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(NON-) ENGAGEMENT OF SLOVENIAN HERBAL ENTERPRISES IN THE BALKAN HERB MARKET: HERBS AS A TEMPLATE FOR LOCALLY ORIENTED BUSINESS MODELS IN RURAL AREAS (非)斯洛文尼亚草药企业参与巴尔干草药市场:草药作为农村地区本地导向商业模式的模板
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.41.09
The international herb market is a significant economic sector and is particularly important for less developed countries where most of the world´s herbs are grown. Countries of the Balkan Peninsula are significant herb suppliers, where cultivation and wild harvesting of the herb also plays an important social and cultural role. Historically, Slovenia has been an importer of herbs, mainly from Balkan countries. Within Slovenia, the herb industry has primarily been based on production and service activities, with operators selling most of their products on the local market. In our analysis, we examined (10) herbal enterprises whose business models include six important elements (product diversity, sales channels, the potential for expansion of the range of products, promotion, networking as well as the availability of labour and succession planning). These elements are strongly influenced by the characteristics of the operator or business owner, specifically, their age, formal education levels, age of the business (extent of business experience), and the reasons for starting a business. For businesses to be successful, linking of elements within the business model as well as connecting with the wider (business) environment are critical factors.
国际草药市场是一个重要的经济部门,对世界上大多数草药种植的欠发达国家尤其重要。巴尔干半岛国家是重要的草药供应国,在那里,草药的种植和野生收获也发挥着重要的社会和文化作用。历史上,斯洛文尼亚一直是主要从巴尔干国家进口草药的国家。在斯洛文尼亚,草药产业主要以生产和服务活动为基础,经营者在当地市场上销售大部分产品。在我们的分析中,我们考察了10家草药企业,它们的商业模式包括六个重要要素(产品多样性、销售渠道、产品范围扩展的潜力、促销、网络以及劳动力的可用性和继任计划)。这些因素受到经营者或企业主的特征的强烈影响,特别是他们的年龄、正规教育程度、企业的年龄(经营经验的程度)以及开办企业的原因。对于成功的企业来说,连接业务模型中的元素以及与更广泛的(业务)环境的连接是关键因素。
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引用次数: 1
IDENTIFICATION OF NEGATIVE FACTORS AFFECTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUTJESKA NATIONAL PARK 影响苏吉斯卡国家公园可持续发展的负面因素分析
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.40.89
The topic of research are the problems of sustainable development of Sutjeska National Park. Within this, general geographic features are given in detail, while forms and degree of tourism pressure, as well as the intensity of environmental endangerment within the protected natural area, are analyzed. The forms and intensity of anthropogenic influences in the exploration area changed considerably during the historic-geographic development, from the use of area for summer pasture, through the exploitation of natural resources (forests and mineral raw materials), to tourism-motivated valuation in recent times. Such social influences have left visible traces in the natural environment and the landscape, which are reflected in the distorted ecological balance (spatially differentiated reduction of natural vegetation, on account of the expansion of pasture landscapes) and various forms of endangerment of the environment. Existing geoecological problems call for the future assessment of the resource base of the National Park to be strictly directed towards the principles of sustainable development. This implies, first of all, the development of sustainable tourism within the framework of tourism carrying capacity and constant care for the preservation of heritage (natural and cultural) as the strategic goal of development policy.
本文的研究主题是苏捷斯卡国家公园的可持续发展问题。其中详细介绍了自然保护区的一般地理特征,分析了自然保护区旅游压力的形式和程度,以及自然保护区环境危害的程度。在历史地理发展的过程中,勘探区内人为影响的形式和强度发生了很大的变化,从夏季牧场的利用,到自然资源(森林和矿物原料)的开发,再到近年来以旅游为动机的估值。这种社会影响在自然环境和景观中留下了明显的痕迹,表现为生态平衡的扭曲(草场景观的扩张导致自然植被的空间分异减少)和各种形式的环境危害。现存的地质生态问题要求今后对国家公园资源基础的评估必须严格遵循可持续发展的原则。这意味着,首先,在旅游承载能力的框架内发展可持续旅游,并将对遗产(自然和文化)的保护作为发展政策的战略目标。
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引用次数: 0
CREATIVE ECONOMY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CROATIA 克罗地亚经济发展中的创意经济
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.40.21
Creative economy is one of the most propulsive sectors, which share in global economy as well as national ones continuously grows (Jones et al., 2016). Within the territory of 28 EU member states it participates with 4.5% of GDP and employs 3.8% of total workforce (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 2017). Axis of creative economy development is made of cultural and creative industries that are generators of new technologies, innovation and media. This paper analyses cultural and creative industry in the Republic of Croatia, as well as their role in economic and social development of the country. Cultural and creative industry (CCI) are directed towards highly educated workforce of tertiary education, digital society and 4.0 Globalisation. People employed in CCI in the Republic of Croatia are at the EU average with 3.6% of total workforce (2017) and with 50% of employed with tertiary education (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 2017). CCI are important in expressing identity of the people but they are also an engine of economic growth (HKKI, 2015).
创意经济是最具推进力的部门之一,它在全球经济和国家经济中的份额不断增长(Jones et al., 2016)。在28个欧盟成员国的领土内,它参与GDP的4.5%,雇用总劳动力的3.8% (https://ec.europa)。欧盟/欧盟统计局,2017)。创意经济发展的轴心是产生新技术、创新和媒体的文化创意产业。本文分析了克罗地亚共和国的文化创意产业,以及它们在该国经济和社会发展中的作用。文化创意产业(CCI)面向高等教育、数字社会和全球化4.0的高学历劳动力。克罗地亚共和国CCI的就业人数与欧盟平均水平相当,占总劳动力的3.6%(2017年),50%的就业人员受过高等教育(https://ec.europa)。欧盟/欧盟统计局,2017)。CCI在表达人们的身份认同方面很重要,但它们也是经济增长的引擎(HKKI, 2015)。
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引用次数: 0
REMOTE SENSING OF LIGHT POLLUTION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那光污染遥感
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.40.09
The study deals with the problem of light pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2013-2017. Remotely sensed data were obtained from the Suomi NPP satellite, which is scanning the earth's surface at night. The findings and geospatial trends of light pollution in the mentioned time period are discussed on the national and municipal levels. Some areas with very high and low levels of light pollution were exposed.
该研究涉及2013-2017年期间波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的光污染问题。遥感数据是由在夜间对地球表面进行扫描的索米核电站卫星获得的。本文从国家和城市两个层面讨论了上述时间段的光污染调查结果和地理空间趋势。一些光污染程度很高和很低的地区受到了影响。
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引用次数: 0
PROTECTED AREAS OF THE WORLD – REGIONAL DIFFERENCES 世界保护区-地区差异
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.41.61
The subject of the paper is protected natural areas of the world and their regional differences. According to the IUCN, a protected natural area is “a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values”. States differ in their interpretations of the above definition. Very often, some of the sites that are protected areas in one country may not necessarily be considered protected in another country. In defining and management of protected areas, some countries have adapted their laws to international guidelines, while in other countries the legislation differs significantly from these guidelines. Therefore, the research aims to show regional differences in the identification and management process as well as in the total surface area and abundance of protected natural areas at the world level.
本文的主题是世界自然保护区及其区域差异。根据世界自然保护联盟的定义,自然保护区是“一个明确界定的地理空间,通过法律或其他有效手段得到认可、专用和管理,以实现与生态系统服务和文化价值相关的自然长期保护”。各国对上述定义的解释各不相同。通常,在一个国家被列为保护区的一些地点在另一个国家可能不一定被认为是受保护的。在界定和管理保护区方面,一些国家根据国际准则调整了其法律,而另一些国家的立法与这些准则有很大不同。因此,本研究旨在揭示在世界范围内自然保护区的识别和管理过程以及总表面积和丰度的区域差异。
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引用次数: 0
ECOTOURISM IN THE PROTECTED AREAS OF THE FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL MONUMENT "TAJAN" 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦保护区的生态旅游:以“塔詹”自然纪念物为例
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.41.69
In the tourism sector, in the last twenty years, a new trend has emerged - ecotourism - in response to overuse and even exploitation of non-renewable natural resources for tourism. When traveling, people want to experience nature, but they need not endanger the natural environment with their stay. Bosnia and Herzegovina have less than 1 % of protected territory, which ranks it in the countries with the least formal protection in Europe. The regional average is 7 %, so the goal, which has lately been supported by international institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina through various initiated projects, is to expand protected areas and to use their development potential. The motives are the protection of extremely rich biodiversity of global importance, and the economic development of protected areas, local communities, and the state as a whole. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the importance of ecotourism, with particular reference to its development in the protected areas of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as an example of the Tajan Natural Monument. The Tajan area is the only protected area in the Zenica-Doboj Canton. According to the IUCN classification, it belongs to the V category of protection. Analyzing the current situation of its present tourist valorization, as well as the possibilities of utilization for tourism purposes in the future development, this paper identifies the basic problems and given guidelines for the promotion of ecotourism in this area.
在过去的二十年里,旅游业出现了一种新的趋势——生态旅游,这是对旅游业过度使用甚至开发不可再生自然资源的回应。在旅行时,人们想要体验自然,但他们不需要危及自然环境与他们的逗留。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那只有不到1%的受保护领土,是欧洲受到正式保护最少的国家之一。该地区的平均水平为7%,因此,波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的国际机构最近通过各种启动项目支持的目标是扩大保护区并利用其发展潜力。其动机是保护具有全球重要性的极其丰富的生物多样性,以及保护区、当地社区和整个国家的经济发展。本文的主要目的是解释生态旅游的重要性,特别是以Tajan自然纪念碑为例,在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦保护区内的生态旅游发展。Tajan地区是Zenica-Doboj州唯一的保护区。根据世界自然保护联盟的分类,它属于V类保护。本文分析了该地区目前旅游增值的现状,以及在未来发展中旅游利用的可能性,指出了该地区生态旅游发展的基本问题,并提出了促进该地区生态旅游发展的指导方针。
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引用次数: 1
AN EVALUATION ON FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMSEs) IN TURKEY 土耳其中小企业(SMSEs)财务问题评价
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.41.51
Turkey also consists of a majority of businesses are small and medium-sized organizations that we define as Kobi. But despite their large numbers, their contribution to the country's economy is not so much. The main reasons are financial problems, financial management problems, productivity problems. The fact that they are not able to follow the developments in the world of finance, the lack of auto financing facilities, the collateral problems they encounter in credit purchases, the low credit volumes, and the high credit costs, the inability to enter the capital market, and other similar problems prevent SMEs from having strong financial structures and reduce their competitiveness. Based on the fact that SMEs that cannot overcome their financial problems in the globalizing world will not survive in the national/international intensive competition environment, the financial conditions of our country's SMEs should be analyzed well, constructive, long-term, and solutions to increase efficiency should be produced.
土耳其的大多数企业都是我们定义为Kobi的中小型企业。但是,尽管他们人数众多,他们对国家经济的贡献却不是那么大。主要原因是财务问题、财务管理问题、生产力问题。中小企业无法跟上金融世界的发展,缺乏汽车融资设施,在信贷购买中遇到抵押品问题,信贷规模小,信贷成本高,无法进入资本市场等类似问题,使中小企业无法拥有强大的金融结构,降低了竞争力。在全球化的背景下,中小企业如果不能克服自身的财务问题,将无法在国内或国际激烈的竞争环境中生存下去。因此,我们应该对我国中小企业的财务状况进行分析,并提出建设性的、长期的、提高效率的解决方案。
{"title":"AN EVALUATION ON FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMSEs) IN TURKEY","authors":"","doi":"10.35666/23038950.2019.41.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35666/23038950.2019.41.51","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey also consists of a majority of businesses are small and medium-sized organizations that we define as Kobi. But despite their large numbers, their contribution to the country's economy is not so much. The main reasons are financial problems, financial management problems, productivity problems. The fact that they are not able to follow the developments in the world of finance, the lack of auto financing facilities, the collateral problems they encounter in credit purchases, the low credit volumes, and the high credit costs, the inability to enter the capital market, and other similar problems prevent SMEs from having strong financial structures and reduce their competitiveness. Based on the fact that SMEs that cannot overcome their financial problems in the globalizing world will not survive in the national/international intensive competition environment, the financial conditions of our country's SMEs should be analyzed well, constructive, long-term, and solutions to increase efficiency should be produced.","PeriodicalId":84805,"journal":{"name":"Geografski pregled. Revue de geographie","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87365424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF BANJA LUKA SUBURBAN SETTLEMENT VRBANJA 巴尼亚卢卡郊区聚落的发展与转型
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.40.65
The suburban Banja Luka settlement Vrbanja developed in the southeast part of the Banja Luka valley, in the valley extension of the Lower Vrbanja River, along the highway (M4) and railway track Banja Luka – Doboj. Faced with the processes of deagrarisation and urbanisation, the settlement experienced demographic, functional and physiognomic transformation especially after 1971 when it became part of Banja Luka. The basic factors of the socioeconomic and physiognomic transformation of this settlement are: traffic and geographical position and excellent everyday connections to the central city; development of work function (industry of cellulose and viscose INCEL and etc.). The analysis conducted showed that the settlement, regardless of the aforementioned transformation factors, still has the features of a suburban area with modest representation of the central functions and a lower degree of development as well as a poor quality of communal services. The socioeconomic transformation of the population is reflected in a small share of the agricultural population (1,7%), but agricultural production, although of low intensity and productivity and on small areas, is still present and affects the physiognomy of the settlement. An important limitating factor of further transformation of the settlement is significant depopulation. Over the past twenty years the population of Vrbanja has declined by around 33,7% so the demographical revitalisation together with the planned development of new functions, also covered in the paper, is the principal precondition for future development.
Banja Luka郊区定居点Vrbanja在Banja Luka山谷的东南部发展,在Vrbanja河下游的山谷延伸,沿着高速公路(M4)和铁路轨道Banja Luka - Doboj。面对去土地化和城市化的进程,该定居点经历了人口、功能和地貌的转变,特别是在1971年成为巴尼亚卢卡的一部分之后。该聚落的社会经济和地貌转变的基本因素是:交通和地理位置以及与中心城市的良好日常联系;工作功能的发展(纤维素和粘胶工业INCEL等)。分析表明,在不考虑上述转型因素的情况下,该聚落仍具有中心功能代表性不高、发展程度较低、公共服务质量较差的郊区特征。人口的社会经济转型反映在一小部分农业人口(1.7%)身上,但农业生产虽然强度和生产率低,面积小,但仍然存在,并影响了该定居点的地貌。人口大量减少是制约聚落进一步转型的重要因素。在过去的二十年里,Vrbanja的人口下降了大约33,7%,因此人口复兴以及新功能的计划发展是未来发展的主要前提,这也在文件中有所涉及。
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引用次数: 0
CONFLICT AND CREATIVENESS INTERACTION: MODEL IMPLEMENTATIONS IN A LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE WHICH CARRIES OUT ACTIVITY IN KONYA PROVINCE 冲突与创意互动:在科尼亚省某大型工业企业开展活动的模式实施
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.41.35
In today’s competitive environment, its survival of the businesses has been quite difficult. Together with rapidly increasing competition, there are various disputes between groups and personals and conflicts occur. The conflict is disagreements, discrepancies between two or more people. Businesses should manage these conflicts a good way to make advantageous emerging conflicts. The conflicts sometimes support the creativity, provide that’s emergence, sometimes hamper it. In the same way, as a result of creativity the conflicts can be occurred. To determine the relationship between creativity and conflicts which have an important role in terms of performance of organizations is very important. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between conflict and creativity in organizations that arise. This study is basically prepared in two different sizes. The theoretical dimension focuses on interaction, creativity, conflict and creativity. In the research part, the method was first explained, then the results obtained were analyzed. The survey method was used as data collection tools. Our research was carried out in a large-scale industrial enterprise that operating in the province of Konya. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS. With this study, it has been revealed that emerging conflicts in businesses positively affect the ability of creativity.
在当今竞争激烈的环境下,其企业的生存已经相当困难。随着竞争的迅速加剧,团体和个人之间出现了各种各样的纠纷和冲突。冲突是两个或两个以上的人之间的分歧和差异。企业应该妥善管理这些冲突,使之成为有利的新兴冲突。冲突有时支持创造力,提供它的出现,有时阻碍它。同样地,由于创造力,冲突也会发生。确定创造力和冲突之间的关系对组织的绩效有重要作用是非常重要的。本研究的目的是揭示组织中出现的冲突与创造力之间的关系。这项研究基本上有两种不同的规模。理论维度侧重于互动、创造力、冲突和创造力。在研究部分,首先对该方法进行了说明,然后对所得到的结果进行了分析。采用调查法作为数据收集工具。我们的研究是在科尼亚省的一家大型工业企业进行的。用SPSS软件对所得数据进行分析。这项研究表明,企业中出现的冲突对创造力有积极的影响。
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引用次数: 0
NEW DATA ON DISTRIBUTION OF GENUS ZYGAENA FABRICIUS, 1775 IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (LEPIDOPTERA: ZYGAENIDAE) 波黑织锦蝇属分布新资料(鳞翅目:织锦蝇科)
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35666/23038950.2019.40.101
We analysed the distribution of Zygaena Fabricius, 1775 moths on Čavljak and mountains: Bjelašnica, Igman and Trebević. Five different Zygaena species were found on investigated sites: Zygaenaviciae Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775, Z. filipendulae Linnaeus, 1758, Z. lonicerae Scheven, 1777, Z. purpuralis Brünnich, 1763 and Z. loti Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775. Simpson's diversity index was calculated based on the collected species and their population density by which we determined that Mtn.Igman was the locality with the highest species richness. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis was used to show that Mtn.Bjelašnica and Čavljak are the most similar localities in terms of the species that inhabit them.
分析了1775个飞蛾在Čavljak和Bjelašnica、Igman和trebeviki山区的分布。在调查地点发现了5个不同的Zygaena种:Zygaenaviciae Denis & Schiffermuller (1775), Z. filipendulae Linnaeus (1758), Z. lonicerae Scheven (1777), Z. purpuralis brnnich(1763)和Z. loti Denis & schiffermller(1775)。Simpson’s多样性指数是根据收集到的物种及其种群密度计算得出的。Igman是物种丰富度最高的地区。布雷-柯蒂斯聚类分析表明,Mtn。就栖息在Bjelašnica和Čavljak的物种而言,它们是最相似的地方。
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引用次数: 0
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Geografski pregled. Revue de geographie
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