Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130176
Hanadi H. Sharqi, S. N. Abood
Using IBM-2 configuration mixing calculations, the normal and intruder 2p-2h bands in even-even tin isotopes are examined. The states of the normal and intruder bands were computed separately and then mixed using a basic band-mixing Hamiltonian. The experimental data for energy levels and electronic transition probability from current and past investigations are compared.
{"title":"An Application of Interacting Boson Model-2 (IBM-2) Configuration Mixing in Tin Nuclei","authors":"Hanadi H. Sharqi, S. N. Abood","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130176","url":null,"abstract":"Using IBM-2 configuration mixing calculations, the normal and intruder 2p-2h bands in even-even tin isotopes are examined. The states of the normal and intruder bands were computed separately and then mixed using a basic band-mixing Hamiltonian. The experimental data for energy levels and electronic transition probability from current and past investigations are compared.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79410624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130175
Muhammad Jaafar
Sunlight is the primary source of clean and cheap energy but its intensity varies from one location to another depending on the latitude, altitude, atmospheric absorption and scattering by air molecules, dust particle and water vapour among others. The aim of this work is to determine the solar energy potentials of Gombe ( latitude 10° 16' 59.9988'' N and longitude of 11° 10' 0.0012'' E), Jalingo (latitude 8° 53' 34.2672'' N and Longitude 11° 22' 37.74'' E), Damaturu (Latitude 11° 44' 49.1856'' N and Longitude 11° 57' 58.2912'' E) and Bauchi (latitude 10° 18' 50.9724'' N and longitude 9° 50' 46.6152'' E) in northeastern Nigeria, the process involves obtaining the solar irradiation data for these four locations from a renewable energy simulation package ( photovoltaic geographical information system, PVGIS) for a period of 10 years, a daily, monthly and annual solar irradiation was obtained for each of these locations. A peak monthly values was obtained in the month of January for Gombe, Jalingo and Bauchi while the month of March has the peak value for Damaturu, an average daily solar irradiation of 5.8977kWh/m2/day, 5.9026 kWh/m2/day, 6.0337 kWh/m2/day and 5.9821kWh/m2/day and an annual values of 2154.44kWh/m2/yr, 2056.17 kWh/m2/yr, 2202.30kWh/m2/yr and 2150.60kWh/m2/yr for Gombe, Jalingo, Damaturu and Bauchi respectively. These locations have very similar atmospheric conditions and hence a closer range of solar energy potentials compared to places like Lagos, Onitsha and Sapele in Delta state with (4.42kWh/m2/day), (4.43kWh/m2/day, and 5.31 kWh/m2/day respectively. Damaturu has the highest solar irradiance among the four locations studied. Grid- connected PV system and thermal system (concentration thermal technology) can be built to support electricity generation and hot water production respectively for residential and industrial use. The utilization of Solar oven, cookers and coolers technology should be encourage by government and non-governmental organization, this will help stop global warning and desert encouragement and hence conserve other natural resources( such as forest) for other use ( furniture construction).
{"title":"Solar Energy Potentials of Some Selected Locations in Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"Muhammad Jaafar","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130175","url":null,"abstract":"Sunlight is the primary source of clean and cheap energy but its intensity varies from one location to another depending on the latitude, altitude, atmospheric absorption and scattering by air molecules, dust particle and water vapour among others. The aim of this work is to determine the solar energy potentials of Gombe ( latitude 10° 16' 59.9988'' N and longitude of 11° 10' 0.0012'' E), Jalingo (latitude 8° 53' 34.2672'' N and Longitude 11° 22' 37.74'' E), Damaturu (Latitude 11° 44' 49.1856'' N and Longitude 11° 57' 58.2912'' E) and Bauchi (latitude 10° 18' 50.9724'' N and longitude 9° 50' 46.6152'' E) in northeastern Nigeria, the process involves obtaining the solar irradiation data for these four locations from a renewable energy simulation package ( photovoltaic geographical information system, PVGIS) for a period of 10 years, a daily, monthly and annual solar irradiation was obtained for each of these locations. A peak monthly values was obtained in the month of January for Gombe, Jalingo and Bauchi while the month of March has the peak value for Damaturu, an average daily solar irradiation of 5.8977kWh/m2/day, 5.9026 kWh/m2/day, 6.0337 kWh/m2/day and 5.9821kWh/m2/day and an annual values of 2154.44kWh/m2/yr, 2056.17 kWh/m2/yr, 2202.30kWh/m2/yr and 2150.60kWh/m2/yr for Gombe, Jalingo, Damaturu and Bauchi respectively. These locations have very similar atmospheric conditions and hence a closer range of solar energy potentials compared to places like Lagos, Onitsha and Sapele in Delta state with (4.42kWh/m2/day), (4.43kWh/m2/day, and 5.31 kWh/m2/day respectively. Damaturu has the highest solar irradiance among the four locations studied. Grid- connected PV system and thermal system (concentration thermal technology) can be built to support electricity generation and hot water production respectively for residential and industrial use. The utilization of Solar oven, cookers and coolers technology should be encourage by government and non-governmental organization, this will help stop global warning and desert encouragement and hence conserve other natural resources( such as forest) for other use ( furniture construction).","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91283197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130173
Simenew Assefa Mulat, Merhawi Abreha
The solar power capacity depends on orientation angle of the solar panel. This study evaluates the angle dependence of solar power capacity for a summer season in 2017. Using three solar panels, with 10 Watt capacity each placed on a metallic frame to facilitate changing tilt and azimuth angles independently. Experiments were done for the first six days of three months, and the first three days of each month were used to measure voltages for different tilt angles by changing from 0° to 26° in steps of 2o. The remaining three days of a week of every month, the middle solar panel was fixed at a tilt angle that yielded maximum power while the two panels were moved with azimuth angles from 0o to 270 in steps of 3o to clockwise and counterclockwise with respect to the middle solar panel. A digital multimeter was used to record the circuit voltage of the solar panels with 10 ohms resistor serving as a load. Data gathering was done every ten minutes, during the daytime from 9:30 am to 16:30 pm. The study has shown that the maximum power output was obtained at the tilt angle of 4o in June and July, 2o in August and a season tilt was found at 4o. Maximum solar power outputs were obtained when solar panels facing east and west were oriented between 0o and 3o. This recommends that the maximum solar power production depends on the tilt angle of 4o and clockwise and counterclockwise of 3o orientation for this geographical location.
{"title":"Angle Dependence of Solar Power Capacity: The Case of Setit Humera","authors":"Simenew Assefa Mulat, Merhawi Abreha","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130173","url":null,"abstract":"The solar power capacity depends on orientation angle of the solar panel. This study evaluates the angle dependence of solar power capacity for a summer season in 2017. Using three solar panels, with 10 Watt capacity each placed on a metallic frame to facilitate changing tilt and azimuth angles independently. Experiments were done for the first six days of three months, and the first three days of each month were used to measure voltages for different tilt angles by changing from 0° to 26° in steps of 2o. The remaining three days of a week of every month, the middle solar panel was fixed at a tilt angle that yielded maximum power while the two panels were moved with azimuth angles from 0o to 270 in steps of 3o to clockwise and counterclockwise with respect to the middle solar panel. A digital multimeter was used to record the circuit voltage of the solar panels with 10 ohms resistor serving as a load. Data gathering was done every ten minutes, during the daytime from 9:30 am to 16:30 pm. The study has shown that the maximum power output was obtained at the tilt angle of 4o in June and July, 2o in August and a season tilt was found at 4o. Maximum solar power outputs were obtained when solar panels facing east and west were oriented between 0o and 3o. This recommends that the maximum solar power production depends on the tilt angle of 4o and clockwise and counterclockwise of 3o orientation for this geographical location.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83630682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430171
.. Hakiki, Hakim Khaula Nurul, Nugroho Yuniarto Wimbo, Hao Liu
Heat waves often occur during sunny days in tropical regions during summer season, with temperatures sometimes reaching over 42 degrees Celsius. Because overheat waves can cause heatstroke for human beings who work outside, umbrellas are usually used to cut off sunshine to protect them. In the paper, an umbrella prototype is designed, which can drive a fan to provide cooling effect for persons who work outside in tropical regions. The designed umbrella uses solar cell attached on the above surface of the umbrella to convert solar energy into electricity, which is used to drive a fan or charge a battery. Moreover, the battery can also drive the fan when sunshine intensity is weak, or provide a charging port with 5 voltages for portable devices, such as mobile phones. The key component to realize these functions is an electronic control module, which includes charging circuit and discharging circuit. The former increases output voltage from the solar cell to the desired voltage to charge the battery; the latter can control electricity from the battery to drive the DC motor fan, LED indicator, and charging port.
{"title":"Development of Comfortable Umbrella with Fan by Using Solar Energy","authors":".. Hakiki, Hakim Khaula Nurul, Nugroho Yuniarto Wimbo, Hao Liu","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430171","url":null,"abstract":"Heat waves often occur during sunny days in tropical regions during summer season, with temperatures sometimes reaching over 42 degrees Celsius. Because overheat waves can cause heatstroke for human beings who work outside, umbrellas are usually used to cut off sunshine to protect them. In the paper, an umbrella prototype is designed, which can drive a fan to provide cooling effect for persons who work outside in tropical regions. The designed umbrella uses solar cell attached on the above surface of the umbrella to convert solar energy into electricity, which is used to drive a fan or charge a battery. Moreover, the battery can also drive the fan when sunshine intensity is weak, or provide a charging port with 5 voltages for portable devices, such as mobile phones. The key component to realize these functions is an electronic control module, which includes charging circuit and discharging circuit. The former increases output voltage from the solar cell to the desired voltage to charge the battery; the latter can control electricity from the battery to drive the DC motor fan, LED indicator, and charging port.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90272118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430172
E. Chukwuemerie
We have used both analytical and statistical methods to show some plausible consequences of the luminosity/redshift relationships for compact steep spectrum (CSS) quasars and the more extended extragalactic radio (EGR) quasars. From the analytical methods (or theory), we find that luminosity shows an inverse dependence on the redshift; while from the statistical (empirical) the converse is the case for both CSS quasars and their extended counterparts. We know that luminosity selection effects may play some role in the empirical results. However, we find that the magnitudes of departure of the two empirical results from the theoretical result are staggering – the difference for the extended EGR quasars far outweighs that of the CSS quasars. We may state categorically that this discrepancy may simply be a sign of a factor in the intergalactic medium (IGM) that appears to cause the anomaly in the extended EGR quasars. This is because sources with similar powers are expected to produce similar luminosities; and besides, central engines of the more extended EGR quasars have roughly similar powers with the CSS central engines. However, our results show great difference between their radiated powers (luminosities). A likely explanation of this is that the irregularity may be a signature of dark/vacuum energy. It simply indicates that among other factors, dark energy may constitute a factor which influences luminosities of the more extended EGR quasars. The components (jets and lobes) of the more extended EGR quasars lie in the intergalactic medium (IGM). This medium is more of a vacuum than the interstellar medium (ISM) in which the components of the CSS sources are located. Therefore, dark energy is expected to show more effect in the IGM than in the ISM. Besides, we estimate percentage influence caused by luminosity selection effect and that caused by the presumed dark/vacuum energy. The estimates are respectively, and . These results show that intrinsically, dark/vacuum energy influences extended EGR quasars’ luminosities by about times more than the observational bias caused by luminosity selection effects.
{"title":"Extragalactic Radio Quasars: Consequences of the Luminosity/ Redshift Relationship","authors":"E. Chukwuemerie","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430172","url":null,"abstract":"We have used both analytical and statistical methods to show some plausible consequences of the luminosity/redshift relationships for compact steep spectrum (CSS) quasars and the more extended extragalactic radio (EGR) quasars. From the analytical methods (or theory), we find that luminosity shows an inverse dependence on the redshift; while from the statistical (empirical) the converse is the case for both CSS quasars and their extended counterparts. We know that luminosity selection effects may play some role in the empirical results. However, we find that the magnitudes of departure of the two empirical results from the theoretical result are staggering – the difference for the extended EGR quasars far outweighs that of the CSS quasars. We may state categorically that this discrepancy may simply be a sign of a factor in the intergalactic medium (IGM) that appears to cause the anomaly in the extended EGR quasars. This is because sources with similar powers are expected to produce similar luminosities; and besides, central engines of the more extended EGR quasars have roughly similar powers with the CSS central engines. However, our results show great difference between their radiated powers (luminosities). A likely explanation of this is that the irregularity may be a signature of dark/vacuum energy. It simply indicates that among other factors, dark energy may constitute a factor which influences luminosities of the more extended EGR quasars. The components (jets and lobes) of the more extended EGR quasars lie in the intergalactic medium (IGM). This medium is more of a vacuum than the interstellar medium (ISM) in which the components of the CSS sources are located. Therefore, dark energy is expected to show more effect in the IGM than in the ISM. Besides, we estimate percentage influence caused by luminosity selection effect and that caused by the presumed dark/vacuum energy. The estimates are respectively, and . These results show that intrinsically, dark/vacuum energy influences extended EGR quasars’ luminosities by about times more than the observational bias caused by luminosity selection effects.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88583487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430170
Opara C. Ezekwesili, J. T. Zhimwang, E. P. Ogherohwo, O. S. Shaka
This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of temperature and relative humidity on downlink satellite communication systems over Warri, in Delta State, Nigeria. The data used in this study were temperature, relative humidity and radio signal strength (RSS) obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for the years 2018 and 2019 respectively, both from January to December. Davis Vantage Vue weather station was used to measure the temperature and relative humidity while Spectrum analyzer was used to measure RSS. Both instruments were set to function simultaneously. Results obtained for all the months shows that the level of radio signal strength under the influence of temperature is higher either RSS ≥ 65% compare to that of relative humidity either RSS ≤ 64% which also fluctuate the level of RSS on daily basis, throughout the years under review. It was realized that there is a variation in the refractive index of the medium through which the radiowaves are propagated, due to the variations in the temperature and relative humidity, these adversely affect the received signals strength over the downlink satellite communication systems. The results obtained from this study will serve as guide for link budget design for satellite communication operators within the study. Therefore, similar study of this kind is recommended in other locations experiencing severe weather conditions.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis on the Impact of Tropospheric Temperature and Relative Humidity on Downlink Satellite Communication System over Warri, Delta State","authors":"Opara C. Ezekwesili, J. T. Zhimwang, E. P. Ogherohwo, O. S. Shaka","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430170","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of temperature and relative humidity on downlink satellite communication systems over Warri, in Delta State, Nigeria. The data used in this study were temperature, relative humidity and radio signal strength (RSS) obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency (NIMET) for the years 2018 and 2019 respectively, both from January to December. Davis Vantage Vue weather station was used to measure the temperature and relative humidity while Spectrum analyzer was used to measure RSS. Both instruments were set to function simultaneously. Results obtained for all the months shows that the level of radio signal strength under the influence of temperature is higher either RSS ≥ 65% compare to that of relative humidity either RSS ≤ 64% which also fluctuate the level of RSS on daily basis, throughout the years under review. It was realized that there is a variation in the refractive index of the medium through which the radiowaves are propagated, due to the variations in the temperature and relative humidity, these adversely affect the received signals strength over the downlink satellite communication systems. The results obtained from this study will serve as guide for link budget design for satellite communication operators within the study. Therefore, similar study of this kind is recommended in other locations experiencing severe weather conditions.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78722845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430169
S. Sreedevi, P. S. Brahmanandam, K. T. Rao, V. N. Kumar, G. A. Kumar, K. Samatha, M. Rao
For the periods 01 July, 02 July, and 03 July 2018, important atmospheric parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind direction, and wind speed have been calculated over a tropical Indian station Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). Atmospheric Boundary Layer height (ABLH) was estimated using various analytical methods such as, vertical gradient, double gradient, and logarithmic gradient, and the results are compared with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ABLH data. With the COSMIC Radio Occultation (RO) technique and a regular balloon-borne radiosonde, tropopause heights and their corresponding temperatures were determined using minimum temperature criteria. Gradient and double gradient methods were more successful at capturing ABLHs than the logarithmic gradient method.
{"title":"Important Atmospheric Parameters over a Indian Tropical Station Using Various Remote Sensing Instruments and a Model","authors":"S. Sreedevi, P. S. Brahmanandam, K. T. Rao, V. N. Kumar, G. A. Kumar, K. Samatha, M. Rao","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430169","url":null,"abstract":"For the periods 01 July, 02 July, and 03 July 2018, important atmospheric parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, pressure, wind direction, and wind speed have been calculated over a tropical Indian station Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). Atmospheric Boundary Layer height (ABLH) was estimated using various analytical methods such as, vertical gradient, double gradient, and logarithmic gradient, and the results are compared with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ABLH data. With the COSMIC Radio Occultation (RO) technique and a regular balloon-borne radiosonde, tropopause heights and their corresponding temperatures were determined using minimum temperature criteria. Gradient and double gradient methods were more successful at capturing ABLHs than the logarithmic gradient method.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88791977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430168
G. I. Efenji, J. T. Zhimwang, M. M. Gwani, J. Uzer, S. A. Kazeem
This paper presents the design and construction of a smart-home automation system using nodeMCU and Google assistant. The device consist of Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module that contains all clock generators, shift registers and data buffers necessary to perform an input or output serial data transfer independently of the device program execution. The NodeMCU (ESP8266) Wi-fi Shield connected the microcontroller to the provided Wi-fi network. The Arduino and MPLAB Programming Interface with the help of PICKit3 were used to run the code on PIC16F877A. Home appliances were controlled via a web page created using IFTTT for the voice command and the Blynk app for controlling hardware remotely and also display sensor data. IFTTT is a simple to use internet service that easily enables IoT devices to GET and POST data. The device was constructed based on low cost and reliable home controlled monitoring system for accessing and controlling electronics appliances remotely using any Smart phone with access to Google assistance or Computer web application. The device was test under different electronics appliances with different voltage capacities and was found efficient. Therefore, this device when used is capable of improving the living standard at home, reduces human effort, save energy and time thus make homes have sufficient automation.
本文介绍了基于nodeMCU和Google assistant的智能家居自动化系统的设计与构建。设备包括增强的通用同步异步接收发送器(EUSART)模块,它包含所有时钟生成器、移位寄存器和数据缓冲区必须执行一个输入或输出串行数据传输设备的独立程序执行。NodeMCU (ESP8266) wi - fi保护连接的单片机提供的wi - fi网络。在PIC16F877A上使用Arduino和MPLAB编程接口，并借助PICKit3来运行代码。家用电器通过IFTTT创建的网页进行控制，该网页用于语音命令，而Blynk应用程序用于远程控制硬件并显示传感器数据。IFTTT是一种易于使用的互联网服务，可轻松使物联网设备获取和POST数据。该设备是基于低成本和可靠的家庭控制监控系统构建的，用于远程访问和控制电子设备，使用任何智能手机访问谷歌协助或计算机web应用程序。该装置在不同电压容量的电子设备上进行了测试，效果良好。因此，使用该设备可以提高家庭的生活水平，减少人力，节省能源和时间，从而使家庭具有充分的自动化。
{"title":"Design and Construction of a Smart-home Automation System (SHAS) using Nodemcu and Google Assistant","authors":"G. I. Efenji, J. T. Zhimwang, M. M. Gwani, J. Uzer, S. A. Kazeem","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i430168","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and construction of a smart-home automation system using nodeMCU and Google assistant. The device consist of Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module that contains all clock generators, shift registers and data buffers necessary to perform an input or output serial data transfer independently of the device program execution. The NodeMCU (ESP8266) Wi-fi Shield connected the microcontroller to the provided Wi-fi network. The Arduino and MPLAB Programming Interface with the help of PICKit3 were used to run the code on PIC16F877A. Home appliances were controlled via a web page created using IFTTT for the voice command and the Blynk app for controlling hardware remotely and also display sensor data. IFTTT is a simple to use internet service that easily enables IoT devices to GET and POST data. The device was constructed based on low cost and reliable home controlled monitoring system for accessing and controlling electronics appliances remotely using any Smart phone with access to Google assistance or Computer web application. The device was test under different electronics appliances with different voltage capacities and was found efficient. Therefore, this device when used is capable of improving the living standard at home, reduces human effort, save energy and time thus make homes have sufficient automation.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87448111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i330167
C. J. Mgbemere, C. Ononugbo, G. Avwiri
Determination of radionuclides’ activity concentration in fruits is essential for the protection of human health. Fruits can be radioactive due to the present of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) and technically enhanced radioactive materials (TENORMs) in the environment. The Assessment of Radionuclide activity concentration in Some Fruits from Niger Delta, Nigeria and its Health Risks were carried out using gamma ray spectroscopy. The study measured the activity concentration of radionuclides in fruits and the results showed that the total activity concentration of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in fruits were 578.24 Bqkg-1, 263.84 Bqkg-1 and 128.35 Bqkg-1 respectively. The study found out that 40K has the highest value of activity concentration while apricot has the highest value of radionuclide concentration compared to other fruits. The statistical analysis of data was also done using statistical packages. The average estimated AED for Infants, Children and Adults due to the radioactivity in Avocado, Apricot, Guava and Pear were; 829.02 µSvy-1, 565.865 µSvy-1, and 838.725 µSvy-1, 2737.665 µSvy-1, 4361.4875 µSvy-1 and 2497.9025 µSvy-1, 651.20833 µSvy-1, 1202.6767 µSvy-1 and 813.22167 µSvy-1, and 1164.7883 µSvy-1, 1724.2933 µSvy-1 and 1088.8933 µSvy-1 respectively. The estimated AED due to the consumption of various fruits are above the world value. However, the estimated excess lifetime cancer risks for the various fruits are far below the world (WHO) limit. The study concluded that there is no cancer risk associated with the consumption of fruits in the study area and that the fruits that have tap root systems recorded highest value of radionuclides’ activity concentration.
{"title":"Assessment of Radionuclides in Some Fruits from Niger Delta, Nigeria and Its Health Risks","authors":"C. J. Mgbemere, C. Ononugbo, G. Avwiri","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i330167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i330167","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of radionuclides’ activity concentration in fruits is essential for the protection of human health. Fruits can be radioactive due to the present of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) and technically enhanced radioactive materials (TENORMs) in the environment. The Assessment of Radionuclide activity concentration in Some Fruits from Niger Delta, Nigeria and its Health Risks were carried out using gamma ray spectroscopy. The study measured the activity concentration of radionuclides in fruits and the results showed that the total activity concentration of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in fruits were 578.24 Bqkg-1, 263.84 Bqkg-1 and 128.35 Bqkg-1 respectively. The study found out that 40K has the highest value of activity concentration while apricot has the highest value of radionuclide concentration compared to other fruits. The statistical analysis of data was also done using statistical packages. The average estimated AED for Infants, Children and Adults due to the radioactivity in Avocado, Apricot, Guava and Pear were; 829.02 µSvy-1, 565.865 µSvy-1, and 838.725 µSvy-1, 2737.665 µSvy-1, 4361.4875 µSvy-1 and 2497.9025 µSvy-1, 651.20833 µSvy-1, 1202.6767 µSvy-1 and 813.22167 µSvy-1, and 1164.7883 µSvy-1, 1724.2933 µSvy-1 and 1088.8933 µSvy-1 respectively. The estimated AED due to the consumption of various fruits are above the world value. However, the estimated excess lifetime cancer risks for the various fruits are far below the world (WHO) limit. The study concluded that there is no cancer risk associated with the consumption of fruits in the study area and that the fruits that have tap root systems recorded highest value of radionuclides’ activity concentration.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77398206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-25DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i330166
Yi-Fang Chang
Based on quantum entanglement and corresponding quantum communication, we research a simple superluminal entangled communication scheme, whose key is to establish two mutually entangled particles or devices A and B. We observe and control the information of A position, then can know the corresponding results of the other B. This is not to send directly information each other. It may be superluminal. In special relativity we provided that there are necessary two symmetrical topological structures separated by the light-cone, which includes the generalized Lorentz transformation (GLT) for the spacelike interval, in which phase velocity is superluminal. It is base of this scheme, and may test GLT.
{"title":"Simple Superluminal Entangled Communication Scheme and Its Base in Special Relativity","authors":"Yi-Fang Chang","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i330166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2021/v5i330166","url":null,"abstract":"Based on quantum entanglement and corresponding quantum communication, we research a simple superluminal entangled communication scheme, whose key is to establish two mutually entangled particles or devices A and B. We observe and control the information of A position, then can know the corresponding results of the other B. This is not to send directly information each other. It may be superluminal. In special relativity we provided that there are necessary two symmetrical topological structures separated by the light-cone, which includes the generalized Lorentz transformation (GLT) for the spacelike interval, in which phase velocity is superluminal. It is base of this scheme, and may test GLT.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81990242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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