Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4152
Anastasia K. Utapara, A. A. Agung Ngurah Gunawan, I. Nengah Sandi, I. Gusti Agung Widagda, Komang Ngurah Suarbawa, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati
An alarm or reminder has been successfully designed to remind us when it is time to fill the brake fluid so as to avoid accidents when riding a motorbike with electronic components which are arranged, including Nex motorbike, Dot-3 brake fluid, Arduino Uno, Psi100 oil pressure sensor, red LED, Step down DC to dc, Resistor 220 0hm. The alarm was designed on the motorbike to serve as a reminder to fill the brake fluid before it decreases. In this research, calibration was carried out on the measuring instrument used so that the output produced by the sensor was the same as the digital measuring instrument, with an accuracy percentage level of 94.11%. The alarm system works when the pressure is low, the pressure sensor will read and process it on the Arduino, after processing the condition will be changed according to the pressure read by the sensor so when it is low the Arduino relay will provide voltage to the LED so that the LED can light up as a warning sign that the brakes are not working. good for use, and vice versa, when the brake fluid is full or meets standards, the relay will not be active and the motorbike will remain stable or can be used as usual.
我们成功设计了一个报警或提醒装置，提醒我们什么时候该加刹车液，避免摩托车骑行时发生意外。电子元件包括:Nex摩托车，Dot-3刹车液，Arduino Uno, Psi100油压传感器，红色LED, Step down DC to DC, Resistor 220hm。在摩托车上设计警报器是为了提醒人们在刹车液减少之前加满刹车液。在本研究中，对所使用的测量仪器进行了校准，使传感器产生的输出与数字测量仪器相同，准确度百分比水平为94.11%。当压力低时，报警系统工作，压力传感器将读取并在Arduino上处理，处理后的情况将根据传感器读取的压力改变，当压力低时，Arduino继电器将向LED提供电压，使LED可以亮起，作为刹车不工作的警告标志。好使用，反之亦然，当制动液满或符合标准时，继电器不会活动，摩托车保持稳定或可以正常使用。
{"title":"Development of Motorcycle Brake Oil Control System Using Arduino Uno R3 Based Pressure Sensor","authors":"Anastasia K. Utapara, A. A. Agung Ngurah Gunawan, I. Nengah Sandi, I. Gusti Agung Widagda, Komang Ngurah Suarbawa, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Ratnawati","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4152","url":null,"abstract":"An alarm or reminder has been successfully designed to remind us when it is time to fill the brake fluid so as to avoid accidents when riding a motorbike with electronic components which are arranged, including Nex motorbike, Dot-3 brake fluid, Arduino Uno, Psi100 oil pressure sensor, red LED, Step down DC to dc, Resistor 220 0hm. The alarm was designed on the motorbike to serve as a reminder to fill the brake fluid before it decreases. In this research, calibration was carried out on the measuring instrument used so that the output produced by the sensor was the same as the digital measuring instrument, with an accuracy percentage level of 94.11%. The alarm system works when the pressure is low, the pressure sensor will read and process it on the Arduino, after processing the condition will be changed according to the pressure read by the sensor so when it is low the Arduino relay will provide voltage to the LED so that the LED can light up as a warning sign that the brakes are not working. good for use, and vice versa, when the brake fluid is full or meets standards, the relay will not be active and the motorbike will remain stable or can be used as usual.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4151
Kelechukwu C. N. Dozie, Christian C. Ibebuogu
The expected values of Buys-Ballot estimates with the error terms for multiplicative model in time series decomposition when trend-cycle component is linear is discussed. The expected values of Buys-Ballot estimates of row, column and overall means with the error terms are derived. A real example for the linear case is applied to determine the estimation of trend parameters, seasonal indices, choice of appropriate transformation and choice of model of the Buys-Ballot table. Results show that, the expected values of periodic and seasonal means of the Buys-Ballot table are; (1) periodic mean mimic the shape of the trending curves of the original series and contains seasonal indices (2) seasonal mean is a function of the trending parameters of the original series and contain seasonal indices.
{"title":"The Expected Values of Buys-Ballot Estimates for Multiplicative Model with the Error Terms","authors":"Kelechukwu C. N. Dozie, Christian C. Ibebuogu","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4151","url":null,"abstract":"The expected values of Buys-Ballot estimates with the error terms for multiplicative model in time series decomposition when trend-cycle component is linear is discussed. The expected values of Buys-Ballot estimates of row, column and overall means with the error terms are derived. A real example for the linear case is applied to determine the estimation of trend parameters, seasonal indices, choice of appropriate transformation and choice of model of the Buys-Ballot table. Results show that, the expected values of periodic and seasonal means of the Buys-Ballot table are; (1) periodic mean mimic the shape of the trending curves of the original series and contains seasonal indices (2) seasonal mean is a function of the trending parameters of the original series and contain seasonal indices.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135617641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4150
I Made Yuliara, Ni Nyoman Ratini, I. Gde Antha Kasmawan
Research has been carried out on integrating the results of Sentinel-2A and laboratory image data measurements in the form of a mathematical model that can be used to estimate the concentration and spatial distribution of Pb and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of the Suwung estuary, Denpasar city, Bali, Indonesia. Integration is carried out using the regression method and correlation of the pixel value measurement results of the Sentinel-2A and laboratory images. Pixel values in Sentinel-2A image data which represent TSS concentrations are obtained by applying the TSS algorithm and Pb pixel values through Sentinel-2A band matching. The number of samples tested was 30 which were taken and measured at predetermined coordinate points. There are differences in the results of concentration measurements, both Pb and TSS obtained from laboratory measurements with Sentinel-2A pixel values. The integration results obtained in the form of a mathematical model in this research are for Pb, it is p=33.757q – 1.1345 and for TSS it is y=1.0213x – 0.2921. The variables p and y are the results of laboratory measurements, while the variables q and x are the results of measuring the Sentinel-2A pixel values. The spatial distribution of Pb detected was mostly on the west side and a small part on the east and north. For TSS, most of it is upstream in the north, while a small part is in the south and east.
{"title":"Integration of Sentinel-2A Imagery and Laboratory Measurements for Estuarine Pb and TSS Concentration Monitoring in Suwung, Denpasar City, Indonesia","authors":"I Made Yuliara, Ni Nyoman Ratini, I. Gde Antha Kasmawan","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4150","url":null,"abstract":"Research has been carried out on integrating the results of Sentinel-2A and laboratory image data measurements in the form of a mathematical model that can be used to estimate the concentration and spatial distribution of Pb and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) of the Suwung estuary, Denpasar city, Bali, Indonesia. Integration is carried out using the regression method and correlation of the pixel value measurement results of the Sentinel-2A and laboratory images. Pixel values in Sentinel-2A image data which represent TSS concentrations are obtained by applying the TSS algorithm and Pb pixel values through Sentinel-2A band matching. The number of samples tested was 30 which were taken and measured at predetermined coordinate points. There are differences in the results of concentration measurements, both Pb and TSS obtained from laboratory measurements with Sentinel-2A pixel values. The integration results obtained in the form of a mathematical model in this research are for Pb, it is p=33.757q – 1.1345 and for TSS it is y=1.0213x – 0.2921. The variables p and y are the results of laboratory measurements, while the variables q and x are the results of measuring the Sentinel-2A pixel values. The spatial distribution of Pb detected was mostly on the west side and a small part on the east and north. For TSS, most of it is upstream in the north, while a small part is in the south and east.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4148
M. I. Iliyasu, D. O. Akpootu, M. Momoh, Z. Abdullahi, A. Yusuf, N. Muhammad, S. A. Sidi, S. Aruna, M. Umar, M. Y. Sani
The present study investigated the monthly average daily mean temperature, relative humidity, surface pressure, cloud cover, and sunshine hours associated with monthly variations in surface water vapour density (SWVD) for the period extending from 1979 to 2016 for Benin (Latitude 6.320N, Longitude 5.100E). The daily variation of SWVD for the dry season (November to March) and rainy season (April to October) for the year 2014 was examined. Statistical indices of coefficient of determination (R2), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean percentage error (MPE), Nash-Sutcliffe equation (NSE), and index of agreement (IA) were used to compare and evaluate the generated two variable SWVD-based models. The findings revealed that the level of SWVD varied throughout the investigation period on each day of the month. The SWVD is higher during the wet season than it is during the dry season, based to the monthly average daily values. The average SWVD was found to be at its highest point in the month of August during the rainy season and its lowest point in the month of December during the dry season (21.1448 gm-3). The greatest amount of SWVD was observed on 23rd May, 2014 with 27.5731gm-3 and the lowest on 26th December, 2014 with 9.6567 gm-3. Pressure and precipitable water vapour are related to each other using a multivariate correlation regression model that was constructed with R2 = 100%, MBE = -0.0204 gm-3, RMSE = 0.0206 gm-3, MPE = 0.1105 %, NSE = 99.9897% and IA = 99.9974% was better appropriate for SWVD estimation with the best fitting and therefore can be used for estimating SWVD in Benin.
{"title":"Estimation and Correlation of Surface Water Vapour Density in Benin, Nigeria","authors":"M. I. Iliyasu, D. O. Akpootu, M. Momoh, Z. Abdullahi, A. Yusuf, N. Muhammad, S. A. Sidi, S. Aruna, M. Umar, M. Y. Sani","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4148","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the monthly average daily mean temperature, relative humidity, surface pressure, cloud cover, and sunshine hours associated with monthly variations in surface water vapour density (SWVD) for the period extending from 1979 to 2016 for Benin (Latitude 6.320N, Longitude 5.100E). The daily variation of SWVD for the dry season (November to March) and rainy season (April to October) for the year 2014 was examined. Statistical indices of coefficient of determination (R2), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean percentage error (MPE), Nash-Sutcliffe equation (NSE), and index of agreement (IA) were used to compare and evaluate the generated two variable SWVD-based models. The findings revealed that the level of SWVD varied throughout the investigation period on each day of the month. The SWVD is higher during the wet season than it is during the dry season, based to the monthly average daily values. The average SWVD was found to be at its highest point in the month of August during the rainy season and its lowest point in the month of December during the dry season (21.1448 gm-3). The greatest amount of SWVD was observed on 23rd May, 2014 with 27.5731gm-3 and the lowest on 26th December, 2014 with 9.6567 gm-3. Pressure and precipitable water vapour are related to each other using a multivariate correlation regression model that was constructed with R2 = 100%, MBE = -0.0204 gm-3, RMSE = 0.0206 gm-3, MPE = 0.1105 %, NSE = 99.9897% and IA = 99.9974% was better appropriate for SWVD estimation with the best fitting and therefore can be used for estimating SWVD in Benin.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135481353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4149
D. O. Akpootu, G. M. Argungu, M. Umar, M. I. Iliyasu, A. Yusuf, N. Muhammad, S. A. Sidi, M. Y. Sani, M. Ibrahim, Z. Abdullahi, S. Aruna
The present study estimate and investigate the variation of albedo for Maiduguri situated in the Sahelian region of Nigeria, using meteorological data of global solar radiation obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) extending for a period between 1984 to 2021. Investigation was carried out on the variation of albedo with surface temperature, maximum wavelength, clearness index, global solar radiation, relative humidity and mean temperature. The study found that the estimated surface albedo exhibited a direct opposite relationship with the clearness index, an inverse relationship with the emitting Earth’s surface temperature and a direct relationship with the wavelength for the location. The highest value of 0.5125 and lowest value of 0.3344 were found in August and November respectively. The emitting Earth surface temperature ranged between 232.8674 K in August and 251.7177 K in November. This is in agreement with the standard emitting Earth surface temperature (255.0000 K). The values of the maximum emitting wavelength were found to be > 4 indicating longwave radiation which is within the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The results from this study will be useful for the design of solar energy collectors and researches on atmospheric radiative transfer.
{"title":"Investigation of the Earth’s Albedo Using Meteorological Parameters over Maiduguri, Nigeria","authors":"D. O. Akpootu, G. M. Argungu, M. Umar, M. I. Iliyasu, A. Yusuf, N. Muhammad, S. A. Sidi, M. Y. Sani, M. Ibrahim, Z. Abdullahi, S. Aruna","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4149","url":null,"abstract":"The present study estimate and investigate the variation of albedo for Maiduguri situated in the Sahelian region of Nigeria, using meteorological data of global solar radiation obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) extending for a period between 1984 to 2021. Investigation was carried out on the variation of albedo with surface temperature, maximum wavelength, clearness index, global solar radiation, relative humidity and mean temperature. The study found that the estimated surface albedo exhibited a direct opposite relationship with the clearness index, an inverse relationship with the emitting Earth’s surface temperature and a direct relationship with the wavelength for the location. The highest value of 0.5125 and lowest value of 0.3344 were found in August and November respectively. The emitting Earth surface temperature ranged between 232.8674 K in August and 251.7177 K in November. This is in agreement with the standard emitting Earth surface temperature (255.0000 K). The values of the maximum emitting wavelength were found to be > 4 indicating longwave radiation which is within the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The results from this study will be useful for the design of solar energy collectors and researches on atmospheric radiative transfer.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4147
Armstrong. O. Njok, Julie. C. Ogbulezie, Osang. J. Eyire
Not all wavelengths incident on a solar cell enhances the efficiency of the cell. Some wavelengths only cause electrons to twist and vibrate in their bonds which heats up the cell and inevitably hinder its efficiency. To tackle this problem, solar cells need to be exposed to distinct wavelengths of light so as to ascertain those wavelengths that adversely affect its efficiency. This study is aimed at experimentally investigating the effect of solar power and solar flux on photovoltaic (PV) modules enhanced with solar filters. The objective includes to ascertain which filter triggered higher power and efficiency from PV modules. In achieving the objectives, color filters were employed for wavelength selection, an intelligent photovoltaic maximum power point tracker was employed to determine the maximum voltage, current and efficiency of the PV module at a particular level of solar power and solar flux, while solar power and solar flux meters were employed to track the amount of the transmitted solar power and solar flux reaching the surface of the PV module. The experimental measurements were conducted in outdoor real-time conditions with varying levels of solar power and solar flux. The results revealed points of voltage increase and points of voltage stability, and also revealed filters that attained voltage stability with relatively lower levels of solar power (400 W/m2 for orange and blue filter) and solar flux (45 Klx for lemon filter). The results also reveal the module attaining a higher efficiency under the red filter as solar flux increases. In terms of solar power, the red filter and the natural spectrum led in power generation, but the natural spectrum triggered a higher efficiency from the module as solar power increases. This study proved that the nature and wavelength of the radiation reaching a photovoltaic module influences its behavior and efficiency.
{"title":"Behavioural Pattern of Solar Filter Enhanced Photovoltaics in Mangrove Swamp","authors":"Armstrong. O. Njok, Julie. C. Ogbulezie, Osang. J. Eyire","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4147","url":null,"abstract":"Not all wavelengths incident on a solar cell enhances the efficiency of the cell. Some wavelengths only cause electrons to twist and vibrate in their bonds which heats up the cell and inevitably hinder its efficiency. To tackle this problem, solar cells need to be exposed to distinct wavelengths of light so as to ascertain those wavelengths that adversely affect its efficiency. This study is aimed at experimentally investigating the effect of solar power and solar flux on photovoltaic (PV) modules enhanced with solar filters. The objective includes to ascertain which filter triggered higher power and efficiency from PV modules. In achieving the objectives, color filters were employed for wavelength selection, an intelligent photovoltaic maximum power point tracker was employed to determine the maximum voltage, current and efficiency of the PV module at a particular level of solar power and solar flux, while solar power and solar flux meters were employed to track the amount of the transmitted solar power and solar flux reaching the surface of the PV module. The experimental measurements were conducted in outdoor real-time conditions with varying levels of solar power and solar flux. The results revealed points of voltage increase and points of voltage stability, and also revealed filters that attained voltage stability with relatively lower levels of solar power (400 W/m2 for orange and blue filter) and solar flux (45 Klx for lemon filter). The results also reveal the module attaining a higher efficiency under the red filter as solar flux increases. In terms of solar power, the red filter and the natural spectrum led in power generation, but the natural spectrum triggered a higher efficiency from the module as solar power increases. This study proved that the nature and wavelength of the radiation reaching a photovoltaic module influences its behavior and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research work focused on the preparation of Monazite nanoparticles using ball milling technique and the determination of its optical properties. High energy ball milling was used to prepare nanoparticles from the bulk materials using the top-down technique. Debye–Scherer formula was used to determine the crystalline size of the nanoparticle. Optical properties such as transmittance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity and band gap energy were determined. The result showed that the crystalline size was about 64.23nm on the average. The dislocation density calculated ranged from 0.149 x 10-3nm to 0.460 x 10-3nm. The absorbance decreased as the wavelength spectrum moved from the ultraviolet region to the visible region and the near-infrared region. The refractive index increased from 1.57 a.u to 2.65 a.u as the photon energy increased from about 1.38eV to 1.14eV. The transmittance at the near-infrared region was even up to 90.9% in some cases. The band energy gap was between 3.57eV and 4.11eV. The properties of the Monazite nanoparticles determined showed that it can have possible applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.
{"title":"Optical Properties of Monazite Nanoparticles Prepared Via Ball Milling","authors":"Chiamaka Peace Onu, Azubike Josiah Ekpunobi, Chiedozie Emmanuel Okafor, Lynda Adaora Ozobialu","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4146","url":null,"abstract":"This research work focused on the preparation of Monazite nanoparticles using ball milling technique and the determination of its optical properties. High energy ball milling was used to prepare nanoparticles from the bulk materials using the top-down technique. Debye–Scherer formula was used to determine the crystalline size of the nanoparticle. Optical properties such as transmittance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical conductivity and band gap energy were determined. The result showed that the crystalline size was about 64.23nm on the average. The dislocation density calculated ranged from 0.149 x 10-3nm to 0.460 x 10-3nm. The absorbance decreased as the wavelength spectrum moved from the ultraviolet region to the visible region and the near-infrared region. The refractive index increased from 1.57 a.u to 2.65 a.u as the photon energy increased from about 1.38eV to 1.14eV. The transmittance at the near-infrared region was even up to 90.9% in some cases. The band energy gap was between 3.57eV and 4.11eV. The properties of the Monazite nanoparticles determined showed that it can have possible applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4145
None Ubaidullah A., None Idris M. M., None Ango M. L., None Abdullahi M. H., None Mohammad I. A., None Iwa S. J, None Okara O. G
This study looked into the levels of heavy metal concentrations (Ni, Fe, Cd, and Pb) in a portable well water sample from Dutsin-ma, Katsina State. A water sampler bottle was used to gather ten water samples from various randomly chosen wells. By adding HNO3, and HCl, heating the samples to 90°C and then cooling them, the samples were digested. Heavy elements were measured using a calibrated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result indicates that the heavy metal concentration levels in a well water sample from Dutsimma, Katsina State for Ni, Fe, Cd, and Pb are in the range (mean) values of 0.005 (pm) 0.0008 – 0.055 (pm) 0.0024 mg/kg (0.021 mg/kg), 0.119 (pm) 0.0011 – 0.7680. (pm) 0006 mg/kg (0.3784 mg/kg), 0.035 (pm) 1.8760 (pm) .0092 mg/kg (0.6776 mg/kg), and 0.83 (pm) 0.0010 – 1.19 (pm) 0.0009 mg/kg (1.451 mg/kg) respectively. The well water samples are widely used by most of the populace of Dutsin-ma as the main source of drinking water. Very negligible levels of these heavy elements are present and thus pose no harm to the populace. However, constant monitoring of various water sources used for drinking is essential.
{"title":"A Study of the Levels of Nickel, Iron, Cadmium, and Lead in Some Potable Drinking Water from Well Sources in Dutsin-ma, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"None Ubaidullah A., None Idris M. M., None Ango M. L., None Abdullahi M. H., None Mohammad I. A., None Iwa S. J, None Okara O. G","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4145","url":null,"abstract":"This study looked into the levels of heavy metal concentrations (Ni, Fe, Cd, and Pb) in a portable well water sample from Dutsin-ma, Katsina State. A water sampler bottle was used to gather ten water samples from various randomly chosen wells. By adding HNO3, and HCl, heating the samples to 90°C and then cooling them, the samples were digested. Heavy elements were measured using a calibrated Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result indicates that the heavy metal concentration levels in a well water sample from Dutsimma, Katsina State for Ni, Fe, Cd, and Pb are in the range (mean) values of 0.005 (pm) 0.0008 – 0.055 (pm) 0.0024 mg/kg (0.021 mg/kg), 0.119 (pm) 0.0011 – 0.7680. (pm) 0006 mg/kg (0.3784 mg/kg), 0.035 (pm) 1.8760 (pm) .0092 mg/kg (0.6776 mg/kg), and 0.83 (pm) 0.0010 – 1.19 (pm) 0.0009 mg/kg (1.451 mg/kg) respectively. The well water samples are widely used by most of the populace of Dutsin-ma as the main source of drinking water. Very negligible levels of these heavy elements are present and thus pose no harm to the populace. However, constant monitoring of various water sources used for drinking is essential.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4144
None Olatunji K. O., None Bamidele L., None Aluko O. M., None Akinboro S. S., None Martins G.
Activity concentration levels and some radiological parameters owing to natural radioactivity in the soil samples randomly obtained in gold tailing sites in Ijesa-land Southwestern Nigeria were analyzed. Analyzed results from 30 soil samples using multi-channeled NaI gamma detector show that the activity concentration of 233U; ranged from 17.42 0.54 to 49.892.42 BqKg-1; 232Th ranged from 22.10 4.70 to 76.557.44BqKg-1 and 40K; ranged from 307.0023.90 to 693.5851.50 BqKg-1 in the samples were measured. The mean absorbed dose rate calculated was marginally higher than the world average of 59nGyh-1. The average annual effective dose rate (outdoor) for all samples ranged from 0.08 + 01. 11mSv.y-1 with a mean of 0.07 which stays far below the permitted worldwide limit of 1mSv.y-1hy by International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP 2010). The calculated hazard indices for external and internal remained to be lower than unity signifying that mineworkers and individuals active in such area are not exposed radiation hazard.
{"title":"Determination of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Resultants Radiological Hazard from Soil Samples around Gold Mining Area in Ijesa-land South-Western Nigeria","authors":"None Olatunji K. O., None Bamidele L., None Aluko O. M., None Akinboro S. S., None Martins G.","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i4144","url":null,"abstract":"Activity concentration levels and some radiological parameters owing to natural radioactivity in the soil samples randomly obtained in gold tailing sites in Ijesa-land Southwestern Nigeria were analyzed. Analyzed results from 30 soil samples using multi-channeled NaI gamma detector show that the activity concentration of 233U; ranged from 17.42 0.54 to 49.892.42 BqKg-1; 232Th ranged from 22.10 4.70 to 76.557.44BqKg-1 and 40K; ranged from 307.0023.90 to 693.5851.50 BqKg-1 in the samples were measured. The mean absorbed dose rate calculated was marginally higher than the world average of 59nGyh-1. The average annual effective dose rate (outdoor) for all samples ranged from 0.08 + 01. 11mSv.y-1 with a mean of 0.07 which stays far below the permitted worldwide limit of 1mSv.y-1hy by International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP 2010). The calculated hazard indices for external and internal remained to be lower than unity signifying that mineworkers and individuals active in such area are not exposed radiation hazard.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3143
S. Namadi, A. Musa, U. Gana
This paper examines the possible use of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pulp as a binding agent for the production of biofuel briquettes. Sawdust biomass was briquetted using hot and cold prepared African Locust bean pulp (SBP) and cassava starch (SBCS) as binders. Physical and combustion analysis of the fuels were performed in accordance with ASTM analytical methods and calculations to analyse the briquettes strength and aptness as a solid biofuel. The results obtained for the maximum density, relaxed density and shatter index ranged between, 802.03 to 931.87 , 300.60 to 336.40 and 89.29 to 99.77% respectively, with samples SBCS and SBP(Cold) showing a better result. The proximate analysis performed shows that, the %Moisture content (Dry basis), %Ash content, %Volatile matter and %Fixed carbon ranged between 6.52 to 8.08%, 2.60 to 5.12%, 78.21 to 86.53% and 2.79 to 10.15% respectively. The Calorific Value obtained for the material briquettes are 17,230kJ/kg, 18,270kJ/kg and 16,550kJ/kg for SBCS, SBP(Cold) and SBP(Hot) respectively. It has been observed from analysis that the strength of the briquettes descends in the order SBCS→SBP(Cold)→SBP(Hot), with a little variation between samples SBCS and SBP(Cold). The study indicates the potential of the binder for the production of biofuel and significantly improve the carbon content as well as the calorific value of the fuel.
{"title":"Physical and Proximate Analysis of Fuel Briquette Made Using African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pulp as a Binder","authors":"S. Namadi, A. Musa, U. Gana","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3143","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the possible use of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pulp as a binding agent for the production of biofuel briquettes. Sawdust biomass was briquetted using hot and cold prepared African Locust bean pulp (SBP) and cassava starch (SBCS) as binders. Physical and combustion analysis of the fuels were performed in accordance with ASTM analytical methods and calculations to analyse the briquettes strength and aptness as a solid biofuel. The results obtained for the maximum density, relaxed density and shatter index ranged between, 802.03 to 931.87 , 300.60 to 336.40 and 89.29 to 99.77% respectively, with samples SBCS and SBP(Cold) showing a better result. The proximate analysis performed shows that, the %Moisture content (Dry basis), %Ash content, %Volatile matter and %Fixed carbon ranged between 6.52 to 8.08%, 2.60 to 5.12%, 78.21 to 86.53% and 2.79 to 10.15% respectively. The Calorific Value obtained for the material briquettes are 17,230kJ/kg, 18,270kJ/kg and 16,550kJ/kg for SBCS, SBP(Cold) and SBP(Hot) respectively. It has been observed from analysis that the strength of the briquettes descends in the order SBCS→SBP(Cold)→SBP(Hot), with a little variation between samples SBCS and SBP(Cold). The study indicates the potential of the binder for the production of biofuel and significantly improve the carbon content as well as the calorific value of the fuel.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82588075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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