Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118222
{"title":"Health Care Risk Waste Generated in Domestic Settings through Home Health: A Review of the Health and Environmental Impact in South Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85121316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118455
{"title":"The Impact of Selected Personality Skills on Intercultural Interaction and Communication of Students of Social Pedagogy in the Czech Republic","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118455","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89183238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118235
Dumisane Moyakhe, E. Fosso-Kankeu, Q. Campbell
the coal mining sector is synonymous with generating large quantities of waste. A comprehensive fraction of the waste is classified as fines (-500 μm) and ultrafine (-100 μm) particles, which accounts eleven per cent of the run-of-mine coal mined in South Africa reported by England et al. These fines are transported to tailings dumps in slurry form as discard. Consumption of water is thus significant in the fines handling. Due to environmental restrictions, most of the water used is recovered – aided by thickeners and filters – and recirculated during beneficiation. The contact time between fine coal and water influences the quality of the recycled water. It is hypothesized that leaching occurs during fine coal tailings slurry handling. Effectively changing the water chemistry to some degree, leading to operational and environmental difficulties. The study focuses on predicting the impact of leaching on the mobilization and speciation of heavy metals and light metals which would possibly contaminate the environment. In addition, investigate the financial and operational impact the change in water properties may pose in the thickening process. Witbank seam 4 tailings were samples were obtained and a twelve-week column leaching experiment conducted. Chemical and mineral composition of the solid tailings were determined by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The XRD specified quartz as the main mineral present. Other minerals were kaolinite, anatase, troilite, and magnetite. Metal analysis was conducted leachate using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). PHREEQC was used to model the metal speciation results. Furthermore, batch-settling experiments were conducted using the altered water quality to determine sedimentation properties. The results showed that the leaching phenomenon has a negative impact on the environment and the thickener operation Keywords— Fine coal, tailings, leaching, settling, heavy metals, speciation. 1 Dumisane Moyakhe, Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the CoE C-based fuels School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom – South Africa
{"title":"Column Leaching of Fine Coal Tailings: Impact on Environment and Thickener Operation","authors":"Dumisane Moyakhe, E. Fosso-Kankeu, Q. Campbell","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118235","url":null,"abstract":"the coal mining sector is synonymous with generating large quantities of waste. A comprehensive fraction of the waste is classified as fines (-500 μm) and ultrafine (-100 μm) particles, which accounts eleven per cent of the run-of-mine coal mined in South Africa reported by England et al. These fines are transported to tailings dumps in slurry form as discard. Consumption of water is thus significant in the fines handling. Due to environmental restrictions, most of the water used is recovered – aided by thickeners and filters – and recirculated during beneficiation. The contact time between fine coal and water influences the quality of the recycled water. It is hypothesized that leaching occurs during fine coal tailings slurry handling. Effectively changing the water chemistry to some degree, leading to operational and environmental difficulties. The study focuses on predicting the impact of leaching on the mobilization and speciation of heavy metals and light metals which would possibly contaminate the environment. In addition, investigate the financial and operational impact the change in water properties may pose in the thickening process. Witbank seam 4 tailings were samples were obtained and a twelve-week column leaching experiment conducted. Chemical and mineral composition of the solid tailings were determined by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The XRD specified quartz as the main mineral present. Other minerals were kaolinite, anatase, troilite, and magnetite. Metal analysis was conducted leachate using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). PHREEQC was used to model the metal speciation results. Furthermore, batch-settling experiments were conducted using the altered water quality to determine sedimentation properties. The results showed that the leaching phenomenon has a negative impact on the environment and the thickener operation Keywords— Fine coal, tailings, leaching, settling, heavy metals, speciation. 1 Dumisane Moyakhe, Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the CoE C-based fuels School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom – South Africa","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79700990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118239
J. V. D. Linde, E. Fosso-Kankeu, F. Waanders, T. Tamane, G. Gericke
South Africa is an arid country with an annual average rainfall less than half of the world’s average rainfall. The industrial sector uses 11% of this limited amount of water. Eskom is one of these users. Within the water treatment system at the Grootvlei power station, reverse osmosis (RO) is used. The retentate from the membranes is pumped into a sump. This water can be treated for further usage, which ensures that the plant abstracts less water from the environment. Rheofloc, an inorganic polymeric flocculant was used in this study in conjunction with lime treatment, to reduce the conductivity of the water. As the conductivity decreases, the number of ions in the water decreased. The jar test method consisted of the addition of the coagulant and flocculant during rapid mixing for 5 minutes at 240 rpm, thereafter the lime was added to increase the pH to 10.1 during slow mixing which occurred for 90 minutes at 80 rpm. This was done at 40°C and at 60°C to observe the effect that temperature has on the reduction of the conductivity in the water. Results showed that the reduction of conductivity levels was higher at 60°C. This is due to the increase of the rate of reaction with an increase in temperature. Thus the treatment of ROreject is preferred at 60°C to achieve effective removal of ions with the potential of scale formation.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature on the Performance of Rheofloc: Conductivity Removal from RO-reject","authors":"J. V. D. Linde, E. Fosso-Kankeu, F. Waanders, T. Tamane, G. Gericke","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118239","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa is an arid country with an annual average rainfall less than half of the world’s average rainfall. The industrial sector uses 11% of this limited amount of water. Eskom is one of these users. Within the water treatment system at the Grootvlei power station, reverse osmosis (RO) is used. The retentate from the membranes is pumped into a sump. This water can be treated for further usage, which ensures that the plant abstracts less water from the environment. Rheofloc, an inorganic polymeric flocculant was used in this study in conjunction with lime treatment, to reduce the conductivity of the water. As the conductivity decreases, the number of ions in the water decreased. The jar test method consisted of the addition of the coagulant and flocculant during rapid mixing for 5 minutes at 240 rpm, thereafter the lime was added to increase the pH to 10.1 during slow mixing which occurred for 90 minutes at 80 rpm. This was done at 40°C and at 60°C to observe the effect that temperature has on the reduction of the conductivity in the water. Results showed that the reduction of conductivity levels was higher at 60°C. This is due to the increase of the rate of reaction with an increase in temperature. Thus the treatment of ROreject is preferred at 60°C to achieve effective removal of ions with the potential of scale formation.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82344951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/EARES4.EAP1118208
V. Okudoh, B. Okeleye, Isis M Da-Barca, S. Ntwampe
{"title":"Enhanced Pretreatment of Winery Solid Waste for High Reducing Sugar Yield","authors":"V. Okudoh, B. Okeleye, Isis M Da-Barca, S. Ntwampe","doi":"10.17758/EARES4.EAP1118208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/EARES4.EAP1118208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78003376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118129
{"title":"Chemico-mobility of Toxic Heavy Metals in Environmental Samples","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74072293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118246
E. Fosso-Kankeu, Gerhard Steenekamp, E. Akinpelu, F. Waanders
Abstract —Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as one of the most toxic elements and it causes water pollution when it exceeds the permissible limit. It is currently present in the Mooi River above these permitted levels, and must therefore be removed using effective methods. In this study, egg shell adsorbent was prepared through physico-chemical treatment including impregnation with an anionic surfactant, namely sodium dodecyl sulphate; the resulting adsorbents were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared adsorbents were then used for the removal of cadmium from solution. The results showed that there were additional binding groups on the egg shell following impregnation, this contributed to increase the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The adsorption of cadmium by the pristine egg shell membrane (ESM) and the impregnated egg shell membrane (SDS-ESM) fitted the pseudo second order kinetic model which allowed to predict adsorption capacities of 16.56 mg/g and 20.4 mg/g, respectively. In can therefore be concluded that the impregnation of the ESM is a suitable approach to improve its adsorption capacity.
{"title":"Biosorption of Cadmium from Water using Surfactant Impregnated Egg Shell","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, Gerhard Steenekamp, E. Akinpelu, F. Waanders","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118246","url":null,"abstract":" Abstract —Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as one of the most toxic elements and it causes water pollution when it exceeds the permissible limit. It is currently present in the Mooi River above these permitted levels, and must therefore be removed using effective methods. In this study, egg shell adsorbent was prepared through physico-chemical treatment including impregnation with an anionic surfactant, namely sodium dodecyl sulphate; the resulting adsorbents were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. The prepared adsorbents were then used for the removal of cadmium from solution. The results showed that there were additional binding groups on the egg shell following impregnation, this contributed to increase the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. The adsorption of cadmium by the pristine egg shell membrane (ESM) and the impregnated egg shell membrane (SDS-ESM) fitted the pseudo second order kinetic model which allowed to predict adsorption capacities of 16.56 mg/g and 20.4 mg/g, respectively. In can therefore be concluded that the impregnation of the ESM is a suitable approach to improve its adsorption capacity.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75378846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118424
{"title":"Ushering towards an Era of Positive Diplomacy: The Reunification of the Korean Peninsula","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76269308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118403
{"title":"Newspaper Readership in Lesotho","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84598731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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