Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205050129
K. Sarikakis
The role of the European Parliament in the formation of media and cultural policies is a largely underresearched area, despite the implications of the institution’s active involvement in supranational decision-making regimes for emancipatory politics in Europe. Through a historical overview, this article argues that the EP has successfully defended existing communicative spaces and promoted the creation of new ones. In its efforts to defend European communications and culture from processes of cultural domination, however, it has failed to acknowledge dominations within the EU. The article positions the institution within a supranational arrangement of economic and political power and identifies the structural constraints and resistance space for public interest centred politics.
{"title":"Defending Communicative Spaces","authors":"K. Sarikakis","doi":"10.1177/0016549205050129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205050129","url":null,"abstract":"The role of the European Parliament in the formation of media and cultural policies is a largely underresearched area, despite the implications of the institution’s active involvement in supranational decision-making regimes for emancipatory politics in Europe. Through a historical overview, this article argues that the EP has successfully defended existing communicative spaces and promoted the creation of new ones. In its efforts to defend European communications and culture from processes of cultural domination, however, it has failed to acknowledge dominations within the EU. The article positions the institution within a supranational arrangement of economic and political power and identifies the structural constraints and resistance space for public interest centred politics.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"66 1","pages":"155 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205050129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205050127
Robert L. Spellman
Jonathan Randal, who covered the Balkan Wars for The Washington Post, was subpoenaed to testify before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. He challenged the subpoena. The Tribunal Appeals Chamber ruled that war correspondents have a qualified privilege to refuse to testify before the tribunal. The court held that it must balance the interest in free flow of information from war zones against the interest in the fair administration of justice. This article argues that the Appeals Chamber holding was deficient because it omitted the safety of the correspondent, his family and his sources from the equation. The American case of Robert Young Pelton, who interviewed John Walker Lindh in Afghanistan for Cable News Network (CNN), is also reviewed.
为《华盛顿邮报》报道巴尔干战争的乔纳森·兰德尔(Jonathan Randal)被传唤到前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭作证。他对传票提出异议。法庭上诉分庭裁定战地记者有权拒绝在法庭作证。法院认为，它必须在信息从战区自由流动的利益与公平司法的利益之间取得平衡。该条争辩说，上诉分庭的裁定有不足之处，因为它从等式中忽略了通讯员、其家人和其来源的安全。美国的罗伯特·杨·佩尔顿(Robert Young Pelton)在阿富汗为有线电视新闻网(CNN)采访约翰·沃克·林德(John Walker Lindh)的案件也被审查。
{"title":"Journalist or Witness?","authors":"Robert L. Spellman","doi":"10.1177/0016549205050127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205050127","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan Randal, who covered the Balkan Wars for The Washington Post, was subpoenaed to testify before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. He challenged the subpoena. The Tribunal Appeals Chamber ruled that war correspondents have a qualified privilege to refuse to testify before the tribunal. The court held that it must balance the interest in free flow of information from war zones against the interest in the fair administration of justice. This article argues that the Appeals Chamber holding was deficient because it omitted the safety of the correspondent, his family and his sources from the equation. The American case of Robert Young Pelton, who interviewed John Walker Lindh in Afghanistan for Cable News Network (CNN), is also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"123 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205050127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-04-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205050131
Philip J. Auter, M. Arafa, K. Al-Jaber
Al-Jazeera typifies the West’s perception of the new Arab satellite news channel. Seemingly rising from out of nowhere, the fledgling Al-Jazeera satellite news channel took a western-style cable news format and adapted it to the cultural perspectives of a Middle Eastern audience. As a result, it has become one of the most popular news channels with people in the Middle East and Arab expatriates around the world. One reason for this popularity may be the result of audiences identifying with their favorite news personalities on the network - possibly even developing a mock-interpersonal relationship with them. This ‘parasocial interaction’ may be linked to viewing levels, perceptions of the network as credible and a number of motives for watching the channel. To test these possibilities, the authors surveyed over 5300 Al-Jazeera users during a two-week period in 2002. They found strong evidence that parasocial interaction is related to amount of time spent with the channel and belief in the network’s credibility.
{"title":"Identifying with Arabic Journalists","authors":"Philip J. Auter, M. Arafa, K. Al-Jaber","doi":"10.1177/0016549205050131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205050131","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Jazeera typifies the West’s perception of the new Arab satellite news channel. Seemingly rising from out of nowhere, the fledgling Al-Jazeera satellite news channel took a western-style cable news format and adapted it to the cultural perspectives of a Middle Eastern audience. As a result, it has become one of the most popular news channels with people in the Middle East and Arab expatriates around the world. One reason for this popularity may be the result of audiences identifying with their favorite news personalities on the network - possibly even developing a mock-interpersonal relationship with them. This ‘parasocial interaction’ may be linked to viewing levels, perceptions of the network as credible and a number of motives for watching the channel. To test these possibilities, the authors surveyed over 5300 Al-Jazeera users during a two-week period in 2002. They found strong evidence that parasocial interaction is related to amount of time spent with the channel and belief in the network’s credibility.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"189 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205050131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205049177
L. Fortunati
To measure the impact of the internet on the traditional media, researchers usually begin by considering their presence and use online. The hypothesis of this article is that the most crucial measure of the impact of the internet on the classic media does not depend on the more-or-less forced invasion of the internet by the press, radio and television, but is to be sought in other processes. More exactly, it is to be found in the mediatization of the net, both fixed (computer/internet) and mobile (internet/mobile phone), and in the ‘internetization’ of the classic mass media. These two processes at the same time enable one to measure the impact of traditional media on the internet, making it possible to trace the succession of thrusts and counter-thrusts, modifications and reciprocal incursions, for which the traditional means of communication and the internet have been responsible.
{"title":"Mediatization of the Net and Internetization of the Mass Media","authors":"L. Fortunati","doi":"10.1177/0016549205049177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205049177","url":null,"abstract":"To measure the impact of the internet on the traditional media, researchers usually begin by considering their presence and use online. The hypothesis of this article is that the most crucial measure of the impact of the internet on the classic media does not depend on the more-or-less forced invasion of the internet by the press, radio and television, but is to be sought in other processes. More exactly, it is to be found in the mediatization of the net, both fixed (computer/internet) and mobile (internet/mobile phone), and in the ‘internetization’ of the classic mass media. These two processes at the same time enable one to measure the impact of traditional media on the internet, making it possible to trace the succession of thrusts and counter-thrusts, modifications and reciprocal incursions, for which the traditional means of communication and the internet have been responsible.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"27 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205049177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205049179
Ramón Salaverría
The events which occurred on 11 September 2001 were unprecedented in many ways. This article discusses how online newspapers reported on these events. Applying a descriptive methodology to a sample of 18 online newspapers from nine countries, this article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of online newspapers that could be seen that day. It shows the consolidation of the internet as an important global medium, as well as the impetus for multiple media synergies and for new multimedia formats that emerged from these events. But it also points to the lack of technological readiness of the medium, its editorial immaturity, and its reluctant use of its interactive capabilities. In conclusion, this article uses an important test case for the reporting of breaking news, to present an overview of the editorial strengths and weaknesses of online newspapers at the beginning of the 21st century.
{"title":"An Immature Medium","authors":"Ramón Salaverría","doi":"10.1177/0016549205049179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205049179","url":null,"abstract":"The events which occurred on 11 September 2001 were unprecedented in many ways. This article discusses how online newspapers reported on these events. Applying a descriptive methodology to a sample of 18 online newspapers from nine countries, this article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of online newspapers that could be seen that day. It shows the consolidation of the internet as an important global medium, as well as the impetus for multiple media synergies and for new multimedia formats that emerged from these events. But it also points to the lack of technological readiness of the medium, its editorial immaturity, and its reluctant use of its interactive capabilities. In conclusion, this article uses an important test case for the reporting of breaking news, to present an overview of the editorial strengths and weaknesses of online newspapers at the beginning of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"69 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205049179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205049178
J. O’Sullivan
Much of the rhetoric surrounding new media has centred on their potential democratically to reform public communications through more diverse, more open and more accountable journalism and debate. This article details a study of Irish online news, based on observation of a variety of websites and on a series of interviews with journalists, to test whether this potential has begun to be realized and whether practitioners share such a vision. Enhancement of content, interactivity, immediacy, increased depth and new ways of telling stories are some of the possibilities that are present, or at least latent, in online news. But these possibilities are seldom or only partially brought to fruit. What emerges from observation of online news in action, and from discussions with those providing its content, is far from a revolution in media, but an expression of the cautious continuity, if not inertia, of media content and practice.
{"title":"Delivering Ireland","authors":"J. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1177/0016549205049178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205049178","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the rhetoric surrounding new media has centred on their potential democratically to reform public communications through more diverse, more open and more accountable journalism and debate. This article details a study of Irish online news, based on observation of a variety of websites and on a series of interviews with journalists, to test whether this potential has begun to be realized and whether practitioners share such a vision. Enhancement of content, interactivity, immediacy, increased depth and new ways of telling stories are some of the possibilities that are present, or at least latent, in online news. But these possibilities are seldom or only partially brought to fruit. What emerges from observation of online news in action, and from discussions with those providing its content, is far from a revolution in media, but an expression of the cautious continuity, if not inertia, of media content and practice.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"45 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205049178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205049180
T. Oblak
The main focus of this article is related to the forms of mediated content that are offered in online space. Two specific aspects of new cyber-textuality are discussed - the notion of hyper-textuality and the potential of interactivity. Both characteristics are understood as new challenges that reflect specific communication potentials of the internet. In an empirical sense, the article tries to show the extent these significant forms of mediation are used in online media news. For this reason a comparison between media content in print and online media has been made. The findings reveal the lack of interactivity in practice and explore its diversity as a communication form between media producers and reader. Regarding the hypertextuality, the analysis shows the complexity of this concept, which in the realm of news media online is still maturing.
{"title":"The Lack of Interactivity and Hypertextuality in Online Media","authors":"T. Oblak","doi":"10.1177/0016549205049180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205049180","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of this article is related to the forms of mediated content that are offered in online space. Two specific aspects of new cyber-textuality are discussed - the notion of hyper-textuality and the potential of interactivity. Both characteristics are understood as new challenges that reflect specific communication potentials of the internet. In an empirical sense, the article tries to show the extent these significant forms of mediation are used in online media news. For this reason a comparison between media content in print and online media has been made. The findings reveal the lack of interactivity in practice and explore its diversity as a communication form between media producers and reader. Regarding the hypertextuality, the analysis shows the complexity of this concept, which in the realm of news media online is still maturing.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"106 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205049180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65086838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205049181
Richard van der Wurff
The contributions in this special issue show that the internet has several and contradictory impacts on newspapers. The internet intensifies competition on mature newspaper markets, but also offer newspaper publishers additional means to reinforce their competitive position. The way in which publishers use these new opportunities results in the ‘mediatization’ of the internet. The corresponding trend of the ‘internetization’ of traditional media is less strong and clear-cut. One consequence of these developments is that online news media, and in particular online newspapers, are subordinate and subservient to print newspapers, and therefore still in search of their own online role at the beginning of the 21st century.
{"title":"Impacts of the Internet on Newspapers in Europe","authors":"Richard van der Wurff","doi":"10.1177/0016549205049181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205049181","url":null,"abstract":"The contributions in this special issue show that the internet has several and contradictory impacts on newspapers. The internet intensifies competition on mature newspaper markets, but also offer newspaper publishers additional means to reinforce their competitive position. The way in which publishers use these new opportunities results in the ‘mediatization’ of the internet. The corresponding trend of the ‘internetization’ of traditional media is less strong and clear-cut. One consequence of these developments is that online news media, and in particular online newspapers, are subordinate and subservient to print newspapers, and therefore still in search of their own online role at the beginning of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"107 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205049181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65086893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549205049175
Richard van der Wurff
This special issue of Gazette brings together articles that discuss the impact of the internet on printed media, and in particular newspapers, in different countries in Europe. The articles are written by scholars from five different European countries. They are the result of discussions and research carried out within the framework of COST Action A20 on ‘The Impact of the Internet on Mass Media’, chaired by Colin Sparks from Westminster University, UK. The emergence of the internet as a news medium has at least two effects on the availability of news and information, on opportunities for citizens to discuss current affairs and on the vitality of the public sphere. On the one hand, online news services expand the available supply of news, information and discussion forums; on the other hand, they force traditional news media to reorient themselves and adapt their roles in information markets to a new competitive situation. The articles in this special issue discuss both effects, focusing primarily on online and offline newspapers. They support their arguments with evidence from different European countries, adding a welcome European flavour to the ongoing international debate on the impact of internet on mass media.
{"title":"Introduction: Impacts of the Internet on Newspapers in Europe","authors":"Richard van der Wurff","doi":"10.1177/0016549205049175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549205049175","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of Gazette brings together articles that discuss the impact of the internet on printed media, and in particular newspapers, in different countries in Europe. The articles are written by scholars from five different European countries. They are the result of discussions and research carried out within the framework of COST Action A20 on ‘The Impact of the Internet on Mass Media’, chaired by Colin Sparks from Westminster University, UK. The emergence of the internet as a news medium has at least two effects on the availability of news and information, on opportunities for citizens to discuss current affairs and on the vitality of the public sphere. On the one hand, online news services expand the available supply of news, information and discussion forums; on the other hand, they force traditional news media to reorient themselves and adapt their roles in information markets to a new competitive situation. The articles in this special issue discuss both effects, focusing primarily on online and offline newspapers. They support their arguments with evidence from different European countries, adding a welcome European flavour to the ongoing international debate on the impact of internet on mass media.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"67 1","pages":"5 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549205049175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-01DOI: 10.1177/0016549204047573
C. M. Stewart, Gisela Gil-Egui, Mary S. Pileggi
This article explores the feasibility of applying the public trust doctrine (PTD) to the management of portals and search engines and discusses these tools’ crucial role for the materialization of the e-commons. The PTD establishes that certain resources are to be publicly owned and preserved because they are deemed essential for society. Through a theoretical and historical analysis of the doctrine, the authors contend that it is also possible to extend its application to cyberspace as a way to protect users’ right to navigate the Internet’s main gateways and roadways without ‘pay-per-placement’, targeted categorizations and other obstructions imposed by commercial web resources to access content.
{"title":"Applying the Public Trust Doctrine to the Governance of Content-Related Internet Resources","authors":"C. M. Stewart, Gisela Gil-Egui, Mary S. Pileggi","doi":"10.1177/0016549204047573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0016549204047573","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the feasibility of applying the public trust doctrine (PTD) to the management of portals and search engines and discusses these tools’ crucial role for the materialization of the e-commons. The PTD establishes that certain resources are to be publicly owned and preserved because they are deemed essential for society. Through a theoretical and historical analysis of the doctrine, the authors contend that it is also possible to extend its application to cyberspace as a way to protect users’ right to navigate the Internet’s main gateways and roadways without ‘pay-per-placement’, targeted categorizations and other obstructions imposed by commercial web resources to access content.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"66 1","pages":"497 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0016549204047573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65087105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：