Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3142
Md Moniruzzaman, Liza Akter
in ordinary quantum mechanics for the position uncertainty since the minimum value for the uncertainty can be tend to zero. Different theories of quantum gravity, such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, and black hole physics, confirm a minimal observable length. Kempf et al have formulated The minimal length is a fundamental length for position measurement, although there is no lower bound a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) by modifying the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to include an appearance of the length in quantum mechanics. In this study, we have found out the influence of the GUP on the particle for its confinement in a 1D potential box and calculated energy eigenvalues. The modified Schrödinger equation for the particle is factorized to be of second order to obtain the eigenvalues in a handy way. The obtained energy levels are modified from the usual result with GUP parameter dependency. The modification in the energy spectrum due to the GUP characterized by the presence of the minimal length has been also explored graphically.
{"title":"Particle in a Box with Generalized Uncertainty Principle","authors":"Md Moniruzzaman, Liza Akter","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3142","url":null,"abstract":"in ordinary quantum mechanics for the position uncertainty since the minimum value for the uncertainty can be tend to zero. Different theories of quantum gravity, such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, and black hole physics, confirm a minimal observable length. Kempf et al have formulated The minimal length is a fundamental length for position measurement, although there is no lower bound a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) by modifying the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to include an appearance of the length in quantum mechanics. In this study, we have found out the influence of the GUP on the particle for its confinement in a 1D potential box and calculated energy eigenvalues. The modified Schrödinger equation for the particle is factorized to be of second order to obtain the eigenvalues in a handy way. The obtained energy levels are modified from the usual result with GUP parameter dependency. The modification in the energy spectrum due to the GUP characterized by the presence of the minimal length has been also explored graphically. ","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77565855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3141
Josephira Anna Varestefanica, I. M. Yuliara, I. Yuda, K. N. Suarbawa, M. Sumadiyasa, I. N. Sandi, A. Gunawan
This study evaluates the air temperature products of Sentinel-3 and Terra MODIS satellite images, with the aim of determining the comparison results of Sentinel-3 and Terra MODIS satellite images for air temperature observations, and also to determine the minimum and maximum temperatures of the Denpasar area obtained using satellite images. Correlation relationship analysis and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to investigate the correlation and the degree of accuracy between the air temperature of satellite imagery and the air temperature of field observations. The results showed that Terra MODIS satellite imagery has better accuracy to BMKG air temperature compared to Sentinel-3 satellite imagery. Terra MODIS imagery has a correlation coefficient value of 0.95 and an RMSE value of 0.51, while Sentinel-3 satellite imagery has a correlation coefficient value of 0.78 and an RMSE value of 0.93, so it can be noted that Terra MODIS satellite images are better used in air temperature observations than Sentinel-3 satellite images. The results also showed that the minimum temperature detected by Sentinel-3 satellite images from 32 observations was 9.51°C on September 23, 2021 and the maximum temperature was 41.50°C on April 14, 2021. Meanwhile, in Terra MODIS satellite images from 32 observations, the minimum temperature was 20.57°C on September 23, 2021 and the maximum temperature was 37.08 on April 16, 2021.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Sentinel-3 and Terra MODIS Satellite Images for Air Temperature Observation in Denpasar Area","authors":"Josephira Anna Varestefanica, I. M. Yuliara, I. Yuda, K. N. Suarbawa, M. Sumadiyasa, I. N. Sandi, A. Gunawan","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3141","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the air temperature products of Sentinel-3 and Terra MODIS satellite images, with the aim of determining the comparison results of Sentinel-3 and Terra MODIS satellite images for air temperature observations, and also to determine the minimum and maximum temperatures of the Denpasar area obtained using satellite images. Correlation relationship analysis and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were used to investigate the correlation and the degree of accuracy between the air temperature of satellite imagery and the air temperature of field observations. The results showed that Terra MODIS satellite imagery has better accuracy to BMKG air temperature compared to Sentinel-3 satellite imagery. Terra MODIS imagery has a correlation coefficient value of 0.95 and an RMSE value of 0.51, while Sentinel-3 satellite imagery has a correlation coefficient value of 0.78 and an RMSE value of 0.93, so it can be noted that Terra MODIS satellite images are better used in air temperature observations than Sentinel-3 satellite images. The results also showed that the minimum temperature detected by Sentinel-3 satellite images from 32 observations was 9.51°C on September 23, 2021 and the maximum temperature was 41.50°C on April 14, 2021. Meanwhile, in Terra MODIS satellite images from 32 observations, the minimum temperature was 20.57°C on September 23, 2021 and the maximum temperature was 37.08 on April 16, 2021.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3140
Deep Bhattacharjee
Considering the origin of the particles an approach has been provided to show the origin of Bosons, Fermions along with supersymmetry (SUSY) from string vibrations in g (ge) 1 genus of a hypercomplex manifold through (eta) X (eta) matrix for the generator (nabla)(p,q).
考虑到粒子的起源，已经提供了一种方法来显示玻色子，费米子以及超对称(SUSY)的起源，从超复杂流形的g (ge) 1属的弦振动中通过发生器(nabla) (p,q)的(eta) X (eta)矩阵。
{"title":"Particle Origins for String Vibrations","authors":"Deep Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3140","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the origin of the particles an approach has been provided to show the origin of Bosons, Fermions along with supersymmetry (SUSY) from string vibrations in g (ge) 1 genus of a hypercomplex manifold through (eta) X (eta) matrix for the generator (nabla)(p,q).","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83880306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3139
Sonam Norbu, Ugyen Pem
The study explored the use of electronic resources in teaching and learning Physics by teachers and students of Higher Secondary Schools under Pemagatshel Dzongkhag. The study employed mixed methods approach. Survey questionnaires, semi-structured interview and observation check list were employed to collect data from the field. The respondents were selected using non-probability convenience sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data was statistically analysed and interpreted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and qualitative data was analysed thematically. The key findings suggest that majority of teachers and students were aware of, and utilized e-resources to support teaching and learning Physics. The Khan Academy site was explored the most by both teachers and students. Majority of the students made use of journal articles to complete their Physics project work. The findings of this study concluded that teachers and students have a positive attitude towards the use of e-resources. They perceived the use of e-resources makes Physics lessons interactive and lively.
{"title":"Use of Electronic Resources in Teaching and Learning Physics in Higher Secondary Schools under Pemagatshel District, Bhutan","authors":"Sonam Norbu, Ugyen Pem","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i3139","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the use of electronic resources in teaching and learning Physics by teachers and students of Higher Secondary Schools under Pemagatshel Dzongkhag. The study employed mixed methods approach. Survey questionnaires, semi-structured interview and observation check list were employed to collect data from the field. The respondents were selected using non-probability convenience sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data was statistically analysed and interpreted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and qualitative data was analysed thematically. \u0000The key findings suggest that majority of teachers and students were aware of, and utilized e-resources to support teaching and learning Physics. The Khan Academy site was explored the most by both teachers and students. Majority of the students made use of journal articles to complete their Physics project work. The findings of this study concluded that teachers and students have a positive attitude towards the use of e-resources. They perceived the use of e-resources makes Physics lessons interactive and lively.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90159631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2138
J. N. Aniezi, R. Obodo, J. N. Egbucha, A. C. Obike
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are immensely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. This signatures from distant stars helps in carrying out spatial mapping of physical parameters related to soil properties, such as soil temperature. In investigating the effect of gamma-ray burst on the agricultural soil temperature, we used gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) data collected for some period of time to carry out some estimations. Linear regression analysis was carried out using the soil temperature and the GRBs arrival time, . There is an exponential relationship between temperature and time as the soil is heated. This depicts an exponential curve that was fitted into a line; and the slope at any point on the line gives the rate of cooling, which is a determining factor for the time it takes for the soil to adjust between its high and low temperature. The thermal flux which relates to soil temperature is expected to decay at late times. The cooling rate reflects the degree of fall of temperature with time; and the higher the cooling rate, the shorter the time it takes for the soil to readjust its temperature between the upper and the lower ranges of thermal states. Thus the role of gamma-ray bursts in the management of agro-ecosystem is now becoming a reality.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Gamma-ray Burst on the Agricultural Soil Temperature","authors":"J. N. Aniezi, R. Obodo, J. N. Egbucha, A. C. Obike","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2138","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are immensely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. This signatures from distant stars helps in carrying out spatial mapping of physical parameters related to soil properties, such as soil temperature. In investigating the effect of gamma-ray burst on the agricultural soil temperature, we used gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) data collected for some period of time to carry out some estimations. Linear regression analysis was carried out using the soil temperature and the GRBs arrival time, . There is an exponential relationship between temperature and time as the soil is heated. This depicts an exponential curve that was fitted into a line; and the slope at any point on the line gives the rate of cooling, which is a determining factor for the time it takes for the soil to adjust between its high and low temperature. The thermal flux which relates to soil temperature is expected to decay at late times. The cooling rate reflects the degree of fall of temperature with time; and the higher the cooling rate, the shorter the time it takes for the soil to readjust its temperature between the upper and the lower ranges of thermal states. Thus the role of gamma-ray bursts in the management of agro-ecosystem is now becoming a reality.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74068332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2137
M. Onwuka, A. Bubu, P. Nwabuzor
In this study, the electrical conductivity and physical properties of loamy soil samples with various additives is determined. The electrical conductivity meter was used to obtain the electrical conductivity and some standard methods have been adopted to obtain other properties. It is observed that the soil combined with NPK had the highest electrical conductivity with the least coming from the soil (control). It is concluded that NPK raises the electrical conductivity of the soil. This goes forth to show a measure of the amount of salts in soil (salinity of soil), which is an important indicator of soil health. It affects crop yields, crop suitability, plant nutrient availability, and activity of soil microorganisms which in turn influences key soil processes including the emission of greenhouse gases such as nitrogen oxides, methane, and carbon dioxide. It is recommended that soil with organic manure should be used in order to maintain low salinity and good soil health.
{"title":"Determination of Some Physical Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Loamy Soil with Additives","authors":"M. Onwuka, A. Bubu, P. Nwabuzor","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2137","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the electrical conductivity and physical properties of loamy soil samples with various additives is determined. The electrical conductivity meter was used to obtain the electrical conductivity and some standard methods have been adopted to obtain other properties. It is observed that the soil combined with NPK had the highest electrical conductivity with the least coming from the soil (control). It is concluded that NPK raises the electrical conductivity of the soil. This goes forth to show a measure of the amount of salts in soil (salinity of soil), which is an important indicator of soil health. It affects crop yields, crop suitability, plant nutrient availability, and activity of soil microorganisms which in turn influences key soil processes including the emission of greenhouse gases such as nitrogen oxides, methane, and carbon dioxide. It is recommended that soil with organic manure should be used in order to maintain low salinity and good soil health.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81973262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2136
M. Onwuka, C. Ononugbo, J. Ikirigo
The effect of grain sizes on radionuclide concentration in soil and sediment samples from Kolo creek, Bayelsa State was investigated using gamma spectroscopy. Eight (8) samples of sediment were collected around the oil spill site of the creek. All the samples were separated into four different grain sizes, A (0.5mm), B (1mm), C (1.5mm) and D (2mm), making a total of 32 sediment. The activity concentration in sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5 mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm and 2mm were determined. In sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5mm(A), the activity concentration of 226Ra , 232Th and 40K ranges from 2.24 to 20.032.43Bq/kg, 3.21 to 5.591.32 Bq/kg and 24.46 4.06 to 795.99 6.20 Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.0mm (B) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 2.661.30 to 26.64Bq/kg, 2.19 0.95 to 33.47 Bq/kg and 43.38 to 739.21Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.5mm (C) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.401.09 to 33.93± 3.65 Bq/kg, 2.14±1.72 to 26.15±5.3 Bq/kg and 39.90±3.54 to 471.36±6.12 Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 2.0 mm (D) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.81±1.84 to 40.29±2.50 Bq/kg, 2.19±1.40 to 83.20±3.90 Bq/kg and 39.01 ±4.00 to 497.56±5.87Bq/kg respectively. The result obtained shows there was no clear trend in variation of activity concentration with grain sizes. The mean values obtained are below the world average of 35, 30 and 400 Bq/kg for 226 Ra, 232Th and 40K for grain sizes of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm respectively in all the communities except samples from Kolo that recorded 471.36±6.12 to 795.99±6.44 Bq/kg in all the grain sizes. Radiological risk parameters such as Absorbed Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent, Annual Utility Index, Radioactivity Level Index, Hazard Indices and Excess Life Cancer Risk were estimated and values were found to be within the word average. From this study, the sediment of the given grain sizes will pose no radiological health risk if used in farming and in building construction.
{"title":"Effect of Grain Size on Radionuclide Content in Sediment Samples from Kolo Creek, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Onwuka, C. Ononugbo, J. Ikirigo","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2136","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of grain sizes on radionuclide concentration in soil and sediment samples from Kolo creek, Bayelsa State was investigated using gamma spectroscopy. Eight (8) samples of sediment were collected around the oil spill site of the creek. All the samples were separated into four different grain sizes, A (0.5mm), B (1mm), C (1.5mm) and D (2mm), making a total of 32 sediment. The activity concentration in sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5 mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm and 2mm were determined. In sediment samples of grain sizes 0.5mm(A), the activity concentration of 226Ra , 232Th and 40K ranges from 2.24 to 20.032.43Bq/kg, 3.21 to 5.591.32 Bq/kg and 24.46 4.06 to 795.99 6.20 Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.0mm (B) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 2.661.30 to 26.64Bq/kg, 2.19 0.95 to 33.47 Bq/kg and 43.38 to 739.21Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 1.5mm (C) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.401.09 to 33.93± 3.65 Bq/kg, 2.14±1.72 to 26.15±5.3 Bq/kg and 39.90±3.54 to 471.36±6.12 Bq/kg respectively. For grain size of 2.0 mm (D) the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K varies from 4.81±1.84 to 40.29±2.50 Bq/kg, 2.19±1.40 to 83.20±3.90 Bq/kg and 39.01 ±4.00 to 497.56±5.87Bq/kg respectively. The result obtained shows there was no clear trend in variation of activity concentration with grain sizes. The mean values obtained are below the world average of 35, 30 and 400 Bq/kg for 226 Ra, 232Th and 40K for grain sizes of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm respectively in all the communities except samples from Kolo that recorded 471.36±6.12 to 795.99±6.44 Bq/kg in all the grain sizes. Radiological risk parameters such as Absorbed Dose Rate, Annual Effective Dose Equivalent, Annual Gonadal Dose Equivalent, Annual Utility Index, Radioactivity Level Index, Hazard Indices and Excess Life Cancer Risk were estimated and values were found to be within the word average. From this study, the sediment of the given grain sizes will pose no radiological health risk if used in farming and in building construction.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83939442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2135
Brian Obare Osoro, R. Ndegwa, W. Ombati, J. Gwaro
Microplastics contamination in drinking water is a growing concern globally as reported in recent papers. Here we report an investigation on the identification and classification of microplastics present in bottled drinking water using Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Different brands of bottled drinking water from different manufacturers were sampled for this investigation in Kenya. Rapid classification and identification of microplastics polymer types presence in the sampled water was done with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. The two techniques were used to determine molecular and atomic information of various MP polymers detected using scattered signal and plasma spectra. Five polymers polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were successfully detected and identified in the sampled water. Among the five polymers, the most common was PE, which was observed in 5 out of the 14 samples (35.71%). The second most dominant polymer was PET, which was detected in 4 out of the 14 samples (28.57%). Three polymers, PS (14.28%) and PP (14.28%) were detected in 2 out of 14 samples each, while PVC (7.14%) was identified in 1 sample. All the particles detected had sizes ranging between 20 µm to 70 µm. The findings clearly demonstrate possible contamination of bottled drinking water with microplastics. Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are promising techniques for detection and identification of microplastics in bottled drinking water.
{"title":"Identification of Microplastics in Plastic Bottled Drinking Water Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Brian Obare Osoro, R. Ndegwa, W. Ombati, J. Gwaro","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2135","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics contamination in drinking water is a growing concern globally as reported in recent papers. Here we report an investigation on the identification and classification of microplastics present in bottled drinking water using Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Different brands of bottled drinking water from different manufacturers were sampled for this investigation in Kenya. Rapid classification and identification of microplastics polymer types presence in the sampled water was done with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. The two techniques were used to determine molecular and atomic information of various MP polymers detected using scattered signal and plasma spectra. Five polymers polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were successfully detected and identified in the sampled water. Among the five polymers, the most common was PE, which was observed in 5 out of the 14 samples (35.71%). The second most dominant polymer was PET, which was detected in 4 out of the 14 samples (28.57%). Three polymers, PS (14.28%) and PP (14.28%) were detected in 2 out of 14 samples each, while PVC (7.14%) was identified in 1 sample. All the particles detected had sizes ranging between 20 µm to 70 µm. The findings clearly demonstrate possible contamination of bottled drinking water with microplastics. Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are promising techniques for detection and identification of microplastics in bottled drinking water.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86117261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-20DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2134
O. Okorie, A. Buba
Thin film of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) was deposited onto a precleaned transparent glass substrate by chemical bath deposition technique from a bath containing Cadmium acetate, ammonium acetate, thiourea and ammonium hydroxide. The deposition time was varied from 10 minutes to 50 minutes at an interval of 20 minutes keeping the bath at a constant temperature of using 78HW-1 constant magnetic stirrer. CdS thin film was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength range of 280 nm – 920 nm using Single – Beam Helios Omega UV – VIS spectrophotometer. The optical parameters; extinction coefficient, refractive index and dielectric constant of CdS thin film were analyzed from the absorption spectra and were found to be affected by the deposition time. The optical band gap energy was obtained by Tauc’s equation and were found to decrease from 3.78 eV – 3.70 eV as the deposition time increases. The dispersion parameters (dispersion energy , oscillation energy , moment of optical dispersion spectra and , static dielectric constant and static refractive index ) were calculated using theoretical Wemple-DiDomenico model. The result show that only and behaved differently but other parameters increase as the deposition time increases. The oscillator strength , oscillator wavelength , high frequency dielectric constant and high frequency refractive index were calculated using single Sellmeier oscillator model. While behaved differently other parameters increase as the deposition time increased. Also, Lattice dielectric constant , N/m* and plasma resonance frequency were equally obtained. While decrease with increase in deposition time, N/m* increase with deposition time. The electronic polarizability of CdS thin film was estimated by Lorenz - Lorentz equation and Clausius Mossotti local field polarizability model. The value is an indication that the films showed good response on the application of photon energy. However, its response reduces as the deposition time increases.
{"title":"Studies on the Optical Dispersion Parameters and Electronic Polarizability of Cadmium Sulphide Thin Film","authors":"O. Okorie, A. Buba","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i2134","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) was deposited onto a precleaned transparent glass substrate by chemical bath deposition technique from a bath containing Cadmium acetate, ammonium acetate, thiourea and ammonium hydroxide. The deposition time was varied from 10 minutes to 50 minutes at an interval of 20 minutes keeping the bath at a constant temperature of using 78HW-1 constant magnetic stirrer. CdS thin film was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength range of 280 nm – 920 nm using Single – Beam Helios Omega UV – VIS spectrophotometer. The optical parameters; extinction coefficient, refractive index and dielectric constant of CdS thin film were analyzed from the absorption spectra and were found to be affected by the deposition time. The optical band gap energy was obtained by Tauc’s equation and were found to decrease from 3.78 eV – 3.70 eV as the deposition time increases. The dispersion parameters (dispersion energy , oscillation energy , moment of optical dispersion spectra and , static dielectric constant and static refractive index ) were calculated using theoretical Wemple-DiDomenico model. The result show that only and behaved differently but other parameters increase as the deposition time increases. The oscillator strength , oscillator wavelength , high frequency dielectric constant and high frequency refractive index were calculated using single Sellmeier oscillator model. While behaved differently other parameters increase as the deposition time increased. Also, Lattice dielectric constant , N/m* and plasma resonance frequency were equally obtained. While decrease with increase in deposition time, N/m* increase with deposition time. The electronic polarizability of CdS thin film was estimated by Lorenz - Lorentz equation and Clausius Mossotti local field polarizability model. The value is an indication that the films showed good response on the application of photon energy. However, its response reduces as the deposition time increases.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88929496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2023/v7i1133
E. V. Umeadi, A. Balogun
Fluid and lithology discrimination for reservoir characterization of HAX field, offshore Niger Delta was carried out in this study. Three reservoir intervals, R_4500, R_5500, and R_6500 were picked, identified, and correlated across the four wells; but only the R_5500 reservoir was analyzed. The cross-plot analysis of elastic rock properties with reservoir properties such as Vp/Vs ratio against Acoustic Impedance, Lambda-Rho against Vp/Vs, Mu-Rho against Density, and Lambda-Rho against Mu-Rho colour-coded by gamma ray, water saturation, and density respectively was carried out for fluid and lithology discrimination. The result of these elastic rock properties when colour-coded with gamma ray distinguished reservoir R_5500 into the sand zone and shale zone for the four wells, these results depict lithology discrimination as predominantly found in the Niger Delta basin. Consequently, when colour–coded by water saturation reservoir R_5500 was distinguished into three zones namely the hydrocarbon bearing zone, brine sand zone and shale zone indicative of both lithology and fluid discrimination. From these cross-plots, the clusters with the least water saturation correspond to highly charged hydrocarbon saturation sand while clusters with maximum water saturation correspond to non-hydrocarbon zone (brine sand and shale). Finally, when colour–coded by density reservoir R_5500 was distinguished into four zones namely gas sand zone and oil sand zone, brine sand zone, and shale zone indicating fluid types. The result shows relatively lower Acoustic Impedance, Vp/Vs ratio, lambda-rho, mu-rho, and density (as the colour-code) values indicating hydrocarbon bearing sand while the relatively higher Acoustic Impedance, Vp/Vs ratio, lambda-rho, mu-rho and density (as the colour-code) values are associated with non-hydrocarbon zone (shale and brine sand). This study has been able to discriminate hydrocarbon reservoirs using the cross-plots of elastic rock properties in the zone of interest and proven that the HAX field is viable in terms of hydrocarbon prospects and highly economical for production.
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