Introduction: The periodic medical examination is important in preventing some diseases and reducing their major complications; thus, it’s beneficial to provide a better healthy community and reducing financial loss. Studying beliefs, awareness, practice, and influence factors in the community will be a useful method to promote health among the population. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study survey in different areas in Makkah region using a sampling technique the sample size was 2061 participants of both gender. Data were collected through a self-administered structured survey. Results and Discussion: Adults 20–39 years (899) (56.9%) were the most group which have adequate knowledge. The most aware participants were females (928) (58.7%). 1021 (66.4%) of the aware participants have academic educational level. Most participants did not recall performing any medical checkup (1607) (78.0%). Conclusion: We noticed in this study that the rate of awareness of the participants was high but unfortunately it did not show reflection on their behavior toward medical checkups. This poor implementation despite their awareness was justified mostly by two major factors which were negligence and absence of motivation.
{"title":"A Saudi National population based study Awareness and Practice of Periodic Medical check-up","authors":"S. Iqubal","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4154","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The periodic medical examination is important in preventing some diseases and reducing their major complications; thus, it’s beneficial to provide a better healthy community and reducing financial loss. Studying beliefs, awareness, practice, and influence factors in the community will be a useful method to promote health among the population. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study survey in different areas in Makkah region using a sampling technique the sample size was 2061 participants of both gender. Data were collected through a self-administered structured survey. Results and Discussion: Adults 20–39 years (899) (56.9%) were the most group which have adequate knowledge. The most aware participants were females (928) (58.7%). 1021 (66.4%) of the aware participants have academic educational level. Most participants did not recall performing any medical checkup (1607) (78.0%). Conclusion: We noticed in this study that the rate of awareness of the participants was high but unfortunately it did not show reflection on their behavior toward medical checkups. This poor implementation despite their awareness was justified mostly by two major factors which were negligence and absence of motivation.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49221194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur postoperatively in the part of the body where the surgery took place. Methods: This study included searching PubMed for the keywords (SSIs rate) AND (Saudi Arabia) from January 1, 2006, to July 1, 2021. Results: The rate of SSIs in Saudi Arabia was very low in some studies (e.g. the rate was 0% in one of the studies) and high rate in other studies (e.g. the rate was 32.2% in one of the studies). The rate of SSIs in Saudi Arabia was dissimilar in different cities and for different types of surgeries. Conclusion: More researches are needed to study not only the rate of SSIs but also the associated risk factors to support the actions of the health team to reduce SSI occurrence and to decrease its complications if it is occurred.
{"title":"Surgical Site Infections in Saudi Arabia: A Review","authors":"N. Ahmed","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4145","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur postoperatively in the part of the body where the surgery took place. Methods: This study included searching PubMed for the keywords (SSIs rate) AND (Saudi Arabia) from January 1, 2006, to July 1, 2021. Results: The rate of SSIs in Saudi Arabia was very low in some studies (e.g. the rate was 0% in one of the studies) and high rate in other studies (e.g. the rate was 32.2% in one of the studies). The rate of SSIs in Saudi Arabia was dissimilar in different cities and for different types of surgeries. Conclusion: More researches are needed to study not only the rate of SSIs but also the associated risk factors to support the actions of the health team to reduce SSI occurrence and to decrease its complications if it is occurred.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important emerging nosocomial pathogen of alarming significance. It has the propensity not only to cause much morbidity and mortality, but is also leading to the uselessness of the available limited antibiotic drugs due to the rampant resistance. Materials and Methods: The present study aims to document and evaluate the current situation on the available treatment options for A. baumannii nosocomial infection, mainly the carbapenem drug- imipenem, colistin, and tigecycline and to analyze the drug safety and any/all of the adverse drug reactions related to this drug therapy. Results: Results of this study probe that carbapenem resistance is seen in about 86% of all Acinetobacter isolates. Colistin is the best available treatment for multi-drug resistant species with 100% cure rate and fewer serious life threatening adverse effects with the long duration therapy that is required in this case. The only concern remained the patient compliance to the abdominal symptoms (56.7% of nausea, 14.43% vomiting and 4.12% diarrhea) which was statistically significant (P = 0.049). Conclusion: Overall, colistin therapy can be regarded as the best treatment for multi-drug resistant A. baumannii, which opens avenues for further studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this drug.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Emerging Multidrug- Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Clinical Samples from Tertiary Care Hospitals in Mysore, India - a Cohort Study","authors":"K. JayanthiM.","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4153","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important emerging nosocomial pathogen of alarming significance. It has the propensity not only to cause much morbidity and mortality, but is also leading to the uselessness of the available limited antibiotic drugs due to the rampant resistance. Materials and Methods: The present study aims to document and evaluate the current situation on the available treatment options for A. baumannii nosocomial infection, mainly the carbapenem drug- imipenem, colistin, and tigecycline and to analyze the drug safety and any/all of the adverse drug reactions related to this drug therapy. Results: Results of this study probe that carbapenem resistance is seen in about 86% of all Acinetobacter isolates. Colistin is the best available treatment for multi-drug resistant species with 100% cure rate and fewer serious life threatening adverse effects with the long duration therapy that is required in this case. The only concern remained the patient compliance to the abdominal symptoms (56.7% of nausea, 14.43% vomiting and 4.12% diarrhea) which was statistically significant (P = 0.049). Conclusion: Overall, colistin therapy can be regarded as the best treatment for multi-drug resistant A. baumannii, which opens avenues for further studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this drug.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49144542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ever since in January 2020, the WHO declared an international public health emergency, emerged as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Coronavirus disease-19) pandemic which has devastated human race with its human-to-human transmission, mutation, and mortality with complex pathogenicity mechanism. Earlier theories postulated it to have emerged from “Wet Market,” Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan city of Hubei Province in China. Based on initial speculations, this pandemic was suggested to be of enzootic origin, considerably bats and pangolins as connecting link between human-animal transmissions, which were later refuted. Time bound and effective Test, Track, and Treat policy initiatives taken by Indian Government proved to be a benchmark in controlling the pandemic, up to certain extent. Molecular diagnostics have witnessed a scaled up trend in terms of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Rapid Antigen Tests to detect the contagion in oro-pharyngeal and naso-pharyngeal swabs. It is imperative that frequent mutations in SARS-CoV-2 lead to development of new serotypes making screening for novel therapeutics or repurposing of drugs cumbersome. With an effort to consummate existing clinico-pharamaceutical gaps to curb SARS-CoV-2, ardent remains the fact that plants have been considered as medicinal power houses. Green therapeutics are formulation of active phyto components when administered, enhance the bio-availability through different drug delivery systems. Exploration of medicinal plants for their bio-active ingredients to develop immune-boosters as an antiviral prophylactic tool against SARS-CoV-2 remains a preferred choice among health-care practitioners, pharmacologists, and life sciences fraternity at large. In addition, indigenous vaccines have been granted approval for Emergency Use Authorization which would help lower the rates of transmission and mortality by significant numbers in times to come.
{"title":"Test, Track, and Treat Ameliorative Strategy to Contain Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: An Indian Perspective","authors":"N. Sharma","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4142","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since in January 2020, the WHO declared an international public health emergency, emerged as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Coronavirus disease-19) pandemic which has devastated human race with its human-to-human transmission, mutation, and mortality with complex pathogenicity mechanism. Earlier theories postulated it to have emerged from “Wet Market,” Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan city of Hubei Province in China. Based on initial speculations, this pandemic was suggested to be of enzootic origin, considerably bats and pangolins as connecting link between human-animal transmissions, which were later refuted. Time bound and effective Test, Track, and Treat policy initiatives taken by Indian Government proved to be a benchmark in controlling the pandemic, up to certain extent. Molecular diagnostics have witnessed a scaled up trend in terms of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Rapid Antigen Tests to detect the contagion in oro-pharyngeal and naso-pharyngeal swabs. It is imperative that frequent mutations in SARS-CoV-2 lead to development of new serotypes making screening for novel therapeutics or repurposing of drugs cumbersome. With an effort to consummate existing clinico-pharamaceutical gaps to curb SARS-CoV-2, ardent remains the fact that plants have been considered as medicinal power houses. Green therapeutics are formulation of active phyto components when administered, enhance the bio-availability through different drug delivery systems. Exploration of medicinal plants for their bio-active ingredients to develop immune-boosters as an antiviral prophylactic tool against SARS-CoV-2 remains a preferred choice among health-care practitioners, pharmacologists, and life sciences fraternity at large. In addition, indigenous vaccines have been granted approval for Emergency Use Authorization which would help lower the rates of transmission and mortality by significant numbers in times to come.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46915425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Ayurveda is one of the oldest codified medical knowledge systems with equal emphasis on curative, preventive, and promotive aspects of health. Ayurveda pharmaceutics was developed from the quest to administer plants, animals, or metals and minerals products in a palatable and longer shelf life modification. The study aims to evaluate and characterize the microbial sp. and their biochemical properties in extrapolating its use as a potent probiotic formulation with multifaceted use. Materials and Methods: The microbial diversity of the formulation was evaluated by isolation followed by its microbial characterization using Gram’s staining, biochemical characterization using catalase assay, and molecular characterization by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Results: The study revealed that the bacteria isolated in the present study were Gram-positive, rod-shaped organism that exhibited catalase-positive test. Further, molecular characterization studies using the ITS sequence analysis revealed that the isolated organism showed similarity with that of Bacillus species. Conclusion: Therapeutic efficacy of any formulation depends on the process of its preparation, the kind of microflora that is established during aging or fermentation, and the kind of bioactive compounds released during fermentation. The present study identifies the microorganism that plays a pivotal role in this fermentation process and renders therapeutic properties to Dhanyamala formulation. This study can form the basis for further investigations on formulating this as a promising probiotic supplement.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Potential Microorganism from Dhanyamla - An Ayurvedic Formulation with Therapeutic Properties","authors":"J. Prarthana","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4155","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Ayurveda is one of the oldest codified medical knowledge systems with equal emphasis on curative, preventive, and promotive aspects of health. Ayurveda pharmaceutics was developed from the quest to administer plants, animals, or metals and minerals products in a palatable and longer shelf life modification. The study aims to evaluate and characterize the microbial sp. and their biochemical properties in extrapolating its use as a potent probiotic formulation with multifaceted use. Materials and Methods: The microbial diversity of the formulation was evaluated by isolation followed by its microbial characterization using Gram’s staining, biochemical characterization using catalase assay, and molecular characterization by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Results: The study revealed that the bacteria isolated in the present study were Gram-positive, rod-shaped organism that exhibited catalase-positive test. Further, molecular characterization studies using the ITS sequence analysis revealed that the isolated organism showed similarity with that of Bacillus species. Conclusion: Therapeutic efficacy of any formulation depends on the process of its preparation, the kind of microflora that is established during aging or fermentation, and the kind of bioactive compounds released during fermentation. The present study identifies the microorganism that plays a pivotal role in this fermentation process and renders therapeutic properties to Dhanyamala formulation. This study can form the basis for further investigations on formulating this as a promising probiotic supplement.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45635436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cancer is one stage of a condition that occurs due to uncontrolled growth of cells and is caused by many factors ranging from genetic mutations to different lifestyle factors such as exposure to chemicals, radiation, tobacco usage, and physical exercise so on. They are so many surgeries and therapies treatment is available for cancer but this treatment only reduces the symptoms of the disease, and complete cannot be expected. These chemical drugs are more prominent to destroy cancer cells in our body but they increase side effects includes nausea and vomiting it will lead to damage to the vital organs such as the kidney, heart, and lung. Phytoconstituents are one of the promising treatment prospects for minimizing the side effects and to improve effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic drugs and it is used for natural products, which have been traditionally used to treat many types of cancer. Many plant extracts were described that pharmacological activities are characteristic of their phytoconstituents includes tannins, flavonoids, saponin, alkaloids, and terpenes. Tannins are secondary metabolites of plants. Tannins are popularly known as natural polyphenolic molecules possess many pharmacological actions such as antibacterial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, chemo-preventive, and anti-inflammatory actions. One of the problems that present the use of tannins is their poor bioavailability. Nanoparticles have been introduced a different type of formulation and evaluation methods to identify their bioavailability of a drug. The present study concentrates on tannin-loaded nanoformulations to increase the bioavailability in the treatment of cancer.
{"title":"Tannin Loaded Nanoparticles and its Therapeutic Applications – A Comprehensive Review","authors":"S. Kumar","doi":"10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v15i3.4146","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one stage of a condition that occurs due to uncontrolled growth of cells and is caused by many factors ranging from genetic mutations to different lifestyle factors such as exposure to chemicals, radiation, tobacco usage, and physical exercise so on. They are so many surgeries and therapies treatment is available for cancer but this treatment only reduces the symptoms of the disease, and complete cannot be expected. These chemical drugs are more prominent to destroy cancer cells in our body but they increase side effects includes nausea and vomiting it will lead to damage to the vital organs such as the kidney, heart, and lung. Phytoconstituents are one of the promising treatment prospects for minimizing the side effects and to improve effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic drugs and it is used for natural products, which have been traditionally used to treat many types of cancer. Many plant extracts were described that pharmacological activities are characteristic of their phytoconstituents includes tannins, flavonoids, saponin, alkaloids, and terpenes. Tannins are secondary metabolites of plants. Tannins are popularly known as natural polyphenolic molecules possess many pharmacological actions such as antibacterial, anti-cancer, antioxidant, chemo-preventive, and anti-inflammatory actions. One of the problems that present the use of tannins is their poor bioavailability. Nanoparticles have been introduced a different type of formulation and evaluation methods to identify their bioavailability of a drug. The present study concentrates on tannin-loaded nanoformulations to increase the bioavailability in the treatment of cancer.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study evaluated the perceptions of infectious diseases among tourists about risk categories of different diseases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-developed research instrument was designed and used to collect data from the tourists visiting Penang, Malaysia. Descriptive, comparative, and inferential statistics were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: One-half of the respondents perceived hepatitis A (50.3%), meningitis (52.3%), and typhoid fever (51.3%) as low-risk diseases, while about 37% and 33% tourists considered dengue and HIV/AIDS as high-risk diseases, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that tourists perceived varied risk levels of infectious diseases in Malaysia, indicating that the tourists should take proper preventive measures to avoid contracting these diseases.
{"title":"Tourists’ Perception of Infectious Diseases in Malaysia","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3957","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study evaluated the perceptions of infectious diseases among tourists about risk categories of different diseases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-developed research instrument was designed and used to collect data from the tourists visiting Penang, Malaysia. Descriptive, comparative, and inferential statistics were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: One-half of the respondents perceived hepatitis A (50.3%), meningitis (52.3%), and typhoid fever (51.3%) as low-risk diseases, while about 37% and 33% tourists considered dengue and HIV/AIDS as high-risk diseases, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that tourists perceived varied risk levels of infectious diseases in Malaysia, indicating that the tourists should take proper preventive measures to avoid contracting these diseases.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47855041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aims to explore the frequency of prescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a public hospital in Al-Kharj. Materials and Methods: This study included review the electronic medical records of outpatients who received at least one of the NSAIDs between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2018, in a public hospital in Al-Kharj. Results: The most commonly prescribe NSAIDs was diclofenac (61.23%) followed by ibuprofen (36.12%). About half of the patients receiving NSAIDs were <30 years old (50.17%) and about 72.25% of them were <40 years old. Only diclofenac was prescribed as a topical form (gel, cream, or ointment). More than 71% of diclofenac prescriptions were included a topical dosage form. Conclusion: The study showed that nonaspirin NSAIDs prescribing rate was high, particularly diclofenac and ibuprofen. It is important to increase the awareness of health-care providers to increase the efficacy and decrease the adverse effects of these medications.
{"title":"The Frequency of Prescribing Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in a Public Hospital","authors":"N. Ahmed","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3962","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to explore the frequency of prescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a public hospital in Al-Kharj. Materials and Methods: This study included review the electronic medical records of outpatients who received at least one of the NSAIDs between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2018, in a public hospital in Al-Kharj. Results: The most commonly prescribe NSAIDs was diclofenac (61.23%) followed by ibuprofen (36.12%). About half of the patients receiving NSAIDs were <30 years old (50.17%) and about 72.25% of them were <40 years old. Only diclofenac was prescribed as a topical form (gel, cream, or ointment). More than 71% of diclofenac prescriptions were included a topical dosage form. Conclusion: The study showed that nonaspirin NSAIDs prescribing rate was high, particularly diclofenac and ibuprofen. It is important to increase the awareness of health-care providers to increase the efficacy and decrease the adverse effects of these medications.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47139359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The main aim of the present work is to develop and validate a new simpler, selective, specific, and robust high performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of Eliglustat and its isomers. Materials and Methods: For the accurate quantification method, for the all isomers was developed by performing the significant number of methods on trial and error techniques using a large number of polar and non-polar solvent mixtures as mobile phase. A distinctive resolution between Eliglustat and its stereo isomers was achieved on Immobilized Amylose tris (3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) stationary phase namely CHIRALPAK IF-3(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 3 μm), with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using isocratic method containing n-Hexane/Ethanol/Methanol/ Diethyl amine (90/05/05/0.1,v/v/v/v). Column temperature was maintained at 40°C and detection wavelength of 280 nm. Results and Discussion: The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of Eliglustat S,SIsomer, R,S-Isomer, and S,R-Isomers were found to be 0.0027/0.0082, 0.0367/0.1112, and 0.0375/0.1137 μg/mL, respectively. The method was found to be precise, accurate, and linear (R2 > 0.999). Recoveries of all isomers were found to be in the range of 90–110%. Conclusion: As per the ICH guidelines, the developed method has been shown to be linear, accurate, precise, robust, and sensitive. The method is also considered quality control friendly as it is robust, uses isocratic mobile phase and employs commonly used solvents as mobile phase.
{"title":"Development and Validation of Stereoselective Method for the Quantification of Stereoisomers of Eliglustat Using Amylose-Based Immobilized Chiral Stationary Phase","authors":"G. Srinivasu","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3967","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The main aim of the present work is to develop and validate a new simpler, selective, specific, and robust high performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of Eliglustat and its isomers. Materials and Methods: For the accurate quantification method, for the all isomers was developed by performing the significant number of methods on trial and error techniques using a large number of polar and non-polar solvent mixtures as mobile phase. A distinctive resolution between Eliglustat and its stereo isomers was achieved on Immobilized Amylose tris (3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) stationary phase namely CHIRALPAK IF-3(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 3 μm), with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using isocratic method containing n-Hexane/Ethanol/Methanol/ Diethyl amine (90/05/05/0.1,v/v/v/v). Column temperature was maintained at 40°C and detection wavelength of 280 nm. Results and Discussion: The limit of detection and limit of quantification values of Eliglustat S,SIsomer, R,S-Isomer, and S,R-Isomers were found to be 0.0027/0.0082, 0.0367/0.1112, and 0.0375/0.1137 μg/mL, respectively. The method was found to be precise, accurate, and linear (R2 > 0.999). Recoveries of all isomers were found to be in the range of 90–110%. Conclusion: As per the ICH guidelines, the developed method has been shown to be linear, accurate, precise, robust, and sensitive. The method is also considered quality control friendly as it is robust, uses isocratic mobile phase and employs commonly used solvents as mobile phase.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45302238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder in which there is a gradual loss of brain cells that make and store dopamine. Ropinirole hydrochloride (ROPH) is an anti-Parkinson’s drug which undergoes extensively first-pass metabolism, with oral bioavailability 45%. Aim: The study aimed to formulation, optimization, and evaluation of ROPH buccal patch using xanthan gum (XG). Materials and Methods: Solvent casting method was used to prepare mucoadhesive buccal patch ROPH using XG as a mucoadhesive polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 as a film former and polycarbophil and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M as a release retardant. Results and Discussion: The dissolution studies showed sustained release of drug about 97.86% for 8 h following Korsmeyer-Peppas model (r2=0.989, n = 0.199). The optimization of all prepared batches was carried out by 32 factorial designs, the optimized batch F3 showed acceptable physicochemical properties and having swelling index 286.10%, mucoadhesive strength 26.90 g, tensile strength 0.04±0.01 N/mm2, and in vitro drug release 97.86%. Ex vivo permeability was carried out using sheep buccal mucosa and it was found to be increased by five folds than that of formulation without penetration enhancer. After histopathological evaluation cellular membrane was found to be intact and did not show any signs of necrosis. Conclusion: Thus, an attempt to formulate a stable mucoadhesive buccal patch was made. The in vitro studies have shown that this is a potential drug delivery system for ROPH with good stability and release profile.
{"title":"Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Bioadhesive Xanthan Gum Based Buccal Patch for Sustained Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride","authors":"Kalyani Kayande","doi":"10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/AJP.V15I1.3956","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder in which there is a gradual loss of brain cells that make and store dopamine. Ropinirole hydrochloride (ROPH) is an anti-Parkinson’s drug which undergoes extensively first-pass metabolism, with oral bioavailability 45%. Aim: The study aimed to formulation, optimization, and evaluation of ROPH buccal patch using xanthan gum (XG). Materials and Methods: Solvent casting method was used to prepare mucoadhesive buccal patch ROPH using XG as a mucoadhesive polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 as a film former and polycarbophil and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M as a release retardant. Results and Discussion: The dissolution studies showed sustained release of drug about 97.86% for 8 h following Korsmeyer-Peppas model (r2=0.989, n = 0.199). The optimization of all prepared batches was carried out by 32 factorial designs, the optimized batch F3 showed acceptable physicochemical properties and having swelling index 286.10%, mucoadhesive strength 26.90 g, tensile strength 0.04±0.01 N/mm2, and in vitro drug release 97.86%. Ex vivo permeability was carried out using sheep buccal mucosa and it was found to be increased by five folds than that of formulation without penetration enhancer. After histopathological evaluation cellular membrane was found to be intact and did not show any signs of necrosis. Conclusion: Thus, an attempt to formulate a stable mucoadhesive buccal patch was made. The in vitro studies have shown that this is a potential drug delivery system for ROPH with good stability and release profile.","PeriodicalId":8489,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48237136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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