a coupled magnon-phonon system.
{"title":"Direct Imaging of Resonant Phonon-Magnon Coupling","authors":"Chenbo Zhao, Zhizhi Zhang, Yi Li, Wei Zhang, J. Pearson, R. Divan, Qingfang Liu, V. Novosad, Jianbo Wang, A. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVAPPLIED.15.014052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVAPPLIED.15.014052","url":null,"abstract":"Direct detection of phonons is important for the investigation of information interconversion between the resonantly coupled magnons and phonons. Here we report resonant coupling of magnons and phonons, which can be directly visualized by using micro focused Brillouin light scattering in Ni/LiNbO3 hybrid heterostructures. The patterns of surface acoustic wave phonons, originating from the interference between the original wave {psi}0(A_0,k) and reflected wave {psi}1(A_1,-k), can be modulated by magnetic field due to the magnon-phonon coupling. By analyzing the information of phonons obtained from Brillouin spectroscopy, the properties of the magnon system (Ni film), e.g., ferromagnetic resonance field and resonance linewidth can be determined. The results provide spatially resolved information about phonon manipulation and detection in a coupled magnon-phonon system.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"115 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83635739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianhao Liu, A. Schnabel, J. Voigt, Zhiyin Sun, Liyi Li
A three-step model for calculating the magnetic field generated by coils inside cuboid-shaped shields like magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs) is presented. The shield is modelled as two parallel plates of infinite width and one tube of infinite height. We propose an improved mirror method which considers the effect of the parallel plates of finite thickness. A reaction factor is introduced to describe the influence of the vertical tube, which is obtained from finite element method (FEM) simulations. By applying the improved mirror method and then multiplying the result with the reaction factor, the magnetic flux density within the shielded volume can be determined in a fast computation. The three-step model is verified both with FEM and measurements of the field of a Helmholtz coil inside an MSR with a superconducting quantum interference device. The model allows a fast optimization of shield-coupled coil spacings compared to repetitive time-consuming FEM calculations. As an example, we optimize the distance between two parallel square coils attached to the MSR walls. Measurements of a coil prototype of 2.75~m in side length show a magnetic field change of 18~pT over the central 5~cm at the field strength of 2.7~textmu T. This obtained relative field change of 6~ppm is a factor of 5.4 smaller than our previously used Helmholtz coil.
{"title":"A three-step model for optimizing coil spacings inside cuboid-shaped magnetic shields","authors":"Tianhao Liu, A. Schnabel, J. Voigt, Zhiyin Sun, Liyi Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0027432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027432","url":null,"abstract":"A three-step model for calculating the magnetic field generated by coils inside cuboid-shaped shields like magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs) is presented. The shield is modelled as two parallel plates of infinite width and one tube of infinite height. We propose an improved mirror method which considers the effect of the parallel plates of finite thickness. A reaction factor is introduced to describe the influence of the vertical tube, which is obtained from finite element method (FEM) simulations. By applying the improved mirror method and then multiplying the result with the reaction factor, the magnetic flux density within the shielded volume can be determined in a fast computation. The three-step model is verified both with FEM and measurements of the field of a Helmholtz coil inside an MSR with a superconducting quantum interference device. The model allows a fast optimization of shield-coupled coil spacings compared to repetitive time-consuming FEM calculations. As an example, we optimize the distance between two parallel square coils attached to the MSR walls. Measurements of a coil prototype of 2.75~m in side length show a magnetic field change of 18~pT over the central 5~cm at the field strength of 2.7~textmu T. This obtained relative field change of 6~ppm is a factor of 5.4 smaller than our previously used Helmholtz coil.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85786153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-24DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-126510/v1
J. Gosciniak, J. Khurgin
We appraise a waveguide-integrated plasmonic graphene photodetector based on the hot carrier photo-bolometric effect, with performance characterized simultaneously by high responsivity, on the scale of hundreds of AW-1, and high speed on the scale of 100s of GHz. Performance evaluation is based on a theory of bolometric effect originating from the band nonparabolicity of graphene. Results compare favorably with the state-of-the-art plasmonic bolometric photodetectors, predicting up to two orders of magnitude increase in a responsivity while keeping speed on the same level, defined by the electron-lattice scattering time in graphene.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of room temperature plasmonic graphene hot electron bolometric photodetectors","authors":"J. Gosciniak, J. Khurgin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-126510/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-126510/v1","url":null,"abstract":"We appraise a waveguide-integrated plasmonic graphene photodetector based on the hot carrier photo-bolometric effect, with performance characterized simultaneously by high responsivity, on the scale of hundreds of AW-1, and high speed on the scale of 100s of GHz. Performance evaluation is based on a theory of bolometric effect originating from the band nonparabolicity of graphene. Results compare favorably with the state-of-the-art plasmonic bolometric photodetectors, predicting up to two orders of magnitude increase in a responsivity while keeping speed on the same level, defined by the electron-lattice scattering time in graphene.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90287708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-17DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVAPPLIED.14.064017
Hao Wu, Xiangyu Xie, Wern Ng, Seif Mehanna, Yingxu Li, Max Attwood, M. Oxborrow
We present in this work a quasi-continuous-wave (CW) pentacene maser operating at 1.45 GHz in the Earth's magnetic field at room temperature with a duration of $sim$4 ms and an output power of up to -25 dBm. The maser is optically pumped by a cerium-doped YAG (Ce:YAG) luminescent concentrator (LC) whose wedge-shaped output is embedded inside a 0.1% pentacene-doped para-terphenyl (Pc:Ptp) crystal. The pumped crystal is located inside a ring of strontium titanate (STO) that supports a TE$_{01delta}$ mode of high magnetic Purcell factor. Combined with simulations, our results indicate that CW operation of pentacene masers at room-temperature is perfectly feasible so long as excessive heating of the crystal is avoided.
在本研究中，我们提出了一种准连续波(CW)五苯脉泽，在室温下在地球磁场中工作在1.45 GHz，持续时间为$sim$ 4 ms，输出功率高达-25 dBm。微波激射器是由一个掺铈的YAG (Ce:YAG)发光聚光器(LC)光泵浦的，其楔形输出嵌入在一个0.1% pentacene-doped para-terphenyl (Pc:Ptp) crystal. The pumped crystal is located inside a ring of strontium titanate (STO) that supports a TE$_{01delta}$ mode of high magnetic Purcell factor. Combined with simulations, our results indicate that CW operation of pentacene masers at room-temperature is perfectly feasible so long as excessive heating of the crystal is avoided.
{"title":"Room-Temperature Quasi-Continuous-Wave Pentacene Maser Pumped by an Invasive \u0000Ce:YAG\u0000 Luminescent Concentrator","authors":"Hao Wu, Xiangyu Xie, Wern Ng, Seif Mehanna, Yingxu Li, Max Attwood, M. Oxborrow","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVAPPLIED.14.064017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVAPPLIED.14.064017","url":null,"abstract":"We present in this work a quasi-continuous-wave (CW) pentacene maser operating at 1.45 GHz in the Earth's magnetic field at room temperature with a duration of $sim$4 ms and an output power of up to -25 dBm. The maser is optically pumped by a cerium-doped YAG (Ce:YAG) luminescent concentrator (LC) whose wedge-shaped output is embedded inside a 0.1% pentacene-doped para-terphenyl (Pc:Ptp) crystal. The pumped crystal is located inside a ring of strontium titanate (STO) that supports a TE$_{01delta}$ mode of high magnetic Purcell factor. Combined with simulations, our results indicate that CW operation of pentacene masers at room-temperature is perfectly feasible so long as excessive heating of the crystal is avoided.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81428454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-17DOI: 10.1016/J.ETRAN.2021.100104
A. Kulikovsky
{"title":"Performance of a PEM fuel cell with oscillating air flow velocity: A modeling study based on cell impedance","authors":"A. Kulikovsky","doi":"10.1016/J.ETRAN.2021.100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ETRAN.2021.100104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85714738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reverse leakage current through a Schottky barrier transitions from a thermionic-emission dominated regime to a barrier-tunneling dominated regime as the surface electric field increases. In this study, we evaluate such transition electric field ($E_{rm T}$) in $beta$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ using a numerical reverse leakage model. $E_{rm T}$ is found to have very weak dependence on the doping concentration and barrier height, thus a near-universal temperature dependence suffices and is given by a simple empirical expression in Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$. With the help of a field-plate design, we observed experimentally in Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ Schottky barrier diodes a near-ideal bulk reverse leakage characteristics, which matches well with our numerical model and confirms the presence of the transition region. Near the transition electric field, both thermionic emission and barrier tunneling should be considered. The study provides important guidance toward accurate design and modeling of ideal reverse leakage characteristics in $beta$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ Schottky barrier diodes.
{"title":"Thermionic emission or tunneling? The universal transition electric field for ideal Schottky reverse leakage current: A case study inβ-Ga2O3","authors":"Wenshen Li, K. Nomoto, D. Jena, H. Xing","doi":"10.1063/5.0029348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0029348","url":null,"abstract":"The reverse leakage current through a Schottky barrier transitions from a thermionic-emission dominated regime to a barrier-tunneling dominated regime as the surface electric field increases. In this study, we evaluate such transition electric field ($E_{rm T}$) in $beta$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ using a numerical reverse leakage model. $E_{rm T}$ is found to have very weak dependence on the doping concentration and barrier height, thus a near-universal temperature dependence suffices and is given by a simple empirical expression in Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$. With the help of a field-plate design, we observed experimentally in Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ Schottky barrier diodes a near-ideal bulk reverse leakage characteristics, which matches well with our numerical model and confirms the presence of the transition region. Near the transition electric field, both thermionic emission and barrier tunneling should be considered. The study provides important guidance toward accurate design and modeling of ideal reverse leakage characteristics in $beta$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ Schottky barrier diodes.","PeriodicalId":8423,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Applied Physics","volume":"85 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76199668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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