Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063005004
T. Chang, Patrick Berg, A. Fung, Kent D. Kedl, Catherine A. Luther, J. Szuba
The purpose of this article is to assess critically, within the framework of the sociology of knowledge, how we come to know what we know in comparative international communication research. The point of departure is the collective output of comparative international communication enterprise - the published articles in six major communication journals through which theories, methods and findings have been diffused and the cumulated knowledge made possible during the past three decades. A major concern is the general pattern of methodological approaches and epistemological positions as manifested in the existing comparative international communication studies. The common patterns in comparative international communication research include lack of theoretical framework, non-equivalence of concepts and indicators, incomparability of units of analysis and unawareness of Galton's problem.
{"title":"Comparing Nations in Mass Communication Research, 1970-97","authors":"T. Chang, Patrick Berg, A. Fung, Kent D. Kedl, Catherine A. Luther, J. Szuba","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063005004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063005004","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to assess critically, within the framework of the sociology of knowledge, how we come to know what we know in comparative international communication research. The point of departure is the collective output of comparative international communication enterprise - the published articles in six major communication journals through which theories, methods and findings have been diffused and the cumulated knowledge made possible during the past three decades. A major concern is the general pattern of methodological approaches and epistemological positions as manifested in the existing comparative international communication studies. The common patterns in comparative international communication research include lack of theoretical framework, non-equivalence of concepts and indicators, incomparability of units of analysis and unawareness of Galton's problem.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"415 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063005004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063005005
Chengju Huang
Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese Communist Party's major provincial organs have established a large number of highly commercialized and urban-reader oriented daily newspapers, which are widely regarded as an `individual' press category called `city newspapers'. As an important press phenomenon that significantly reflects some recent changes in Chinese print media, the rise of city newspapers has attracted little attention in western communication scholarship so far. After a general description of the historical development of city newspapers, this article further examines their characteristics and impact on the Chinese press. The article argues that though market-oriented city newspapers are not independent operations but additional offerings of Party organs and therefore have little to do with the concept of press freedom, their emergence and rapid development significantly illustrate that the heyday of propaganda-oriented Party and government organs in China is apparently over, even though they still formally remain the authoritative voice of the ruling power. It is also argued that the growing success of city newspapers, while financially contributing to their parent Party organs, has brought challenges to them as well.
{"title":"China's State-Run Tabloids","authors":"Chengju Huang","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063005005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063005005","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese Communist Party's major provincial organs have established a large number of highly commercialized and urban-reader oriented daily newspapers, which are widely regarded as an `individual' press category called `city newspapers'. As an important press phenomenon that significantly reflects some recent changes in Chinese print media, the rise of city newspapers has attracted little attention in western communication scholarship so far. After a general description of the historical development of city newspapers, this article further examines their characteristics and impact on the Chinese press. The article argues that though market-oriented city newspapers are not independent operations but additional offerings of Party organs and therefore have little to do with the concept of press freedom, their emergence and rapid development significantly illustrate that the heyday of propaganda-oriented Party and government organs in China is apparently over, even though they still formally remain the authoritative voice of the ruling power. It is also argued that the growing success of city newspapers, while financially contributing to their parent Party organs, has brought challenges to them as well.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"435 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063005005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063004004
T. Tufte, M. Riis
This article is a cultural analysis conducted in a neighbourhood of Copenhagen, Indre Nørrebro, where approximately 20 percent of the population is of other than Danish ethnic origin. It sheds light on the structural characteristics of two strategic sites, or cultural fields, within which everyday life and identity formation of ethnic minorities take place. We deliberately explore how ethnicity works or does not work as a marker in the configuration of the two chosen cultural fields: public libraries and ethnic media. We analyse the role of these two cultural fields in the social formation of Indre Nørrebro as a neighbourhood and in the local citizens' process of producing locality and a sense of belonging. How are these cultural fields structurally configured and organized, and what role do they historically and contemporarily have in the neighbourhood? The implicit assumption is that both these cultural fields play significant roles as social and cultural mediators in the production of locality.
{"title":"Cultural Fields, Communication and Ethnicity","authors":"T. Tufte, M. Riis","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063004004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063004004","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a cultural analysis conducted in a neighbourhood of Copenhagen, Indre Nørrebro, where approximately 20 percent of the population is of other than Danish ethnic origin. It sheds light on the structural characteristics of two strategic sites, or cultural fields, within which everyday life and identity formation of ethnic minorities take place. We deliberately explore how ethnicity works or does not work as a marker in the configuration of the two chosen cultural fields: public libraries and ethnic media. We analyse the role of these two cultural fields in the social formation of Indre Nørrebro as a neighbourhood and in the local citizens' process of producing locality and a sense of belonging. How are these cultural fields structurally configured and organized, and what role do they historically and contemporarily have in the neighbourhood? The implicit assumption is that both these cultural fields play significant roles as social and cultural mediators in the production of locality.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"2676 1","pages":"331 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063004004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063004002
Nabil Echchaibi
There have been very few attempts to critically examine the issue of migration (in terms of the movement of people and cultures) in the light of recent theoretical and methodological developments in media studies. Research has focused mainly on migrants' representation in and reception of the mainstream media of the host country. While this line of research is still valuable, it obscures the role of migrants as active participants and producers of alternative media outlets that help in the articulation of their diasporic experience. This article discusses how, through radio and music, young North Africans in France negotiate, elaborate and reappropriate different cultural forms to carve out a place for themselves in French culture. A focus on production illuminates the value of media as a site where monolithic forms of cultural belonging are rejected and new hybrid ethnicities are forged.
{"title":"We Are French Too, but Different","authors":"Nabil Echchaibi","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063004002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063004002","url":null,"abstract":"There have been very few attempts to critically examine the issue of migration (in terms of the movement of people and cultures) in the light of recent theoretical and methodological developments in media studies. Research has focused mainly on migrants' representation in and reception of the mainstream media of the host country. While this line of research is still valuable, it obscures the role of migrants as active participants and producers of alternative media outlets that help in the articulation of their diasporic experience. This article discusses how, through radio and music, young North Africans in France negotiate, elaborate and reappropriate different cultural forms to carve out a place for themselves in French culture. A focus on production illuminates the value of media as a site where monolithic forms of cultural belonging are rejected and new hybrid ethnicities are forged.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"295 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063004002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063004003
Myria Georgiou
The focus of this article is on media consumption, as it relates to ethnic identity construction. In an attempt to surpass the domination of the domestic as the singular point of reference and research in media studies, the author turns to the public. On one hand, this choice relates to the conceptualization of media consumption as a cultural process exceeding narrowly perceived media use and being implicated in processes of identity and community construction. On the other, it is an attempt to investigate how ethnic identities, initially constructed in the domestic, are challenged and reaffirmed in the public, in processes of constructing group identities and community belongings. These questions are addressed and studied ethnographically in a case study of the Cypriot Community Centre in north London. For the local Greek Cypriot community, this centre is one of the most important ethnic points of reference - both as a real place and as a symbol of a visible and thriving community. The Cypriot Community Centre is an interesting case study for studying ethnicity being reconfirmed, but also redefined in the coexistence of Greek Cypriots with Turkish Cypriots; it is a space for studying ethnic media consumption becoming a public and a communal experience.
{"title":"Crossing the Boundaries of the Ethnic Home","authors":"Myria Georgiou","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063004003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063004003","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this article is on media consumption, as it relates to ethnic identity construction. In an attempt to surpass the domination of the domestic as the singular point of reference and research in media studies, the author turns to the public. On one hand, this choice relates to the conceptualization of media consumption as a cultural process exceeding narrowly perceived media use and being implicated in processes of identity and community construction. On the other, it is an attempt to investigate how ethnic identities, initially constructed in the domestic, are challenged and reaffirmed in the public, in processes of constructing group identities and community belongings. These questions are addressed and studied ethnographically in a case study of the Cypriot Community Centre in north London. For the local Greek Cypriot community, this centre is one of the most important ethnic points of reference - both as a real place and as a symbol of a visible and thriving community. The Cypriot Community Centre is an interesting case study for studying ethnicity being reconfirmed, but also redefined in the coexistence of Greek Cypriots with Turkish Cypriots; it is a space for studying ethnic media consumption becoming a public and a communal experience.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"41 1","pages":"311 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063004003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063004005
J. Schneider
The German debate on migration and citizenship reveals a close connection between the discourse on immigration (and the imagination of Germany as a multicultural society) and general perceptions of German national identity. The article analyses how `Germanness' is constructed and communicated through public and everyday discourses - on the basis of some recent empirical research that has been carried out in the field of discursive representations of German identity. This research confirmed the prominent role of the `internal Other' for dominant German self-definitions. The article then analyses the resultant strategic possibilities of these `Others'. The most central category of the `Other' in German self-definitions are the Ausländer (foreigners) and the role of the prototypical Ausländer is most prominently played by the German Turks. The article thus also focuses on self-definitions of German Turks and their responses to dominant role ascriptions.
{"title":"Talking German","authors":"J. Schneider","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063004005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063004005","url":null,"abstract":"The German debate on migration and citizenship reveals a close connection between the discourse on immigration (and the imagination of Germany as a multicultural society) and general perceptions of German national identity. The article analyses how `Germanness' is constructed and communicated through public and everyday discourses - on the basis of some recent empirical research that has been carried out in the field of discursive representations of German identity. This research confirmed the prominent role of the `internal Other' for dominant German self-definitions. The article then analyses the resultant strategic possibilities of these `Others'. The most central category of the `Other' in German self-definitions are the Ausländer (foreigners) and the role of the prototypical Ausländer is most prominently played by the German Turks. The article thus also focuses on self-definitions of German Turks and their responses to dominant role ascriptions.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"351 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063004005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-05-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063002002
Annabelle Sreberny
This overview attempts to place the region in wider historical and cultural contexts. The recent and rapid developments in media are discussed, while particular attention is paid to the dynamics of democratization, gender participation and Internet access in the Middle East.
{"title":"Mediated Culture in the Middle East: Diffusion, Democracy, Difficulties","authors":"Annabelle Sreberny","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063002002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063002002","url":null,"abstract":"This overview attempts to place the region in wider historical and cultural contexts. The recent and rapid developments in media are discussed, while particular attention is paid to the dynamics of democratization, gender participation and Internet access in the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"101 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063002002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65083613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-05-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063002008
S. Barraclough
This article describes the flawed attempts of successive governments in Pakistan to respond to the proliferation of satellite television during the 1990s. The popularity of Indian programming on satellite television is particularly galling, since it challenges the notion of a distinct Islamic identity in the subcontinent - the very ethos of Pakistan's existence. In spite of this challenge, neither the Nawaz Sharif nor Benazir Bhutto administrations were willing to allow news and current affairs on the national broadcaster to move away from their traditional role as the prime promotional vehicle for the government of the day. The availability of permissive programming of satellite television has heightened the sensitivities of conservative Islamic organizations, leading to a backlash against liberal experiments in the depiction of women and gender issues on national television under the Benazir Bhutto government, and a deeply conservative broadcasting agenda under the Nawaz Sharif government.
{"title":"Pakistani Television Politics in the 1990s","authors":"S. Barraclough","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063002008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063002008","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the flawed attempts of successive governments in Pakistan to respond to the proliferation of satellite television during the 1990s. The popularity of Indian programming on satellite television is particularly galling, since it challenges the notion of a distinct Islamic identity in the subcontinent - the very ethos of Pakistan's existence. In spite of this challenge, neither the Nawaz Sharif nor Benazir Bhutto administrations were willing to allow news and current affairs on the national broadcaster to move away from their traditional role as the prime promotional vehicle for the government of the day. The availability of permissive programming of satellite television has heightened the sensitivities of conservative Islamic organizations, leading to a backlash against liberal experiments in the depiction of women and gender issues on national television under the Benazir Bhutto government, and a deeply conservative broadcasting agenda under the Nawaz Sharif government.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"225 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063002008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-05-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063002010
Amal Jamal
This article analyses the complex mechanisms of media censorship, produced through both external and internal pressures, that are at work within Palestinian society. The article argues that there is an ongoing struggle for an open public sphere which is vital to Palestinian national development.
{"title":"State-Building and Media Regime","authors":"Amal Jamal","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063002010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063002010","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the complex mechanisms of media censorship, produced through both external and internal pressures, that are at work within Palestinian society. The article argues that there is an ongoing struggle for an open public sphere which is vital to Palestinian national development.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"263 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063002010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65084315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-05-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549201063002004
N. Sakr
With Arab-owned satellite channels of all types now broadcasting in all directions, from inside and outside the Arab world, state-centric approaches are no longer valid for analysing power relations in this field. Combining Susan Strange's theory of structural power with Robert Cox's model of world hegemony, developed from the work of Antonio Gramsci, this article proposes an alternative perspective from which to view the organizational formulae adopted for satellite broadcasting. After showing how labels such as national and public cannot be stretched to fit even Egypt's state-owned satellite channels, the article compares competing visions for the future of Egyptian satellite broadcasting on the basis of whether they conform to world hegemonic orthodoxies or challenge them.
{"title":"Contested Blueprints for Egypt's Satellite Channels","authors":"N. Sakr","doi":"10.1177/0016549201063002004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549201063002004","url":null,"abstract":"With Arab-owned satellite channels of all types now broadcasting in all directions, from inside and outside the Arab world, state-centric approaches are no longer valid for analysing power relations in this field. Combining Susan Strange's theory of structural power with Robert Cox's model of world hegemony, developed from the work of Antonio Gramsci, this article proposes an alternative perspective from which to view the organizational formulae adopted for satellite broadcasting. After showing how labels such as national and public cannot be stretched to fit even Egypt's state-owned satellite channels, the article compares competing visions for the future of Egyptian satellite broadcasting on the basis of whether they conform to world hegemonic orthodoxies or challenge them.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"63 1","pages":"149 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549201063002004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65083821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：