Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640060101
I. Banerjee
The global market for cultural commodities has been characterized by profound imbalances and deepening processes of consolidation and concentration. Although these trends continue to be prominent features of the global media landscape, this article argues that its implications are not as damaging for local and national cultures as many theorists have claimed. First, recent theoretical and critical analyses of media and their impact on cultures reveal that cultural change has to be understood as a dynamic articulation between local and transcultural forces. Moreover, cultures are far more resilient than proclaimed and find numerous ways to diffuse and rejuvenate themselves. Second, and this is perhaps the main focus of the present article, recent developments in broadcasting across the world challenge the very basis of media and cultural imperialism theories and discourses. This challenge is raised by the significant growth in local and regional television production and programming, which is spurred on by the constitution of cultural diasporas.
{"title":"The Locals Strike Back?","authors":"I. Banerjee","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640060101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640060101","url":null,"abstract":"The global market for cultural commodities has been characterized by profound imbalances and deepening processes of consolidation and concentration. Although these trends continue to be prominent features of the global media landscape, this article argues that its implications are not as damaging for local and national cultures as many theorists have claimed. First, recent theoretical and critical analyses of media and their impact on cultures reveal that cultural change has to be understood as a dynamic articulation between local and transcultural forces. Moreover, cultures are far more resilient than proclaimed and find numerous ways to diffuse and rejuvenate themselves. Second, and this is perhaps the main focus of the present article, recent developments in broadcasting across the world challenge the very basis of media and cultural imperialism theories and discourses. This challenge is raised by the significant growth in local and regional television production and programming, which is spurred on by the constitution of cultural diasporas.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"517 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640060101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640060201
D. Caspi, Hanna Adoni, A. Cohen, Nelly Elias
The two waves of immigration to Israel from the former Soviet Union, in the 1970s and the 1990s, have created the largest (over one million people) and most distinct cultural and linguistic ethnic community. Russian-speaking immigrants soon developed their own cultural institutions and attained significant political power. Rising communication needs led to the swift development of Russian media, including radio, television and over one hundred newspapers and periodicals, which fulfill a dual function: preserving one's former identity and ties to the old country while addressing newly created problems of acculturation, thereby reflecting contradictory trends of segregation and integration typical of migrant communities. This article explores the characteristics of the Russian broadcast and print media in Israel during their golden age and analyzes their social and cultural context by relating to two factors: the structural position of the Russian cultural minority as a voluntary `returning Diaspora', and the type of cultural field developed by this type of minority.
{"title":"The Red, the White and the Blue","authors":"D. Caspi, Hanna Adoni, A. Cohen, Nelly Elias","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640060201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640060201","url":null,"abstract":"The two waves of immigration to Israel from the former Soviet Union, in the 1970s and the 1990s, have created the largest (over one million people) and most distinct cultural and linguistic ethnic community. Russian-speaking immigrants soon developed their own cultural institutions and attained significant political power. Rising communication needs led to the swift development of Russian media, including radio, television and over one hundred newspapers and periodicals, which fulfill a dual function: preserving one's former identity and ties to the old country while addressing newly created problems of acculturation, thereby reflecting contradictory trends of segregation and integration typical of migrant communities. This article explores the characteristics of the Russian broadcast and print media in Israel during their golden age and analyzes their social and cultural context by relating to two factors: the structural position of the Russian cultural minority as a voluntary `returning Diaspora', and the type of cultural field developed by this type of minority.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"537 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640060201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-12-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640060301
Prahalad Sooknanan, S. Melkote, E. Skinner
New communication technologies, such as computers, are particularly beneficial to several development initiatives including education. In an attempt to ascertain the feasibility of successfully diffusing computers in classrooms in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), this article examines the relationship between the independent variables of teachers' attitudes toward computers and perceived innovation characteristics, and the dependent variables of teacher satisfaction and utilization. The results underscored the importance of attitudinal and perceptual factors to the successful implementation of computers in the classroom. Specifically, the findings have policy-making implications regarding the government's campaign to implement educational computing throughout the educational system in T&T.
{"title":"Diffusion of an Educational Innovation in Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"Prahalad Sooknanan, S. Melkote, E. Skinner","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640060301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640060301","url":null,"abstract":"New communication technologies, such as computers, are particularly beneficial to several development initiatives including education. In an attempt to ascertain the feasibility of successfully diffusing computers in classrooms in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), this article examines the relationship between the independent variables of teachers' attitudes toward computers and perceived innovation characteristics, and the dependent variables of teacher satisfaction and utilization. The results underscored the importance of attitudinal and perceptual factors to the successful implementation of computers in the classroom. Specifically, the findings have policy-making implications regarding the government's campaign to implement educational computing throughout the educational system in T&T.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"557 - 571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640060301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640050401
J. Servaes
This article addresses some of the complex issues related to the so-called `European information society' from at least three interrelated perspectives: from theory (on the basis of a brief literature review), from practice (referring to a number of available surveys and research data) and from a policy perspective. It points at major contradictions in and between both European policy statements and the data collected as part of the ongoing Measuring Information Society (MIS) surveys. The article concludes by formulating a number of recommendations for both policy-makers and researchers.
{"title":"The European Information Society: Much Ado About Nothing?","authors":"J. Servaes","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640050401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640050401","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses some of the complex issues related to the so-called `European information society' from at least three interrelated perspectives: from theory (on the basis of a brief literature review), from practice (referring to a number of available surveys and research data) and from a policy perspective. It points at major contradictions in and between both European policy statements and the data collected as part of the ongoing Measuring Information Society (MIS) surveys. The article concludes by formulating a number of recommendations for both policy-makers and researchers.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"433 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640050401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640050101
P. Bakker, Special Issue
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the Eastern European Communist states did not only affect the political sphere. Scholars from different disciplines soon became interested in these new ‘transitional’ societies. These societies represented a paradoxical model of society that was virtual unknown so far: a postCommunist power structure with a capitalist economy. Mass communication scientists were very interested in this new model; how for instance could the media play an active role (independent, professional, with full freedom of speech) when they still were subject to traditional government pressures and control? These sorts of questions were addressed in four different expert meetings that were organized by the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University and the Amsterdam School of Communications Research, ASCoR. Scholars from these institutions and other experts from all over the world attended these meetings. The concept of the ‘open society’ developed by Karl Popper in the 1940s and revitalized by George Soros in the 1990s served as a basis for these discussions. In the first article in this issue, ‘With Two Feet on Firm Ground and Diverse Heads Up in the Air: Conclusions of Four Expert Meetings on Media and Open Societies in East and West’, Richard van der Wurff summarizes the results of four years of Open Societies Expert Meetings. He shows how the central theme of the meetings has moved from an initial focus on government policies and a balance of power between media and societal organizations and groups, to internal motivations for innovation, tolerance and appreciation of diversity. In the last (2001) meeting much attention was given to the role of the Internet in modern society, however it is not yet clear if this new medium will be a solution for the problems modern societies face. The other six contributions in this issue focus on the role of the Internet. Yassen Zassoursky takes a theoretical and normative approach in ‘Media and Communications as the Vehicle of the Open Society: The Internet and the Global Society’. He envisions the open society concept as one of the few possible means of solving the problems modern society is facing these days, especially in the aftermath of the attacks of 11 September. He combines and compares the idea of the open society with concepts like the information society, the civil society, the knowledge society, the consumerist society, the permissive society, and religious and ideological fundamentalism. In ‘The European Information Society: Much Ado About Nothing?’, Jan GAZETTE: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR COMMUNICATION STUDIES
苏联和东欧共产主义国家的崩溃不仅影响了政治领域。不同学科的学者很快对这些新的“过渡”社会产生了兴趣。这些社会代表了一种迄今为止几乎不为人知的矛盾的社会模式:后共产主义的权力结构与资本主义经济。大众传播科学家对这种新模式非常感兴趣;例如，当媒体仍然受到传统的政府压力和控制时，它们如何发挥积极作用(独立、专业、有充分的言论自由)?莫斯科国立大学新闻学院和阿姆斯特丹通讯研究学院组织了四次不同的专家会议，讨论了这类问题。来自这些机构的学者和来自世界各地的其他专家参加了这些会议。卡尔·波普尔(Karl Popper)在20世纪40年代提出的“开放社会”概念，在20世纪90年代被乔治·索罗斯(George Soros)复兴，成为这些讨论的基础。在本期的第一篇文章《脚踏实地，抬头求索:东西方媒体与开放社会四次专家会议的结论》中，Richard van der Wurff总结了四年来开放社会专家会议的成果。他展示了会议的中心主题如何从最初关注政府政策和媒体与社会组织和团体之间的权力平衡，转变为创新、宽容和欣赏多样性的内在动机。在上一次(2001年)会议上，人们对互联网在现代社会中的作用给予了很大的关注，然而，尚不清楚这种新媒介是否能解决现代社会面临的问题。本期的其他六篇文章关注的是互联网的作用。Yassen Zassoursky在《媒体与传播作为开放社会的载体:互联网与全球社会》一书中采用了理论和规范的方法。他设想开放社会概念是解决现代社会目前面临的问题的少数可能手段之一，特别是在9 / 11袭击之后。他将开放社会的概念与信息社会、公民社会、知识社会、消费主义社会、宽容社会以及宗教和意识形态原教旨主义等概念结合并进行了比较。在《欧洲信息社会:无事生非?》《国际传播研究期刊》
{"title":"Introduction: Open Societies and the Study of Mass Communication","authors":"P. Bakker, Special Issue","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640050101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640050101","url":null,"abstract":"The collapse of the Soviet Union and the Eastern European Communist states did not only affect the political sphere. Scholars from different disciplines soon became interested in these new ‘transitional’ societies. These societies represented a paradoxical model of society that was virtual unknown so far: a postCommunist power structure with a capitalist economy. Mass communication scientists were very interested in this new model; how for instance could the media play an active role (independent, professional, with full freedom of speech) when they still were subject to traditional government pressures and control? These sorts of questions were addressed in four different expert meetings that were organized by the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University and the Amsterdam School of Communications Research, ASCoR. Scholars from these institutions and other experts from all over the world attended these meetings. The concept of the ‘open society’ developed by Karl Popper in the 1940s and revitalized by George Soros in the 1990s served as a basis for these discussions. In the first article in this issue, ‘With Two Feet on Firm Ground and Diverse Heads Up in the Air: Conclusions of Four Expert Meetings on Media and Open Societies in East and West’, Richard van der Wurff summarizes the results of four years of Open Societies Expert Meetings. He shows how the central theme of the meetings has moved from an initial focus on government policies and a balance of power between media and societal organizations and groups, to internal motivations for innovation, tolerance and appreciation of diversity. In the last (2001) meeting much attention was given to the role of the Internet in modern society, however it is not yet clear if this new medium will be a solution for the problems modern societies face. The other six contributions in this issue focus on the role of the Internet. Yassen Zassoursky takes a theoretical and normative approach in ‘Media and Communications as the Vehicle of the Open Society: The Internet and the Global Society’. He envisions the open society concept as one of the few possible means of solving the problems modern society is facing these days, especially in the aftermath of the attacks of 11 September. He combines and compares the idea of the open society with concepts like the information society, the civil society, the knowledge society, the consumerist society, the permissive society, and religious and ideological fundamentalism. In ‘The European Information Society: Much Ado About Nothing?’, Jan GAZETTE: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR COMMUNICATION STUDIES","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"405 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640050101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640050601
I. Netchaeva
E-government can make government institutions more transparent, help citizens to obtain access to public information and broaden their participation in the democratic processes. But it is doubtful that all these possibilities can be fully realized today or in the very near future, because only a small proportion of the world population has access to the Internet. This article analyses the possibilities and obstacles to using the Internet to promote democracy in different regions. It compares the situation of e-government and democracy in the North and South. The article focuses in particular on South Africa's experience, as a country which lives in both the developed and developing world at the same time.
{"title":"E-Government and E-Democracy","authors":"I. Netchaeva","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640050601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640050601","url":null,"abstract":"E-government can make government institutions more transparent, help citizens to obtain access to public information and broaden their participation in the democratic processes. But it is doubtful that all these possibilities can be fully realized today or in the very near future, because only a small proportion of the world population has access to the Internet. This article analyses the possibilities and obstacles to using the Internet to promote democracy in different regions. It compares the situation of e-government and democracy in the North and South. The article focuses in particular on South Africa's experience, as a country which lives in both the developed and developing world at the same time.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"16 1","pages":"467 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640050601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640050701
N. Krasnoboka
Recently conducted research on the political role of the Internet in societies in transition reveals the importance of the online media. Online media are the most prominent (in terms of popularity) news and political websites in these countries. They play an important role in the current political affairs there. Online media as a research area is poorly developed not only in the transitional societies but also in the established democracies. Moreover, researchers in this field seldom make a distinction between online versions of traditional media and original online outlets. Although this distinction may be of less importance for established democracies, it appears to be crucial for other countries. Based on the case study of Ukraine and Russia this article explores the definition and categorization of online media. It also investigates reasons for online media emergence. The major differences between original online media and online versions of traditional media are outlined and discussed. The role of online media in societies in transition is analysed.
{"title":"`Real Journalism Goes Underground: the Internet Underground'","authors":"N. Krasnoboka","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640050701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640050701","url":null,"abstract":"Recently conducted research on the political role of the Internet in societies in transition reveals the importance of the online media. Online media are the most prominent (in terms of popularity) news and political websites in these countries. They play an important role in the current political affairs there. Online media as a research area is poorly developed not only in the transitional societies but also in the established democracies. Moreover, researchers in this field seldom make a distinction between online versions of traditional media and original online outlets. Although this distinction may be of less importance for established democracies, it appears to be crucial for other countries. Based on the case study of Ukraine and Russia this article explores the definition and categorization of online media. It also investigates reasons for online media emergence. The major differences between original online media and online versions of traditional media are outlined and discussed. The role of online media in societies in transition is analysed.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"479 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640050701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640050801
Jo Bardoel
The use of news and journalistic information on the Internet is still modest, although much higher among the young, but it raises the question — after the hype — how relevant the network is as a vehicle for journalism and public communication. Drawing mainly from the Dutch experience, the author first looks at the actual journalistic practices on the Internet and notices that network media begin to overcome the stage of `shovelware'. A fourth form of journalism is taking shape: `network' or `online journalism'. In the second part the author tackles the question of what relevance the Internet has in relation to public communication as a whole and which communication policies are and should be developed in order to stimulate journalistic production on the Internet.
{"title":"The Internet, Journalism and Public Communication Policies","authors":"Jo Bardoel","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640050801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640050801","url":null,"abstract":"The use of news and journalistic information on the Internet is still modest, although much higher among the young, but it raises the question — after the hype — how relevant the network is as a vehicle for journalism and public communication. Drawing mainly from the Dutch experience, the author first looks at the actual journalistic practices on the Internet and notices that network media begin to overcome the stage of `shovelware'. A fourth form of journalism is taking shape: `network' or `online journalism'. In the second part the author tackles the question of what relevance the Internet has in relation to public communication as a whole and which communication policies are and should be developed in order to stimulate journalistic production on the Internet.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"501 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640050801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640050201
Richard van der Wurff
`Open societies' are democratic societies in which people act upon the belief that no one possesses the ultimate truth. This article reviews debates of communication scholars at four Expert Meetings on whether and how media can contribute to openness and democracy in societies in East and West. It argues that a balance of power between media and societal organizations and groups (advertisers, audiences, governments) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for media to be open and contribute to democracy. In addition, we need media professionals, media organizations and audiences to be internally motivated to aim for innovation, tolerance and appreciation of diversity. The article illustrates this argument with a discussion of the proclaimed empowering role of the Internet, and clarifies why it comes as no surprise that some patterns of Internet usage close off rather than open up an informed exchange of ideas and opinions. The article concludes with some suggestions for future research on media, the Internet and open societies.
{"title":"With Two Feet On Firm Ground and Diverse Heads Up in the Air","authors":"Richard van der Wurff","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640050201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640050201","url":null,"abstract":"`Open societies' are democratic societies in which people act upon the belief that no one possesses the ultimate truth. This article reviews debates of communication scholars at four Expert Meetings on whether and how media can contribute to openness and democracy in societies in East and West. It argues that a balance of power between media and societal organizations and groups (advertisers, audiences, governments) is a necessary but not sufficient condition for media to be open and contribute to democracy. In addition, we need media professionals, media organizations and audiences to be internally motivated to aim for innovation, tolerance and appreciation of diversity. The article illustrates this argument with a discussion of the proclaimed empowering role of the Internet, and clarifies why it comes as no surprise that some patterns of Internet usage close off rather than open up an informed exchange of ideas and opinions. The article concludes with some suggestions for future research on media, the Internet and open societies.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"64 1","pages":"407 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640050201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1177/17480485020640050501
E. Vartanova
The progress of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in post-Socialist countries is characterized by uneven economic and technological development, thus leading to contradictory results. Both industry and the social/cultural policies of these countries generally assume that the consequences of ICTs are negative. Various barriers to digital equality have been identified, determined mostly by particular national circumstances. The media markets in post-Socialist countries have experienced negative trends. New social discrepancies have been reproduced in access to ICTs and Internet. The role of market and corporate business in reshaping media systems appears to be anarchic, thus making states more responsible for providing equal access to Internet. Policies to overcome this `digital divide' seem to be numerous, but in various post-Socialist countries the focus is generally on developing universal access in public places. The article attempts to analyse the factors which shape the patterns of new media uses, and the principal solutions to close the digital divide in the post-Socialist countries of `Big Europe'.
{"title":"Digital Divide and the Changing Political/Media Environment of Post-Socialist Europe","authors":"E. Vartanova","doi":"10.1177/17480485020640050501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17480485020640050501","url":null,"abstract":"The progress of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in post-Socialist countries is characterized by uneven economic and technological development, thus leading to contradictory results. Both industry and the social/cultural policies of these countries generally assume that the consequences of ICTs are negative. Various barriers to digital equality have been identified, determined mostly by particular national circumstances. The media markets in post-Socialist countries have experienced negative trends. New social discrepancies have been reproduced in access to ICTs and Internet. The role of market and corporate business in reshaping media systems appears to be anarchic, thus making states more responsible for providing equal access to Internet. Policies to overcome this `digital divide' seem to be numerous, but in various post-Socialist countries the focus is generally on developing universal access in public places. The article attempts to analyse the factors which shape the patterns of new media uses, and the principal solutions to close the digital divide in the post-Socialist countries of `Big Europe'.","PeriodicalId":84790,"journal":{"name":"Gazette","volume":"49 1","pages":"449 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/17480485020640050501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65552307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：