AJV the context of the debate about government's role in economic activity, the Soviet experience is both interesting and instructive. Should the laissez-faire approach be accepted as the best choice for free-market economies, or should government actively intervene to fight market imperfections?1 The U.S. economy is characterized by a relatively small amount of government involvement in business activity, as federal, state, and local government enterprises are legally of minor economic importance. The Soviet economy, however, typifies the opposite approach. The private sector in most activities is officially outlawed, which indicates that an assessment of the Soviet economic model might in fact contribute to an understanding of political economy as well as actual policymaking. Unfortunately, the criteria for evaluating economic systems are ambiguous, so both opponents and proponents of government intervention can use the Soviet example to prove their case. Opponents may argue that planned economies necessitate huge bureaucracies, reduce incentives, generate inefficiencies, and are generally unable to meet consumer demand. Proponents may point to some impressive achievements of the Soviet state such as creating a modern economy, educating the population, and raising standards of living. The
{"title":"Efficiency and Change in a Planned Economy: Lessons from the Soviet Experience","authors":"F. Kushnirsky","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1985.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1985.0026","url":null,"abstract":"AJV the context of the debate about government's role in economic activity, the Soviet experience is both interesting and instructive. Should the laissez-faire approach be accepted as the best choice for free-market economies, or should government actively intervene to fight market imperfections?1 The U.S. economy is characterized by a relatively small amount of government involvement in business activity, as federal, state, and local government enterprises are legally of minor economic importance. The Soviet economy, however, typifies the opposite approach. The private sector in most activities is officially outlawed, which indicates that an assessment of the Soviet economic model might in fact contribute to an understanding of political economy as well as actual policymaking. Unfortunately, the criteria for evaluating economic systems are ambiguous, so both opponents and proponents of government intervention can use the Soviet example to prove their case. Opponents may argue that planned economies necessitate huge bureaucracies, reduce incentives, generate inefficiencies, and are generally unable to meet consumer demand. Proponents may point to some impressive achievements of the Soviet state such as creating a modern economy, educating the population, and raising standards of living. The","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"86 1","pages":"121 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73341464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944-1954 (review)","authors":"Steven Griner","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1992.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1992.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"23 1","pages":"176 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73366715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A he Polish question has always been—since the first partition of Poland in 1772—a mirror revealing the West's political and moral stances. The present crisis in Poland is no exception to the general rule. In their reaction to the events that have unfolded in Poland since December 13, 1981, the various European countries are revealing how they view themselves, how they judge their ability to influence developments in Poland, and what they hope and fear from the East-West competition. This scheme applies particularly to France. France has always been the traditional ally of Poland. For a mixture of realpolitik and emotional ties, France used to engage in a formal alliance with Poland when it was a state, and professed indignation and commiseration when the Polish nation was stateless.
{"title":"France and the Polish Crisis","authors":"Dominique Moïsi","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1982.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1982.0018","url":null,"abstract":"A he Polish question has always been—since the first partition of Poland in 1772—a mirror revealing the West's political and moral stances. The present crisis in Poland is no exception to the general rule. In their reaction to the events that have unfolded in Poland since December 13, 1981, the various European countries are revealing how they view themselves, how they judge their ability to influence developments in Poland, and what they hope and fear from the East-West competition. This scheme applies particularly to France. France has always been the traditional ally of Poland. For a mixture of realpolitik and emotional ties, France used to engage in a formal alliance with Poland when it was a state, and professed indignation and commiseration when the Polish nation was stateless.","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"17 1","pages":"104 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73376826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iran and the World: Continuity in a Revolutionary Decade (review)","authors":"Abby Harrison","doi":"10.1353/sais.1991.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1991.0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"11 1","pages":"161 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73642404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The End of a Liberal Era?","authors":"B. Balassa","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1983.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1983.0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":" 8","pages":"133 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/SAIS.1983.0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72382648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The United States, Japan, and the Future of Russia","authors":"R. Hunter","doi":"10.1353/sais.1992.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1992.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"7 1","pages":"65 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79110107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Third World in Soviet Military Thought (review)","authors":"Laura A. Hastings","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1983.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1983.0045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"46 1","pages":"242 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79344756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
June 1985 has raised serious questions in U.S. government circles about the direction of Greece's foreign policy and its implications for U.S. policy toward Greece, Turkey, and nato's southern flank. What are Papandreou's intentions? Has his rhetoric against the United States, which he characterized in 1984 as a "metropolis of imperialism," been a political tactic, intended primarily for domestic consumption; or did he mean what he said in 1981 when he pledged to remove U.S. bases from Greece and withdraw Greece from the nato Alliance?
{"title":"Rhetoric and Reality in the Aegean: U.S. Policy Options Toward Greece and Turkey","authors":"B. Kuniholm","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1986.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1986.0044","url":null,"abstract":"June 1985 has raised serious questions in U.S. government circles about the direction of Greece's foreign policy and its implications for U.S. policy toward Greece, Turkey, and nato's southern flank. What are Papandreou's intentions? Has his rhetoric against the United States, which he characterized in 1984 as a \"metropolis of imperialism,\" been a political tactic, intended primarily for domestic consumption; or did he mean what he said in 1981 when he pledged to remove U.S. bases from Greece and withdraw Greece from the nato Alliance?","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"20 1","pages":"137 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84237735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the Baker Initiative","authors":"Riordan Roett","doi":"10.1353/SAIS.1986.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/SAIS.1986.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"21 1","pages":"27 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84569344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It becomes clear in the final chapters that the author really had two books in mind. In combining them into one, both got slighted. He begins and ends the book with a brief discussion of recurring patterns in U.S. -Soviet relations that can be traced throughout the postwar period. But the outline of those patterns is not filled out; a more detailed analysis would be welcome. Similarly, the memoir seems incomplete. How much more could he have told us about how Kissinger's NSC operated? How did it differ from Brent Scowcroft's? What was it like to serve under Kissinger at the State Department? Hyland gives glimpses of these matters, and others; some vignettes are priceless, such as Brezhnev filching binder clips or sitting in a Crimean grotto offering the somber Nixon a treaty aimed at the Chinese; but at the end the reader has snacked, not dined. Mortal RivaL· is revealing and incisive; would that there were more of it.
{"title":"The Chinese Army after Mao (review)","authors":"Paul Humes Folta","doi":"10.1353/sais.1988.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.1988.0001","url":null,"abstract":"It becomes clear in the final chapters that the author really had two books in mind. In combining them into one, both got slighted. He begins and ends the book with a brief discussion of recurring patterns in U.S. -Soviet relations that can be traced throughout the postwar period. But the outline of those patterns is not filled out; a more detailed analysis would be welcome. Similarly, the memoir seems incomplete. How much more could he have told us about how Kissinger's NSC operated? How did it differ from Brent Scowcroft's? What was it like to serve under Kissinger at the State Department? Hyland gives glimpses of these matters, and others; some vignettes are priceless, such as Brezhnev filching binder clips or sitting in a Crimean grotto offering the somber Nixon a treaty aimed at the Chinese; but at the end the reader has snacked, not dined. Mortal RivaL· is revealing and incisive; would that there were more of it.","PeriodicalId":85482,"journal":{"name":"SAIS review (Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies)","volume":"52 1","pages":"243 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84953645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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